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Avaliação de potencialidades e aplicações de espectrômetros com plasma acoplado indutivamente em análises químicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-22)
Vieira, Edivan Carvalho
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5545211665550080
This work is divided in two main parts. In the first one, the operating conditions of a radially inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was evaluated in soil and vegetable materials analysis. A factorial design was performed to systematic evaluation of the equipment operating conditions, being established: 1.05 kW power, 0.6 L min-1 flow gas nebulization and 8 mm observation height as operating conditions to Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn determination in the studied samples, certified materials (NIST, Peach Leaves and Corn Bran), digested in different oxidant media. The recoveries of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in soil extracts (IAC 274 and NIST San Joaquim Soil) were also evaluated in the same established conditions. A protocol was established for use of the equipment in routine analysis. In the second part of this work, the bioavailability of iron-proteins in different crude and processed foods was evaluated. Two different media were used to metalloprotein extraction: Tris buffer 5,0x10-3 mol L-1 and simulated gastric fluid. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used to determine Fe in the extract solutions and a size exclusion column (SEC) coupled to UV-ICP-MS detectors was used to metalloprotein speciation. The results indicated that the cooking caused significant changes in the amounts of Fe bond to proteins from beefs and seaweeds, although the elements were still bioavailables.
Estudo da cristalização de lactose em diferentes solventes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Brito, Ana Beatriz Neves
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Giulietti, Marco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7703659740618915
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3606604113019271
In the study of the lactose crystallization process, the nucleation phenomena and crystalline growth have been evaluated, when the systems were submitted to different solvent and operational conditions. The solubility s curves, for each of the solvents, were obtained experimentally and compared with theoretical data, serving as a basis for the crystallization processes. The main objective of the present work is to study the lactose crystallization process in solution through the partial change of the solvent. This change occurs through the addition of a second solvent, a compound that reduces the solute solubility, but that is miscible in the first one. The addition of a second compound to the system creates new lactose crystallization conditions to the purity, form and size of the crystals. With this procedure it was intended to get a reasonable control of the lactose crystallization for the improvement of the final quality of the product, that is, a narrow and defined size distribution of the crystals, with homogeneous crystalline habit and guaranteed purity level. Another objective of this work was to study the crystallization system for batch lactose solutions. Very little research has been done on the crystallization process of this complex organic compound, unlike many inorganic products, for which a high quantity of knowledge has been produced. With the accomplishment of the considered study, information had been gotten that make possible to improve the control of the final properties of the crystalline product, such as crystal sizes distribution (CSD), crystalline habit, crystalline fluid inclusions, among others.
Análise ambiental de bacias hidrográficas com base na fragmentação da paisagem: município de Getúlho Vargas (RS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Smaniotto, Manoela
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0537275302960867
Comparação de diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico nas atividades da vida diária em indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Marrara, Kamilla Tays
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Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5603964845135135
Objective: To compare the effects of different physiotherapeutic intervention during simulation of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) moderate to severe. Methods: Thirty one patients with COPD (30%≤forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1)<80% of predict), randomized in: Group PT (GPT, n=8): physical training (PT) in treadmill for 30 minutes; Group NIV (GNIV, n=9): PT associated to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for 30 minutes; Group MT (GMT, n=8): PT of upper-limb and Control Group (CG, n=6), enduring six weeks, three times for week. In the test of ADL simulated: to erase blackboard, catch weight, elevate weight, sweep, to climb steps and walk in the treadmill, realizing five minutes each activity, except climb steps and walk with duration of six minutes. Results: Intragroup analysis: significative reduction of E/MVV in the post-treatment for PTG and NIVG in basal and walk. The MTG showed significative decrease erasing the blackboard and walk, being similar as for O2/ O2max. The dyspnea showed significative reduction for PTG to the walk, and increase in the CG post-treatment. The number of climbs on the steps redu
Caracterização populacional de Cichla kelberi (Perciformes: Cichlidae) no reservatório do Lobo (Broa), Brotas / Itirapina - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Souza, Jussara Elias de
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6815950967125680
The Cichla kelberi population was characterized in terms of sexual proportion, size structure and some reproductive aspects. The collects were made in two distinct periods. The first, from November 2002 to November 2003 and the second, from December 2004 to May 2006. The sexual proportion showed significantly difference from 1:1 with predominance of females. Total length varied from 3.4 to 40.1cm, with large frequency on the small sized classes. These smallest individuals occurred around all the year, but mainly in the warmer months. Females and males reached similar maximum length. Individuals with Mature or Partial Spent gonads occurred mainly from November to April, indicating that Cichla kelberi has a long reproductive period, a biological evidence that it is a species well adapted in this reservoir, showing partial spawning and an absolute fecundity ranging from 6089 to 6908 oocytes.
