Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2007-05-14"

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O processo de capacitação para a produção enxuta: estudo de caso na Volvo do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-14)
Meirelles, Helena Teixeira
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Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5866457906977135
Most companies attempting to implement Lean Manufacturing have focused only on the manufacturing process (tools and techniques) and have ignored the cultural aspects, essential to the change management process. This explains the partial success they have experienced in their efforts to become lean and is largely related to an inefficient qualification process, which were not enough to develop the competencies demanded by this production system. In order to understand better and to analyze how companies are qualifying their employees, this work has the objective to characterize and to analyze the qualification process developed by a company that has been going through a comprehensive lean transformation process. The characterization accomplished help us to understand how companies can qualify their employees in Lean Manufacturing System and how they can structure their qualification process in order to develop the competencies demanded by this paradigm. The analysis of the field research s results consisted in positioning the qualification process found against the studied theory, providing important insights about the direction future qualification activities should be addressed or about the way they should be drived. In the theory field, it is important to emphasize the contribution of the framework developed, which gathered and related different dimensions (critical elements) of Lean Manufacturing System, helping the investigation and analysis of the guidelines to the qualification process for this Production System.
Fases geométricas e invariantes dinâmicos em mecânica quântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-16)
Duzzioni, Eduardo Inácio
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Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7783163368484914
The increasing interest to understand the geometric phases (mainly due to the possi- bility to achieve geometric quantum computation robust against some kind of errors) and the search for new techniques to solve time-dependent problems in Quantum Mechanics, are the topics approached in this thesis. i) Within nowadays technology, it is presented a scheme to control and measure the nonadiabatic geometric phases in cavity quantum electrodynamics. In this context, it is possible to generate superposition states of the cavity mode which acquire relative phases of purely geometric character, termed the geometric Schrödinger cat-like states. ii) For two interacting Bose-Einstein condensates in the two-mode approximation, modeled by a Hamiltonian whose parameters are time dependent, the nonadiabatic and noncyclic geometric phase acquired by the state of the system is analyzed. For this purpose, analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation are obtained in di¤erent regimes of parameters. Connections between the constants of motion associated to each solution and the geometric phases are established. The e¤ects of the time-dependent parameters on the geometric phase as well as the population imbalance and relative phase between the two condensed components are analyzed. iii) Starting only from the parallel transport condition, it is presented a general de…- nition of the geometric phase acquired by the basis states of a system. The de…ned phase generates gauge invariant observables which apply to a general scenario of adiabatic or nonadiabatic, cyclic or noncyclic, and transitional or nontransitional evolutions of pure or mixed states of the system. Several results presented in the literature are recovered. iv) Finally, together with some considerations about the dynamical invariant tech- nique, it is presented an alternative method to obtain the density operator of two level systems. Preliminary results show that this method can be extended to dissipative as well as interacting two level systems, such as spins-1=2 chains
Uso de métodos clássicos e bayesianos em modelos de regressão beta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-18)
Reitman, Diomedes Pael
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0290791444723891
This work involves a study of a regression model appropriated for situations which the response variable is measured in a continuous scale in the (0, 1) interval, as, for instance, taxes or proportions. The developed inferences were based on the Classic and Bayesian methodology. A discussion about the application of the beta regression model is presented.
Síntese de ácidos anacárdicos e análogos, candidatos a inibidores da enzima gliceraldeido-3-fosfato desidrogenase glicossomal de Trypanosoma cruzi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-18)
Pereira, Junia Motta
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6882588789482791
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in 15 countries in Latin America, including Brazil, and it is estimated that about 16 million people are infected by this protozoan. The enzyme glyceraldehyde-3- phosphato-dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) is one of the nine enzymes involved in the T. cruzi glycolysis and experimentally it was proved that inhibition of this metabolic pathway causes the elimination of trypanosomes in the bloodstream. Among several natural products that have presented interesting inhibitory activity against this enzyme are the anacardic acids, isolated from cashew-nut shells. Many biologic and/or pharmacologic properties have been described for this class of compounds. In this work a serie of anacardic acids and analogues were synthetized and their biological activity evaluated . In total, 23 compounds were prepared and evaluated against T. cruzi gGAPDH and Schistossoma mansoni purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzymes. In both cases the most active compound was 6-n-decylsalicylic acid with IC50 of 55 and 30 M respectively. Through the analysis of the experimental results together with the molecular dock studies, it was possible to observe that the size and substituents of alkyl side chain in these compounds can influence the inhibitory activity and the free hydroxyl groups in the ring are essential for the activity.
