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Comportamento de elementos pré-moldados de concreto com ligações semi-rígidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-09-01) Souza, Abner Soares de; Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470
The behaviour of reinforced concrete precast beams is strongly influenced by the flexural stiffness of its beam-column connections, wherein there is interdependence between the nonlinearity of the moment-curvature relationship along the beam and the non-linearity of the moment-rotation relationship of the beam-column connections. In most of the existing researches on semi-rigid connections in precast structures, the main focus lays on the characterization of the flexural stiffness by performing experimental tests on isolated models of beam-column connections instead of tests on sub-frames, comprising beam and connections. In this research an experimental procedure was developed, wherein different theoretical equations based on the fixity factor of the connections were combined, allowing the integration between the stiffness of the reinforced concrete beam with the flexural stiffness of the beam-column connections. Therefore, by using this procedure it was possible to evaluate the semi-rigid behaviour of the beam-column connection, highlighting the possibility of carrying out just one test for the precast beam with its connections. The analyses of the experimental results indicate that the studied connection was capable of absorbing around 53% of the elastic beam-end moment at the ULS, compared with the situation of a full restrained connector, implying the increase of 170% of the positive mid-span moment of the beam. This level of semi-rigid behaviour for the beam-column connection can affect the global stability of skeletal precast concrete structures with more than five storeys in height. For this reason, the present research shows the need for further studies with the purpose of enhancing the analysis and the design of precast concrete structures for multi-storey buildings.
Bolsa-escola e inclusão educacional em Jaboticabal (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-09-01) Costa, Maria Christina Dória; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
This work studies the School Stipend Program in order to verify whether or not it has achieved the goals of guaranteeing that children attend school and acquire literacy. In addition, it examines whether or not school helps the social integration of children from lowincome families. In this regard, this research project about the School Stipend Program also analyzes the extent to which this government program on a federal level can be considered a strategy for the social inclusion of poor children and adolescents. The categories of the State, Social Policies, State shape the understanding of the questions of social inclusion and exclusion in a capitalist society. The empirical study carried out between 2005 and 2006 focused on the School Stipend Program in the city of Jaboticabal, State of São Paulo. This study followed the administration of the program from its inception, collecting data that allowed the researcher to get to know the schools involved in the program and to choose the one that had the largest number of participants in the program. After contacting the selected school, the administrators and nine teachers maintained a close relationship with the students who benefited from the Program. After identifying this children, six families were selected to be visited and interviewed. Among the most important results of this study was the finding that the Program is important for the everyday life of these families, reflected in the relationship of the family and the children and adolescents with the school and in the reaffirmation of the fact that the the school remains a reference for the education of individuals. At the same time, the School Stipend Program doesn´t provide significant changes in the expansion of the social network of family support. This income supplement, regardless of the fact that it has been considered modest, has not solved the challenges that limit the possibilities in the social realm since they are the result of structural problems unemployment and low income among poor families. Finally, the school is a reference for students, an essential social instrument for the strengthening of the social support network of the most Brazilian children and adolescents who live on the fringes of vulnerability in a constantly precarious state that can produce social integration.
Catalisadores de Pd suportados em La2O3-Al2O3 para a reforma do metano: influência do La na estrutura superficial, atividade e estabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-09-01) Cassinelli, Wellington Henrique; Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8800458933689577
The steam reforming methane reaction catalysed by Pd/(x)La2O3-Al2O3 was studied using different contents of La. The Pd(x)La2O3-Al2O3 catalysts were obtained by wetness impregnation of alumina with an aqueous solution of Pd(NO3)2 and were characterized by specific surface area and pore volume measurements (SBET e Vp), x-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), metallic dispersion measurements, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy at the UV-visible region (DRS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) of adsorbed CO. The SBET and Vp results suggest that lanthanum is dispersed at the γ-Al2O3 surface without blocking the support pores with La addition up to 12 wt%. The TPR and DRIFTS-CO results for Pd/Al2O3, show that there is an increase in the PdO-support interaction and the formation of Pd0 surfaces where the CO adsorbs preferentially at the linear form if compared to bridged CO species. Pd dispersion results and DRIFTS-CO for the Pd/(x)La-Al2O3 catalysts suggest that with increasing La loading, there is a partial recover of Pd sites by lanthanum oxide species resulting in changes at the CO adsorption form and lower accessibility to Pd sites due to geometric effects caused by the presence of LaOx compounds at the surface of Pd0 particles. Pd dispersion data and the catalytic activity tests show that with increasing La content up to 12 wt%, there is a decrease in Pd dispersion, followed by an increase in the specific activity, an increase in TOF values and lower apparent activation energies for CH4 during steam reforming. The higher activity of this catalysts with increasing La loading can be related to the following factors: i) the formation of a fraction of sites with higher electronic density; and ii) the transference of species like O* from the support to the Pd surface, that would promote the removal of species like C* adsorbed at Pd sites with high electronic density. This will therefore result in higher activities and higher accessibility of CH4 to Pd sites.
