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Professores como agentes de prevenção do abuso sexual infantil: avaliação de um programa de capacitação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-08) Brino, Rachel de Faria; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
The topic of this study is primary and secondary child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention in the educational area. The study goals involved planning, implementation and assessment of an intervention program in which teachers acted as CSA prevention agents. The first study step was the program planning based on others experiences described in the literature. Secondly, the program was implemented with 101 pre-school teachers in São Carlos, Brazil, 2.918 children (teachers students aged 4-6 years), and 2.732 children s family members. The program was implemented twice, with 52 and 49 teachers in the first and second time, respectively. Each group was divided into three sub-groups in order to receive the intervention. The program involved a theoretical section with teachers and a workshop conducted by teachers with children and family members. The third part involved the program assessment. Indicators of Sexual Abuse (IAS) data was obtained from 101 teachers at three different moments: before to the intervention, in the middle and at the end of the intervention. Teachers Drill on Child Abuse Identification data was obtained before and after the intervention. IAS and Family Members Drill on Child Abuse Identification data was obtained from 101 family members before and after the workshops conducted by teachers. The Drill on Self-Protective Skills Acquisition for Children data was obtained from 96 children before and after workshops conducted by teachers. IAS teachers results showed that they increased their knowledge about CSA specific symptoms. However, no changes in teachers knowledge about CSA nonspecific symptoms were observed. There was an increase in the percentage of appropriate answers from teachers in Teachers Drill on Child Abuse Identification. Family members IAS results showed no changes in their knowledge about CSA specific or non-specific symptoms. After the workshops, there was an increase in the percentage of appropriate answers by family members in Family Members Drill on Child Abuse Identification and children s performance in the Drill on Self-Protective Skills Acquisition for Children. In order to assess the impact of the program in the community, the number of CSA cases notified were identified from 2002 to 2005, in São Carlos. The data obtained showed an increase of CSA cases notified after the program, as well as an increase of reported cases involving young children s victimization. Simultaneously with the program, the teachers received consultation on how to identify CSA suspected cases in their schools. When sexual abuse suspicion was confirmed, the case was reported by teachers. In general, the program s assessment had an important impact in the schools and community as well. The need to plan and assess CSA preventive actions in others sectors of society is discussed.
Nanoestruturas de óxido de cobre obtidas por novo método hidrotermal de microondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-08) Almeida, Dawy Keyson de Araújo; Varela, José Arana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1807399214239200; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2492888086278572
Synthesis and characterization of Copper Oxide nanostructured by means of hydrothermal assisted by microwaves were studied in this work. The thermal treatment device was set up by using a domestic microwave oven and a hydrothermal chamber, specially adapted as a hydrothermal reactor. The obtained nanostructures of CuO have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XDR) to determine its crystallinity; by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG) and transmission electron microscopy to characterize the morphology and single crystal nature of nanocrystals formed. The mechanism of nanostructure formed and nanostructure morphology of CuO were studied us a function of processing conditions. For this, the influence of microwave processing, the nature of chemical basis and presence/absence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as template have been considered during the formation of nanostructured CuO. The chemistry reaction for attaining the nanostructure of CuO was studied using stereochemistry concept and computational quantum chemistry. The results had demonstrated that the formation of copper oxide nanostructure depend on the stereochemistry of the template, on the chemical base for hydrothermal treatment and on the use of microwave heating for hydrothermal synthesis.
