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(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-07-03) Giovani, Fabiana; Reyes, Cláudia Raimundo
The main objective of this work is to understand the process of acquiring the writing system which children from the outskirts underwent during the literacy period. It was a peculiar situation in which the teacher, by using the enunciation theory as the foundation for her practice, became a researcher and constructed a corpus of analysis from the texts written by the children a material developed without aiming to be transformed into an academic research. The theoreticalmethodological presupposition of this qualitative investigation refers to a tracing paradigm of analysis which was established within the ambit of Human Sciences and enabled an analysis based on the traces present in the children s texts. The search for traces was related to the conditions or context in which the texts were produced, as well as to the set of stable characteristics of the discursive genre and the writing of the words. Consonant with these pillars which guided the sight to the texts is the choice for the theoretical referential mainly represented by Mikhail Bakhtin. From the traces in the texts, it was possible to comprehend that, in addition to the acquisition of the written language itself, there was a significant understanding of other relevant elements of language, such as the discursive genres which are present in our society, especially the written ones. Thus, in the end of the year, the children were shown to achieve autonomy when choosing a genre in an enunciation. Another trace which must be highlighted is the process by which the children manipulated a word and related it to the context in which they were involved. It was possible to observe that the words of others were dialogically reelaborated within my words of others through a process of utilizing different words of others , thus leading to the creation of my own words . In summary, this study provides evidence that carrying out a work aimed to guarantee the right to the written word for everyone is a viable way of establishing a dialog among unique and free subjects who understand, from the first contacts with writing, the meaning and the sense of the word equality .
Preparação e caracterização de pós e filmes finos cerãmicos de titanato de chumbo e estrôncio obtidos por método químico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-07-03) Leal, Sérgio Henrique Bezerra de Sousa; Varela, José Arana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1807399214239200
xvii ABSTRACT In this work it is approached the preparation of ceramic powders and thin films of strontium-doped lead titanate with concentration of strontium varing from 0 to 100% mol, using a chemical method of synthesis, polymeric precursor method (Pechini). This method allows the sythesis in aqueous medium, in ambient atmosphere, using reactants easily available. In this way, the synthesis condicions were optimized in order to elimanate the formation of secondary phases. The powders ceramic treated in different temperatures under ambient atmosphere was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), that allowed the identification of the crystalline phases, lattice parameters and crystallite size. A phase transition from tetragonal to cubic was observed in this system as the stontium concentration increases in the (Pb1-xSrx)TiO3. A pseudo-cubic phase was observed for x=0.5, indicanting the complete solid solubility of the system. Thin films were obtained by using spin coating of the polymeric solution on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a rotation speed of 7600 rpm for 30 s and calcining at 600°C for 4 h. The effect of the substituint ion in the microstructure and morphology of those films was discussed through a systematic and detailed study using XRD, FTIR, micro-Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM); where it was verified that addition of strontium in the PT lattice resulted in decrease of avarage grain size of those films.