Estudo do mecanismo eletroforético de coleta na filtração de aerossóis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-18)
Mello, Rafael Lopes Seabra de
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Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8445153978573450
Previous works have shown that the presence of electrostatic forces in particles significantly affect the performance of a filter, both increasing collection efficiency and reducing pressure drop. Recently, in the Environmental Control research group of the Chemical Engineering Department of UFSCar, Rodrigues (2005) have studied the filtration of electric charged phosphate rock particles in polypropylene filter, observing the influence of the charge acquired by the particles in collection efficiency and pressure drop. The aim of the present work is to analyze the particle trajectory during filtration and the contribution level of each collect mechanism present in the process, in order to theoretically detail the results obtained by Rodrigues (2005) and propose a model for the electrophoretic mechanism of collection that better fit in experimental data.
Crianças com dificuldades em resolução de problemas matemáticos : avaliação de um programa de intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-22)
Moura, Graziella Ribeiro Soares
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1641162974335637
The comprehension of written texts continues being one of the most difficult academic practices for students of Basic Education. If comprehending a written material in linguistic terms brings out difficulties for some students, a text written in mathematical language can be even more difficult, because besides the mother language understanding, mathematical concepts are also needed. A lot of research has been done to try to find better ways to help children understand what was asked in mathematical problem-questions. However, there is a lot to be done to understand the difficulties and processes of problem resolution and about basic conceptual comprehension present in mathematical problems instructions. In this sense, the purpose of the present study was to elaborate, apply and evaluate an intervention program performed with children in the fourth year of Elementary School who showed difficulties comprehending and solving mathematical problems, and maximize their cognitive capacity. The methodology chosen was the experimental delineation of comparison between groups, an experimental and a control group. The study consisted of a pretest, an intervention program, a post-test and a delayed post-test. The pretest evaluated the children s performance in resolving arithmetical problems. Next, the teaching program was used with students who showed performance under 40% right in problems. This aimed to develop, in the students, enough knowledge to increase their resolution capacity of mathematical problems. That program sought to teach students to read mathematical problems instructions and find the most appropriate mathematical representation to solve the question. For this, it was necessary to teach the arithmetical operations concepts, since one of the children s difficulties was connected with understanding the meaning of each operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and its symbolic representation. The post-test and delayed posttest results for the experimental group were superior to the pretest results for the experimental and control groups, indicating an improvement in performance for the students who took part in the program. Those data showed that the intervention utilized was efficient, increasing the cognitive capacity necessary to the task of resolving arithmetical problems, which basically consists of comprehending written instructions and representing them mathematically.
Uso do algoritmo ICM adaptativo a descontinuidades para o aumento da resolução de imagens digitais por técnicas de reconstrução por super resolução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-22)
Martins, Ana Luísa Dine
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9249940379843542
Super resolution image reconstruction consists in using a set of low resolution images from the same scene to generate a high resolution estimate of the original scene. For that purpose, all the observed low resolution images need to have sub-pixel displacements among each other. In this way, there is more than just the same information replicated in each image and then the uncertainty inherent to the displacements can be used as additional information to increase the spatial resolution. This master s thesis proposes a Bayesian approach for the super resolution reconstruction problem using Markov Random Fields and the Potts-Straus model for the image characterization. Therefore, it is possible to incorporate previously known context spatial information about the high resolution image to be estimated. Moreover, a discontinuity adaptive ICM algorithm was used to estimate the maximum a posteriori solution. Using an initial high resolution estimate constructed from the registration and interpolation of all the observations made it possible to reconstruct an image that respected the initially presented discontinuities. We also observed that the resulted high resolution image hold finner details when compared to the initial estimation.