Prevenção de comportamentos agressivos entre pré-escolares: uma proposta de capacitação para professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-09-01) Luizzi, Luciana; Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5081086186388972
Literature about childish aggressiveness has evidenced importance of schools prepare to cope with aggressive students more effectively, that demand a lot of teachers instructional and behavior management skills. The continuation of punitive practices, used in schools, can be result of teachers lack of skill to cope with children who show aggressive behavior. Otherwise that, application of proper behavior management strategies and the development of positive relationships among teachers and children contribute to promote social and academic success, especially to children at risk. Several authors have argued a comprehensive intervention applied in the preschool is the more effective method to divert these children of antisocial pathway. Necessary conditions in the school context to support teachers to cope with aggressive children have been the object of several researches. International literature has indicated positive effects by the application of intervention programs in the school context on aggressive behavior. These effects are: the decrease of aggressive behavior rate and improvements social and academic skills in children, and the teachers acquisition of skills to cope with aggressive children. It was verify the necessity of identify characteristics relative to teacher s role in intervention programs, referring to knowledge and skills required to support students, and relative to teaching strategies that are offered to teacher act properly. The present research intended to elaborate a capability proposal, derivative of successful school-based intervention programs revision, that promote the improvement of teachers skills, directed to prevent and/or minimize preschoolers aggressive behaviors. Method was divided in four stages: (1) search and identification of successful school intervention programs; (2) a wide description of each intervention program; (3) a specific description of skills and tasks that are related to participants and responsible professionals performance in the programs; and (4) the elaboration of a capability proposal for the improvement of teacher skills in coping with aggressive preschoolers. The main results consisted in four products: (a) identification of relevant skills to be developed by students; (b) identification of proper strategies to development of these skills; (c) proposition of a set of the teachers skills required toward implement teaching strategies which aim at prevention of aggressive behavior in classroom; and (d) proposition of conditions to be offered toward teachers. The aim of this study is to make available a capability proposal to preschool teachers, based on successful theoretical and experimental foundations provided by programs described in the literature. This product is considered to be important in the development of future investigations on the necessary teaching conditions related to the improvement of teachers skills in coping with children who exhibit aggressive behavior problems.
Contribuição para a gestão da integração no processo de desenvolvimento de produto.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-09-01) Carvalho, José Luiz Moreira de; Toledo, José Carlos de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9194668020055052
Continuous development of new and improved products is seen as a key factor for business survival and growth. A new product that satisfies consumer s needs in an efficient and opportune manner increases competitive advantage. New product development (NPD) process has a multidisciplinary and multifunctional character, demanding specialized kinds of technical knowledge, peculiar of different disciplines or functions. A successful NPD requests a good integration among these functions, so that an auxiliary tool that helps this integration can increase project s performance and, consequently, competitive performance. In this thesis an auxiliary tool for managing functional integration in new product development processes is proposed, based in three conditional factors (Context, Technological Positioning, Competences) and three dimensions (Communication, Coordination and Collaboration). The tool s proposal includes a discussion about these conditional factors and dimensions, describing how they can be used to acquire an adequate functional integration in new product development process. As a secondary contribution of the thesis, a discussion about a particular case of integration, the one between applied research and NPD project, is made, including a theoretical discussion and case studies.
A gestão educacional no Município de Araraquara: a questão dos Conselhos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-09-01) Ramacciotti, Juliana Aparecida Marinho Aldred; Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1005048820801515
This work introduces a study of the implementation and running of the councils of popular participation related to the educational area in the Municipal Corporation of Araraquara. Since the possession of the affiliation designated as Democratic and Popular Front, in 2001, guided by the Workers Party (PT), and still formed by the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) and the Communist Party of Brazil (PC do B), the policy adopted is the decentralization one, assumed as being the best way for democratization in the public power scope. Since the beginning in 2001, the administration of the Democratic and Popular Front showed preoccupation in amplifying the spaces for popular participation. With the motto The Society Generating Public Policies , it instituted several Municipal Councils and restructured those who already existed. There are in this Municipal Corporation three councils directly related to education that were analyzed: the Municipal Council of Education, the Council of School Nourishment and the Municipal Council of Attendance and Social Control of the Maintenance and Development Fund of Elementary School and Valorization of Teacher Education (FUNDEF). Through the analysis of documents and observations in some meetings, the work searched for identifying elements for a discussion on the real representativeness that the society has in those councils, in the light of Norberto Nobio s theory on the development of the democracy in the complex current society. The promises non accomplished by the modern democracy, according to Bobbio, added to the essential stages of acting of the council, pursuant Perseu Abramo, were used as a basis for the proposed analysis. Initially, the text shows, briefly, from the historical passage of the Brazilian Politics, from the 60 s to 1988 (Enactment of the Federal Constitution), focusing on the issue of the education democratization in a national scope, after in the State of Sao Paulo and finally in the Municipal Corporation of Araraquara. Then, basing on the data from direct observation and documents, the text tries to demonstrate how the analyzed councils are introduced, their composition, attribution and the possibility of contributing to the democratization of the public administration and to the improvement of governmental policies.
