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Diagnóstico dos recursos pesqueiros marinhos, Cynoscion jamaicensis, Macrodon ancylodon e Micropogonias furnieri (perciformes: sciaenidae), da região sudeste-sul do Brasil entre as latitudes 23° e 28° 40'S
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Carneiro, Marcus Henrique; Barbieri, Geraldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1782528787525867
The Sciaenid fish species Cynoscion jamaicensis (Jamaica weakfish), Macrodon ancylodon (king-weakfish) and Micropogonias furnieri (whitemouth croaker) are marine fishing resources traditionally exploited off Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil. Their importance was verified in the time series of the extractive fisheries production of Brazil. So, they were selected to have many of their fisheries biology aspects re-evaluated by REVIZEE Programme - Programme of Assessment of the Sustainable Potentiality of Living Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone off Southeastern Coast of Brazil (23° to 28° 40 S). In this context the Fisheries Institute of the Secretary of Agriculture and Supply (IP) performed biological and biometrical samplings, disposed statistical data of extractive production and the diagnosis results concerning to these species in the State of São Paulo. After a General Introduction which places the reference landmarks on the issue, three similarly structured diagnosis on each of the concerned species are presented. They were formatted as scientific articles which may slightly differ from each other in the fisheries description or in the methods used to describe life cycle previously defined by REVIZEE. Biological and biometrical data collected from 1993 to 2003 were used to characterize life cycle. The marine extractive production was described by using the available fisheries time series and those published by IBAMA and IP. Additional information on the fishing effort associated to the catches landed in the State of São Paulo was also provided by IP through the System of Data Bank Management for Statistical Control of the Marine Fisheries Production ProPesq®. This information was useful to verify the level of fisheries performance. These articles aim at characterizing the stocks exploitation status considering: geographical distribution; catch evolution; length structure and length-weight relationship; growth; mortality and survival rates; and reproduction. Among the three species, king weakfish belonging to the Southeastern stock lacked information on reproductive biology which is detailed in the fourth chapter. After the four articles Final Considerations summarizes the diagnosis and presents management recommendations, in agreement with the results presented in the Executive Report of REVIZEE Programme, which is the official final document published by the Programme facing the commitments which Brazil assumed with the international community when ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Jamaica weakfish is one of the main demersal resources exploited in the Southeastern region. In the last 20 years, its production reached a peak at 5,000 t in 1998, which decreased to 2,800 t in 2005 (reduction: 44 %). The State of São Paulo received a little more than half the total catch, mostly from pair trawlers. This fleet has shown yield trend since 1996, which accompanies the landed catch. Both sexes reach gonadal maturity at 193.1 mm total length within 2.5 years; they can live up to 14 years, with 389.57 mm maximum theoretical length; total mortality was estimated as Z=1.24 ano-1 (M=0.54 ano-1; F=0.70 ano-1), corresponding to a 0,56 exploitation rate, which indicates the stock is overexploited. These results point out that fishing effort on this species must not increase in order to keep catch on a sustainable level. The king weakfish production and yield presented decreasing trend, which was chiefly observed in the last 10 years. Its mortality rate increased, associated to the exploitation rate (E=0.58), higher than 0.5; the length at first maturity (L50=284.5 mm) shortened between 5% and 10% of the maximum theoretical length value (L∞=506.59 mm). All this pack of information is enough to characterize the Southeastern stock of king weakfish as overexploited. Even though, one can infer this stock responses positively to effort decrease based on the signs of possible yield recovery which were observed in the late decade of 1990. The decrease of fishing effort can be even more efficient for stock recovery if it is associated to the protection of the area from 23°S and 25°S, and between 18 m and 28 m deep and from december to april, which is the intensive reproduction period. Whitemouth croaker is the main demersal fishing resource at Southeastern and Southern regions. It occupies the second rank among the fish landed in the State of São Paulo and it is caught by boats using different kinds of fishing gears. The Southeastern stock was intensely exploited in the 1960 and 1970 decades but it showed signs of recovery after a reduction of fishing effort. However, in the last 10 years, once again whitemouth croaker has been excessively caught, what has pulled the yield down. Most of that is due to many fishing fleets, which did not have whitemouth croaker as the main target, having aimed their effort to this species. The average length of whitemouth croaker landed in São Paulo is around 290 mm, nearly the same length at first maturity for females (Lt50=292.24 mm). The maximum theoretical length is 389.57 mm. The total mortality rate is 0.59 and the exploitation rate is 0.63, what points out that stock is overexploited and that fishing effort control is needed to keep capture sustainable.