A ética skinneriana e a tensão entre descrição e prescrição no Behaviorismo Radical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-23)
Castro, Marina Souto Lopes Bezerra de
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7823256809341659
From the description of Skinner's theory since its beginning, we can understand the course which falls into ethical questions. Skinner asserts that the science of behavior can also be the science of values, that is, it can explain, it can describe, what we mean by values and what is being ethical, act in a way called ethical. Furthermore, the author argues that, from the radical behaviorism and its selection by consequences theory in the three levels, it is possible to elect a primary value, which can be the guide for somebody who engages in the project of cultural practices in a deliberated fashion. In this way, Skinner assumes a prescriptive attitude, as well as tries to reduce it to a descriptive scope. There it is a kind of tension in the Skinner's texts, because, besides describing the good of the culture, the author elects this value as the primary value. He tries to justify this election appeling to descriptive arguments, but, finally, he cannot find any "good reason". We assume that it is possible to originate ethical precepts from radical behaviorism, nevertheless radical behaviorism is not suficient to justify the choice of one or another precept. We cannot choose, only from its premises, the good of the culture, or the good of others, or the personal goods as the main value, since there are not enough arguments within the theory itself. If we want to explain why we choose this or that precept, on the point of view of the behavior analysis, we must look at the who-makes-the-choice history of contingencies.
Avaliação dos mecanismos de Privacidade e Personalização na Web
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-23)
Lobato, Luanna Lopes
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Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4980327889869289
In web services two points should be considered that end up conflicting: i) the user's right to have his privacy guaranteed and ii) the need of having the services personalized, providing a better user interaction on the Internet. The user's information, with regard to privacy, should be maintained in secrecy, so that the person in question would not feel threatened when using the service. When thinking about personalization, the information should be known and filtered, in a way that makes it possible to discover the most relevant information, so that, together with personalization techniques, they can be used by the sites. This work presents the steps taken for the development of a tool, PrivPerson , capable to analyzing the privacy and personalization mechanisms, being: tools, sites and use sceneries in a way that quantify/measure how much privacy and personalization they offer for the users. For such measurements, a base the taxonomies of classification of privacy and personalization was used, developed in this work and imposed in layers, in a way that it is possible to quantify the privacy and personalization level of offered to the user by the observation of which layers the mechanism meditates. The mechanisms analysis for the proposed tool had the goals to supply the users quantitative values that aid the user in the context of use services. Apart from the above, a Case Study was developed with the objective of identifying the use of the taxonomies on sites, and to compare the manual evaluation on the sites, done in the Case Study, with the automated evaluation found in PrivPerson . With base in this study, it was observed that the sites doesn't have a standardization in the development of their Privacy Politics, based on this, a standardization was developed for such politics, approaching information that are relevant be introduced to the users by the sites.
