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Planejamento de experimentos bayesianos: aplicações em experimentos na presença de tendências lineares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-11)
Lima, Luis Gustavo Guedes Bessa
;
Achcar, Jorge Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3125027713681936
We present a general introduction in the construction of experimental design, spe- cially a general factorial design and factorial design 2k and some Bayesian criteria in the construction of experimental design. In practice, usually the researcher can have a priori knowledge of specialists for estimated quantities from an experiment. The use of Bayesian methods can take on best results with low costs. Many Bayesian criteria in- troduced in literature are presented. One of the main applications in the experimental design construction involve the existance of linear trends with objective of verifying the best sequence of runs, specially the factorial designs with eight runs. In this disertation, we introduce some basic concepts in design of experiments and the use of the Bayesian approach to have more e¢ cient and less cost experiments. The main goal of the work, is to consider a special case of great importance in applied indistrial work: the presence of linear trend. In this case, we present a comparative study in design of experiments under the classical and Bayesian approaches.
Estimação do Value at Risk via enfoque bayesiano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-26)
Marques, Felipe Tumenas
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3675095654301312
The continuous development of new financial instruments brings more and more investment options for market participants. These investment options also bring a bigger necessity to evaluate the risk embedded in these new financial instruments. Risk Analysis can be defined as an attempt to measure the uncertainty degree in the attainment of the expected return in a financial application and the standard measure to evaluate financial risk is the Value at Risk. This work aims to develop a new approach to estimate the Value at Risk, considering both the market data and the specialists´ opinion.
Determinantes da informalidade no sistema agroindustrial do leite na região de São Carlos / SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-26)
Bánkuti, Ferenc Istvan
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Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2284132076169078
Informality in Brazilian milk market is high and involves social and economical problems. This thesis aims to identify potential determinants of informal milk and cheese trade in the region of São Carlos /SP. It presents a descriptive statistical analysis for a set of social-economical and transactional indicators comparing two groups of rural producers: one of predominantly formal producers and another with producers highly inserted in the informal market. Moreover, transaction costs between rural producers and downstream agents in the milk chain are measured and analyzed. It is also presented institutional and organizational environments characteristics that motivate rural producer participation in the informal market and/or hinder their access to formal market. As theoretical support, it has been considered the theories of New Institutional Economics (NIE) and Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), as well as theories regarding illegal markets. Also, it has been used secondary data and literature review on milk agribusiness system. Besides that, 125 rural milk producers in the region of São Carlos/SP have been interviewed and key-agents, inserted in the regional milk agribusiness system, have provided qualitative information. It has been concluded that informality in milk market in that region is mainly due to farmers strategy of achieving better prices. Such strategy is taken either when producers trade exclusively in the informal market, or when producers trade simultaneously in formal and informal markets, thus working with a price mix. Informality is also determined by elements of informal and formal institutional environments (e.g. cultural aspects and weak enforcement mechanisms of formal fiscalization system). The measurement of transaction costs between rural producers and downstream agents has shown they are low and little representative, which indicates that such costs are not determinants of milk informality in the region. Besides that, most indicators analyzed have not been considered barriers to access formal market. Finally, it has been verified that informality is not restricted to rural producers on the margins of legal system, such as those infringing sanitary laws; instead, informality is also carried out by producers inserted in the formal market too.
Estudo da imobilização de celulase em géis de quitosana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-29)
Martins, Rafael Elias
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0792538389469353
Cellulases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose producing glucose. Immobilization and stabilization of these enzymes could improve enzymatic process making it more attractive by reducing costs during their use. In this work, Celluclast (Novozymes A/S, Denmark) and CG 200 (Genencor) were immobilized into chitosan and into a chitosan/alginate hybrid support, after activation of the support with glutaraldehyde and glycidol under different conditions of immobilization such as temperature and pH. Immobilization process was evaluated by calculating the immobilization yield, coupling yield and thermal stability at 65°C. Temperature and pH optimum of enzymatic activity were analyzed as well. The best derivatives were obtained with chitosan alginate activated with glycidol, after immobilization at 27°C, pH 7.0, for 16 hours. The biocatalyst presented 56.3% of immobilization yield, 40.6% of coupling yield and it 11.2 fold more stable than free enzyme at 65°C. The temperature and pH for maximum activity of the derivatives and soluble enzyme was 60°C and 50°C, pH 2.5-3.0 and 4.2, respectively. Finally, the performance of the best biocatalyst developed in this work in the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was compared to one observed using soluble enzyme. Although a higher conversion has been obtained with soluble enzyme in the beginning of the reaction, the immobilized enzyme allowed to reach a higher final conversion, 70%, than the one obtained with free Celluclast, 38.9%.