Aspectos da germinação e da conservação de sementes de espécies do gênero Tabebuia (Bignoniaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-08) Borba Filho, Aluisio Brigido; Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6784147450048477
The genus Tabebuia in the family Bignoniaceae comprises about 100 species, several of which have medicinal, ornamental, and timber value, in addition to their environmental importance. These species produce large amounts of seeds, with a short viability period under natural conditions. In the present research, studies were developed on germination and conservation aspects of seeds in species of the genus Tabebuia. Initially, substrates were evaluated to be used in seed germination tests for the species T. aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook., T. impetiginosa (Mart.) Standl., T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl., T. roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sand., and T. serratifolia (Vahl.) Nich. The following substrates were tested: on sand, on vermiculite, on sand+vermiculite, on paper (two sheets of blotting paper) and between sheets (two sheets of blotting paper under and one sheet over the seeds). For T. impetiginosa seeds, these substrates are suitable for use in germination tests. For the other species, the most suitable substrates were: on sand, on paper, and between sheets for T. aurea; between sheets for T. ochracea and T. roseo-alba; and on sand and between sheets for T. serratifolia. In another study we attempted to identify a suitable condition to store T. roseo-alba and T. impetiginosa seeds, as well as to evaluate methods to estimate alterations in the viability and vigor of those seeds. Different groups of seeds were placed in clear plastic bags, Kraft paper bags, and cans. The seeds were then stored for up to 300 days under laboratory, refrigerator, and refrigerated chamber conditions. Seed water content, germination percentage and velocity, and electric conductivity were determined at the onset of storage and thereafter at every 60 days. The best T. roseo-alba and T. impetiginosa seed conservation condition was obtained with cans maintained in the refrigerator. T. impetiginosa seeds can also be kept in plastic bags, paper bags, or cans when stored in refrigerated chamber. Seed vigor alterations in these species are initially identified based on germination velocity. In the third study, we evaluated accelerated aging effectiveness in detecting vigor variations in T. roseo-alba and T. impetiginosa seeds. Seeds of these species were submitted to accelerated aging under temperatures of 40 or 45ºC, for periods of 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours. After those periods, germination and plantlet emergence tests were conducted, and field emergence index values were calculated. We verified that accelerated aging is effective to detect seed vigor variations in T. roseo-alba and T. impetiginosa. When aging is conducted at 45°C, differences in viability and vigor occur first. Traits such as germination percentage and velocity, plantlet emergence, and incorporated biomass can be recommended as seed vigor indicators, using accelerated aging. Under more drastic accelerated-aging conditions, no correspondence is observed between data obtained in the field and in the laboratory.
Modelos magnéticos com frustração e diluição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-08) Pacobahyba, Josefa Teixeira de Mendonça; Souza, José Ricardo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0521315770932665
In this work, we investigate the effect of dilution and frustration in the thermodynamic properties and the phase diagrams using the quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg and Ising models. We use the Zubarev Green´s function formalism and obtain the magnetic properties of the quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin ½ Heisenberg model. We determine the limit of the stability of the antiferromagnetic phase as a function of the concentration of the holes in the CuO2 plane and dilution of the Cu by Zn. We simulate the point of maximum of the phase diagram in the plane (T,z) following the experimental data for the La2-xSrxCu1-zZnzO4 compounds. In the Heisenberg model the effect of the frustration is simulated by the parameter λ=λ0(1-x/xc), which measures the interaction between the CuO2 planes. The effect of dilution present in the xy-plane is described theoretically by a small value for z through an effective interaction J(1-z) (mean field approach). We extend the present formalism to include long-range interaction in the antiferromagnetic one-dimensional Heisenberg frustrated model and verify the absence of magnetic order for p>1 (where p is the decay interaction parameter, i.e., Jn=J/np). We also study the thermodynamic properties of the quenched decorated diluted Ising model with competitive interactions, using the differential operator technique with the effective field. The decorated Ising model with competitive interactions used is herein to describe the magnetic properties of the copper-oxide plane containing superconductor compounds in the insulating phase (antiferromagnetic). The model consists of planes in which the nodal spins interact antiferromagnetically (JA<0) with their nearest-neighbors, and ferromagnetically (JF>0) with the quenched spins that decorate the bonds (simulating the Cu-O interaction), and distributed randomly over the two-dimensional lattice. The planes interact antiferromagnetically with weak-exchange interaction (i.e., ). Moreover, in our model some magnetic sites (atoms of Cu) are substituted by non-magnetic sites. We study the thermodynamic properties of the system and the limit of antiferromagnetic stability in the phase diagrams (T,p) and (T,z), for some values of the frustration parameter (α= J ' = λ ,λ = 10−5 A A J J A\JF) and magnetic field. We observe for some values α, the system presents a reentrant behavior in low temperatures, which also is reflected in the thermodynamic properties.