Modulação autonômica da freqüência cardíaca de homens saudáveis e pacientes com disfunções cardiorrespiratórias crônicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Reis, Michel Silva; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1889922526777364
The changes on the heart rate sympathetic-vagal balance caused to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic heart failure, as well as, the hemodynamics change induced by the non-invasive ventilation were unclear. In this context, we proposed to develop two studies. The first study was titled by The heart rate autonomic control in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure patients on the rest and during the respiratory sinusal arrhythmia maneuver . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the heart rate (HR) autonomic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as well as chronic heart failure (CHF) patients on the rest as well as during the respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver (M-RSA); and to correlation the HR autonomic modulation and seriousness levels of both pathologies. Twenty-seven male volunteers were subdivided in three groups: ten presented COPD (69±9 years); seven presented CHF (62±8 years) and; ten were healthy with 64±5 year-old (control). When resting, the three groups electrocardiography signal was obtained in three conditions: 1) lying position for 15 min; 2) lying position during the M-RSA for 4 min; and 3) sitting position for 15 min. The data was analyzed by the time (RMSSD and SDNN indexes) and the frequency domain, in total power, low frequency, high frequency absolute (ab) and normalized (nu) units and LF/HF ratio. Regarding the M-RSA indexes, the expiratory/inspiratory ratio (E/I) and the inspiratory/expiratory difference (∆IE) were calculated. The main results showed that the CHF and the COPD patients presented lower E/I ratio values (0,03±0,01 vs 0,09±0,04 e 0,04±0,02 vs 0,09±0,04) and ∆I/E values (0,67±0,13 vs 1,09±0,13 e 0,81±0,20 vs 1,09±0,13), when compared to control group. Strong correlations were observed between the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the RMSSD (r=-0,73) and between the FEV1 and the BF absolute (r=-0,71) in the COPD patients. At same, strong correlations were observed between the ejecting fraction and the RMSSD (r=0,83) in CHF patients. Concluding, the results of this study suggest that both, the COPD and the CHF patients, presented parasympathetic activity reduction and there is a relation between the seriousness levels of both pathologies and the HR autonomic activity. The second study was titled to The acute effects of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the heart rate autonomic control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure patients . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute continuous positive pressure airway over the heart rate (HR) autonomic control and the respiratory variables behavior in COPD as well as CHF patients. Twenty-eight male volunteers were sub-divided in three groups: ten presented COPD (69±9 years); eight presented CHF (62±8 years) and; ten were healthy with 64±5 year-old (control). The electrocardiography signal was obtained for 10 min in the sitting position with spontaneous breath (SB) and following randomly conditions: CPAP Sham, CPAP 5, and CPAP 10 cmH2O. Additionally, the breath rate, the endtidal of carbon dioxide, and the peripheral oxygen saturation were obtained. The HR and it variability data were analyzed by the time and the frequency domain, in according with previous describe. The main results showed that the ETCO2 reduced in all groups during the CPAP application. COPD group were significantly lower values of the RMSSD index in the Sham (1.06), CPAP 5 (1.08), and CPAP 10 (1,01) than SB (1,22). In addition, they presented increased in the LFnu (1.60 vs 1.82) and decreased in the HFab (1.90 vs 1.55) from the SB to CPAP 10. The CHF group RMSSD index and TP increased to SB (1.31 and 2.62) to CPAP 5 (1.44 and 2.87) and the CPAP 10 (1.48 and 2.97), respectively. Concluding, the CPAP caused modification in the HR autonomic control and improvement in the alveolar ventilation of COPD, CHF patients and healthy individuals.
