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Um sistema de recomendação para mídias baseado em conteúdo nebuloso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-28)
Serrano, Maurício
;
Vieira, Marina Teresa Pires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5446518523049572
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2676737037488211
This work presents the development of a content-based recommender system for media of the AMMO (Authoring and Manipulation of Multimedia Objects) environment s multimedia database. This environment keeps inexact semantic information that describes the media. This project s objective was to recommend media using this fuzzy information. Other informations that should be considered are the of user s interest evolution, relevance feedback and the inference of the user s interest, based on his navigation in the database s multimedia applications. These multimedia applications are presented by the system in the form of a graph, on an intuitive and easy to use graphical interface. The developed recommendation technique uses statistical tests, match algorithms and inexact knowledge processing through fuzzy rules.
Um método para modelagem de controle de AMS usando redes de Petri virtuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-29)
Araújo, Rodrigo Guimarães
;
Morandin Júnior, Orides
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8619608525885317
An Automated Manufacturing System (AMS) is a production system where a discrete number of raws is processed and assembled by controlled machines and/or robots. Controlling AMS is a complex task, due to the several sub-systems that compose it and the need for attending strategic production issues and market. The AMS control complexity increases with the necessity of production and technologic resources. The studies related to AMS control normally consider specific features of the system. Some authors propose solutions considering architecture, some others consider approaches by modular nets, others consider mathematic analysis; and so, each study has its contribution in a specific point. This work considers a wider set of features related to the problem of modeling AMS control. It is presented different options of architecture, different ways to concern hierarchically about the problem, the use of Petri Nets as a way to represent graphically the problem conserving the mathematic formalisms, simulation, and the use of a graphic software that treat all the options before. The proposal of this work is indicate a modeling method for AMS control that considers all features related to its control. This method proposes eight elaboration stages of the model. The stands consider the elements in a specification level more generic and, gradually, they are more detailed. In some stands, simulations are applied with the objective of validate what has been modeled. The work ends with the application of the method to a hypothetic FMS. It is considered a production planning for five types of products in determined quantities. The method application is considered effective, since trough the simulation of the model, it can be verified that all the products are produced according to the production plan proposed and that eventual deadlocks and conflicts can be avoided.
Perfil digestivo e metabólico de juvenis de tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), alimentados com diferentes teores de proteína e lipídio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-29)
Almeida, Luciana Cristina de
;
Moraes, Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9294262709549543
The aim of this work was to investigate the metabolism of juvenile tambaqui (Colosssoma macropomum) fed 4 different protein (35, 30, 25 e 20,5 %) and lipids (4, 8, 11 e 14,5 %) levels in isoenergetic diets. The experiment was carried out in the facilities of the Adaptative Biochemistry Laboratory, located in the Genetics and Evolution Department of the Federal University of São Carlos. Fish growth, hematological parameters, digestives enzymes (unspecific proteases, unspecific lipase and amylase), metabolites (glucose, lactate, piruvate, ammonia, protein, fat acids, triglycerides, amino acids and glycogen), and the enzymes LDH, MDH, GDH, ASAT and ALAT were assayed. The hematological parameters presented no significant alterations. Tambaqui digestive enzymes were responsive to dietary levels of protein and lipids. Fish from the treatments I and II depicted the best growth. In contrast, the lowest one was observed in fish fed with the treatments III and IV. We detected glycolysis, glycogenolysis and lipolysis in livers in accordance the increase of the dietary lipid. It was observed muscular glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis from amino acids and lipolysis to energetic supply in fish fed with high lipid levels. The plasma metabolic profile reflected the function of blood metabolite deliver among the tissues underlining biochemical adaptations due to alterations on the fish feeding. In conclusion, dietary protein and lipid levels induced tambaqui digestive enzymes. The increase of dietary lipid resulted in fish growth decreased, augmented the liver glycolysis and glycogenolysis, increase the muscular glucogenesis and the gluconeogenesis. The fish metabolism seemed to be predominantly lipolitic.
