Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2006-12-19"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 22033

Sistemas de produção agroalimentas: arquitetura para as funções de planejamento e controle da produção.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-19)
Scarpelli, Moacir
;
Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5780008740151307
The role of the agribusiness has been extremely important in the context of the Brazilian production in terms of both economic values and employment generation. However, the agribusiness specific characteristics have not been sufficiently considered in the literature and even in the development of Production Planning and Control Systems. This thesis is an attempt to fulfill this lack. Two basic aspects were taken into consideration. First, the thesis provides a classification system that allows for identifying those enterprises according to their special characteristics. Second, the architecture of a Planning and Control System is proposed in order to address the main needs of agri-industries, which are dedicated to the raw material splitting up, such as slaughterhouses and mills. In that architecture, it is particularly taken into account demand forecasting and raw material availability restriction. Also, a rule of master production scheduling have been built taking into consideration the simultaneous generation of co-products, which can or not to be immediately needed.
A expansão do ensino de Direito: massificação que desqualifica ou democratização a serviço da prática da justiça no Brasil?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-19)
Almeida Júnior, Fernando Frederico de
;
Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2042301900081947
The intention of this work is to inquire if contradictions are penetrating the education of the Right in the country, to understand its process of mercantilism and technicality and to study the consequences that laborious education of the Right can generate, everything without forgetting that the combination between the society urban-industrial and the democratic State of Right, after 1988, increased the economic contradictions, social and typically capitalist politics and, therefore, increased the demands for the services named "operators of the law". It was analyzed, that, the existing relations between histories of Brazil, the Right and legal education, adopting a description-critical vision. The research presented initially gave brief considerations to the history of Brazil and its relation with the Right, discourse concerning the Portuguese magistrate of the colonial period and the graduate-jurist of XIX and XX centuries, as well as the subordination of the "operators of the law" to the interests of the hegemonic elites at each moment. It became, after that, a referring, data-collecting to all the implanted courses of the Right until the present, proceeding to an approach by geographic region and, inside of them, for an unit of the federacy, differentiating, still, the private institutions of the public. It was elaborated, at this moment, a brief case study on a public university. It was looked into, to identify the entities related with the education of the Right in the country and its legal and/or statutory attributions, also scoring the moments where such people can and/or must intervene with the creation and management of the institutions of superior education, as well as with which half are endowed with checking into these. The research continued with the study of the objectives of the education of the Right, looking to identify its real function in Brazil. History demonstrates that the State and the professionals of the Right in Brazil effectively had never been worried about the poverty, or the "forgotten", with the excluded ones, with the great mass of the population. They had always been protective of an elitist legalism that moved them away from the Brazilian historical reality, what has occurred until the present. The yearnings of the population for a life improvement, for more respect and dignity, had generated very elitist demand that attracted the private initiative for a market until then little explored and superior education. Consequence of this was the proliferation of the private superior courses in the country, also the courses of the Right. Such proliferation is imposed and must be accepted by the State and the professional organizations. To the State it only remains to check the quality of offered education. To the professional organizations its only charge is to select those that will be able to exert definitive professions. Both are hindered to restrict the opening of courses with foundations that disrespect the disposed in the Great Charter. The proliferation of the courses of the Right with certainty will increase the respect to the rights of the excluded and, therefore, it will improve the practical one of justice in the country. The opening of new courses of graduation for the Right and the subsequent increase of the possibility of more people to graduate in legal sciences, it constitutes a small step in direction to the practical one of justice in Brazil, to the reduction of the social inequalities and to the rise of the dignity for human being of the Brazilian.
O comportamento da demanda e suas implicações na gestão de operações: um estudo de caso de uma empresa de eletrodomésticos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-19)
Soares, Hugo Freneda
;
Pereira, Neocles Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
The high competitiveness imposed by the current market characterized by the global competition and by consumer requirements, have been causing more complexity in the enterprise management. Because of that, the increase in the diversity of products offered to the market, and the availability of these products at the precise time and number, have become important competitive plus. We can add to these factors others previously existent, as price and quality, equally important. The forecasting management is the determinant function to this environment, in order to achieve the required availability, with cost efficiency. This function consists of the historical data explains and the consumers future behavior. The areas more directly connected to forecasting management are: (a) Marketing, (b) Production Control Planning, (c) Manufacturing, (d) Material Control Planning, (e) Logistic, (f) Supply Chain. In this way, observing the current enterprise difficulties, this research has the goal to analyze in details the forecasting management matter, an then identify better operations management practices. In order to better feature the issue, a case study has been carried out at a white goods company in Brazil. The case study acknowledged the importance of forecasting for operations. Furthermore, good practices have been identified to help the production manager work.