Monovacâncias em grafite por cálculos de primeiros princípios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Oeiras, Rodrigo Yoshikawa; Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7950372795840464
Estudo da continuidade em ligações laje-viga-pilar em estruturas pré-moldadas de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Kataoka, Marcela Novischi; Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470
The present research deals with the study of continuity in slab-beam-column connections in precast concrete structures, wherein an experimental investigation about the contribution of longitudinal reinforced bars, passing on the side of the column in the top of the slab, on the connector flexural stiffness. For this study, a beam-to-column connection was selected, comprising concrete corbel with dowel bars and continuity reinforced bars passing trough the column and fulfilling of grout in the interface of the connection. Two tests were carried out for the characterization of the moment-rotation relationship of two different connection prototypes, one with 100% of the continuity reinforced bars passing trough the column and another with 50% trough the column and 50% in the laterals. The experimental results indicate that bars passing on both sides of the column enhanced the moment-rotation relationship for the second prototype, being even more significant for the serviceability stage. However, rotations at the beginning of plasticization of the moment-rotation curve were close for the two prototypes. The results indicate that the transverse reinforcement between the slab and the beam was capable of mobilizing the external longitudinal bars at the same time of the internal longitudinal bars, passing through the column. Additionally, this reinforcement arrangement provided an increase of the cracking control within the connection zone at the end of the beam
Análise comparativa do alcance manual em lactentes jovens pré-termo e a termo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Toledo, Aline Martins de; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0342907311451855
This longitudinal study investigated the development of reaching behavior in the seated position in preterm infants at the ages of 5, 6 and 7 months by analyzing kinematic variables (straightness and adjustment indexes, movement unit, mean and final velocities). The correlation between kinematic variables and grasping was verified. The participants were nine low-risk preterm infants with no cerebral lesions. Ten fullterm infants served as control. In both groups, kinematic variables remained unchanged over age, except for the adjustment index, which was higher at 6 months in the preterm group. Successful grasping increased in both groups over age and it was shown to be negatively correlated with mean velocity in the preterm infants. At the ages of 6 and 7 months, preterms showed lower mean and final velocities and higher adjustment index when compared with fullterms. The relative constancy in the kinematic variables suggests that, after having explored the action possibilities during the acquisition phase, the infants selected an adaptative pattern to perform the reaching movements. Slower movements and greater adjustments may be functional strategies of preterms to achieve successful grasps.
Avaliação subjetiva da função do joelho da sensibilidade proprioceptiva antes e após a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Lobato, Daniel Ferreira Moreira; Serrão, Fábio Viadanna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3736858758375395
Several studies have shown the important role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee proprioception. However, there are still few studies that had evaluate the characteristics of proprioception acuity in the early period of rehabilitation after the ACL-reconstructed surgery, over all when it was associated to functional outcomes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate knee proprioception and subjective knee function in subjects who had an ACL injury, before and after (3 months) the reconstruction surgery with the middle third of patellar tendon autograft; and in control subjects. Ten volunteers who had unilateral ACL injury (26.9±6.8 years) reconstructed group - and fifteen health volunteers (22.1±3.0 years) control group performed a proprioceptive evaluation (joint position sense - JPS during active and passive movements, threshold for detection of passive movement TDPM) on a Biodex Multi-Joint System III Pro isokinetic dynamometer, at 2º/s and at two target-angles (30º and 60º of knee flexion). The variables analyzed were the mean of angular displacement (TDPM) and the mean of absolute error (JPS) in relation to each target-angle. The subjective knee function was evaluated by Lysholm scale. The analyses of variance showed subjective functional deficit in involved limb, compared to the uninvolved limb, as well as in relation to the control group, in both test moments (p<0.01). Although no significant, the results showed a tendency for higher TDPM in the reconstructed group (p=0.06). There was no significant difference in the mean of absolute error between the groups (p>0.05), for any modality of JPS, target-angles or test moments. The TDPM showed strong correlation with the subjective knee functional score (just in the involved limb). Under the experimental conditions utilized, the subjects who had an anterior cruciate ligament injury didn t show proprioceptive deficits in relation to the control group, although of the subjective functional limitations presented.
