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Segurança em instalações elétricas provisórias em canteiros de obras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-09) Mantelli, Fernando Eduardo Alonso; Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5061094631681697
Temporary electric installations occur in small, average and great construction-sites and many times for being of temporary nature are unsafe and precariously executed. The electricity, source of potential danger even in low tension, is responsible on significant part of the occupational accidents, directly by means of electrical shocks and burnings due the voltaic arcs or indirectly by means of injuries caused for machines, equipment and components, requiring therefore, special attention in order to prevent accidents. Through case study it is considered to verify the safety condition in a construction-site temporary electric installations in the NR 18 - Conditions and Environment of Work in Construction Industry regulations.
Implicações da organização da produção e do trabalho na atividade dos montadores de montagem estrutural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-09) Secchin, Vanessa Maria de Souza; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
The Ergonomic Analysis of Work (AET), based on the Analysis of the Activity, was used to understand (a) what is exactly an assembler of structural assembly and (b) how those professionals articulate regulation mechanisms in order to guarantee their health as well as productivity. The first inquiry is answered by the Integrator Model of the Work Activity, evidencing the craft character of the work of the assemblers of structural assembly. The second inquiry, searched through the Regulation Model, shows that the assemblers add to the activity through operative means the determinant resultant from the quality patterns and the product reliability, of the production temporary goals, of the available resources and its internal state, with prominence to the anticipation and postponement mechanisms. The complexity revealed by the analysis and the comparison of the perspective of the activity with other current rationalities produces new understandings concerning the activity of the assembler of structural assembly. The tensions lie on the activity levels, of the mechanism of coordination and of the way as the results of the production are valued enabling this way that organizational procedures and technical mechanism are created to contribute to reduce the work load and to increase operational switching and the assembler posture at his work spot.
Relações entre preferências térmicas humanas no interior de edificações e as temperaturas externas: um estudo sobre o método adotado na norma AHSRAE 55-2004
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-09) Gomes, Adriana Dias; Roriz, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355579765506588
Thermal comfort is specifically related to thermal behavior in response to both indoor and outdoor air temperature. Human thermal acceptability to climate changes and its effects depend on several aspects. It relies not only on local climatic conditions, but also on personal traits which can interfere seriously with thermal preferences as well as with someone s mental and physical performance. The combination of these factors determines the human thermal acceptability and the satisfaction degree in relation to a specific environment. The more those conditions vary, the higher the percentage of dissatisfied people with an environment is, due to personal requirements of each person. Thus, meeting those expectations of thermal comfort, considering people s needs and limitations, has been an important subject of studies in this field highlighting its importance when planning, designing, and constructing a building. Therefore, human thermal preferences and thermal sensations to hot and cold environments are essential information to various activity sectors because comfort and human performances depend directly on environmental thermal conditions. Since architecture, mainly buildings, is intended for humans, it can be said that it should satisfy its occupants, regarding local climate conditions. In order to have this, it s necessary to determine the comfort temperatures in which people develop better their work activities, optimizing their mental, physical, and intellectual well being. This research consists of a theoretical analytical study of the international large database, compiled by ASHRAE (1997), combining climate conditions with human thermal preferences and sensations. The methodology used by Richard De Dear (1997) in the RP-884 ASHRAE s project was the probit procedure using SAS software, release 8 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA, 1999) to the optimum temperatures obtained, and linear regression to the acceptable comfort limits of the population studied. The comfort limits obtained demonstrate the ratio between occupants comfort temperature and the outdoor temperature, featuring fluctuations of 80% to 90% of thermal acceptability in well-ventilated buildings. The aim of this study is to interpret the method adopted by Richard De Dear (1997) and apply it to the data resulting from the large ASHRAE (2004) Database to understand how the comfort temperatures (optimum temperatures) and the thermal acceptability were obtained for a group of people under predetermined indoor thermal conditions in well- ventilated buildings. The Probit analysis indicates the optimum temperature is 25ºC approximated, exactly 0,5 probability responses, that is, 50% interviewees. In the face the obtained results, it s succeeded the Probit analysis applicability has a great efficacy method to binary variable probability study and determination, which points out two interesting situations to research
Estrutura genética populacional de Brycon hilarii (Characidae) da sub-bacia do Rio Miranda, e seu significado para programas de conservação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-09) Sanches, Alexandra; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4999886032379825
Brycon hilarii (subfamily Bryconinae, Characidae), popularly known as piraputanga, is a migratory fish species distributed throughout the entire Paraguay River basin and largely appreciated for its meat quality as well as for fishing, besides being the main species of touristic value in the Bonito region (MS, Brazil). Considering the lack of information on the population genetic structure of these fish, the objective of the present study was to analyze, through the use of microsatellite markers, the distribution of the genetic variability in Brycon hilarii collected in different localities of the Miranda River sub-basin (Paraguay basin) in the Bonito region (MS). For such an end, at first a total of seven polymorphic microsatellite loci capable of producing a considerable genetic variation was prospected (among di-, tri- and tetranucleotides), with their also being efficient in the heterologous amplification for five other species of the genus. In the populational analysis of B. hilarii, the different samples presented very similar genetic diversity levels. Through the FST values, gene and genotype differentiation tests and Bayesian analysis, it was possible to verify (1) the existence of at least two genetic populations of Brycon hularii coexisting in the sampled range, despite being a potentially mobile species; and (2) that only the fish from a reproductive stock were genetically differentiated from the other samples, representing a putative population unit. It is possible that in the reproductive season the more genetically homogeneous individuals organize themselves into a population genetic unit or a reproductive stock, aiming the maintenance of their genetic integrity. These results on the genetic structure of B. hilarii constitute tools of extreme importance considering they can aid the understanding of the behavior and biology of these fish, contributing to fish management and species conservation programs.