Estudo de condições operacionais na produção de penicilina G acilase por diferentes microrganismos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-20)
Oguri, Renata Tieko
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9847634405993955
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is an enzyme of major impact in human health for catalyzing the deacilation of the penicillin G, to yield 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), key intermediate in the semi-synthetic antibiotics production. Several microorganisms produce PGA, but Bacillus megaterium is capable of secreting it to the medium. PGA from B. megaterium has been studied in DEQ-UFSCar. Xanthomonas campestris presents in your DNA the genetic sequence that codify acylase penicillin and tests with a strain of this microorganism from Departamento de Genética e Evolução da UFSCar showed PGA extracellular production. Studies in PGA production were initiated with the microorganism stored in DEQ-UFSCar. At the same time, strains of X. campestris from Coleção de Culturas Tropical (CCT) and Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR) were tested. However, assays with these strains showed little cellular growth and no enzymatic activity. The microorganism reactivated was send to Fundação André Toselo for identification. The result showed that the microorganism was Bacillus megaterium. Therefore, at the same time that realized adaptations tries with the new strain of X. campestris, studies of production operational conditions of PGA were performed with strain of Bacillus megaterium, in shaking flasks and bioreactor, as well the enzyme characterization Germination/ propagation of B. megaterium experiments, at 30°C, carried out in shaking flasks showed that the growth time of microorganism in the inoculum step was 24 hours and maximum specific growth rate was µmáx = 0.33h-1. Assays in shaking flasks were carried out in shaker at 30ºC and 300 rpm intend to determine the most adequate pH for the enzyme production in both, microorganism propagation phase and enzyme production phase The results showed that the best pHs among the tested ones were pH 8.0 and 7.0, for the propagation and production phases, respectively, with 355 IU/L. The culture medium with preferentially consumed amino acids 20,0 g/L, potassium phenylacetate 3,5 g/L, solution with differents salts 0,22 g/L and cheese whey 20,0 g/L was the more efficient in PGA production, carried out maximum cellular growth and enzymatic activity, 4,59 g/L and 592UI/L, respectively, in 36 hours. Assays in a 2-L bioreactor, with production medium in the presence of amino acids preferably consumed 10.0 g/L, cheese whey 20.0 g/L, solution of salts 0.22 g/L and inducer potassium phenylacetate 3.5 g/L, indicated that the addition of nutrients during the fermentation is a efficient strategy, providing enzyme production increase. In the study of the influence of oxygen dissolved, carried out in bioreactor too, maximum enzymatic activity was 451 IU/L with 10% of saturation. Moreover, the maximum enzyme production was observed in the bioreactor and not in shaking flasks, like in all experiments until this. In the stage of characterization of the penicillin G acylase from Bacillus megaterium, optimum values of temperature and pH were, 47°C and 8.0, respectively. The Michaelis Menten model fitted resulting in estimated Km and Vmáx parameters values of 1.51 mM and 1.1*10-3 mmol/min*IU, respectively. The activation energy estimated was 27.12 KJ/mol.The results showed that PGA from Bacillus megaterium deactivate completely after 45 minutes of incubation at 60°C and 90 minutes in pH 11.0.