Efeitos da adição de aminoácidos essenciais livres à dieta e da ausência de nutrientes na atividade de enzimas digestivas e no metabolismo intermediário de juvenis de matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-25)
Camilo, Rodrigo Yamakami
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399985363412772
For the nutrients ingested by fish are used for growth and maintenance of the energetical metabolism, they need firstly being absorbed by gastrointestinal tract. However, the most foods ingested cannot be absorbed directly through the gastrointestinal mucosa, since they are largely formed by high molecular weight molecules. The process of transforming large molecules into smaller is catalyzed by digestive enzymes. Therefore, a limiting factor to the food absorption is the availability of those enzymes. Their synthesis and the secretion can be stimulated by free amino acids in the gastric and intestinal lumen. We have investigated the effect of free essential amino acids (AAEL) supplementing the diets on the synthesis of digestive enzyme and the intermediary metabolism of matrinxa. Six fish groups were submitted to different feeding condition for 15 days. The control group was fed with 34% of protein and 4.670 kcal of gross energy by kg of food. Maize starch and soy oil were used as energy source. The second group, called SO, was fed with casein and gelatin as protein source and maize starch as energy source. The third group, called SO+AAEL, was feed with a similar food wherein the 0.6% of cellulose, added as inert stuff, was replaced by a mixture conteining 0.1% of phenylalanine, 0.1% tryptophane, 0.1% valine, 0.1% histidine, 0.1% arginine and 0.1% leucine. The fourth group, called SA, was feed with casein and gelatin as protein source and soy oil as energy source. The fifth group, called SA+AAEL, was feed with a similar food but 0.6% of cellulose was replaced by a mixture of six AAEL, just as above. The last group was kept in fast over the experimental period. After the experimental period, 9 fish from each treatment were sampled. The blood was withdrawn and white muscle, liver and digesting treat were excised. The amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities assayed in digestive tract homogenates were responsive to diet composition, mainly to the absence of starch and the addition of FEAA. The present set of data indicates that the matrinxa is able to adjust these enzymes production toward digestive process optimization. The alterations in plasmatic, muscular and hepatic metabolic intermediaries concentration become evident that the matrinxa is able to adapt its intermediary metabolism to the changes on the feeding condition to preserve vital functions. However the increase of the enzymatic activity in the fed with the diet AAEL did not result in significant modification on the intermediary metabolism.
A sexualidade como aspecto inclusivo : uma proposta de intervenção para pais e professores de jovens com deficiência mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-26)
Albuquerque, Paloma Pegolo de
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6930633065111660
The matter of sexuality in mental retardation still generates mistakes and prejudices. Parents and teachers, for example, often find difficulties over this subject, depriving people with mental retardation of having effective access to sexual orientation and, therefore, of reaching more autonomy and personal fulfillment. This work had as main objective to investigate what parents and teachers think about the sexuality of their sons and daughters as well as students with mental retardation, aiming to draw and introduce an intervention proposal. First of all, 17 parents and 23 teachers from one special school were interviewed with regards to picking necessary information to subsequent intervention. It was aimed, by means of a semi-structured interview script made by the researcher, to know more about the participants viewpoints and opinions about issues related to sexuality in general, to sexuality in mental retardation and to sexual education/orientation behavior towards their children/students, as well as their main needs and doubts. Then, a course named "Sexuality and mental retardation" was offered to two groups of participants: one for parents and other for teachers. The course was carried out on weekly meetings, summing up eight meetings with each group (two months on the whole). Such meetings had a theoretical part and moments to discuss the difficulties and needs related by participants, with discussions, dynamics, role-playing and problem-solving activities, movies and others. After the intervention, new interviews with the parents and teachers were made to check the effects of it. The qualitative analysis of the results was made based on information got in pre- and post-intervention and on the assessment of the questionnaire results about the course answered by the participants, that were grouped in categories; besides, all practical activities taken in the course were described and analyzed, like the Instrument for registration of sexual behaviors of children/students and the Activity in class for teachers. Some signs of changes in the participants' opinion were noticed, like an enlargement of reflections about the sexuality - mental retardation subject, and a perception of the importance of sexuality in the lives of people with mental retardation, as well as a greater attention and respect for their emotional-sexual interest and needs. Some attitude changes were also noticed, like a predisposition to act the right way when facing sexuality-related situations by means of a greater questioning of their role in this process; as well as an increase in confidence and preparation to deal with the subject. Besides, we noticed some behavior changes regarding sexual orientation, like an increase in dialogue about sexuality. Nevertheless, given the needs and difficulties presented by the populations of parents and teachers of people with mental retardation, new studies in the area are still recommended.