Expressão recombinante da canacistatina em células de inseto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-09) Silva, Mylene de Melo; Silva, Flávio Henrique da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9301036866854470
Due to the great economic importance of sugarcane crop in Brazil, the occurrence of infections by phytopathogens leading to decreased productivity and quality remains a serious problem. As the plants have natural mechanisms of defense against the attack of fungi and insects, amongst which the inhibitors of proteases are distinguished, the use of these substances in the development of resistant plants or in pesticide production may be an interesting alternative. One of the major classes of protease inhibitors acting against the attack of pathogens is the cystatins, proteins that inhibit cysteine proteases specifically. Canecystatin was the first cysteine protease inhibitor characterized from sugarcane. This gene codes for a ~ 14 kDa protein that contains conserved regions common to the cystatin family. Although the protein has previously been produced in a bacterial system of expression, in this work we use this sugarcane cystatin as a model for the implementation of a heterologous protein expression system in insect cells. This system has some advantages relatively to the prokaryotic system such as the possibility of posttranslational modifications. The recombinant protein was expressed in this system in a soluble form and purified using affinity chromatography in a nickel column, rendering approximately 23 mg/L of pure protein. The activity of the protein was assayed against papain, being capable of inhibiting the activity of this cysteine protease efficiently. Furthermore, the stability of the protein was analyzed in different conditions of pH and temperature. We conclude that the canecystatin is a good model for the implementation of the Baculovirus Expression System at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the UFSCar
Assimilação de carbono e fluorescência da clorofila do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) sob condições contrastantes de irradiância, temperatura e disponibilidade de CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-09) Ronquim, Júlio Cesar; Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326794061371522
Leaf gas exchange and potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II of Coffea arabica L. cultivars Catuaí Vermelho, Icatu Amarelo and Obatã were evaluated under field conditions on clear and cloudy days in the wet season. Additionally, were compared seasonal photosynthetic responses in wet and dry periods of year to irradiance, temperature and water stress of C. arabica cv. Obatã non-grafted or grafted on to C. canephora Pierre. Finally, in laboratory conditions were evaluated CO2 assimilation and electron flow through photosystems II and I, in young plants of C. arabica cvs. Catuaí Vermelho, Obatã and Ouro Verde exposed to different thermal treatments during 14 h, under regular and saturated carbon concentration. The results provided evidence that in clear day occur the midday depression of leaf gas exchange and potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, due to the greater atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, causing a strong decrease (about 70%) in daily carbon gain. On a cloudy day, the daily carbon gain was barely limited by irradiance below light saturation point. During dry period, the grafted plants showed accentuated higher net photosynthesis when compared with the non-grafted plants, what demonstrated lower susceptibility to water stress and the favorable effects of grafting on yearly carbon gain. The results suggest that maintaining greater stomatal conductance and transpiration rates during dry period is more important for carbon balance than the efficient use of water. The optimal temperature for maximum net photosynthesis measured at 355 ppm CO2 was from 17-23 °C. The difference in optimal temperature range of maximum net photosynthesis when compared to maximum electron transport rate through photosystem II (26-29 °C) showing an imbalance between photochemistry and biochemistry phases of photosynthesis, resulting in electron excess. Elevated CO2 concentration did not affect the response of net carbon assimilation to temperature, despite the variation in optimal range between 23-29 °C for Catuaí Vermelho. At temperature of above 29 °C were measured the higher mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis, which was greater than stomatal limitations. Photosynthetic process of C. arabica is strongly inhibited at leaf temperature about 32 °C.
Esponjas (Porifera, Demospongiae) indicadoras ambientais na APA Meandros do Rio Araguaia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-09) Batista, Twiggy Cristina Alves; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7913740523066322
A first survey for freshwater sponges was carried out at the protected Amazonian area of Meandros do Rio Araguaia , at the Brazilian states of Tocantins, Mato Grosso and Goiás. The survey aimed to sample the largest number of different freshwater habitats from this Amazonian clear waters area. It was carried out at different GPS registered sampling stations, during high and low water periods. Water and sediments were also sampled at the same time aiming to relate sponge occurrences with the measured habitat parameters. For that purpose, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis were carried out over 12 habitat variables. The taxonomic analysis yielded the detection of the occurrence in this area of 21 freshwater sponge species, with the description of Heteromeyenia cristalina n. sp and the revision of the genus Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881, for South America. Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla gregaria, T. paulula, T. minuta, T. lanzamirandai, T. delicata, T. variabilis, T. pennsylvanica, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Acalle recurvata and Drulia browni indicated the seasonally flooded ponds and forest, Spongilla spoliata, Trochospongilla repens, Oncosclera navicella, O. spinifera and Drulia ctenosclera, indicated the rocky bottoms dwellers, Corvospongilla seckti and Oncosclera navicella were common to both habitats. Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and organic matter were the variables which indicated species higher richness at the different habitats. The high water variables appeared as the most important ones, since they favor sponges distribution and production in this area.