Estudo de oportunidades de reúso de águas residuárias em campi universitários - estudo de caso da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-20)
Antoniosi, Patricia Maria Pedro Bom
;
Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
;
Water, one of the most important natural resources necessary to the man’s life, is in the planet distributed irregularly and committed by its bad use. Several sections look for solutions for the subjects of the shortage of the resources, But the population don t notice its importance inside of the chain consumption and generation of residues, it still intensifies more the problem. For its appropriate administration, seeking the sustainability and the development, conferences on environment brought the surface many ways to reached those objects, explaining concepts of consumption reduction, reuse and recycling. This work aims to integrate those concepts inside of the systems of water supply how principal objective the reuse of the water resources, The wastewaters are a alternative source for the supplying in human activities. The Universidade Federal de São Carlos was chosen, for having uses of many natures and production of the more differentiated types of waters reuse. Through listings, characterizing the uses of the water, they were lifted up the generating activities of the possible water for the reuse and the consuming activities to the campus already existent in São Carlos, identifying the possible opportunities of reuse or recycle the wastewaters inside of the university. Seen the great potentiality of applying wastewaters in some activities in universities, the new project of the campus of Sorocaba, segregated systems of sewer and It was proposed a reservoir of water supply with double camera for drinking water and reuse water, in same structure and supplying the whole university, improving a economy of the water and electric power resource.
Relação parasito-hospedeiro entre pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus e o ectoparasito Dolops carvalhoi (Lemos de Castro, 1949): respostas fisiológicas, morfofuncionais e do sistema imune não-adaptativo do hospedeiro frente à infestação experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-21)
Castro, Fabio de Jesus
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5407636112390186
The freshwater fish louse Dolops carvalhoi is an ectoparasite of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus capable of causing substantial damage to its hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate some aspects of the host-parasite interaction between these two species. For this purpose the physiological and morphological responses and the participation of the non-adaptive immune system of pacu to the experimental infestation with D. carvalhoi were analyzed. Three different experimental protocols were designed in order to find out the effects of the parasites on their hosts, the host responses that may interfere with parasite establishment and the influence of chronic exposure of hosts with juvenile D. carvalhoi to a second acute stressor of confinement. The results showed that even low level of adult parasite infestation is capable to induce a stress response in the hosts. No changes were observed regarding the plasma osmoregulatory parameters, while an increased number of gill chloride cells and enhanced N+/K+-ATPase activity suggested that gill adaptive adjustments may be responsible for the maintenance of hydromineral homeostasis in P. mesopotamicus during the stressful situation imposed by parasites. The infestation also induced changes in the frequency of circulating blood defense cells and in the epidermis morphology of the hosts. These responses were considered to be adaptive and they points out to the activation and participation of the non-specific immune system during the time course of infestation. Hosts which have experienced a previous D. carvalhoi infestation displayed a lower infestation density and different patterns of physiological, morphological and immunological responses when they were submitted to a re-infestation. Macrophages were activated in both infested and previously infested fish. The increased density of mucous cells in the epidermis of previously infested fish suggests the participation of mucus in the defense mechanisms and possibly in the parasite detachment. Chronic infestation with juvenile parasites did not induce a stress response in the hosts. On the other hand, they were capable of modulating the stress response of fish to a second acute stressor. In conclusion, infestation with D. carvalhoi induced physiological and morphological responses in P. mesopotamicus, which were considered to be adaptive, and activated the non-adaptive immune mechanisms of the hosts in order to cope with the stress and damages imposed by parasites.
Alterações morfofuncionais e metabólicas no teleósteo de água doce matrinxã, Brycon cephalus (Günther, 1869) exposto ao organofosforado metil paration (Folisuper 600BR®)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-12-22)
Barreto, Tiago de Rezende
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6655221097767430
The xenobiotics influxes into the aquatic systems are continuous increasing in Brazil due to their use in the agriculture and to control insects in aquaculture. In the present study was evaluated if the exposure of the freshwater teleost fish matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) to sublethal concentration of the organophosphorus pesticides methylparathion (MP) induce morphofunctional changes in the interrenal cells and in the gills as well as metabolic changes in this species. Specimens of matrinxã were divided in two groups with 7 animals in each one and kept in aquarium with 200L. One of them was the control group and was kept in water without the presence of MP and the other was the MP group and was exposed to 2 ppm of methyl parathion during 96 hours. Food was suspended for both groups 24 hours before the transference of fish to their respective aquarium and fish were maintained 12 hours in the aquarium for acclimatizing before experiments. Fish exposed to MP reduced the swimming activity and histological changes were observed in the interrenal cells as increasing of cell and nucleus areas and also the ration nucleus area/cellular area indicating an increase of cell activity, which cortisol is the major corticoid produced by these cells. Plasma cortisol also increased in fish exposed to MP. The histological changes in the gills were classified as slight to moderate. The hematological analysis support it hypothesis as no change was found in the blood hematology and in their indexes. Glucose concentration in plasma increased in fish exposed to MP while it decreased in the liver. Lactate concentration decreased in plasma and liver of animals exposed to MP suggesting an absence of internal hypoxia and supports the indication that the gill function was partially maintained. Piruvate concentration did not change, but the ammonia levels increased in plasma and liver in fish exposed to 96h to MP. These results suggest that gluconeogenesis occurred and the high level of glucose was kept high to maintain the energy supply to tissues. In conclusion, the results evidenced that the exposure to 2 ppm of methyl parathion caused an increase of area of interrenal cells suggesting the activation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Interrenal axis e slight to moderate changes in the gill tissues although they partially kept their function. The changes in liver metabolism are probably related to the increase of energy demand of fish.