Avaliação das condições operacionais de espectrômetro de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente com configuração axial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Trevizan, Lilian Cristina
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8889407559847288
The goal of this thesis was the critical evaluation of the analytical capability of an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP OES) with axially viewed configuration. The general view that axially systems are mainly applied to samples with low matrix complexity was evaluated and the performance of this configuration was supposed to be similar to the one of radially viewed systems. Figures of merit such as stability, robustness, detection limits, linear dynamic range, precision and accuracy were monitored in function of equipment operating conditions, sample introduction system and the complexity of the sample matrix. Magnesium II / Mg I ratio showed to be an adequate parameter for evaluation of ICP OES operating conditions. Factorial design allowed the determination of robust conditions for different sample introduction systems and evidenced the inefficiency of the V-groove nebulizer when operated at low nebulization gas flow-rate. For this nebulizer, in contrast with the literature, robust conditions were attained at both high applied power and high nebulization gas flow-rate. Using robust conditions, lower detection limits were found and high accuracy was obtained for the analysis of complex samples of non-fat milk powder diluted in tertiary amines medium and austenitic steel decomposed with aqua regia. For alcoholic beverage analysis, it was necessary the use of similar alcoholic concentration for the reference solutions and samples in order to compensate transport effects due to the presence of organic compounds. However, deviations greater than 10 % were observed for some elements in wine analysis. The use of the standard additions method or matrix matching by Fe addition was not necessary for austenitic steel analysis and calibration was performed with reference solutions in aqua regia 1.2 % v v-1 medium. Severe matrix effects in axially viewed ICP OES configuration did not occur and this configuration was competitive with radially viewed systems. An additional advantage of axially systems is the lower detection limits. However, the use of robust conditions caused a small decrease in linear dynamic range and can decrease the life-time of radio-frequency source and quartz torch of the equipment. Finally, the instrument software for semiquantitative analysis was evaluated and its performance was suitable for implementation of a screening procedure for biological samples microwave-assisted acid decomposed. This method allowed quantitative results for the majority of elements evaluated.
Escolha e desempenho no trabalho de adultos com deficiência mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Escobal, Giovana
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350037809874590
Choice making is a fundamental skill for all individuals. Choice opportunities are related with important questions of human development, and of paramount importance to the development of clinical and educational programs for mentally retarded individuals. Despite its practical importance, little is known about the effects that choice may have in the work environment of this population. In this study, choice was investigated under two conditions: with and without environmental work support. Work performance was assessed as a function of conditions chosen. First, four mentally retarded adults learned to perform a work task under those two conditions. The task consisted of assembling notebook covers. An MDF (medium density fiber) board measuring 30cm by 40 cm, was employed as work support and displayed several low relief recipients to suit its different components and was designed to provide immediate feedback, to increase or maintain the rate of work response and to prevent errors during the task routine. A number of small pieces of paper, 2cm by 2cm, in different colors, pieces of thin cardboard, 10cm by 8cm, glue sticks, candies and chocolate bars previously chosen by the participants in preference tests were used. The study took place in quiet, well lit and ventilated room at the participants institution, isolated from other workshop clients. Following initial training the participants worked individually either under multiple schedules or under concurrent-chain schedules according to a multiple-element design. When the multiple schedules condition was on, the components were either presence or absence of work support, quasi-randomly distributed. Under the concurrent-chain schedules conditions a FR-1 was used on the first link, and either one of the two work alternatives, on the second link. Throughout the study, whenever the participant presented an error, verbal, gestual prompts and model were provided. Initially verbal prompts were provided and, if necessary, by gestual, verbal plus gestual prompts, and model, in this sequence, until the target responses were emitted. In relation to the parameters analyzed, the number of errors and prompts were higher working without work support than working with it, during the teaching phase. Baseline on task performance, under multiple schedules, showed prompts lower in the work support component in relation to the no work support component. Under concurrent chain schedule, however, the percentage of prompts under work support was higher in relation to the no work support alternative. As far as time spent to complete the task, in the teaching phase, two participants finished the work activity faster in the component without support. During baseline on task performance, under multiple schedules and chain concurrent schedules, three participants finished the task faster working with the work support. The results showed a preference for the work support alternative for two participants, while the other two distributed their choices evenly between the two alternatives. With the work support, time on task was relatively lower as compared to the no work support. The number of errors by P3 was different from the other participants, who showed a much smaller number of errors evenly distributed between the experimental conditions. Working with support was preferable from the participant s point of view. Besides that, under supported work, participants finished the task faster and the number of errors was kept in a low level. The participants could choose independently of his performance in the parameters analyzed. The study brings a contribution to vocational training programs for the severely retarded and to the development of a common interface with the areas of Behavior Analysis, Special Education and Ergonomics and brings practical implications for the design of teach procedures for mentally retarded.
