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Desenvolvimento de eletrodo FGM a base de Ni-zircônia para célula a combustível de sólido óxido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-01) Lima, Andressa Bastos da Mota; Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1551232682175035
The search for alternatives sources to fossil fuel has stimulated the technological development of solid oxide fuel cell. Hydrogen is the ideal fuel for this application. However, due to technical reasons, alternatives fuels to hydrogen such as methanol and natural gas has been tested. Therefore, the use of these fuels makes necessary the substitution of the anode materials that are normally used with hydrogen. The anode materials substitution must be based on the knowledge about the relationship between anode microstructure and its performance during cell operation. This knowledge makes possible introduce new materials besides new fabrication process for solid oxide fuel cell anodes. The main characteristics of anode are: high chemical activity and durability. The durability of the anode can be attained using FGM material that makes possible to match the thermal expansion of the interfaces. Ni-8YSZ cermet is normally used as anode material. In this work it was studied the cermets Ni-8YSZ as electrodes on the YSZ electrolyte. Two types of electrodes were prepared: with and without compositional gradient along the electrode thickness. This work was developed in two steps. The first one was the development of the powder 8YSZ-NiO suspension with the appropriated rheological characteristics. The second one was the electrodes characterization by impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that electrodes containing layers with ≤30 vol% Ni are inefficient to promote the reactions because de Ni particles are not percolated.
Um formalismo relacional para o desenvolvimento de arranjo físico industrial.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-01) Torres, Isaías; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9268170751052087
The facility layout planning is an important factor of production systems. It is an important step of the facility planning process where converge determinants from business strategy, economic and work factors, among others. The knowledge and techniques of this application area have evolved as the factory concept itself have changed and new aspects were considered as important ones. The traditional tools and techniques have considered just part of the aspects related to the layout, as proximity relationships and material flows. This work aimed to determine a formalism able to represent, in an integrated way, the aspects considered during the creation and evaluation of layout alternatives by multidisciplinary design teams. This formalism, based on objects and relationships, breaks with the prescriptive vision present in traditional facility layout software. The software that has been developed from the formalism presents an innovative way for layout designing, and points out to several other innovation opportunities. It is expected that this formalism may be used for developing software to support work activities of people involved with industrial facilities planning.
Contribuições para a transformação das práticas escolares: racionalidade comunicativa em Habermas e dialogicidade em Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-01) Gabassa, Vanessa; Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5396825135338274
The thematic of this paper is based on the concept of dialogical action by Paulo Freire as well as rationality and communicative action by Habermas. Its purpose was fundamentally to analyze the concept of dialogue based on Freire s works and likewise the concept of communicative action based on Habermas s works: to highlight each author s specificities as well as the convergence of ideas from the works which were studied, and also to verify how technical rationality can be reconsidered according to communicative action and dialogical action in order to build a school which is both effective for and with everyone. Based on such aims, the study was conducted by the following research question: Which elements does the concept of communicative action by Habermas and dialogical action by Freire provide in order to have technical rationality reconsidered from these two types of action with the purpose of building a school which is both effective for and with everyone? In order to answer this question, a bibliographical and exploratory research was developed based on the reading of several works by both authors with the purpose of elaborating a text capable of answering that question by having summaries and bibliographical files as main sources. The school context commanded by technical rationality was also explored. Likewise, aspects of modernity and neoliberalism were approached in order to contextualize the study proposed. The history of the reason was overlooked from its birth in philosophy up to its comprehension in social sciences with the attempt of revising the object of study. Furthermore, the research was focused on Habermas and Freire s works by contrasting their ideas as well as by showing their agreements and relating their proposals to the rationality question which is present in the scopes of socialization, teaching and school administration. From the studies proposed, the elements of truth, veracity and character posture pointed by Habermas in order to achieve communicative action, as well as the elements love, hope, humility, trustfulness, faith in the world and in people and the critical thinking of Freire were highlighted as being requirements for the establishment of a true and liberating dialogue. In addition, the way they see the world and history shows that the human being is understood as being a historic subject, provided with language skills and actions and, therefore, capable of changing his world, which is also historic and, consequently, trained and not determined though. Through this work, it was possible to evaluate that the elements brought by Freire and Habermas can help on developing a solidarity environment in the schools, which would replace competitiveness and individualism, and also help on promoting the type of teaching on which educators and students can teach and learn at the same time, by building together their learning contents: a school at which the administration is effectively democratic, built both with and for everyone.