Planejamento de experimentos bayesianos: aplicações em experimentos na presença de tendências lineares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-11)
Lima, Luis Gustavo Guedes Bessa
;
Achcar, Jorge Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3125027713681936
We present a general introduction in the construction of experimental design, spe- cially a general factorial design and factorial design 2k and some Bayesian criteria in the construction of experimental design. In practice, usually the researcher can have a priori knowledge of specialists for estimated quantities from an experiment. The use of Bayesian methods can take on best results with low costs. Many Bayesian criteria in- troduced in literature are presented. One of the main applications in the experimental design construction involve the existance of linear trends with objective of verifying the best sequence of runs, specially the factorial designs with eight runs. In this disertation, we introduce some basic concepts in design of experiments and the use of the Bayesian approach to have more e¢ cient and less cost experiments. The main goal of the work, is to consider a special case of great importance in applied indistrial work: the presence of linear trend. In this case, we present a comparative study in design of experiments under the classical and Bayesian approaches.
Estimação do Value at Risk via enfoque bayesiano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-26)
Marques, Felipe Tumenas
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3675095654301312
The continuous development of new financial instruments brings more and more investment options for market participants. These investment options also bring a bigger necessity to evaluate the risk embedded in these new financial instruments. Risk Analysis can be defined as an attempt to measure the uncertainty degree in the attainment of the expected return in a financial application and the standard measure to evaluate financial risk is the Value at Risk. This work aims to develop a new approach to estimate the Value at Risk, considering both the market data and the specialists´ opinion.
Determinantes da informalidade no sistema agroindustrial do leite na região de São Carlos / SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-26)
Bánkuti, Ferenc Istvan
;
Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2284132076169078
Informality in Brazilian milk market is high and involves social and economical problems. This thesis aims to identify potential determinants of informal milk and cheese trade in the region of São Carlos /SP. It presents a descriptive statistical analysis for a set of social-economical and transactional indicators comparing two groups of rural producers: one of predominantly formal producers and another with producers highly inserted in the informal market. Moreover, transaction costs between rural producers and downstream agents in the milk chain are measured and analyzed. It is also presented institutional and organizational environments characteristics that motivate rural producer participation in the informal market and/or hinder their access to formal market. As theoretical support, it has been considered the theories of New Institutional Economics (NIE) and Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), as well as theories regarding illegal markets. Also, it has been used secondary data and literature review on milk agribusiness system. Besides that, 125 rural milk producers in the region of São Carlos/SP have been interviewed and key-agents, inserted in the regional milk agribusiness system, have provided qualitative information. It has been concluded that informality in milk market in that region is mainly due to farmers strategy of achieving better prices. Such strategy is taken either when producers trade exclusively in the informal market, or when producers trade simultaneously in formal and informal markets, thus working with a price mix. Informality is also determined by elements of informal and formal institutional environments (e.g. cultural aspects and weak enforcement mechanisms of formal fiscalization system). The measurement of transaction costs between rural producers and downstream agents has shown they are low and little representative, which indicates that such costs are not determinants of milk informality in the region. Besides that, most indicators analyzed have not been considered barriers to access formal market. Finally, it has been verified that informality is not restricted to rural producers on the margins of legal system, such as those infringing sanitary laws; instead, informality is also carried out by producers inserted in the formal market too.