Obtenção, propriedades e fenomenologia de materiais ferroelétricos com estrutura tungstênio bronze
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Zambrano, Michel Venet
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Garcia, Ducinei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1830376229286038
The processing of lead metaniobate (PN) ferroelectric ceramics was optimized, therefore, in this work, the main details to obtain PN ceramics with density higher than 96 % of the ideal density are presented and discussed. Taking into account the potential of the lead metaniobate for different applications, mainly for high temperatures, the phase transition characteristics of this material, in both undoped and doped compositions, were detaily investigated. It was verified that the addition of Ti4+ enhances the densification and increase the Curie temperature. Nevertheless, the ferro-paraelectric phase transition is affected by an electric conductive process, which appears in temperatures below and above the Curie temperature. The double ionized oxygen vacancies are proposed to be the charge carriers responsible for this conductive process. The undoped and Ti4+-doped PN ceramics show low values of the mechanical quality factor and high piezoelectric anisotropy, which are desired characteristics for the fabrication of broad band electro-mechanical transducers, mainly to operate in the thickness mode. The addition of Ba2+ to the PN (PBN) considerably decreases the Curie temperature, but it induces a phase transition, leading to the formation of a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) around the composition with 37 % of Ba2+, in which some properties are enhanced. In this way, the characteristics of the ferro-paraelectric phase transition, for compositions around the MPB, were investigated for Ba2+-doped PN ceramics, textured by hot forging. It was found that the MPB extends towards a wide composition range, in which both tetragonal 4mm and orthorhombic m2m tungsten bronze (TB) phases coexist. In addition, with the increasing temperature, two phase transitions were observed for this composition range. First, the material portion with orthorhombic (m2m) symmetry transforms into the tetragonal (4mm) phase and, second, the 4mm phase (that represents the material in its totality) transforms into the paraelectric phase with the tetragonal 4/mmm TB symmetry. These results helped to complete the reported PBN phase diagram. Moreover, it was found that the La3+ addition to the PBN, for the composition with 56 % of Pb2+, induces the formation of the orthorhombic (m2m) phase. All the (doped and undoped) PN ceramics showed two dielectric dispersion processes at low temperatures, i.e. from 30 to 300 K, which seems to be an inherent feature of all materials with TB structure and ((A1)x(A2)5-xNb10O30) structural formula. The two processes were associated to a phase transition and the formation of incommensurate structures, respectively. The influence of such incommensurate structures on the relaxor behavior and diffusivity of the ferro-paraelectric phase transition was also analyzed.