Geração de pontos de casos de uso no ambiente Cocar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-29)
Martins, Marcos Danilo Chiodi
;
Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7984293538352464
The objective of this paper was to implement an initial version of a development support environment named COCAR based on the Use Case Model. Even though the conception and some features of this environment are the outcome of several other master papers, this work emphasises the relevance of the Use Case Point metric (PCU). This metric strengthens the usage of estimates which are of fundamental importance for the calculation of a system development time. Furthermore, such a metric is associated to one of the main drivers of a software product quality, which is the ability to meet delivery time. With the advent of the object oriented development paradigm, the Use Case Point metric based on the Use Case Model has been highlighted. However, given the lack of formality and standardization, specifying and building these models a PCU metric may be jeopardized. In the scope of this work, there have been relevant contributions to building such an environment implementing a technique called TUCCA which helps with the model standardization, a functionality that supports the insertion of system requirements in the environment and the generation of PCU as in the model generated by TUCCA application. In the assessment process of the COCAR environment an informal case study, in which a specification of actual software from a development company, has been carried out, producing Use Case Models, PCU s and effort estimates, both compared against the industry benchmarks. The results of this research showed that for this particular situation the output from the COCAR environment were very close to those defined by the industry.
Avaliação prévia de um paradigma urbano emergente: Ecovila Clareando, Piracaia, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-30)
Brogna, Rodrigo Cesar
;
Francisco, José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7254907642171717
This work has as objective to present a previous evaluation of techniques and guidelines of the Urban Drawing of a Ecovillage in way that, they serve as subsidy for elaboration of technician-scientific referential for the development of projects in areas of special ambient interest or areas of protection of superficial sources that suffer with the pressure for the urbanization and need prevention to its impacts. As study object it was opted to the previous evaluation of the Ecovillage Clareando in Piracaia-SP. that it possesses two factors that belong to the estimated one of this work. The first factor is its localization in Area of Ambient Protection of the Cantareira System of the SABESP, what it demanded an urban design that respects the cycle of the water and, the second, is the requirement in if occupying the place using itself of techniques that minimize the impacts of the urbanization and promote the ambient sustainability of the place praised by Agenda 21. The methodology used in the analysis was divided in three parts: historical bibliographical research and techniques on the relation between urban drawing and environment, data-collecting on the Ecovillage Clareando using some informative resources (as visits, photos and maps of the place) e, finally, the organization of the data in clarifying boxes, presentation of a methodology of urban design and consideration on the study object. As results, techniques of urban design are presented, the adequacy of the project to the urban site, the typology of reticule, the configuration of the lots, the tracing of the ways, the choice of the pavement, the treatment of liquid residues, the treatment of the landscape, the code of workmanships and the obstacles to the occupation of the place.
Estudo da incidência de falhas visando a melhoria da qualidade dos sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-01-30)
Conceição, Alessandro Pucci da
;
Amorim, Simar Vieira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264867164852836
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790839643154446
Several factors have been demanding from the building enterprises to search for better quality in their gerencial organization, methods and construtive techniques have been used, like the cost reductions for their permanency in the market, trough the rationalize of their process and the legal aspects of the Consumer Defense Code, among others. For that a building execute the requisits related to the aspects of performance from their functions during their utilization, is necessary during their life, to use a pre-determinated plan of maintenance, that must be seen as another stage of the constructions process, as well as the conception stage, project and building execution. The construction building patology study, is a fundamental instrument to be possible to identify and to understand the falilure incident on performance during the utilization of the buildings components.The present production tryed to show the performance requirements in two medium to high standard entrerprise buildings, that has norms and procedure of quality control. Information were utilized from the project stage until the execution and post-occupancy stage of the enterprise, with purpose to localize possibles pathologies in fase of utilization, and track them with their history of projects or with sistem and construtive procedure. Based on information obtained in this study, the results were realized with the purpose of systemaze the information to elaborate the grafics and other tools to enable a better comprehension of problems detected.Through the results obtained, together with the project studied and construtives methods adopted trought the building enterprise, were realized the Identification and the caracterization of the main pathology . The objective of this production is to provide information to searches in this pathologies in the Hydraulics and Sanitary buildings Systems and buildings enterprises to aim to aid on control and syatematizing the necessaries maintenance, to prevent the same problems in future buildings executed by the enterprises and the executer of theses systems.