Dinâmica biogeoquímica do estuário do Rio Itajaí-Açú, SC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-09-01) Pereira Filho, Jurandir; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1899580249545454
The Itajaí river estuary, SC, is located in the final portion of Itajaí river watershed, which has a total area of about 15,500 km2. The terminal region of this watershed is characterized by the presence of important cities such as Blumenau and Itajaí. Agriculture is also important, specially irrigated rice culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial-temporal variability of water quality and the nutrient transport and transformation processes in the estuary. A weekly monitoring was carried out from october/2003 to december/2004, along seven estuarine sampling stations, one station in the Itajaí-Mirim river (the main tributary) and one reference station located in a undisturbed area. Activities included measurements of salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and nutrients (NH4 +, NO2 -, NO3 -, PO4 3-, H4SiO4), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total and organic phosphorus (TP and DOP), particulate organic carbon (POC), suspended particulate material (SPM) and chlorophyll-a (Cla). The intratidal nutrient variations was also evaluated in the middle and low estuary, in december/1999. This survey included hourly measurements of the stream velocity, water level, SPM and nutrients in three fixed stations, during 25 hours (2 tidal cycles). Multivariate analysis showed that the main forcing factors causing the system variability were the river discharge, the marine influence, the urbanization and the rice culture. It was proposed that the system can be divided in riverine limit, and high, middle and low estuary. The urbanization was responsible by the spatial variation of the water quality, showing increases in the organic matter (BOD, NH4 +, POC and DOP) and progressive decrease of dissolved oxygen. Despite the effect of dilution by the marine waters, increasing in NH4 + was detected in the low estuary, which is probably related to the urban organic loads and the fisheries processing plants effluents. When the river discharge was low during a long time, increasing in NH4 + and NO2 - and severe decreasing in dissolved oxygen was observed. This situation could be an early indication of hypoxia in the estuary. River discharge increasing resulted in increased SPM, TP, NO3 - and Si. This trend was intensified by high soil exposition in the beginning of the rice culture cycle. In this period there was a decreasing in Si, suggesting influence of rice culture Si uptake. The nutrient budget showed that 50% of PO4 3- input was shifted in the middle and low estuary. This was probably related to adsorption to SPM, once chlorophyll-a in the estuary was relatively low. The non-conservative increase of NH4 + in the low estuary suggest a heterotrophic behavior, once the organic load and turbidity were generally high. The intratidal variation of nutrients showed to be lower than other regional estuaries and also seemed to be influenced by the surrounding area. The tendency of non-conservative increase of NH4 + was also evident and related to salinity values between 5 and 15, which occurred during the water mixing inside the estuary.
Monitoramento em tempo real da morfologia na extrusão da blenda polimérica polipropileno/ nylon 6
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-09-01) Pinheiro, Luís Antonio; Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3497307186044440
The aim of this work is to assess in real time the morphological parameters of polypropylene and polyamide 6 blends during the extrusion process. An optical detector based on the visible light transmitted and extinction principle was assembled in a slit die located at the exit of a twin screw extruder in order to get the changes in the polyamide 6 particle concentration and size. The influence of particle size and concentration was first verified during bench calibration, where it was observed that the light extinction was greater the higher the concentration and the lower the particle size. In the case of mixtures an additional relation concerned to changes in size and density was verified. It was also stated that the detector records the ponderal average size of a set of particles. During extrusion experiments, the analyses were performed in the steady and transient state. In both cases it was verified that normalized signal intensity increases with increasing particle concentration and decreasing the dispersed phase size. Infrared analysis and images obtained from scanning electron microscopy confirmed these results. The correlation between dispersed phase concentration and size with the detector s normalized signal was established through the elaboration of regression equations. The plot of normalized signal as a function of the dispersed phase concentration and size enabled the calculation of the extinction cross section values for the PP/ PA6 blend.