Tanques-rede de pequeno volume instalados em viveiros de piscicultura: uma alternativa para a tilapicultura na região sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-29)
Pinto, Cleide Schmidt Romeiro Mainardes
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
Three experiments were carried out at the Aquaculture Section of the Center for the Technological Development of Agribusiness in Pindamonhangaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, whose objective was to test the use of low-volume cages in populated or not populated ponds, aiming for a better utilization of the flooded area, as well as to assess the productivity of tilapia strains. The experiments were brought to an end when the units from at least one treatment reached mean weight value of 500g (commercial size). The first experiment was carried out from March to July 2000 (fall/winter). Three cages populated with Thai tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) male juveniles, and three cages populated with red tilapia Oreochromis urolepis hornorum x Oreochromis mossambicus) male juveniles, at densities of 200, 250 and 300 fish/m³ were placed in each pond. After 126 days of culture, final mean weight and mean biomass were the double for the Thai tilapia than for the red one at the studied densities. The red tilapia did not reach commercial size at any of the densities. Feed conversion ranged from 1.24 to 1.50:1 among the densities, and survival rate was over 90% for all the treatments. The studied abiotic variables, with the exception of temperature, exhibited suitable values for the culture of tilapia. The objective of the second experiment, carried out from February to April 2001 (summer/fall), was to assess the productivity of the Thai tilapia in cages (intensive culture) placed in populated (semiintensive culture) or not populated ponds. Six cages with Thai tilapia males, at densities of 200, 250 and 300 fish/m³ were placed in the two ponds (V1 and V2). V2 was also populated with 4800 free male units of the same species. After 76 days of culture, the tilapia from the cages in P1 reached mean weight higher than 500g. In V2, only the units kept at the density of 200 fish/m³ reached 500g.Apparent feed conversion was around 1.0:1 for the confined fish and 1.3:1 for the free ones; survival rate was over 90% for all the treatments. The net yield in V2 was 2.7 times higher than in V1.The third experiment, carried out between February and June 2002 (summer/fall), examined the productivity of the Thai tilapia, as well as the effect of the amount of cages on the pond carrying capacity. Two ponds (V1 and V2) were populated with 4800 Thai tilapia male units. Six cages with 250 units each were placed in V1, and twelve (also with 250 units each) were placed in V2. After 60 days, the mortality rate in V2 was 35% for the confined population and 15% for the free fish, due to a sharp decrease in the dissolved oxygen concentration, suggesting that the pond had reached its maximum carrying capacity. At the end of the experiment, after 120 days of culture, only the units from the cages placed in V1 reached commercial size.
Democracia e educação: uma análise da crítica às políticas educacionais do Brasil (1995-2002)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-30)
Borges, Liliam Faria Porto
;
Buffa, Ester
The Brazilian marxist current educators who criticize the educational policies from the 1995 to 2002 Fernando Henrique Cardoso governments, in Brazil, start analysing about the circumstances of a neo-liberal government, strongly marked by the weight of international financial agencies which impose educational policies profiles that in order to guarantee the capitalist accumulation, these policies have a character of strong exclusion. We highlight Gaudêncio Frigotto and Pablo Gentili, as expressions from this group of educators. Thequestion they point out as fundamental is the lack of democracy in the relations between the State and society and also in the several social instances, that prevent from the possibility of the great majority of Brazilians characterize themselves as citizens. This work recognizes all the criticized elements as legitimate, but seek to problemize the format how to elaborate the critique itself, because there is in its formulations a bet in democracy and as an outcome, a belief in education as a social changing area, elements proper to the liberal thinking, thatreinforce the myth of a redempting school. Considering the affiliation of the authors to marxism, we indicate the inheritage of social-democracy and the determined use they make of marxism, as the closest identification with the theoretical formulation from the authors studied here.