A fauna de Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila Densa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Nunes, Juliano Fiorelini
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3009645420008438
Keystone species include parasitic wasps, which are natural enemies of phytophagous insects. The Atlantic Rain Forest holds an astonishing abundance of Doryctinae subfamily (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and this study focused on this group due to its potential indicating environmental changes and its understudied diversity. The sampling sites were designed by the project: Richness and Diversity of Hymenoptera and Isoptera along a latitudinal gradient in Atlantic Rain Forest the pluvial eastern forest from Brazil (BIOTA/FAPESP-Process nº. 1998/05083-0). It was employed three sampling techniques: Malaise traps (passive sample method), Moericke traps (attractive one) and sweeping of vegetation (active one). A single sampling pattern was established to allow the comparison among methods. Doryctinae was identified in the generic level; the occurrence frequency and Diversity and Evenness Indexes were calculated to verify the distribution of Doryctinae in Atlantic Rain Forest. Linear and polynomial regressions were applied to the dispersion curves to verify correlations among data and latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Rain Forest. The total specimens captured were 12,249, identified in 41 genera, six recorded as new. Santa Lúcia Biological Station, at Santa Teresa district (ES) showed the highest occurrence frequency of Doryctinae specimens, 13.5% (1.651) and genera richness (23). The highest values of Diversity Index were found at Santa Luzia do Itanhy (SE) and Santa Maria Madalena (RJ) (1.02 nats). São Bento do Sul (SC) was the more homogeneous site (52.15% of Evenness). Heterospilus Haliday was the more abundant genus, with more than 80% of the total specimens captured (10.154). Santa Teresa (ES) was the site with more exclusive genera, six. Two new exclusive genera was identified at Santa Maria Madalena (RJ) (Gênero Novo 2 e Gênero Novo 4), as well as at Santa Luzia do Itanhy (SE) (Gênero Novo 5 e Gênero Novo 6) and at Mata de São João (BA) (Gênero Novo 3). Sweeping of vegetation was the technique with more specimens captured (8,566) and more different genera identified (37). Trends lines obtained by simple linear regressions indicated no association among latitude and analyzed variables. In applied polynomial trend lines, suggested a latitudinal pattern for the Doryctinae, which showed high values of abundance, richness and diversity at median latitudes, between 15ºS and 20ºS. The total number of the Doryctinae valid genera until now is 179; from those, 97 occur in Neotropical region and 80 in Brazil, where the greatest number of genera records is found. 29 new genera from Brazil were confirmed, however not published yet. Diagnose of six new genera from the Atlantic Rain Forest is presented as well as their position on the identification guide of Doryctinae genera from the New World (MARSH, 1997). Although only 7% of its original vegetal cover is left, we verify an abundant and genera-rich Doryctinae community in Atlantic Rain Forest.
A informatização da biblioteca da UFSCar e o impacto causado nos trabalhadores devido a mudanças nas rotinas de trabalho: um estudo de caso.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Rizzo, Sheila Regina
;
Grün, Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3045571201840558
The work and its organization are suffering continually modifications front to the new requirements from the contemporary society. The insertion of new information and communication technologies in the productive processes directs new studies to better understand the logic behind the transformation process and the work organization. The proposal is to study analytically and qualitatively the transformation of the work generated from the insertion of information and communication technologies in the productive processes, as well as the difficulties experienced by the workers. The focus inside the service sector is realized by the study of the Communitarian Library of the Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) as organization. By the ethnography descriptive methodology, the analysis is made to identify how the library have changed and continue to modify itself with the introduction of information and communication technologies in its products and services and how the employees have been dealing with the difficulties generated by this process.