Atividade curricular de integração entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão (ACIEPE) : anseios, conjunturas e contornos de inovações curriculares em movimento.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-28)
Souza, Marcos Lopes de
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Freitas, Denise de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2396459642306557
This research describes and discusses about the conjuncture and the movements of the program so-called as Curricular Integration Activity between Teaching, Research and Outreach (ACIEPE) since its implantation in Sao Carlos Federal University from year 2002 up to 2006, analyzing in a focused way one of its proposals. During the investigation the information have been acquired by interviews with the Program s idealizers and executers, also by the Program s (ACIEPE) documents, questionnaires applied to the coordinators of the program proposals, the registries of one of the program s proposal meetings and by interviews realized with the participants of this experience. The ACIEPE Program had been created during a period in which UFSCar was trying to consolidate itself as a University based on the concepts of democratic participation, academic competence and Social commitment, a perspective that contested the neoliberal politics, which, has occupied a large area into University space. The implantation of the program occurred within a period in which UFSCar s graduation courses were passing through a curriculum reformulation process that began since the establishment of Brazilian Universities Institutional Valuation Program (PAIUB). Initially, the ACIEPE was incorporated to the courses s curriculum as an elective discipline, lately, within the curricular flexibilization, it happened to be a complementary curricular activity. Within the period comprehended between the years 2002-2006, 49 different proposals were done, some of them were re-offered, and now 107 classes can be counted in. New projects of ACIEPEs have been offered each semester (at least five), at the same time, new professors have adhered to different proposals of ACIEPEs demonstrating that the program have been recognized as an opportunity for curricular innovation. Because of the thematics that were chosen, the outreach guidelines, the external public and the methodological approaches, the ACIEPEs presented different faces, which made it different from traditional academic spaces. The proposals of ACIEPEs were consolidated as educative spaces; constituted especially by multidisciplinary teams, which involved learning and professors from distinct majors. In those spaces the formation offered to the graduation students could embrace things beyond the society of the knowledge, involving aspects like citizenship, social equality, environment sustainability, social cooperation, Human values and etc., increasing the student s knowledge experiences, which includes the interaction with different social groups. The practice of the inseparability between teaching, research and outreach at ACIEPEs occurred in a diffuse and incipient manner, overall, when it comes to the interlocution between university and External community. Focusing on one of the experiences of the ACIEPE program entitled as The comprehension about biological knowledge essence and its relationship with Science and biology on Basic Education it could have been evidenced that the ACIEPEs program s intentions were approximately reached, especially the ones related to the construction of a space that could give to the graduation students also professional education and citizenship, even, establishing a strong link between University and several social segments. At the same time, this ACIEPE, basing on its specific objectives and on the perspective of complexity, can be denominated, besides its own limitations, as a curricular innovation, based on the construction of dialogue spaces among the disciplines, whereas it made possible to the participants, especially, the biology teachers and the undergraduate level students of biological sciences course, to find a new significance for the nature of biological knowledge trough the articulation with Philosophy and sociology.
Avaliação de um critério de equivalência entre dados de tração a quente e fluência em aços
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-28)
Santos, Noeli Bragalda dos
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Bueno, Levi de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0333912025909549
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389344977532376
This work was conducted in four stages, the first to understand the phenomena that affect the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel hot tensile in different conditions, observing their behavior in a wide range of temperature and strain rates, to complete the initial study of Reis Sobrinho [10], that employed the following test conditions: Crosshead speed (VC) = 20; 5; 1.0; 0.1; 0.01 mm/min and Temperatures (T) 500, 550, 600, 650 and 700°C. In the present study were used to further test the parameters of: VC from 200 to 0.001 mm/min and Temperatures: room temperature, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 450°C providing more complete information of the behavior of the material. The third step aimed to achieve the detailed analysis of the data set of the hot tensile and creep for 2.25Cr-1Mo steel in applying the criterion of equivalence, emphasizing that this range of data provided by testing, had increased because of bibliographic information obtained with the same steel at different test conditions in the temperature range from 500°C to 600°C generated by Klueh [48,49] and Klueh & Oakes [50 52]. The analysis of these parameters, which consisted in verifying the validity of the criterion of equivalence proposed for 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, closes the first stage of this work, starting a fourth phase, to verify the reliability of the methodology proposed for other materials, in which the same type of analysis was applied to the AISI 310 steel. The closure was to attempt preliminary creep study in 2.25 Cr-1Mo steel at room temperature, whose possible existence was indicated by analysis of the tension data applying the criterion of equivalence.