Ocorrência de espécies de afídeos em citros (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), seus predadores e parasitórides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-30)
Costa, Fabiano de Mello
;
Silva, Carlos Roberto Sousa e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4890369735136839
The populational floatation of the aphids Aphis spiraecola (Patch, 1914), Aphis gossypii (Glover, 1887), Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Foscolombe, 1841) and Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkald, 1907) was studied and related to climate variations from May of 2004 to April of 2005, through the use of Pearsons s Correlation Analysis. The sampling was carried out every two weeks, through Möericke trap. The highest populational densities of A. gossypii occurred in August and September of 2004, and in the latter the populational peak was verified. From July to September of 2004, it was verified the most intense incidences of T. aurantii, and the highest peak occurred in August of 2004. T citricidus did not present significative correlation with any of the studied climate factors, although higher populational densities in the months of May, June and August of 2004, and the second week of January, 2005, were observed. A. spiraecola predominated over the other species, with populational peaks from May to August of 2004, and in the third week of December of 2004. The populational peak of this specie occurred in August of 2004. It was obtained a positive statistical correlation among the populations of these aphids with thermic extent and the number of dry weather days. Negative correlation, in relation to relative humidity was observed only for A. gossypii. In the space between lines of the citrus culture, 22 infestating plants were identified, among which Annona coriacea M. (Anonaceae), host for T aurantii, Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), host for A. spiraecola, and the infesting Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC (Asteraceae), Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae), Cassia sp (Leguminosae), Sida glaziovii K. Sch., Sida rhombfolia L., Sida urens L. (Malvaceae), Solanum americanum Mill and Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) infested by A. gossypii, must be controlled because they are focuses of aphids that are detrimental to the culture. As for natural enemies, the parasitoid species found more often were the hymenopters of the Aphidiidae Family, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) and Aphidius colemani (Viereck, 1912). In the predatory group, the Coccinellidae Family presented the largest number of species, being Hippodamia convergens (Guérrin-Meneville) the most frequent, followed by Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and then by Scymnus sp, while Olla v-nigrun (Germ., 1824), Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva (Mulsant, 1850) and Hyperaspis sp. were found in smaller quantity during the sampling period. In the predatory group, the Chrysopidae were more abundante, being identified two species: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861), Ceraeochrysa cincta (Adams, 1982) and eight examples only identified as Leucochrysa (Nodita) sp. Among the Hemerobiidae, only the specie Nusalala tesselata (Gerstaecker, 1888) was observed in small quantities on the citrus leaves.
Diversidade dos Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila Densa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-31)
Yamada, Magda Viviane
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
This work aimed to describe the Braconidae diversity in remainders of the Atlantic Rain Forest in Brazil and to verify if there are patterns of distribution along a latitudinal gradient and at low and high altitudes. Since the Braconidae community might be considered an exception to the established patterns of diversity and the scarceness of studies focusing the group, they were chosen in this study. Besides, they have a very important role in the balance of the ecosystems; they are natural enemies of phytophagous insects considered crop pests. In order to sample the largest proportion of the resident fauna in the sites three sampling techniques were used; two passive (Malaise and Moericke traps) and one active ("sweeping" the vegetation). The sample efforts and periods were standardized to avoid possible seasonal influences. This work is part of the BIOTA/FAPESP Project: "Richness and Diversity of Hymenoptera and Isoptera along a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic forest - the Eastern Brazilian Rain Forest" and included 18 sample sites from the Northeast to the Southern Brazil. The Richness Index and Relative Density were used to determine the conservation status of the forest remainders sampled. The Braconidae community did not demonstrate a pattern of distribution along the latitudinal gradient and also no predominant distribution in the two altitude classes was found; however, the sites in higher altitudes showed a more homogeneous and diverse fauna. Many of the entomofauna surveys in Neotropical region allowed the description of new species and new records; here, we present three new records and the description of four new species of Alabagrus Enderlein (Braconidae, Agathidinae) to Brazil. It is suggested that Peruíbe (SP), Linhares (ES), Porto Seguro (BA), Santa Luzia de Itanhy (SE), Recife (PE) and João Pessoa (PB) are places under influence of anthropic activities, and Intervales (SP) and Nova Iguaçu (RJ) are the most preserved. Doryctinae and Alysiinae are suggested as bioindicators of disturbance and environmental conservation, respectively. Cheloninae, Doryctinae, Hormiinae and Rogadinae were assigned as indicators for studies on anthropic impacts assessment in the Atlantic Rain Forest biome due to their wide distribution. The fragment size was not correlated with the abundance and richness of Braconidae specimens. The more efficient sampling method was "sweeping" the vegetation for the Braconidae fauna.