Análise das estratégias de movimento adotadas durante a realização de manuseio de carga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Carregaro, Rodrigo Luiz
;
Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8631547579695270
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2638841180115631
Despite recent technological advances, occupational activities of manual nature are still essential in many sectors and industries. Such activities impose risky conditions, which are inherent to its nature and can be responsible for musculoskeletal injuries. In addiction, the complexity and the interaction of risk factors, many still not comprehended, that act together during the performance of manual material handlings confer challenges and stimulations to the preventive approach. In this way, two main studies (Studies I and II) and two unfolding studies had been carried through. The main studies contextualized the hamstrings flexibility and its influence on the performance of occupational tasks. The objectives of Study I had been to compare the results of two clinical tests used to evaluate hamstrings flexibility and to evaluate the reliability of the photogrammetric procedure adopted for the analysis. The fingertip-to-floor test and straight leg raise test were applied in 35 healthy male subjects. Based on tests results, subjects were divided into two groups: normal and reduced flexibility. Superficial anatomical landmarks were fixed on bony references by means of manual palpation in order to permit the tracing of the hip, thoracic-lumbar, leg, knee and tibio-tarsal angles. The student t test was applied to evaluate the differences between the two groups, for each variable. Findings showed that hip angle was significant lower at the reduced flexibility group and that the straight leg raise test was more sensible for detecting subjects with reduced flexibility. The aim of Study II was to evaluate the influence of hamstrings flexibility on the movement strategy of the trunk and pelvis adopted by healthy subjects during the performance of the manual handling. Subjects were divided into two groups, based on the straight leg raise test. A JVC digital camera with a sampling of 50 frames/second and positioned perpendicularly to the sagittal plane of the subjects was used to register the activity. The cross-correlation coefficient was used to quantify movement patterns relationship between groups, and the student t test applied to the movement variables in order to determine differences between groups. The results had demonstrated that subjects with reduced flexibility used a lesser pelvic amplitude and bigger amplitudes of the trunk during handling. Still, subjects with reduced flexibility adopted a retroverted movement of the pelvis, without great alterations during the activity. The unfolding studies contextualized the comparison of the strategies adopted by subjects with experience in load handling activities and inexperienced individuals. The Study III had as objective to evaluate the manual handling performed by 16 experienced subjects and 15 inexperienced ones. It was used a flexible electrogoniometer to measure trunk movements and the University of Michigan 3D software to estimate the intradiscal compression in L5/S1 during the handling. The normalized movement patterns were evaluated and the coefficient of variation was applied to quantify the variability of this movement. The student t test determined the differences between variables. Results pointed out to great variability of adopted postures. Smaller amplitudes of flexion had been found, but bigger amplitudes of trunk extension when the loads were deposited, respectively, in low and high surfaces for experienced individuals. Experienced subjects presented lower intradiscal compression during box deposition and the lowering task was characterized by the highest intradiscal compression. Study IV aimed to compare manual handling strategies adopted by experienced and inexperienced subjects with relation to the positioning of the feet and trunk during lowering and inclination of the box during lowering and lifting activities. Ten experienced workers and 10 subjects without professional experience with the handling activity had been selected. The manual handling carried out between different heights was filmed. By means of one edition software, the images referring to the instant of 50% of the task had been selected and used to classify the postures and to measure the inclination of the box. An ANOVA with 3 factors was used to evaluate the inclination of the box with relation to the experience, handled load and type of handling (lifting and lowering). The results had indicated that subjects with professional experience adopted strategies characterized by biggest inclination of the box and adoption of balanced postures of the trunk, with widening of the support base. Professional experience determined the adoption of different movement strategies, when compared to inexperienced ones, in response to task conditions. However, other studies are suggested in order to determine if such strategies were protective or risky ones. The results presented in this dissertation raise the hypothesis that hamstrings flexibility is a risk factor for the increase of trunk overload, during the performance of manual material handling.
Extensões de distribuições quase-homogêneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Bonfante, Elaine
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Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347
In this dissertation the author proves two results of extensions for IRn of distribution solutions in IRn{0} of the operator Lλ,a = n ∑ i=1 λixi@xi − a, with λ = (λ1, . . . , λn) E Rn + and a E C.