Estudo da imobilização de celulase em géis de quitosana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-29)
Martins, Rafael Elias
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0792538389469353
Cellulases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose producing glucose. Immobilization and stabilization of these enzymes could improve enzymatic process making it more attractive by reducing costs during their use. In this work, Celluclast (Novozymes A/S, Denmark) and CG 200 (Genencor) were immobilized into chitosan and into a chitosan/alginate hybrid support, after activation of the support with glutaraldehyde and glycidol under different conditions of immobilization such as temperature and pH. Immobilization process was evaluated by calculating the immobilization yield, coupling yield and thermal stability at 65°C. Temperature and pH optimum of enzymatic activity were analyzed as well. The best derivatives were obtained with chitosan alginate activated with glycidol, after immobilization at 27°C, pH 7.0, for 16 hours. The biocatalyst presented 56.3% of immobilization yield, 40.6% of coupling yield and it 11.2 fold more stable than free enzyme at 65°C. The temperature and pH for maximum activity of the derivatives and soluble enzyme was 60°C and 50°C, pH 2.5-3.0 and 4.2, respectively. Finally, the performance of the best biocatalyst developed in this work in the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was compared to one observed using soluble enzyme. Although a higher conversion has been obtained with soluble enzyme in the beginning of the reaction, the immobilized enzyme allowed to reach a higher final conversion, 70%, than the one obtained with free Celluclast, 38.9%.
Geração de pontos de casos de uso no ambiente Cocar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-29)
Martins, Marcos Danilo Chiodi
;
Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7984293538352464
The objective of this paper was to implement an initial version of a development support environment named COCAR based on the Use Case Model. Even though the conception and some features of this environment are the outcome of several other master papers, this work emphasises the relevance of the Use Case Point metric (PCU). This metric strengthens the usage of estimates which are of fundamental importance for the calculation of a system development time. Furthermore, such a metric is associated to one of the main drivers of a software product quality, which is the ability to meet delivery time. With the advent of the object oriented development paradigm, the Use Case Point metric based on the Use Case Model has been highlighted. However, given the lack of formality and standardization, specifying and building these models a PCU metric may be jeopardized. In the scope of this work, there have been relevant contributions to building such an environment implementing a technique called TUCCA which helps with the model standardization, a functionality that supports the insertion of system requirements in the environment and the generation of PCU as in the model generated by TUCCA application. In the assessment process of the COCAR environment an informal case study, in which a specification of actual software from a development company, has been carried out, producing Use Case Models, PCU s and effort estimates, both compared against the industry benchmarks. The results of this research showed that for this particular situation the output from the COCAR environment were very close to those defined by the industry.
Avaliação prévia de um paradigma urbano emergente: Ecovila Clareando, Piracaia, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-30)
Brogna, Rodrigo Cesar
;
Francisco, José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7254907642171717
This work has as objective to present a previous evaluation of techniques and guidelines of the Urban Drawing of a Ecovillage in way that, they serve as subsidy for elaboration of technician-scientific referential for the development of projects in areas of special ambient interest or areas of protection of superficial sources that suffer with the pressure for the urbanization and need prevention to its impacts. As study object it was opted to the previous evaluation of the Ecovillage Clareando in Piracaia-SP. that it possesses two factors that belong to the estimated one of this work. The first factor is its localization in Area of Ambient Protection of the Cantareira System of the SABESP, what it demanded an urban design that respects the cycle of the water and, the second, is the requirement in if occupying the place using itself of techniques that minimize the impacts of the urbanization and promote the ambient sustainability of the place praised by Agenda 21. The methodology used in the analysis was divided in three parts: historical bibliographical research and techniques on the relation between urban drawing and environment, data-collecting on the Ecovillage Clareando using some informative resources (as visits, photos and maps of the place) e, finally, the organization of the data in clarifying boxes, presentation of a methodology of urban design and consideration on the study object. As results, techniques of urban design are presented, the adequacy of the project to the urban site, the typology of reticule, the configuration of the lots, the tracing of the ways, the choice of the pavement, the treatment of liquid residues, the treatment of the landscape, the code of workmanships and the obstacles to the occupation of the place.