Ecologia trófica da comunidade de peixes do reservatório do Lobo (Broa), Brotas-Itirapina/SP, com ênfase à introdução recente da espécie alóctone Cichla kelberi (Perciformes, Cichlidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Velludo, Marcela Roquetti
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1849919927223660
The introduction of predatory species has carrying deep modifications on the original fish wildlife structure at aquatic environments. The feeding spectrum characterization of fish community from Lobo Reservoir (Broa), beside providing information about the species biology and establishing trophic guilds, made possible the follow-up of trophic alterations due the dam constructions and species introduction, beyond to propose ways of mitigation or management in order to sustain the environment fishery production. The Alimentary Index was used to see the features of the species feeding habits, and to verify if competition exists among the species, was used the Overlap and Similarity Index among the diets. A total of 23 species were collected and distributed in five trophic guilds. Three species present omnivorous diet, six species had shown insectivorous diet and present the major number of individuals, and the piscivorousinsetivorous guild presented two species. The piscivorous are represented by Hoplias malabaricus and Cichla kelberi. Cyphocarax modestus is real iliophagus, but his diet is quite similar to the Hypostomus ancistroides, detritivorous, and to the omnivorousdetritivorous Geophagus brasiliensis, Oreochromis niloticus and Phalloceros caudimaculatus. Poecilia reticulata presented a detritivorous diet, but with large participation of insects, and the diet of Serrapinnus heterodon is described as phytoplancktophagus. In the general community analisys was observed that peacook bass do not present overlap related to any specie, but his ascendancy on the community is shown through the restriction on the distribution of P. caudimaculatus and Corydoras aeneus and abstence of Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus and Cetopsorhamdia iheringi. It was observed yet a decrease of relative occurrence of G. brasiliensis e H. malabaricus and an increase of C. kelberi and Astyanax altiparanae, related to previous researches. Therefore, we are dealing with an environment disturbed by the establishing of peacook bass, despite his recently introduction, being indispensable the follow-up and management in order to dimishing the impacts already showed
Análise das transações e estruturas de governança na cadeia produtiva do leite no Brasil: a França como referência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Bankutti, Sandra Mara Schiavi
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Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
Since the 90 decade, Brazilian milk sector has suffered important changes, mainly due to macroeconomic, concurrential and consumption modifications in the country. Among those changes, it is been observed new transaction forms between rural producers and milk processing companies. Governance structures between those agents are still under construction, thus not being considered definitive. In some countries, such as France, it is possible to note high coordination level in the chain and consolidated governance structures. The present thesis has analyzed transactions and governance structures between milk producers and processing companies in the region of São Carlos /SP and in the western region of France. Theoretical fundaments of New Institutional Economics, Transaction Cost Economics and Industrial Organization are considered. To accomplish the work, it has been used secondary data, as well as field research in the two countries, with rural producers, milk processing companies representatives and key-agents. It has been identified bilateral governance in the region of São Carlos /SP, and trilateral governance in the West of France. Besides the predominance of informal contracts in both studied regions, it has been observed differences in terms of transaction characteristics and negotiation aspects. Such differences are due to distinctions of institutional and organizational environments, agents and coordination level. It has also been concluded that not only transaction attributes influence governance structures. The work remarks the role of trust, power in the relation and dependence between agents as relevant aspects to understand transactions and governance structures.
Caracterização populacional em camarões marinhos Rimapenaeus constrictus (Stimpson, 1874), utilizando marcadores microssatélites e análises morfométricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-23)
Silva, Thiago Buosi
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7434420042621575
Shrimp capture is one of the most important fishing activities and has been growing in the last years due to an increment in the fishing effort and the larger number and enhanced fishing power of the shrimp boats. Thus, most of the penaeid stocks are being threatened by overexploitation. For our object of study we used the marine shrimp species Rimapenaeus constrictus, captured off the coast of Guarapari, Espírito Santo and the coast of Ubatuba, São Paulo. These points were strategically chosen since they are located above and below the Cabo Frio upwelling, a potential geographic barrier for the dispersion of marine organisms. Genetic studies, through the development and analysis of molecular microsatellite markers, and morphometric studies were performed in order to determine if there is any structure in the populations of this region. The HE and HO values of the four developed polymorphic microsatellite loci were 0.502 and 0.283 for Ubatuba and 0.473 and 0.374 for Guarapari. The FST estimate between the populations (0.0012; p = 0.1500) and probability (Bayesian method; p = 0.993) indicate that these populations behave as a single one, contrasting with the results of the multivariate analyses of the morphometric data. The gene flow rate between the populations may be attributed to the pronounced larval dispersion led by the surface current system of the Brazilian coast. Different patterns of growth and weight gain may have been responsible for the structure based on the morphometric data. Although a raise in the sample and microsatellite numbers are necessary, this study was valuable as it produced knowledge that is useful for the conservation of this species.