Comparação da qualidade de vida de mulheres pós-menopausa acometidas ou não por osteoporose e fratura de quadril
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Navega, Marcelo Tavella
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Oishi, Jorge
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1153464448003029
The aim this study was to investigate the quality of life among postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis, sudden or not hip fracture, contribute to better understand about influence of the osteoporosis, hip fracture and institutionalization of the quality of life of the women with osteoporosis. Two studies were carried. The first, to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the post-menopausal women with or without osteoporosis through of the SF-36 and OPAQ questionnaire. Two groups were formed, with 21 volunteers each: Group 1 with women without osteoporosis (64,38 ± 4,24 years); and Group 2 with osteoporotic women (67,81 ± 4,19 years). The components Role Physical and General Health showed significant difference (p <0,05) between the groups, with better score to women without osteoporosis. No other differences were found in the SF-36 questionnaire. In the others 6 components, the values showed by two groups do not were significant difference. This form to conclude that post-menopausal women with osteoporosis and physical active can have a quality of life similar to the postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. In the second study, To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the post-menopausal women with osteoporosis, with or without hip fracture, were formed four groups: Group 1: 16 women without hip fracture and sedentary (67,80 ± 3,93 years); Group 2: 20 women without hip fracture and physical active (67,75 ± 4,29 years); Group 3: 20 women with hip fracture and non-institutionalized (70,65 ± 4,53 years); Group 4: 20 women with hip fracture and institutionalized (77,55 ± 6,8 years). The Results showed that the HRQoL of the post-menopausal women with hip fracture and institutionalized is, in general form, worst than non-institutionalized women with osteoporosis physical active, suggest hip fracture in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis to challenge a deteribration in the health-related quality of life, and the institutionalized of the sudden attack to able to contribute for greater decadence of the quality of life. The results of the ours study showed is possible have a good health-related quality of life after osteoporosis diagnostic, principal don t have hip fractures
Aplicação das técnicas espectroscópicas de RMN e IV e de métodos quimiométricos na quimiotaxonomia de liquens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Alcantara, Glaucia Braz
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6408676855110487
This present work describes the chemotaxonomic analysis of lichens through the utilization of NMR spectroscopic techniques, HR-MAS and NMR in solution, and IR allied with chemometrics methods. This analysis were carried out with eleven species set of lichens divided in two families and six genera. The HR-MAS NMR spectra together the chemometric, obtained from intact vegetal material, present the discrimination between the families, genera and species and the classification percentage was much satisfactory (70,8%). The analyzed substances include the carbohydrates class of low molecular-weight, the polyols. The NMR in solution analysis, corresponding to crude extracts, present the discrimination between genera and species and the classification was excellent (88,9%). In this analysis, where the secondary metabolites of lichens are evaluated, was realized the identification of some substances in mixture. The analysis by infrared spectroscopy (IR), also obtained from intact material, was detached by the excellent power of samples classification (100% of correct prediction), with discrimination between genera and species. The comparative application of this techniques confirm the results obtained separately, and point for a great potentiality of IR in chemotaxonomic analysis of lichens, due its quickness and low price, however the NMR techniques are more attractive when desire the circumstantial analysis of spectral profile.
Estudo da distribuição das pressões plantares em crianças obesas: efeitos de um programa de intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Filippin, Nadiesca Taisa
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Costa, Paula Hentschel Lobo da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083349298690934
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917528501000675
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a weight reduction program on the plantar pressure behavior during standing and walking of obese children. Thirty children, divided into three groups (obese experimental group, obese control group and non obese group), both genders, aged between nine and eleven years old volunteered to this study. The data were collected before and after a weight reduction program with duration of three months. The evaluations included static footprints and plantar pressure variables under six areas of the foot during standing and walking using the Pedar System (Novel GMBh). The results revealed that there was a decrease in the pressures under the midfoot area for the experimental group after the training program, but plantar pressure changes were not observed under other foot areas. An increase in the pressure-time integral was observed after training for the same obese group. In addition, the obese children presented greater contact areas and pressures when compared to non-obese, which can indicate increased risk of injuries due to the excessive load supported by the lower limbs of the obese children. However, the body weight was only poorly related to the plantar pressures, indicating that others factors may interfere on pressure distribution patterns. The correlations between the variables in the midfoot area indicated that it is not possible to assess the dynamic function of the feet from static measures, mainly in obese children, since the excess of adipose tissue in the feet and the medial arch changes may not allow the appropriate interpretation of these measures. Because the plantar pressures measured in this study were not sensitive enough to the training program of three months and, therefore were less influenced by it, the planning of weight reduction programs of longer durations and applied as early as possible is recommended, in order to promote important changes in the plantar pressure behavior and, consequently, to prevent structural and functional disorders in the children s feet.