O ensino do Direito no Brasil e os limites e contradições na atuação do advogado público.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Cotrim, Lauro Teixeira; Tagliavini, João Virgílio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9916100221686788
Literature has been showing that the teaching of Law hás been going through a big crisis, due mainly to the proliferation of low-quality courses and Law schools and the exhaustion of the epistemologic paradigm based on juridical positivism, which is the basis of the dogmatic teaching method used in Law courses. On the other hand, the practice as an attorney in a federal university has allowed the author to notice that the practice of a civil lawyer is marked by a large attachment to the law, as the only formula used to solve the juridical problems submitted to their appraisal. Thus, from a materialistic-historical approach, mainly taking into account the labor social division which characterizes the capitalist system, the author analyses the crisis of Law instruction in Brazil, especially the process of expansion of the logic of the market over education, as well as the characteristics of the practice of a civil lawyer. Aiming at this, he uses data on the number of Law schools, courses, enrollments and Bachelors of Law; tests and results of the exam to which the bachelors are submitted; pronouncements and actions of the Brazilian Lawyers Order (OAB) on the results of the exam and the creation of new Law schools and courses; civil servant exams to become a civil lawyer; verdicts produced by federal attorneys who work in a federal university; and on the organizational and bureaucratic structures of the Advocacia-Geral da União. The analysis of the data shows that the growth of Law courses responds to a market expansion logic which leads to transformations of the instruction and the bachelors into merchandises which will be part of the reserve army of law professions, waiting for an opportunity which the market cannot fulfill. The OAB exam works as a mechanism of control of this market reserve for the lawyers who have already gotten their professional register and that feel threatened by the large number of bachelors who graduate every year. The transformation of instruction and bachelors into merchandise goes with the division of intellectual work and the dogmatic teaching method which stems from it, since it requires low investment and offers the future bachelor a role of simply reproducing the dominant ideology and the legal system which symbolizes it. The content analysis of the OAB exams and the civil services exams for federal attorneys shows that the multiple choice questions favor the questions based on the law, or in the best of cases, jurisprudence and doctrine. The configuration of the federal attorney career and the bureaucratic mechanisms of control of their activities, especially the creation of the Procuradoria-Geral Federal and the publishing of verdicts, norms and other bureaucratic measures by higher instances are used to discipline the practice and establish a real intellectual hierarchy which restricts the role of the lawyers to reproducing the dominant ideology represented by the legal system. The analysis of verdicts produced by federal attorneys confirms that these professionals stick to the law and, in a smaller degree, appeal to jurisprudence and doctrine as a basis for solving problems. Therefore, the process of preparing a Bachelor in Laws in a dogmatic approach, which begins with the classes in Law school and deepens with the need of passing the OAB exam and civil service exams to become civil attorneys, consolidates in a practice marked by the bureaucratic control and the attachment to the law as the only interpretation model, with no room for a critical view of Law which could contribute to making real justice, the biggest mission of a lawyer.
Movimento de interface para duas equações de reação-difusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Biesdorf, João; Nascimento, Arnaldo Simal do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609243657130387; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9789976538941920
In this work, following [15], we will use the technique of matched asymptotic expansions to study the movement of interface for the solutions of an advection-reaction- difuusion equations and the equation of reaction-difusion with spatially of inhomogeneous reaction term. We will get that the equations of such movements are equal. Also we will study a system of equations without the drift term and will compare the movement of its interfaces with the equation of the model of chemotaxis considered by Mimura and TsujiKawa [13] and [14]. Keywords: Asymptotic expansions, mean curvature motion.