Diagnóstico dos recursos pesqueiros marinhos, Cynoscion jamaicensis, Macrodon ancylodon e Micropogonias furnieri (perciformes: sciaenidae), da região sudeste-sul do Brasil entre as latitudes 23° e 28° 40'S
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Carneiro, Marcus Henrique
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Barbieri, Geraldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1782528787525867
The Sciaenid fish species Cynoscion jamaicensis (Jamaica weakfish), Macrodon ancylodon (king-weakfish) and Micropogonias furnieri (whitemouth croaker) are marine fishing resources traditionally exploited off Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil. Their importance was verified in the time series of the extractive fisheries production of Brazil. So, they were selected to have many of their fisheries biology aspects re-evaluated by REVIZEE Programme - Programme of Assessment of the Sustainable Potentiality of Living Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone off Southeastern Coast of Brazil (23° to 28° 40 S). In this context the Fisheries Institute of the Secretary of Agriculture and Supply (IP) performed biological and biometrical samplings, disposed statistical data of extractive production and the diagnosis results concerning to these species in the State of São Paulo. After a General Introduction which places the reference landmarks on the issue, three similarly structured diagnosis on each of the concerned species are presented. They were formatted as scientific articles which may slightly differ from each other in the fisheries description or in the methods used to describe life cycle previously defined by REVIZEE. Biological and biometrical data collected from 1993 to 2003 were used to characterize life cycle. The marine extractive production was described by using the available fisheries time series and those published by IBAMA and IP. Additional information on the fishing effort associated to the catches landed in the State of São Paulo was also provided by IP through the System of Data Bank Management for Statistical Control of the Marine Fisheries Production ProPesq®. This information was useful to verify the level of fisheries performance. These articles aim at characterizing the stocks exploitation status considering: geographical distribution; catch evolution; length structure and length-weight relationship; growth; mortality and survival rates; and reproduction. Among the three species, king weakfish belonging to the Southeastern stock lacked information on reproductive biology which is detailed in the fourth chapter. After the four articles Final Considerations summarizes the diagnosis and presents management recommendations, in agreement with the results presented in the Executive Report of REVIZEE Programme, which is the official final document published by the Programme facing the commitments which Brazil assumed with the international community when ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Jamaica weakfish is one of the main demersal resources exploited in the Southeastern region. In the last 20 years, its production reached a peak at 5,000 t in 1998, which decreased to 2,800 t in 2005 (reduction: 44 %). The State of São Paulo received a little more than half the total catch, mostly from pair trawlers. This fleet has shown yield trend since 1996, which accompanies the landed catch. Both sexes reach gonadal maturity at 193.1 mm total length within 2.5 years; they can live up to 14 years, with 389.57 mm maximum theoretical length; total mortality was estimated as Z=1.24 ano-1 (M=0.54 ano-1; F=0.70 ano-1), corresponding to a 0,56 exploitation rate, which indicates the stock is overexploited. These results point out that fishing effort on this species must not increase in order to keep catch on a sustainable level. The king weakfish production and yield presented decreasing trend, which was chiefly observed in the last 10 years. Its mortality rate increased, associated to the exploitation rate (E=0.58), higher than 0.5; the length at first maturity (L50=284.5 mm) shortened between 5% and 10% of the maximum theoretical length value (L∞=506.59 mm). All this pack of information is enough to characterize the Southeastern stock of king weakfish as overexploited. Even though, one can infer this stock responses positively to effort decrease based on the signs of possible yield recovery which were observed in the late decade of 1990. The decrease of fishing effort can be even more efficient for stock recovery if it is associated to the protection of the area from 23°S and 25°S, and between 18 m and 28 m deep and from december to april, which is the intensive reproduction period. Whitemouth croaker is the main demersal fishing resource at Southeastern and Southern regions. It occupies the second rank among the fish landed in the State of São Paulo and it is caught by boats using different kinds of fishing gears. The Southeastern stock was intensely exploited in the 1960 and 1970 decades but it showed signs of recovery after a reduction of fishing effort. However, in the last 10 years, once again whitemouth croaker has been excessively caught, what has pulled the yield down. Most of that is due to many fishing fleets, which did not have whitemouth croaker as the main target, having aimed their effort to this species. The average length of whitemouth croaker landed in São Paulo is around 290 mm, nearly the same length at first maturity for females (Lt50=292.24 mm). The maximum theoretical length is 389.57 mm. The total mortality rate is 0.59 and the exploitation rate is 0.63, what points out that stock is overexploited and that fishing effort control is needed to keep capture sustainable.