Estudo da classificação não-destrutiva de peças serradas de espécies cultivadas no Brasil para uso em estruturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02)
Candian, Marcela
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Sales, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7635127820758535
This research had for purpose comparatively to verify the accuracy of the techniques of transverse vibration and ultrasound to the values gotten in static testings, for sawed wood used in structures. With the results gotten in the development of the present research it was possible to calibrate the coefficient of modification (kmod, 3) of NBR 7190:1997, besides increasing the relative knowledge to the nondestructive tests in wood. In the experimental methodology studies with parts of structural members of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus sp and Goupia glabra had been carried through, which had been classified using the techniques of ultrasound and transverse vibration, for the determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed). Simultaneously to the tests with ultrasound they had been carried through the visual grading and tests of static bending (MOE). The values of coefficient of determination for the technique of transverse vibration (R² = 0,75, R² = 0,80, R² = 0,93 and R² = 0,89) and for the technique of ultrasound (R2 = 0,65, R2 = 0,76, R2 = 0,66 and R2 = 0,88), gotten respectively for the Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus sp and Goupia glabra are significant, demonstrating that the techniques of ultrasound and transverse vibration are important tools for nondestructive inference of the modulus of elasticity of wood. The technique of transverse vibration presented better resulted in relation to the ultrasound, therefore it presents one better tack enters the physical model of the phenomenon and the corresponding associated mathematical model. In the determination of the values of coefficient of modification kmod, 3, was verified that the technique of transverse vibration presented superior values of coefficient in relation the ultrasound technique, therefore allows a classification next to the values gotten in the static bending.
Indicadores de empatia em crianças com baixa visão e em seus pais : um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-07)
Godoy, Ana Maura Azevedo de
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Del Prette, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1775145947210502
Empathy is important in the maintenance interpersonal relationships, and cam be considered a behavior protective factor for behavior problem. This work is aimed at describing and evaluating empathy in two sisters with low eyesight, one of them is nine and the other one is 11 years old and of their parents, in a attempt to: 1. identify subclasses of empathical abilities present in the repertoire of the children; 2. characterize similarities and differences in the frequency of children s empathy subclasses; 3. evaluate the father s and mother s level of empathy; 4. characterize similarities and differences between the father s and mother s educational actions. The instruments utilized were: a structured interview script with the parents, empathy inventory (EI), stories that were printed and recorded in audio and semi-structured interviews with the children. The parents answered both the interview individually, which was recorded, and the empathy inventory (EI) with the researcher s help. With the children, the researcher developed three activities which were filmed: present printed stories, stories in audio and interview the children in an attempt to investigate the recognition of the situation and the emotions of the characters in a specific situation. Data obtained from the interviewed parents and the children were analyzed qualitatively, and the (EI) provided quantitative results. Results indicate that parents present a high frequency of overprotective behavior, intercalated with granted autonomies in domestic activities and in requests made by the children. The father s report was different from the mother´s, who answers may be a result of her beliefs about the development of her daughters. The (EI) showed that the mother is more empathic than the father. With regard the results obtained with the children, they suggest that they present behaviors that are indicative of empathy, and that they also identify and understand the emotions of joy, sorrow, fear and disgust presented by the characters of the stories.