Balanço energético e seletividade alimentar de Hyphessobrycon eques e Serrapinnus notomelas (Pisces, Characiformes)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-31)
Matheus, Fábio Eduardo
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The trophic ecology and bioenergetic aspects of most small fishes were not yet investigated, although they are important components in the ictiofauna, largely contributing to the richness of species and to the energy flow in aquatic ecosystems. The energy budgets and the food selectivity of two species of small fishes, Hyphessobrycon eques and Serrapinnus notomelas, were analysed. Natural populations were sampled from Monjolinho River, São Carlos, SP, in the period between September to December 2005, and January to April 2006. Food selectivity experiments and energy budgets experiments were performed in the laboratory using planktonic and benthic invertebrates as food items. Food selection was evaluated by Paloheimo index, by calculating the normalized forage ratio. Both species had preference and positive selection for the dipteran larvae Aedes aegypti, Chironomus xanthus and Chaoborus sp., as well as for the cladocerans Daphnia laevis and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. They presented negative selection or absence of selection for Hyalella meinerti and Cypricercus mucronata. The positive selection of both species of fishes for the larvae of Aedes aegypti evidenced that they have potential to be used in the biological control on dengue disease epidemies. The results obtained from the energy balances revealed that S. notomelas has higher consumption and assimilation rates than H. eques, however its production efficiency is lower as a consequence of higher metabolic expenditures. On average the production efficiency was 53% for H. eques and 22% for S. notomelas. The values obtained for the instantaneous net production efficiency of both species were higher than those reported in the literature for carnivorous fishes (20%) and also higher than those reported for natural populations of small fishes in tropical regions.
Extensões ao protocolo de comunicações EPCGloboal para tags Classe 1 utilizando autenticação com criptografia de baixo custo para segurança em identificação por radiofreqüência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-31)
Mota, Rafael Perazzo Barbosa
;
Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
EPCGlobal communication protocol for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) does not ensure security and privacy for its system users. This fact makes possible several kinds of security problems on RFID technology usage justifying that security mechanisms should be added to communication protocol preserving the existing standards. This work proposal is based on communication authentication usage making use of low-cost cryptography with the TEA algorithm. The proposed mutual authentication mechanism was specified and proved using BAN logic. All protocol specification has considered the EPCGlobal standard for Class 1 tags as base adding security and privacy extensions to data communication to get protection against several attacks. The results from this work include an authentication protocol formal specification with cryptography allowing this way the protocol standardization using as base the current Class 1 protocol.
Um novo estimador exponencial por partes da curva de sobrevivência: um estudo comparativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-31)
Moraes, Fabíola Eugênio Arrabaça
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
In this work we revise the main basic concepts on survival analysis and reliability. We present the most known nonparametric estimators of the survival function in the presence of censured data. Their estimates are calculed and compared in an real data set on human renal transplants. We point some problems that are not usually considered in the structure of these estimators. As consequense of such problems we can observe possible distortions in the estimates the direction of sub or over estimating the main characteristics of interest. Some alternatives are pointed out for finding lesse vulnerable estimators. Moreover, we propose a new modified piece wise exponential estimator, pointing out its properties.
Efeitos da L-histamina e de antagonistas histaminérgicos sobre a recuperação funcional após hemilabirintectomia em Carassius auratus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-02)
Ferrara, Aline Cristina Piratello
;
Mattioli, Rosana
The aim of this study was to verify the effects of histamine on the process of functional recovery after hemilabyrinthectomy in goldfish, Carassius auratus. To this end, the fish were submitted to unilateral vestibular lesion and treated with a histamine precursor (L-histidine) and antagonists of the receptors H1, H2 and H3 (respectively chlorpheniramine, zolantidine and thioperamide). The success of the surgery was evidenced by the ataxia they suffered during approximately thirty minutes of observation and the presence of these signs was used as criterion for the inclusion of the animal in the experiment. The subjects were treated during fifteen consecutive days with L-histidine (150 mg/kg), chlorpheniramine (24 mg/kg), zolantidine (18 mg/kg) and thioperamide (15 mg/kg). All substances were administrated in a volume of 1.5 ml/ kg of body weight and sterile saline (1.5 ml/kg) was used with the experimental control group. Another group, the sham lesion group, was submitted to the same surgical procedure, but in this case the vestibular lesion was not carried out. The subjects were submitted to seven tests, the first test being carried out on the first day after the lesion, and then five more at three day intervals. The seventh test was carried out three days after the conclusion of treatment. In each test, the subject was placed inside a translucent tube inside a black aquarium which was illuminated on the ipsilateral side for five minutes. The fish behavior was recorded with a video camera located in front of a small opening in the front wall of the aquarium. Body tilt was measured by comparing a line traced between the subject s eyes with a horizontal line traced on the television screen. The mean of the tilt in degrees obtained every thirty seconds was considered. The data were subjected to variance analysis (Two-way ANOVA), followed by the Student Newman Keuls multiple comparisons test.