Estudo da incidência de falhas visando a melhoria da qualidade dos sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-30)
Conceição, Alessandro Pucci da
;
Amorim, Simar Vieira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264867164852836
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790839643154446
Several factors have been demanding from the building enterprises to search for better quality in their gerencial organization, methods and construtive techniques have been used, like the cost reductions for their permanency in the market, trough the rationalize of their process and the legal aspects of the Consumer Defense Code, among others. For that a building execute the requisits related to the aspects of performance from their functions during their utilization, is necessary during their life, to use a pre-determinated plan of maintenance, that must be seen as another stage of the constructions process, as well as the conception stage, project and building execution. The construction building patology study, is a fundamental instrument to be possible to identify and to understand the falilure incident on performance during the utilization of the buildings components.The present production tryed to show the performance requirements in two medium to high standard entrerprise buildings, that has norms and procedure of quality control. Information were utilized from the project stage until the execution and post-occupancy stage of the enterprise, with purpose to localize possibles pathologies in fase of utilization, and track them with their history of projects or with sistem and construtive procedure. Based on information obtained in this study, the results were realized with the purpose of systemaze the information to elaborate the grafics and other tools to enable a better comprehension of problems detected.Through the results obtained, together with the project studied and construtives methods adopted trought the building enterprise, were realized the Identification and the caracterization of the main pathology . The objective of this production is to provide information to searches in this pathologies in the Hydraulics and Sanitary buildings Systems and buildings enterprises to aim to aid on control and syatematizing the necessaries maintenance, to prevent the same problems in future buildings executed by the enterprises and the executer of theses systems.
A fauna de Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila Densa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Nunes, Juliano Fiorelini
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3009645420008438
Keystone species include parasitic wasps, which are natural enemies of phytophagous insects. The Atlantic Rain Forest holds an astonishing abundance of Doryctinae subfamily (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and this study focused on this group due to its potential indicating environmental changes and its understudied diversity. The sampling sites were designed by the project: Richness and Diversity of Hymenoptera and Isoptera along a latitudinal gradient in Atlantic Rain Forest the pluvial eastern forest from Brazil (BIOTA/FAPESP-Process nº. 1998/05083-0). It was employed three sampling techniques: Malaise traps (passive sample method), Moericke traps (attractive one) and sweeping of vegetation (active one). A single sampling pattern was established to allow the comparison among methods. Doryctinae was identified in the generic level; the occurrence frequency and Diversity and Evenness Indexes were calculated to verify the distribution of Doryctinae in Atlantic Rain Forest. Linear and polynomial regressions were applied to the dispersion curves to verify correlations among data and latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Rain Forest. The total specimens captured were 12,249, identified in 41 genera, six recorded as new. Santa Lúcia Biological Station, at Santa Teresa district (ES) showed the highest occurrence frequency of Doryctinae specimens, 13.5% (1.651) and genera richness (23). The highest values of Diversity Index were found at Santa Luzia do Itanhy (SE) and Santa Maria Madalena (RJ) (1.02 nats). São Bento do Sul (SC) was the more homogeneous site (52.15% of Evenness). Heterospilus Haliday was the more abundant genus, with more than 80% of the total specimens captured (10.154). Santa Teresa (ES) was the site with more exclusive genera, six. Two new exclusive genera was identified at Santa Maria Madalena (RJ) (Gênero Novo 2 e Gênero Novo 4), as well as at Santa Luzia do Itanhy (SE) (Gênero Novo 5 e Gênero Novo 6) and at Mata de São João (BA) (Gênero Novo 3). Sweeping of vegetation was the technique with more specimens captured (8,566) and more different genera identified (37). Trends lines obtained by simple linear regressions indicated no association among latitude and analyzed variables. In applied polynomial trend lines, suggested a latitudinal pattern for the Doryctinae, which showed high values of abundance, richness and diversity at median latitudes, between 15ºS and 20ºS. The total number of the Doryctinae valid genera until now is 179; from those, 97 occur in Neotropical region and 80 in Brazil, where the greatest number of genera records is found. 29 new genera from Brazil were confirmed, however not published yet. Diagnose of six new genera from the Atlantic Rain Forest is presented as well as their position on the identification guide of Doryctinae genera from the New World (MARSH, 1997). Although only 7% of its original vegetal cover is left, we verify an abundant and genera-rich Doryctinae community in Atlantic Rain Forest.