Semelhanças e diferenças de habilidades sociais entre crianças com síndrome de Down incluídas e crianças com desenvolvimento típico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-08)
Pereira, Mariana Sarro
;
Del Prette, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8748771953218635
Recent works about students inclusion have shown that it brings significant improvement to the social and cognitive development to the major part of students with special educational needs, included those with Down syndrome. Considering the benefits of that inclusion, and this process based on social interaction, it can be supposed that the social relationships are significant to the social and cognitive development for children in the general, as well as for those with special educational needs. The results of researches concerning to social skills of children with Down syndrome are controversial: some of them point out that these individuals are highly sociable while others state difficulties in their social behavior. Considering this imbalance, the present work had as objectives: 1) identify the social skills repertoire from both groups of students, with Down syndrome and with typical development; 2) compare similarities and differences of the social skills repertoire between the groups; 3) verify the correlation among the frequency, the adequation and the difficulty to emit social skills reactions trough the self-evaluation; 4) verify the correlation between selfevaluation and the evaluation done by teachers about social skills reactions; and 5) verify the differences of social skills intrinsic of each group as a function of their own characteristics. In this research were included 10 children with Down syndrome, 10 children with typical development and their teachers. The scores to evaluate the social skills were obtained through IMHSC-Del-Prette (Inventário Multimídia de Habilidades Sociais de Crianças-Del-Prette) tool. T-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient performed statistical analyses. The results allowed verify similarities between the groups as far as passive behavior was concerned. Related to active and skilled behavior it had been found differences between groups. Generally, children with Down syndrome showed some deficits in their social skills repertoire in comparison with children with typical development. Also had been verified a positive correlation between scores of social skills self-evaluation, as well as between scores of social skills self-evaluation and these done by teachers. In the intrinsic social skills differences of each group, the Down syndrome children were affected by type of school and learning disabilities, while typical development children were affected by gender and learning disabilities. In spite of the natural characteristics of the syndrome, it is necessary to look with special attention to the characteristics learned by these individuals. The adequate stimulation of their environments it is of fundamental importance for their development and learning
Recursos humanos para o agronegócio brasileiro: avaliação da oferta e da demanda por profissionais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-09)
Rinaldi, Rúbia Nara
;
Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0402555496801531
This thesis aims to analyse if the Brazilian higher education system in agribusiness is offering appropriate development according to the needs of a series of sectors that outline the national agroindustrial companies. In order to achieve the designed objectives in this research, this study was developed in four subjects. The first subject is related to search the professional profile that has being requested by several agents of the national agribusiness. The second concerns about the identification and characterization of the knowledge and skills that have been mainly transmitted through the university degrees in the agribusiness field in Brazil. The third subject aims to compare the requested profile demanded versus the current academic profile proposed in the investigated university degrees in order to identify the professionals that are not in line with the market demands of our system in relation to the needs of many evaluated segments and more specifically pointing to the knowledge groups and abilities that are more necessary to be provided in the programs that are not regulated to the current requirements. After these steps it was verified that the biggest part of this problem was related to the skills and knowledge in communication as well as the interpersonal skills, which are the major concern of the companies, but are hardly stimulated in the evaluated programs. Thus, aiming to stimulate theses skills and expertise in the undergraduates we propose achievements through the concept of competence on the Brazilian higher education in agribusiness area. For that reason the fourth subject of this research can be validated by this case study done in three different courses in the Wageningen University in the Netherlands, in order to better understand how the competence-based profiles are currently being developed leading the syllabuses in Dutch higher education in the sense of supporting the undergraduate professionals concerned to the agro industrial market requirements. It is true that is not sufficient for the new generation of professionals in this area to be experts in several different areas of the knowledge. It is important to prepare professionals who are able to respond to the actual demand of the Brazilian agro industrial market, and that are able to solve different problems in their areas making efforts to reduce the differences between the greater number of unemployed highly educated professionals and the lack of qualified professionals in companies.