Associação da região centromérica do cromossomo 14 com espessura de gordura em bovinos da raça Canchim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Veneroni, Gisele Batista; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7780957703525355
Canchim is a synthetic breed that has been used in the beef cattle industry as an alternative for production intensification. However, this breed has poor fat deposition. Therefore researches have been done with the objective of increasing the fat deposition in this breed. These efforts include search for molecular markers that could aid the identification of animals with greater genetic potential for this trait. In several bovine populations the centromeric region of chromosome 14 was related with fat deposition. The thyroglobulin gene is located at 4.46 Mb in that chromosome and reports describe the influence of a polymorphism in the 5´ leader sequence of that gene on marbling and fat thickness. The scope of this work was to analyze the effect of this polymorphism in the thyroglobulin gene as well as of two flanking microsatellite markers, CSSM066 (2.95 Mb) and ILSTS011 (6.93 Mb) on backfat thickness of Canchim beef cattle. Five hundred and seventy two animals of two groups genetic (CA and MA), raised in two farms and pertaining to 64 half-sib families were evaluated. Associations of marker genotypes with phenotypic measures (backfat thickness) were analyzed by a mixed model. The results showed that microsatellite marker CSSM066 had a significant effect on fat thickness in the studied populations. However, this trait was not significantly associated with the polymorphism of the thyroglobulin gene and with the microsatellite marker ILSTS011, what suggests that another gene located in the centromeric region of chromosome 14 of bovine can be responsible for the variation on this trait. The genome region close to CSSM066 marker, that indicated association with fat thickness in our study, should be further investigated to produce information that may be incorporated in improvement programs
Efeito de diferentes intervenções domiciliares no desenvolvimento de crianças contaminadas por chumbo: um estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Ribeiro, Máyra; Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9373666255556332
Lead is a toxic metal that affects all the organs and systems of the human body, being its absorption bigger in children and pregnant women. Although the harmful effect of lead in infantile development (e.g., hyperactivity, cognitive deficit, low efficiency at school, etc) there are no studies on the effect of intervention programs for this population. The objectives of this work were: 1. to compare, the acquisition of abilities (foreseen in the Portage Guide) for children of 3 to 5 years old, with average level of lead equal to 21 g/dl at four moments and 2. to verify the effect of two domiciliary interventions (A: individual training of the mother according to procedures of the Portage Guide, and the other, B: toys and models of tricks available to the child - environmental enrichment) in its performance. Two groups of 4 children were analyzed, being two groups of intervention and one of waiting control. The delineation counts on: evaluation retrospect (2002/03), a pre-test evaluation of all children in Portage Guide and HOME; implementation of the intervention programs with groups A and B (23 sessions); sounding the trained and emergent behaviors (application of the Portage Guide); retaken of the intervention program (9 weeks); post-test 1 (Portage Guide and HOME); post-test 2 (Portage Guide); post-test 3 with only one child of each group; besides the weekly evaluation of the children s performance through observation and record and posterior intervention with the controlled group. The results pointed to a decay of performance in the Portage Guide of evaluation 2002/03 for the pre-test, in the three groups, being the greater deficits in the cognition and language areas. After the period of intervention, children from group A got greater addition of behaviors, followed by group B and finally group C. The environment quality and care of these children came to be insufficient, but with improvements to the intervention for the submitted groups. It can be concluded that the two interventions speed up the development, but with better results for the intervention with parents guiding. The results indicate, also, that deficits of behavior tend to extend themselves throughout the time when it comes to this population.
Demanda de oxigênio da mineralização de detritos refratários de macrófitas aquáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Sciessere, Luciana; Bianchini Júnior, Irineu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0782646321102015
This study evaluated the oxygen demand in the mineralization of Cyperus giganteus and Salvinia auriculata coleted in Óleo lagoon (21º 26' S e 47º 49' W), Luiz Antonio, SP. The C. giganteus experiment assayed the detritus age influence over the oxygen consumption during the decomposition process; besides the detritus age, the S. auriculata experiment evaluated the influence of the presence of sediment as a source of nutrients and microorganisms, and the presence of oxygen during the previous decomposition. Incubations were prepared using lagoon water and macrophytes samples, which were maintained under controlled conditions: 20 ºC, in the dark, and in aerobic environment. The results of the C. giganteus experiment indicated that the aerobic mineralization processes of the integral detritus consumed high dissolved oxygen concentrations in a short period of time, while the refractory detritus generated 2,3 times lower oxygen demand. Thus, those detritus tend to accumulate on the Óleo lagoon sediment and generate, in a long term, low dissolved oxygen demands until they became a permanent sediment compound. The S. auriculata experiment indicated that during the detritus aerobic decomposition (that occurs on the sediment superficial layers) the bentonic oxygen demand did not increased by the presence of microorganisms and nutrients discharged by the sediment. Regarding the detritus age, 180 days decomposition seems to be enough to observe changes in the consumed dissolved oxygen, since it was possible to observe a smaller DO consumption in those detritus decomposition when compared with younger detritus. The previous decomposition under aerobic conditions influenced the rate of the oxygen consumption process; pre-decomposed detritus under anaerobic conditions presented higher kD values, probably related to the higher fiber disaggregation. Thus, the changes in the oxygenation conditions that can occur on the lagoon sediment surface could modify the aerobic decomposition rates, and, as a consequence, the oxygen consumption of macrophytes decomposition half-life times.