Redes de cooperação entre EBTs do setor médico-hospitalar da região de São Carlos, Araraquara e Ribeirão Preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-02)
Smolka, Rodrigo Bustamante
;
Côrtes, Mauro Rocha
Technology based firms (TBFs) and technology innovation process studies attract several fields of research. According to social networks concepts, the activities of organizations are affected by the relationship between them. This research aims to verify the existence of cooperation networks towards product innovation between TBFs in São Carlos, Araraquara and Ribeirão Preto from the medical and dental device industry and characterize their strength. In that sense, a study of the social network theory and its main concepts, TBFs and industry characteristics is carried out. The development of a methodology and analysis takes place. Variables such as strength of ties and network structure are considered in the analysis. Among the different actors in different networks, those with high centrality measure and importance are distinguished. Results show that cooperation ventures between TBFs are few, instead, many relations with universities and research institutes towards product development are present. Weak and strong ties can be found in this environment. Important actors that influence TBFs and the product development and innovation are market fairs, standardization agencies, trade associations and universities.
Diz sensu: contra-império e diferença desde a ação lingüística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-02)
Silvestri, Kátia Vanessa Tarantini
;
Miotello, Valdemir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1544987367343253
Componentes estruturais abiótico e biótico e caracterização do grau de trofia de gamboas do litoral sul do Paraná, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-02)
Siqueira, Adriana
;
Godinho, Mirna Januária Leal
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4446317622651166
Studies related to the quality of the water in coastal environments as bays, estuaries and tidal creeks are important due to the high productivity and intense influence of anthropic activities in these areas. This study aims the physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of diverse tidal creeks along Paraná coast. We analized seasonal variations in four tidal creeks and differences among rainy and dry periods in two tidal creeks. The cellular density of the pico, nano and microplanktonic fractions in different trophic conditions, differentiating the auto and heterotrofic compartments were performed. The temperature, salinity, pH, alkalinity, CO2, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, suspended matter, particulate organic and humic matter, total chlorophyll, total coliforms and Escherichia coli were analyzed. The pico- and the nanoplankton were analyzed by direct counting under epifluorescence microscopy, while the microphytoplankton and the protozooplankton were through the Utermöhl method. In relation to the physico-chemical and biological characteristics the Perequê tidal creek exhibited larger saline intrusion, and in the Olho d´Água tidal creek was detected great amount of discharged domestic effluents. Among the pico- and nanoplanktonic fractions prevailed the heterotrophic compartment, in both phases. On the other hand, the abundance of the phytoplankton prevailed under the protozooplankton in the microplanktonic fraction along the whole study. Differences between dry and rainy periods were confirmed. In the rainy period was observed in the two tidal creeks an increase in nitrite, suspended matter, organic particulate matter and picoplankton and a reduction of nitrate, chlorophyll, nanoplankton (auto- and heterotrophic) and of the autotrophic microplankton. Increase of phosphate, ammonium and humic substances were only observed in Barranco tidal creek and of dissolved oxygen and E. coli in Olho d´Água. These results show that in periods of high pluviosity elevated amounts of nutrients are exported by the tidal creeks to the adjacent internal continental shelf. It was not possible to define a pattern for none of the variables in relation to the tide and to the day and night periods.
