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O professor de matemática e seus saberes e suas necessidades em relação à sua disciplina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-11) Neves, Marcos Rogério; Pierson, Alice Helena Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2520482268922110
This work is a result of the research about the characteristics of the knowledge related to specific content of mathematics matter that a teacher is developing/reworking throughout his professional career. This is a case study, which the participant has the characteristics to be egress of the university course of the education of mathematics teachers; to have sought specific training in mathematics after three years of the professional practice and have a positive relationship with math and with their work. The design of teacher s knowledge that served as the basis emphasizes the social and discursive dimension of knowledge, proposing consider it as an expression of the practical reason, which belongs more to the fields of argument and the trial, than the fields of cognition and of information. We associate to the concept of knowledge the notion of relationship with knowledge, which guides us to consider the contexts and practices, in which the teacher is mobilizing to learn, or mobilize their knowledge in their interaction with students, the school team, with teaching materials and with the circumstances and demands of the profession. Through interviews, investigate how these contexts and practices influenced the construction of logical structure (requirements of rationality) of the teacher's way of thinking, over his career, especially considering the content of mathematics with which he works. Among the results of the research, we noticed that extent, the consistency, organization, the mechanisms for selection and improvement of knowledge of the teacher, concerning to the content of mathematics, are very influenced by the nature and function of their activity and, thus, for his practice in different situations and contexts linked to school. Throughout his career, he presents an authentic (and enviable) mobilization to learn that feeds the process of acquisition and updating of their knowledge, from their professional needs. However, in their experiences into the course of the education of mathematics teachers he found little support to reflect and improve their knowledge and their practices. Considering that the requirements of rationality are the conditions of intelligibility that a person need for the speech and its action their and the other make sense and are acceptable as evidence of a coherent dialogue, we noticed that the experiences of this subject in the universitary course little nurture the dialogue between the higher-level math and its knowledge, leaving, one hand, of to contribute in a meaningful way with their problem and thinking about the content, on the other, working to consolidate perspective in which their knowledge had been constructed to from their practice.
Caracterização limnológica e inventário de diversidade das comunidades de macrófitas em cinco lagos tropicais: composição florística, biomassa e macroinvertebrados associados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-11) Tavares, Katia Sendra; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
In the present study five tropical lakes located in Minas Gerais State were studied. The methodology followed the scheme of rapid inventories of aquatic diversity as used in the AquaRAP Program. Four lakes belonging to the Lacustrine System of the Middle Rio Doce Valley (Carioca, Verde, Águas Claras e Almécega) were sampled in the rainy (December 2003) and dry (May 2004). Tropeiros Lake located in the wetlands of Piumhi River backwaters, a River formerly belonging to Rio Grande basin, but that had its course changed to São Francisco basin, was sampled in October 2006, at the beginning of the rainy season. The lakes of the Middle Rio Doce Valley had high water transparency (Secchi Disk readings varying from 2.0 to 2.9m), low water conductivity (20 to 38 µScm-1), pH slightly acid to slightly alkaline (6.2 8,4) and well oxygenated (3.9 to 7.8 mg/L). All lakes were mesotrophic in December, 2003 (Total P varying from 17.38 to 21.62µg/L), but oligotrophic in May, 2004, except Lake Carioca which was mesotrophic. Tropeiros Lake was found to be mesotrophic at the sampling time. Total P varying from 23.2 a 45.4 µg/L) pH varying from neutral to alkaline (7.0 to 9.2), moderate water conductivity (39.6 to 54.7 µScm-1) and oxygen concentrations varying from low to moderate (1.5 a 6.1mg/L). The occurrence of a El-Niño event in the years of 2002 and 2003 altered the regional pluviometric regime in the region of the Valley of the Middle Rio Doce, MG, causing almost 40% reduction of the total annual precipitation, with a marked decrease of the lakes water level. As a consequence, macrophyte communities richness was low, with a total of 20 species of macrophytes only. On the other hand a high species richness was observed in Tropeiros Lake, with a total of 28 species registered. Among the studied lakes in the Middle Rio Doce Valley no relationship was found between the biomass of macrophytes per unity area and the size of the lakes nor between the amount of biomass and the trophic state of the lakes. In all five lakes studied the macroinvertebrates communities associated with macrophytes were mainly constituted by Chironomidae (Diptera) a pattern found in freshwaters world wide. A linear positive relationship was found between the macrophyte biomass and the associated macroinvertebrates biomass in Tropeiros Lake. Tropeiros Lake, although inventoried once had a higher macrophyte taxa richness, higher macrophyte biomass and higher associated macroinvertebrates biomass, probably representing a hot-spot of diversity for both, macrophytes and associated macroinvertebrates communities.