Estudo de interação genótipo x ambiente para peso e perímetro escrotal à desmama na raça Canchim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Carvalho, Fábio Menezes de; Alencar, Maurício Melo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5820621195433780
In beef cattle genetic evaluation programs, the existence of genotype x environment interaction is of special interest when merit of the animals depends on the environment they are evaluated, that is, when a genotype is superior in one environment but not in others. The objective in this study was to evaluate the existence of genotype x environment interaction for weight (WW) and scrotal circumference (SC) at weaning in Canchim cattle, using data belonging to herds from Southeast and Mid West regions of Brazil. Herds were grouped according to two criteria: (1) by geographical region, considering animals born in Southeast and Mid West regions of Brazil; (2) by homogeneous production regions, considering only animals born in the State of São Paulo. Data on 29,367 WW and 8,800 SC were used for analyses in criterion 1, and 15,041 WW for analyses in criterion 2. The region in which the calf was born and raised was considered as the environment, and two methods were used to evaluate the interaction by both criteria. In method 1, genetic correlation between the same trait among the environments, in two (criterion 1) and three-trait (criterion 2) analyses, was estimated, considering the trait in each region as a different trait, using the derivative free restricted maximum likelihood method, with a statistical model which included the fixed effects of contemporary group (breeder-owner-year and season of birth-sex-genetic group of dam-feeding regime) and the covariates age of dam (linear and quadratic effects) and age of calf (linear effect; only for SC), and the additive direct and maternal, permanent environmental and residual random effects. Spearman rank correlations for breeding values of bulls in different regions were also calculated. In method 2, for both criteria, one-trait analyses using two similar models were done, but one with and the other without the uncorrelated sire-region random effect, and the difference between them was tested by the likelihood ratio test. In criterion 1, the genetic correlations between WW and SC in Southeast and Mid West regions were equal to 0.78 and 0.97, respectively, while in criterion 2, the genetic correlations between WW in West of São Paulo - Paraná and Araraquara regions, West of São Paulo - Paraná and Leiteira regions, and Araraquara and Leiteira regions were 0.87, 0.69 and 0.76, respectively. The rank of bulls according to their breeding values changed from one region to the others, and the models with and without sire-region effect were different, for all traits. These results suggest the existence of genotype x environment interaction for the traits in the studied population.
Fatores condicionantes da flora marginal e aquática do estuário do rio Massaguaçu (Caraguatatuba – SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Ribeiro, José Pedro Nepomuceno; Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5713780053868735
Both the biotic and abiotic characteristics of a habitat determine which species can live in this habitat. The frontier of two different habitats creates a transition zone, called ecotone. The transition of the Atlantica Forest and the Restinga is normally related to the presence of salt. The salt is a border line for vegetation. In costal habitats, the salt spray increases the salt in the soil, besides having a direct effect on the vegetations tissues. Riparian vegetation on the other hand, has its characteristics linked with the characteristics of the adjacent water bodies. We worked in an estuary in Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, where the Atlantic and Restinga Forests co-occurs in its margins. Our objective was to determine how the salt spray and the estuary water influence the composition of the vegetation of the arboreal component of its margins. Our results show abiotic and floristical composition differences between three different ambients. The characteristics of the estuary water and soil have little influence and the salt spray has great influence on the separation of these ambients, but the salt spray did.
