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Processos de educar e educar-se em instituição de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-05) Silva, Lígia Maria Portela da; Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7053146729033200
This work investigated how educators and students, who participated in the program of attending on children and adolescents at risk situation, are educated in order to recognize and respect the differences and also recognize their potentialities and limits, exercising their reflexive, critical, and propositive capacity. It was developed in 2006 and 2007, with the Programa Conquista Criança, a municipal action of attending on children and adolescents at risk situation, in Vitória da Conquista, in the State of Bahia, and it had as field of empiric research two workshops developed by the Program. The goals of the research were: a) to identify and analyze the conceptions of educators and students about education, educator, child and adolescent, and about the aims and the action of the Programa Conquista Criança; b) to analyze the educator s and the student s praxis and their formative process, identifying the different spaces, experiences and moments in which this process takes place. In this work, we understand education as a dialogical process, in the freirian perspective, in which the subjects involved are educated in relation to themselves and to the world, through reflexion and action, noticing reality as a process in continuous transformation. In this way, people educate and are educated in the several social practices in which they are inserted, so education also happens beyond the school space. For the development of the research the following proceedings were used: conversations, non-systematic observations and systematic ones, which were all registered in a field diary; interviews, and after the interview transcriptions, discussion with the participants were made; data analysis elaborated by the researcher was also discussed with the participants. Nineteen sections of observation and ten interviews were accomplished. Two educators and two students participated in this process. The elements that appeared from the adopted procedures permitted us establish the following categories of analysis, systematizing the participants conceptions and experiences: Visions of oneself and of the other; Visions of education and of the educative work in the Programa Conquista Criança; The daily work. That analysis led to the following dimensions understanding which aims at the citizenship formation: To do things together; To question, to listen, to say, to dialogue; To seek coherence of one s own behavior, keeping in touch with one s own history and inner truth; To exercise faith in the human being; To have and provide space of being and acting, exercising autonomy and responsibility. This work contributes to the reflection and elaboration of formative proposals to educators that act in the infantile and juvenile area, offering elements to think about the educative work, specially the one that is developed in institutions of attendance on children and young people at risk situation. The pointed dimensions can be of special interest to think over the practices developed at the school spaces, including the university and processes of education building knowledge.
Designação e argumentação em uma ação popular da cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-05) Canassa, Marcela Codognatto; Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2991827496498503
This work is developed with the perspective theory and methodology of the Semantics of happening and has the objective to understand how to work the designation of language, more specificaly, to analyze how to work to the juridical argumentation through the designations. As an example we took as an analyze object a juridical process named Ação Popular 2, where the petitioner locutors ask the preservation of the public square Coronel Paulino Carlos de Arruda Botelho, where the one who were required were building commercial points to ambulant commmerce. In conclusion we contacted that there is two relations of antonym in this process that mobilized the argumentation. A big one which happen between the enunciation of the petitioners locutors and those used by who were required; and a specific one, which happen in the interior of the enunciation of the petitioners locutors which through of the deignations and of the memorables, guide the argumentation in favor of the preservation of the Square Paulino Carlos as historic patrimony of the city, and so the square stays as the space of the local identity preservation.
A reestruturação das cadeias de suprimentos de sementes de milho híbrido no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-05) Dias, Fernando Mayer; Alves, Maria Rita Pontes Assumpção; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1699788011520872
The changes in the supply and in the products demand have motivated the companies to look for new ways of management, able to integrate the organizations, based on the development of relationships with business partners. In the hybrid corn seeds sector in Brazil, this search started in the end of nineties, when this sector was restructured, creating a new hybrid supply in the market and raising the competition. The higher products supply associated with the changes in the seeds demand profile has resulted in difficulties for the processors to establish the mix in order to serve the farmers, creating wastes in obsolete stock forms. This paper proposes a study of multiple cases in order to clarify casual links between the supply chain structure and the obsolete seeds wastes. The participant members, the structural dimensions, the integrations of the demand management process and the products and information flows were all identified. The results of this research point out that the national hybrid corn seeds sector shows two distinct supply chain structures. A traditional structure, that counts on the presence of the retail to offer its products in the market, and a new structure which serves directly the farmers. The results also point out that the waste of hybrid corn seeds in Brazil is related to supply chain structure. The presence of a numerous immediate tier customers and the lack of collaborative working between the processor and the retail blocks the processors demand visibility. The activities that form the demand management are made mainly by the processor, with a functional work structure and showing a low level of integration with the retail. The lack of information about the demand results in seeds production plan based on the stores orders, raising the distortion on the demand estimate, creating the bullwhip effect. Besides that, it leads the seeds processor to push inventory forward based on forecasting. The push inventory raises the level of the stocks and causes a risk of incorrect stocks in the retail, mainly because it is an innovative product with hard forecasting. These problems were not verified in the structure that serves the farmer directly. In this case, there is a higher integration of the demand management process, what allows a reduction of wastes.
Operação ótima de reator para síntese enzimática de ampicilina com cristalização simultânea dos produtos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-05) Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
Nowadays, industrial production of semi-synthetic penicillins requires low temperatures, organochloride solvents and yields a great amount of non-recyclable wastes. During the last decades, concerns about environmental impacts have increased, as well as the environmental legislation restrictions. Thus, the pursuit of cleaner routes has been encouraged. Enzymatic synthesis of these antibiotics, using penicillin G acylase (PGA) as biocatalyst, may be carried out at mild temperatures and pH, and is an environmentalfriendly route, alternative to the chemical synthesis. However, the low yields of the enzymatic process are still a drawback for their industrial implementation. An enzymatic semi-batch reactor using aqueous-precipitated medium is a promising approach to improve process efficiency. Yet, finding the optimal operation condition of the reactor is still a challenge, in order to make the enzymatic route economically competitive. This thesis addresses this issue, focusing on several aspects of the enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin. The comprehension of the reaction mechanism, still not a consensus in the literature, was improved especially with respect to the role of the beta-lactam nucleus during the formation of the acyl-enzyme intermediate, which has important consequences on the reactor operation. Diffusion in the biocatalyst pores and its influence on the pH profile within this micro-environment were assessed through computer simulations. Results indicate considerable diffusion resistances within the biocatalyst, yielding important pH profiles. The process complexity leaded to the use of simplified mechanistic or empirical kinetic models. Applying dynamic optimization (optimal control) techniques, feed profiles for the reactants were obtained. A simplified model for the integrated semi-batch reactor for enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin with product crystallization was used for this purpose. Different techniques of dynamic optimization provided qualitatively the same optimum heuristics for the process operation. Since simplified models were used in optimal open-loop control algorithms, theoretical feed policies may diverge from those that would be needed to maintain the track of the concentration profiles of the optimized reactor. Moreover, disturbances in the input variables might lead the system to a different course. Thus, on-line monitoring is essential in pilot plants or industrial reactors. Multivariate calibration using UV spectra was the basis for the development of a system of analysis via flow injection (FIA), with good results. Ampicillin synthesis assays using an industrial biocatalyst (Recordatti, Italy) were run in order to improve some simplified kinetic models. The re-estimated models were inserted in optimization algorithms, providing trajectories in accordance with the same heuristics previously obtained. Experimental results obtained after two runs in the integrated semi-continuous reactor put into evidence a mismatch between model responses and the real process. This difference may be explained by the extrapolation of the kinetic model with respect to the enzymatic reactor load. On the other side, using a biocatalyst wrapped with a secondary inert matrix might alter the microenvironment of the enzyme, especially with respect to pH. Using a model that takes into account the effect of pH on the kinetics seems to be important to allow the fine-tuning of the industrial reactor selectivity and productivity.