Estudo fitoquímico de Helietta puberula (Rutaceae), Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae) e busca de um processo de microencapsulação de compostos ativos visando o controle de formigas cortadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-02)
Simote, Simone Yasue
;
Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4637413931051021
This work involved the bioassay-guided study of Helietta puberula (Rutaceae) e Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae). The biossays were carried out with leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa, antifungal activity against the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus and inhibition of the enzymatic activity of pectinases. The results obtained with extracts and fractions showed that the selected plants were promising source of compounds in the control against leafcutting ants. The phytochemical investigation of active extracts and fractions allowed the isolation of 31 compounds of differences types such as: steroids ( β- sitosterol, stigmasterol, sitostenone, stigmastenone, campestenone and 3 β-O-3 β- D-glucopyranosil sitosterol); triterpenes of the tirucalane type (22S,3 α- dihydroxytirucal-7,24-dien-23-one), esqualene (eurilene) and lupanic (lupeol and lupenone); quinoline alkaloids (N-metil-4-methoxy-2-quinolone), furoquinolinic alkaloids (dictamine, γ-fagarine, kokusaginine, maculine, flindersiamine), acridonic alkaloids (arborinine); canthinonic alkaloids (4,5- dimethoxycanthin-6-one and 5-methoxycanthin-6-one) and of the β-carboline types of alkaloids (7-hidroxy-ethyl β-carboline and 7-hidroxy-1,1 -propyonate of methyl β-carboline); flavonoids (flavone, isosakuranetine and 5,7,3 ,4 ,5 - pentamethoxyflavone); one stilbene (22); coumarins (7-hidroxycoumarin, 6,7- dimethoxycoumarin, 6-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxycoumarin, 3 -(1 ,1 - dimethylalyl)-isoescopoletin, methylether-graveliferone); quassinoids (glaucarubolone and glaucarubinone) and two cinnamic acids derivatives (methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate and geranyl 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate). Among these substances, furoquinoline and canthinonic alkaloids, flavone and the quassinoids were active against the L. gongylophorus fungus; inhibiting 100% of its grownth and also showed inhibition against leaf-cutting ants survivel biossay. The study of chitosan as matriz on the microencapsulation process; to the encapsulation of the bioactive compound, reduction of the mammalian toxicity, protection Humans and also the environment; showed very promising results, but more study is necessary mainly to reduce the size of the particle
Caracterização ambiental da paisagem da microrregião colonial de Irati e zoneamento ambiental da Floresta Nacional de Irati, PR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-03)
Mazza, Carlos Alberto da Silva
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The protected areas are the most effective places for in situ conservation of biological diversity. These areas must occupy a land extension that tends to maximize the ecosystems integrity and the representativeness of the ecological communities and of its component species. It must also reduce to a minimum the risks of species extinction. In Brazil, these areas were established for the first time in 1937, with the creation of Itatiaia National Park. From then, several protected areas were established in the country and, among them, the Irati National Forest Irati Flona, a federal area, category of Sustainable Use. The Flona has 3,618 ha containing remnants of the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest (Araucaria Forest) in different successional stages. Presently, the region where Irati Flona is localized has two other protected areas, the Fernandes Pinheiro Ecological Station and the Araucaria Biological Park. These three protected areas are adjacent and, together, represent 19,070 ha and form an important mosaic of remnants, aiming at protecting the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest in the Center-south of Parana State. The characterization and analysis of the structure of Irati Flona landscape and of the four municipalities around, as the conceptual proposal for environmental zoning were established in a Geographical Information System, so as to make a georeferred digital database that allow the handling and analysis of the data. The steps for zoning establishment started with the history of colonization and occupation, in order to understand the occupation dynamics of the original landscape until reaching the actual conformation. The following steps used the topographic, geological and soil maps, as well as satellite and radar images, which allowed to establish the necessary thematic maps, used to analyze the biophysical aspect of the region and identify the factors that threaten the integrity of the biological diversity of Flona, and to present a proposal for an environmental conceptual zoning. Based on the characterizations and analyses that were done, it was possible to identify ...