Efeito do treinamento de força excêntrica no controle autonômico da freqüência cardíaca de idosos durante o repouso e contrações isométricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eccentric strength training (ST) on autonomic control of heart rate (HR) evaluated at rest and during isometric exercise. Nine healthy men (62 ±2 years old) were submitted to 12 weeks of ST for knee extensors and flexors muscles (2x/week, 2-4 series of 8-12 repetitions, 70-80% of eccentric peak torque). Before and after the ST, the HR and its variability were evaluated at rest (supine and seated conditions) and during the sub-maximal isometric contractions (SIC; 15, 30 and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction) of knee extension wich were performed during 240s or until exhaustion. The HR was obtained at pre- (60s), during and post SIC (120s). Then, the variation (∆) between the resting HR and HR at 10, 30, 60s and end of contraction observed during each SIC was analyzed. The HR variability was evaluated by the RMSSD index, which was determined in resting condition and during SIC (i.e., two windows of 30s in duration at the beginning and end of R-R interval data). The ANOVA two-way (repeated measures) and t-test was utilized for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The ST increased the eccentric torque (extension: 210 ± 38 to 252.7 ± 61 N.m, flexion: 117.6 ± 25.1 to 133 ± 27.3 N.m) , but did not change the HR and HR variability at rest (HR supine: 62 ± 11 to 65 ± 9 bpm, HR seated: 62 ± 11 to 66 ± 9, RMSSD supine: 28.5 ± 18 to 21.5 ± 8.4, RMSSD seated: 30.4 ± 2 to 18.9 ± 6.2). The ST did not modify the isometric peak torque (177.6 ± 25 to 195.2 ± 31,2 N.m) and the time of execution of each SIC (15%: 240 to 240s, 30%: 203.4 ± 55 to 218 ± 5s, 40%: 135.6 ± 56.7 to 144.6 ± 55.6s). During the SIC, the pattern of HR response (significative increase in ∆HR from 30s to the end of contraction in 15 and 40%) and the RMSSD index (significative decrease from the first 30s to the last 30s of contraction in all levels of effort) was similar for the pre- and post training. Despite the ST increased the eccentric torque, it did not generate changes in the autonomic control of heart rate at rest and during the SIC.
O papel de relações de controle de estímulos na aprendizagem relacional de indivíduos com deficiência mental e com desenvolvimento típico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Grisante, Priscila Crespilho
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5819921002758483
Accordingly to stimulus control topography coherence theory the variability found in some stimulus equivalence experimental studies could be reduced or eliminated by a larger experimental control upon the controlling relations established on conditional relations training. Therefore, this research had as general goals: 1) investigating emergence of classes of equivalence stimuli between visual abstract stimuli, using a mask procedure in teaching conditional discriminations (to induce controlling relations by selection and by rejection) in preschool children and in individuals with Down Syndrome (participants up to now not studied with this procedure) and 2) verifying if the controlling relations involved in teaching of conditional discriminations coincided with those planned by the researcher. Two six year old typically developing children took part in Experiment 1 consisted by the phases: 1) pretraining; 2) teaching the conditional relations AB, BC, CD; 3) testing relations DA, AD, CA, AC, DB, BD and 4) testing to verify the controlling relations involved on baseline. A computer presented stimuli and recorded responses. For one of the participants, one-node equivalence classes were established and the controlling relations were consistent with those planned (both, by selection and rejection). The second paticipant did not show the expected emergent performances and showed inconsistent stimulus control. Experiment 2 was carried out with a child and an adolescent with Down Syndrome and consisted of the phases: 1) pretraining; 2) teaching the conditional relations AB, BC; 3) testing relations CA, AC and 4) testing to verify the controlling relations. In Experiment 2 none of the subjects showed the expected emergent performances in three presentations of test sessions. Moreover, they showed acquisition of control relations inconsistent with those planned. The results support the hypothesis that the variability found in stimulus equivalence research can be explained by the acquisition of different controlling relations throughout the teaching and also suggest that the kind of procedure employed on tests to verify the controlling relations can be efficient to identify these stimulus control relations.