A informatização da biblioteca da UFSCar e o impacto causado nos trabalhadores devido a mudanças nas rotinas de trabalho: um estudo de caso.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Rizzo, Sheila Regina
;
Grün, Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3045571201840558
The work and its organization are suffering continually modifications front to the new requirements from the contemporary society. The insertion of new information and communication technologies in the productive processes directs new studies to better understand the logic behind the transformation process and the work organization. The proposal is to study analytically and qualitatively the transformation of the work generated from the insertion of information and communication technologies in the productive processes, as well as the difficulties experienced by the workers. The focus inside the service sector is realized by the study of the Communitarian Library of the Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) as organization. By the ethnography descriptive methodology, the analysis is made to identify how the library have changed and continue to modify itself with the introduction of information and communication technologies in its products and services and how the employees have been dealing with the difficulties generated by this process.
Análise das estratégias de movimento adotadas durante a realização de manuseio de carga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Carregaro, Rodrigo Luiz
;
Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8631547579695270
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2638841180115631
Despite recent technological advances, occupational activities of manual nature are still essential in many sectors and industries. Such activities impose risky conditions, which are inherent to its nature and can be responsible for musculoskeletal injuries. In addiction, the complexity and the interaction of risk factors, many still not comprehended, that act together during the performance of manual material handlings confer challenges and stimulations to the preventive approach. In this way, two main studies (Studies I and II) and two unfolding studies had been carried through. The main studies contextualized the hamstrings flexibility and its influence on the performance of occupational tasks. The objectives of Study I had been to compare the results of two clinical tests used to evaluate hamstrings flexibility and to evaluate the reliability of the photogrammetric procedure adopted for the analysis. The fingertip-to-floor test and straight leg raise test were applied in 35 healthy male subjects. Based on tests results, subjects were divided into two groups: normal and reduced flexibility. Superficial anatomical landmarks were fixed on bony references by means of manual palpation in order to permit the tracing of the hip, thoracic-lumbar, leg, knee and tibio-tarsal angles. The student t test was applied to evaluate the differences between the two groups, for each variable. Findings showed that hip angle was significant lower at the reduced flexibility group and that the straight leg raise test was more sensible for detecting subjects with reduced flexibility. The aim of Study II was to evaluate the influence of hamstrings flexibility on the movement strategy of the trunk and pelvis adopted by healthy subjects during the performance of the manual handling. Subjects were divided into two groups, based on the straight leg raise test. A JVC digital camera with a sampling of 50 frames/second and positioned perpendicularly to the sagittal plane of the subjects was used to register the activity. The cross-correlation coefficient was used to quantify movement patterns relationship between groups, and the student t test applied to the movement variables in order to determine differences between groups. The results had demonstrated that subjects with reduced flexibility used a lesser pelvic amplitude and bigger amplitudes of the trunk during handling. Still, subjects with reduced flexibility adopted a retroverted movement of the pelvis, without great alterations during the activity. The unfolding studies contextualized the comparison of the strategies adopted by subjects with experience in load handling activities and inexperienced individuals. The Study III had as objective to evaluate the manual handling performed by 16 experienced subjects and 15 inexperienced ones. It was used a flexible electrogoniometer to measure trunk movements and the University of Michigan 3D software to estimate the intradiscal compression in L5/S1 during the handling. The normalized movement patterns were evaluated and the coefficient of variation was applied to quantify the variability of this movement. The student t test determined the differences between variables. Results pointed out to great variability of adopted postures. Smaller amplitudes of flexion had been found, but bigger amplitudes of trunk extension when the loads were deposited, respectively, in low and high surfaces for experienced individuals. Experienced subjects presented lower intradiscal compression during box deposition and the lowering task was characterized by the highest intradiscal compression. Study IV aimed to compare manual handling strategies adopted by experienced and inexperienced subjects with relation to the positioning of the feet and trunk during lowering and inclination of the box during lowering and lifting activities. Ten experienced workers and 10 subjects without professional experience with the handling activity had been selected. The manual handling carried out between different heights was filmed. By means of one edition software, the images referring to the instant of 50% of the task had been selected and used to classify the postures and to measure the inclination of the box. An ANOVA with 3 factors was used to evaluate the inclination of the box with relation to the experience, handled load and type of handling (lifting and lowering). The results had indicated that subjects with professional experience adopted strategies characterized by biggest inclination of the box and adoption of balanced postures of the trunk, with widening of the support base. Professional experience determined the adoption of different movement strategies, when compared to inexperienced ones, in response to task conditions. However, other studies are suggested in order to determine if such strategies were protective or risky ones. The results presented in this dissertation raise the hypothesis that hamstrings flexibility is a risk factor for the increase of trunk overload, during the performance of manual material handling.