Estudos limnológicos e ecotoxicológicos (laboratoriais e in situ), com ênfase na avaliação da toxicidade de metais e de pesticidas organoclorados em peixes (Danio rerio e Poecilia reticulata - sub-bacia do rio Monjolinho (São Carlos SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-05)
Fracácio, Renata
;
Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5643065656865773
In order to evaluate the physical, chemical, biological and ecotoxicological parameters of Monjolinho River system (in laboratory and in situ), water and sediment samples (from the river and from eight of its tributaries) we obtained in july/03, October/03, January/04 and April/04. Juveniles and adult individuals of Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata were used in the ecotoxicological studies. Mortality, juvenile biometry, and deletery effects observed on the gills tissue were considered in the tests. The limnological data revealed the higher concentrations of heavy metals and organochlorides in the dry season, being over the limits established for aquatic organisms protection. The concentrations of zinc and heptachlore found in the sediments of the last study sites resulted in deletery effects. The higher concentrations of the analyzed parameters were found in the study sites UFSCar, Confluência and Córrego Tijuco, probably due to the higher concentrations of clay and silt found in these areas. The partially chronic tests performed using samples obtained from the natural environment revealed significant toxicity for at least one fish species and one parameter. Tests in situ showed more drastic effects, especially in July/03. P. reticulata was more vulnerable when compared to D. rerio in all of the analyses, especially considering the juvenile stages. Two contaminants were used in the laboratory ecotoxicological analyzes, using D. rerio juveniles as a test organism. Cadmium showed a CL(I)50, 96h, of 1894,73µg/L. In the tests of static partial chronic toxicity, the chronic value obtained was 189,73µg/L, for both survival and growth, indicating that in the same concentration, the effects on the survival and biometry were similar. Gills morphological alterations increased with the increasing concentrations: 0.6 µg/L, 6 µg/L, 60 µg/L and 600 µg/L, being the fusion of the secondary lamellaes observed in the last concentration. Regarding to the endossulfan sulphate, the semi-static CL(I)50, 96h, was 7.24 µg/L and the chronic value, considering survival rates, was 0.948 µg/L. Histological effects were observed in all of the concentrations (0.03 µg/L, 0,3 µg/L and 3 µg/L), being the hyperplasia and secondary lamellae fusions more drastic in the last concentration. The toxicity tests, as well as the limnological analyses, showed that the Monjolinho system in highly disturbed, with inadequate conditions for the conservation of the aquatic organisms and may represent risks for the human health.
Indicadores da qualidade da bacia hidrográfica para gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos. Estudo de caso: Bacia hidrográfica do Médio Tocantins (TO)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-05)
Tundisi, José Eduardo Matsumura
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
In this thesis a diagnosis of the conditions the watershed of the Middle Tocantins river was carried out with the objective to develop a management plan for the area of influence of the reservoir of the hydroelectric power plant, Luiz Eduardo Magalhães. The power plant started its operation in 2002. The diagnosis of the water quality of the reservoir and its tributaries was made with the objective to understand the relationships quality of the watershed / water quality as a response of impacts and conservation areas. The Middle Tocantins watershed has 13 sub-basins. In this work 4 sub-basins were selected, two heavily impacted (Ribeirão da Água Fria e Córrego São João) and two with low impacts (Rio Lajeado and Ribeirão São João). The quality of the sub-basins was obtained evaluating the condition and vulnerability of the watershed. To characterize the watershed condition the indicator used was the state of conservation (percentage of original vegetation cover, agricultural areas, urbanization, wetlands preserved). Limnological, physical, chemical and biological analysis of the reservoir, both in short periods of time with real time monitoring and seasonally was performed in order to analyses the dynamics of the system and its response to external and internal inputs. Hydrodynamics of the reservoir was analyzed in order to understand processes of vertical and horizontal circulation and their interaction with the eutrophication of the reservoir. Nutrient enrichment due to agricultural and urban wastes is one of the main problems of the degradation of water quality. The results show that from the four sub-basins analyzed, the two heavily impacted, Ribeirão da Água Fria and Córrego São João, have the greatest percentage of areas of human activity (56- 61%) with 36-41% of preserved original vegetation and wetlands. The two less impacted watersheds, (Ribeirão do Lajeado e Ribeirão São João) presented another percentage: 54-56% of preserved areas and 41-44% of impacted areas. Demographic expansion, urbanization and intensive soil use is the main cause of the increase of eutrophication of the reservoir. The trophic state index applied to the reservoir showed that its trophic states ranges from oligotrophy to mesotrophy. This could be probably due to the short retention time of the reservoir (25 days) and the less intensive use and occupation of the watersheds. A management plan was prepared considering the risk areas and the environmental zoning altogether with the reservoir dynamics. The aim of this plan (risk analysis for eutrophication and sediment transport and input) is to provide a tool for decision makers to develop a process of integrated, predictive and the watershed level of management in order to optimize multiple uses.