Associação da região centromérica do cromossomo 14 com espessura de gordura em bovinos da raça Canchim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Veneroni, Gisele Batista
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Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7780957703525355
Canchim is a synthetic breed that has been used in the beef cattle industry as an alternative for production intensification. However, this breed has poor fat deposition. Therefore researches have been done with the objective of increasing the fat deposition in this breed. These efforts include search for molecular markers that could aid the identification of animals with greater genetic potential for this trait. In several bovine populations the centromeric region of chromosome 14 was related with fat deposition. The thyroglobulin gene is located at 4.46 Mb in that chromosome and reports describe the influence of a polymorphism in the 5´ leader sequence of that gene on marbling and fat thickness. The scope of this work was to analyze the effect of this polymorphism in the thyroglobulin gene as well as of two flanking microsatellite markers, CSSM066 (2.95 Mb) and ILSTS011 (6.93 Mb) on backfat thickness of Canchim beef cattle. Five hundred and seventy two animals of two groups genetic (CA and MA), raised in two farms and pertaining to 64 half-sib families were evaluated. Associations of marker genotypes with phenotypic measures (backfat thickness) were analyzed by a mixed model. The results showed that microsatellite marker CSSM066 had a significant effect on fat thickness in the studied populations. However, this trait was not significantly associated with the polymorphism of the thyroglobulin gene and with the microsatellite marker ILSTS011, what suggests that another gene located in the centromeric region of chromosome 14 of bovine can be responsible for the variation on this trait. The genome region close to CSSM066 marker, that indicated association with fat thickness in our study, should be further investigated to produce information that may be incorporated in improvement programs
Movimento de interface para duas equações de reação-difusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Biesdorf, João
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Nascimento, Arnaldo Simal do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609243657130387
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9789976538941920
In this work, following [15], we will use the technique of matched asymptotic expansions to study the movement of interface for the solutions of an advection-reaction- difuusion equations and the equation of reaction-difusion with spatially of inhomogeneous reaction term. We will get that the equations of such movements are equal. Also we will study a system of equations without the drift term and will compare the movement of its interfaces with the equation of the model of chemotaxis considered by Mimura and TsujiKawa [13] and [14]. Keywords: Asymptotic expansions, mean curvature motion.
Modulação autonômica da freqüência cardíaca de homens saudáveis e pacientes com disfunções cardiorrespiratórias crônicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Reis, Michel Silva
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1889922526777364
The changes on the heart rate sympathetic-vagal balance caused to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic heart failure, as well as, the hemodynamics change induced by the non-invasive ventilation were unclear. In this context, we proposed to develop two studies. The first study was titled by The heart rate autonomic control in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure patients on the rest and during the respiratory sinusal arrhythmia maneuver . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the heart rate (HR) autonomic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as well as chronic heart failure (CHF) patients on the rest as well as during the respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver (M-RSA); and to correlation the HR autonomic modulation and seriousness levels of both pathologies. Twenty-seven male volunteers were subdivided in three groups: ten presented COPD (69±9 years); seven presented CHF (62±8 years) and; ten were healthy with 64±5 year-old (control). When resting, the three groups electrocardiography signal was obtained in three conditions: 1) lying position for 15 min; 2) lying position during the M-RSA for 4 min; and 3) sitting position for 15 min. The data was analyzed by the time (RMSSD and SDNN indexes) and the frequency domain, in total power, low frequency, high frequency absolute (ab) and normalized (nu) units and LF/HF ratio. Regarding the M-RSA indexes, the expiratory/inspiratory ratio (E/I) and the inspiratory/expiratory difference (∆IE) were calculated. The main results showed that the CHF and the COPD patients presented lower E/I ratio values (0,03±0,01 vs 0,09±0,04 e 0,04±0,02 vs 0,09±0,04) and ∆I/E values (0,67±0,13 vs 1,09±0,13 e 0,81±0,20 vs 1,09±0,13), when compared to control group. Strong correlations were observed between the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the RMSSD (r=-0,73) and between the FEV1 and the BF absolute (r=-0,71) in the COPD patients. At same, strong correlations were observed between the ejecting fraction and the RMSSD (r=0,83) in CHF patients. Concluding, the results of this study suggest that both, the COPD and the CHF patients, presented parasympathetic activity reduction and there is a relation between the seriousness levels of both pathologies and the HR autonomic activity. The second study was titled to The acute effects of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the heart rate autonomic control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure patients . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute continuous positive pressure airway over the heart rate (HR) autonomic control and the respiratory variables behavior in COPD as well as CHF patients. Twenty-eight male volunteers were sub-divided in three groups: ten presented COPD (69±9 years); eight presented CHF (62±8 years) and; ten were healthy with 64±5 year-old (control). The electrocardiography signal was obtained for 10 min in the sitting position with spontaneous breath (SB) and following randomly conditions: CPAP Sham, CPAP 5, and CPAP 10 cmH2O. Additionally, the breath rate, the endtidal of carbon dioxide, and the peripheral oxygen saturation were obtained. The HR and it variability data were analyzed by the time and the frequency domain, in according with previous describe. The main results showed that the ETCO2 reduced in all groups during the CPAP application. COPD group were significantly lower values of the RMSSD index in the Sham (1.06), CPAP 5 (1.08), and CPAP 10 (1,01) than SB (1,22). In addition, they presented increased in the LFnu (1.60 vs 1.82) and decreased in the HFab (1.90 vs 1.55) from the SB to CPAP 10. The CHF group RMSSD index and TP increased to SB (1.31 and 2.62) to CPAP 5 (1.44 and 2.87) and the CPAP 10 (1.48 and 2.97), respectively. Concluding, the CPAP caused modification in the HR autonomic control and improvement in the alveolar ventilation of COPD, CHF patients and healthy individuals.
Monovacâncias em grafite por cálculos de primeiros princípios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Oeiras, Rodrigo Yoshikawa
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7950372795840464
Análise comparativa do alcance manual em lactentes jovens pré-termo e a termo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Toledo, Aline Martins de
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Tudella, Eloisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0342907311451855
This longitudinal study investigated the development of reaching behavior in the seated position in preterm infants at the ages of 5, 6 and 7 months by analyzing kinematic variables (straightness and adjustment indexes, movement unit, mean and final velocities). The correlation between kinematic variables and grasping was verified. The participants were nine low-risk preterm infants with no cerebral lesions. Ten fullterm infants served as control. In both groups, kinematic variables remained unchanged over age, except for the adjustment index, which was higher at 6 months in the preterm group. Successful grasping increased in both groups over age and it was shown to be negatively correlated with mean velocity in the preterm infants. At the ages of 6 and 7 months, preterms showed lower mean and final velocities and higher adjustment index when compared with fullterms. The relative constancy in the kinematic variables suggests that, after having explored the action possibilities during the acquisition phase, the infants selected an adaptative pattern to perform the reaching movements. Slower movements and greater adjustments may be functional strategies of preterms to achieve successful grasps.
Estudo da continuidade em ligações laje-viga-pilar em estruturas pré-moldadas de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26)
Kataoka, Marcela Novischi
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Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470
The present research deals with the study of continuity in slab-beam-column connections in precast concrete structures, wherein an experimental investigation about the contribution of longitudinal reinforced bars, passing on the side of the column in the top of the slab, on the connector flexural stiffness. For this study, a beam-to-column connection was selected, comprising concrete corbel with dowel bars and continuity reinforced bars passing trough the column and fulfilling of grout in the interface of the connection. Two tests were carried out for the characterization of the moment-rotation relationship of two different connection prototypes, one with 100% of the continuity reinforced bars passing trough the column and another with 50% trough the column and 50% in the laterals. The experimental results indicate that bars passing on both sides of the column enhanced the moment-rotation relationship for the second prototype, being even more significant for the serviceability stage. However, rotations at the beginning of plasticization of the moment-rotation curve were close for the two prototypes. The results indicate that the transverse reinforcement between the slab and the beam was capable of mobilizing the external longitudinal bars at the same time of the internal longitudinal bars, passing through the column. Additionally, this reinforcement arrangement provided an increase of the cracking control within the connection zone at the end of the beam