Extensões de distribuições quase-homogêneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Bonfante, Elaine
;
Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347
In this dissertation the author proves two results of extensions for IRn of distribution solutions in IRn{0} of the operator Lλ,a = n ∑ i=1 λixi@xi − a, with λ = (λ1, . . . , λn) E Rn + and a E C.
Comparação da qualidade de vida de mulheres pós-menopausa acometidas ou não por osteoporose e fratura de quadril
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Navega, Marcelo Tavella
;
Oishi, Jorge
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1153464448003029
The aim this study was to investigate the quality of life among postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis, sudden or not hip fracture, contribute to better understand about influence of the osteoporosis, hip fracture and institutionalization of the quality of life of the women with osteoporosis. Two studies were carried. The first, to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the post-menopausal women with or without osteoporosis through of the SF-36 and OPAQ questionnaire. Two groups were formed, with 21 volunteers each: Group 1 with women without osteoporosis (64,38 ± 4,24 years); and Group 2 with osteoporotic women (67,81 ± 4,19 years). The components Role Physical and General Health showed significant difference (p <0,05) between the groups, with better score to women without osteoporosis. No other differences were found in the SF-36 questionnaire. In the others 6 components, the values showed by two groups do not were significant difference. This form to conclude that post-menopausal women with osteoporosis and physical active can have a quality of life similar to the postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. In the second study, To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the post-menopausal women with osteoporosis, with or without hip fracture, were formed four groups: Group 1: 16 women without hip fracture and sedentary (67,80 ± 3,93 years); Group 2: 20 women without hip fracture and physical active (67,75 ± 4,29 years); Group 3: 20 women with hip fracture and non-institutionalized (70,65 ± 4,53 years); Group 4: 20 women with hip fracture and institutionalized (77,55 ± 6,8 years). The Results showed that the HRQoL of the post-menopausal women with hip fracture and institutionalized is, in general form, worst than non-institutionalized women with osteoporosis physical active, suggest hip fracture in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis to challenge a deteribration in the health-related quality of life, and the institutionalized of the sudden attack to able to contribute for greater decadence of the quality of life. The results of the ours study showed is possible have a good health-related quality of life after osteoporosis diagnostic, principal don t have hip fractures
Aplicação das técnicas espectroscópicas de RMN e IV e de métodos quimiométricos na quimiotaxonomia de liquens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Alcantara, Glaucia Braz
;
Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6408676855110487
This present work describes the chemotaxonomic analysis of lichens through the utilization of NMR spectroscopic techniques, HR-MAS and NMR in solution, and IR allied with chemometrics methods. This analysis were carried out with eleven species set of lichens divided in two families and six genera. The HR-MAS NMR spectra together the chemometric, obtained from intact vegetal material, present the discrimination between the families, genera and species and the classification percentage was much satisfactory (70,8%). The analyzed substances include the carbohydrates class of low molecular-weight, the polyols. The NMR in solution analysis, corresponding to crude extracts, present the discrimination between genera and species and the classification was excellent (88,9%). In this analysis, where the secondary metabolites of lichens are evaluated, was realized the identification of some substances in mixture. The analysis by infrared spectroscopy (IR), also obtained from intact material, was detached by the excellent power of samples classification (100% of correct prediction), with discrimination between genera and species. The comparative application of this techniques confirm the results obtained separately, and point for a great potentiality of IR in chemotaxonomic analysis of lichens, due its quickness and low price, however the NMR techniques are more attractive when desire the circumstantial analysis of spectral profile.