Efeito do treinamento de força excêntrica no controle autonômico da freqüência cardíaca de idosos durante o repouso e contrações isométricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eccentric strength training (ST) on autonomic control of heart rate (HR) evaluated at rest and during isometric exercise. Nine healthy men (62 ±2 years old) were submitted to 12 weeks of ST for knee extensors and flexors muscles (2x/week, 2-4 series of 8-12 repetitions, 70-80% of eccentric peak torque). Before and after the ST, the HR and its variability were evaluated at rest (supine and seated conditions) and during the sub-maximal isometric contractions (SIC; 15, 30 and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction) of knee extension wich were performed during 240s or until exhaustion. The HR was obtained at pre- (60s), during and post SIC (120s). Then, the variation (∆) between the resting HR and HR at 10, 30, 60s and end of contraction observed during each SIC was analyzed. The HR variability was evaluated by the RMSSD index, which was determined in resting condition and during SIC (i.e., two windows of 30s in duration at the beginning and end of R-R interval data). The ANOVA two-way (repeated measures) and t-test was utilized for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The ST increased the eccentric torque (extension: 210 ± 38 to 252.7 ± 61 N.m, flexion: 117.6 ± 25.1 to 133 ± 27.3 N.m) , but did not change the HR and HR variability at rest (HR supine: 62 ± 11 to 65 ± 9 bpm, HR seated: 62 ± 11 to 66 ± 9, RMSSD supine: 28.5 ± 18 to 21.5 ± 8.4, RMSSD seated: 30.4 ± 2 to 18.9 ± 6.2). The ST did not modify the isometric peak torque (177.6 ± 25 to 195.2 ± 31,2 N.m) and the time of execution of each SIC (15%: 240 to 240s, 30%: 203.4 ± 55 to 218 ± 5s, 40%: 135.6 ± 56.7 to 144.6 ± 55.6s). During the SIC, the pattern of HR response (significative increase in ∆HR from 30s to the end of contraction in 15 and 40%) and the RMSSD index (significative decrease from the first 30s to the last 30s of contraction in all levels of effort) was similar for the pre- and post training. Despite the ST increased the eccentric torque, it did not generate changes in the autonomic control of heart rate at rest and during the SIC.
O papel de relações de controle de estímulos na aprendizagem relacional de indivíduos com deficiência mental e com desenvolvimento típico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-26) Grisante, Priscila Crespilho; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5819921002758483
Accordingly to stimulus control topography coherence theory the variability found in some stimulus equivalence experimental studies could be reduced or eliminated by a larger experimental control upon the controlling relations established on conditional relations training. Therefore, this research had as general goals: 1) investigating emergence of classes of equivalence stimuli between visual abstract stimuli, using a mask procedure in teaching conditional discriminations (to induce controlling relations by selection and by rejection) in preschool children and in individuals with Down Syndrome (participants up to now not studied with this procedure) and 2) verifying if the controlling relations involved in teaching of conditional discriminations coincided with those planned by the researcher. Two six year old typically developing children took part in Experiment 1 consisted by the phases: 1) pretraining; 2) teaching the conditional relations AB, BC, CD; 3) testing relations DA, AD, CA, AC, DB, BD and 4) testing to verify the controlling relations involved on baseline. A computer presented stimuli and recorded responses. For one of the participants, one-node equivalence classes were established and the controlling relations were consistent with those planned (both, by selection and rejection). The second paticipant did not show the expected emergent performances and showed inconsistent stimulus control. Experiment 2 was carried out with a child and an adolescent with Down Syndrome and consisted of the phases: 1) pretraining; 2) teaching the conditional relations AB, BC; 3) testing relations CA, AC and 4) testing to verify the controlling relations. In Experiment 2 none of the subjects showed the expected emergent performances in three presentations of test sessions. Moreover, they showed acquisition of control relations inconsistent with those planned. The results support the hypothesis that the variability found in stimulus equivalence research can be explained by the acquisition of different controlling relations throughout the teaching and also suggest that the kind of procedure employed on tests to verify the controlling relations can be efficient to identify these stimulus control relations.