O abrigo como fator de risco e proteção: indicadores e avaliação institucional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-09)
Salina, Alessandra
;
Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6115884893676770
Research indicates how foster care institutions problems may harm the development of children and adolescents in need for protection. Thus, a more efficient practice by professionals who work in these entities could contribute with the prevention of deficiencies, which institutionalized children may present. The present work focuses on the role of child protection services and has as general objective to investigate the strategies employed by such professionals, when evaluating foster care institutions, as well as under which quality indicators their assessment behavior is under control. Two studies were carried through in two interior cities of São Paulo estate, Brazil. Four child protection agents, a member of the Municipal Council for the Rights of the Children and the Adolescents, a member of the Social Assistance City Council, the Judiciary power s Social Worker, the town´s Judge, and the Coordinator of the town s single foster care institution participated of Study 1. Study 2 participants were: nine professionals responsible for the foster care evaluation (five Child Protection Agents, one member of the Municipal Council for the Rights of the Children and the Adolescents, the Youth and Child Judge and the city s Prosecutor; as well as five foster care institutions Coordinators). The data was collected by means of interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. Results indicated that the professionals who monitor foster care institutions, in both studies, use, predominantly, local visits to the entity as an evaluation strategy. However, these visits vary in frequency and format (some talk every two to six months with employees and children; while others only observe the functioning of the entity). Quality indicators described as guidelines for the assessment are also varied. The low frequency of reports regarding training aspects of foster care staff and the entity s concern for maintenance of the familiar bonds are of notice.
Efeito da terapia estrogênica sobre o controle autonômico da freqüência cardíaca e a capacidade aeróbia de mulheres saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-12)
Neves, Valéria Ferreira Camargo
;
Silva, Ester da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3171959033305034
The effects of female sex hormones on the cardiovascular system have been the topic of much discussion and controversy in the literature. Nevertheless, many scientists believe that estrogens play an important cardioprotective role in premenopausal women, with their effects being observed directly on blood vessels or indirectly by the promotion of an antiatherogenic lipid profile. In recent years, studies have reported that estrogen hormone levels may also influence autonomic control of heart rate (HR) and exercise tolerance. However, other researches have found no modification of these parameters in function of hormone therapy. Within this context, three studies were conducted to verify whether estrogen therapy (ET) could attenuate the age-related decline in autonomic control of HR under resting and exercise conditions and aerobic capacity of healthy women. Thirteen young women (mean age: 24 years), 10 postmenopausal women undergoing ET (PMET, mean age: 53 years) and 15 postmenopausal women not undergoing ET (PMnET, mean age: 56 years) were studied. Hormonal treatment consisted of 0.625 mg/day of conjugated equine estrogens. In the first study, the effect of age and ET on HR variability (HRV) under resting conditions in the supine and sitting positions was evaluated. HRV was analyzed by time (TD) and frequency domain (FD) methods. In this study, higher values of the temporal indices of HRV were observed for the young group. In the analysis of FD, the PMnET group presented lower values in the indices reflecting vagal activity and higher values in the indices reflecting sympathetic activity compared to the young group (supine position) and to the PMET group (sitting position). These results suggest that HRV decreases during aging and that ET may attenuate this process by promoting a reduction of sympathetic activity on the heart and contributing to the cardioprotective effect of estrogen hormones. In the second study, the effect of age and ET on the autonomic control of HR during dynamic exercise and anaerobic threshold (AT) was evaluated. Dynamic exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer starting at 15 W and followed by 5 W increments, until the loss of HR response stabilization was identified by a semiparametric model, characterizing AT. The autonomic control of HR during exercise was analyzed by vagal withdrawal at the beginning of exercise and by calculating the rMSSD index of the stable interval of each workload level. The vagal withdrawal and the rMSSD index were higher for the young group at the workloads studied. The young group also presented higher workload and HR values at AT compared to the postmenopausal groups. These results suggest that autonomic modulation of HR during exercise and aerobic capacity are strongly influenced by age. Hypoestrogenism and ET had no effect on the variables studied. In the third study, the effect of age and ET on cardiorespiratory responses during a cardiopulmonary exercise test was evaluated. This test was performed on a cycle ergometer with 10 to 20 W/min increments until physical exhaustion. The AT was determined by graphic visual analysis of the curves for carbon dioxide output and oxygen uptake ( O2). Higher workload and HR values both at AT and at the peak of exercise were observed for the young group. HR was similar between groups at AT and significantly higher at peak exercise for the young group. The percentages of AT in relation to peak exercise for O2 and HR values were higher for the postmenopausal groups. These results suggest that ET had no effect on cardiorespiratory responses during the incremental exercise test. In conclusion, the results obtained in the three studies suggest that the vagal-protective effect of estrogen hormones detected at rest is not maintained during exercise. In addition, exercise tolerance does not seem to depend on the physiological levels of estrogens. On this basis, the present findings support the importance of the prescription of physical exercise in the clinical orientation for climacteric women