Efeito das variáveis abióticas na produção primária de Egeria najas e Utricularia breviscapa da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-06)
Petracco, Paula
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
This study was developed at Oleo lagoon, an oxbow sited on Mogi Guaçu river floodplain, located in Estação Ecológica de Jataí (Luís Antônio SP Brazil). To evaluate the river level fluctuation on the metabolism of this lagoon the following activities were done: i) limnological inventories (pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, organic carbon, inorganic carbon, suspended matter, temperature, electrical conductivity and photosynthetic active radiation); ii) the lagoon batimetry; iii) in situ incubations to evaluate the primary production rates of two species of submerged aquatic macrophytes (Egeria najas Planchon and Utricularia breviscapa Wright ex Griseb); iv) simulation of levels of river overflow. In the rainy season, due to overflow of the waters of Mogi Guaçu river into the lagoon, intense modifications of abiotic variables were verified. In the dry period, when the lower values of temperature, electrical conductivity, total suspended matter, vertical light extinction coefficient, total carbon concentrations, NTK and Ptotal occurred, the E. najas stands were located in the bottom of the lagoon and the photosynthetic rates were significantly higher than in the rainy period, and the light was the main variable controlling this process. For U. breviscapa, the photosynthetic rates were higher in the rainy season, presenting possible relation to the values of temperature and inorganic carbon concentrations, which were higher in this period. From the results, it was observed that Oleo Lagoon showed three different limnological phases: dry, rainy without overflow and rainy with overflow. Considering it is a oxbow lake situated in a conservation unit, the change in limnological and biochemical characteristics were due to the overflow pulse, influencing directly or indirectly the primary production of E. najas and U. breviscapa.
Importância do prado de capim marinho (Halodule writhii Aschers) na composição da fauna de Crustacea Brachyura e na dinâmica trófica das espécies de Callinectes (Crustacea, Portunidae) na ilha de Itamaracá - Pernambuco - Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-06)
Moura, Noely Fabiana Oliveira de
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083829606714038
With aim to know the community structure of the Crustacea Brachyura and analyze the trophic dynamics of the species Callinectes dane, C. larvatus e C. ornatus in the seagrass bed of Halodule wrightii Aschers, studies were carried out during a dry period (February, 2001 and September to December, 2001) and the wet period (March to August, 2001) in the Forno da Cal beach, Itamaraca Island, Pernambuco, Brazil. The sampling method adopted was nocturnal trawling on the seagrass using a small (2m width) bottom net with internal mesh of 5mm and external of 2mm. Additional samplings were carried out on a period of 24 hours, in February, May, July, September and December, 2001. Samplings were also carried out on the adjacent sandy flat without vegetation, in March, June, August and December, having as objective to compare the biomass, abundance and diversity of this habitat with the seagrass in this same period. To determinate the gastric evacuation rate in the Callinectes sp., experiment was carried out. The results indicate that the Portunidae family contributed with 93% of the total captures. The species Callinectes ornatus, C. danae, C. larvatus and Portunus ordwayi were the most frequent. The highest density occurred in March, positively correlating with the air temperature, and the highest biomass was observed in July, with a positive correlation to density of cast algae. The seagrass presented the highest averages of densities, biomass, number of species, richness and diversity when compared to the adjacent sandy flat. Even if the number of species observed in the sand is higher, these presented well-distributed in the environment, with equitability value higher than in the seagrass. Animal organic matter, Gastropoda and Macrophyta were the food items that most contributed in the analysis of the stomach content of the species C. danae, C. larvatus and C. ornatus. It was observed that the smallest organisms have fed of small preys and with low mobility, as in the case of highest consume of Polychaeta, Copepoda and Amphipoda by specimens of smaller carapace width. Two feeding rhythms were observed for Callinectes: a diurnal one from 4:00 to 9:00 am and a nocturnal one between 21:00 and 22:00 pm. The evacuation rate (E) obtained by the regression analysis was E = 33.26% VE h-1. The daily ration in the sampled months in the 24-hour analyses was of 798.24% SV (the stomach fullness). After transforming the stomach fullness to somatic weight a day, the observed value was 20.748%.d-1. Then, C. ornatus with weigh of 1 g may consume 0.207 g food/ day. The seagrass bed represented as an important food source to Brachyura s population, due to the diversity of preys and refuge area, not only by the vegetation of seagrass but also by the abundance of cast algae, especially for the species Callinectes danae, C. larvatus and C. ornatus.