Procedimentos informatizados de ensino de sinais para adolescentes e adultos com surdez e/ou deficiência mental.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-30)
Elias, Nassim Chamel
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695
Language is essential to pass on complex concepts and allows the human being to communicate. In Behavior Analysis, the term verbal behavior has been used instead of language because it suggests its environmental determination. Stimulus equivalence paradigm treats verbal behavior as a complex behavior, installed through conditional discriminations, and has been largely used as a basis to investigate the process of complex cognitive skill acquisition and in practical applications to teach academic skills, such as reading, writing and mathematic, to individuals with and without developmental deficit. Conditional discriminations may be installed through matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks. In the present work Study 1, an automated tool was developed to present MTS tasks which were used in four experiments, in Study 2, to teach relations between signs (set A), pictures (set B) and printed words (set C) to teenagers and adults with deafness and mental retardation. The first experiment investigated whether, through the teaching of a receptive repertoire, the expressive repertoire would emerge without direct teaching to four adults with mental retardation and little or no experience in manual signing. The receptive repertoire refers to the selection of a picture in the presence of the corresponding sign (relations AB), in automated MTS tasks. The expressive repertoire refers to the expressive signing (A ) in the presence of a given picture (B). In the second experiment, a set of printed words was added and three adults with mental retardation and deafness and good signing experience were taught relations between printed words and pictures (CB) and between signs and pictures (AB); after teaching, the emergence of the relations between signs and printed words (AC) and of the expressive signing in the presence of the pictures (BA ) and printed words (CA ) were tested. The third experiment intended to replicate the second experiment with three teenagers with mental retardation and deafness and good signing experience, and also intended to investigate whether the repetition of the sign in MTS tasks would influence the acquisition of the taught relations (AB and AC) and the emergence of the tested relations (CB, BA and CA ). The fourth experiment investigated whether the introduction of consequences to the signing response in the presence of the pictures (BA ) would influence the signing performance in the presence of the printed words (CA ). In general, the emergence of the tested relations between signs, pictures and printed words and of expressive signing after the teaching in MTS tasks was observed. However, a better singing performance in the presence of the pictures (BA ) than in the presence of the printed words (CA ) was noted. Thus, future works could investigate the variables that would influence the acquisition of the signing repertoire in the presence of printed words, being this repertoire one of the reading components.
Aspectos da história de vida de Guadua tagoara (Nees) Kunth (Poaceae:Bambuseae) na Serra dos Órgãos, RJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-30)
Alves, Gilberto Terra Ribeiro
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6910599718979116
Guadua tagoara (Nees) Kunth is a large sized bamboo native of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest, with a semi-scandent habitat, pachymorphic rhizome and thorns for fixation on trees. Nowadays this bamboo is considered an invasive species in secondary forests, where its populations are supposedly in expansion. The general objective of this study, developed in Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO), RJ, was to investigate the life history of G. tagoara from two perspectives: (a) to know the ecological basis of its supposed invasive potential and (b) to discuss it in the context of theoretical ecology and evolution of mast seeding plants. This dissertation was based primarily on three moments of the G. tagoara life cycle, studied in the scales of clump, genet and ramet. The investigated aspects of its life history were: mast seeding followed by parental death (monocarpy), regeneration from seed, synchrony and reproductive interval, development, morphological plasticity and intra and infra-specific diversity. At least at PARNASO, the life cycle of G. tagoara is strictly monocarpic, its regeneration from seeds occurred mainly in the interior of the senescent clumps. The majority of reproductive events were concentrated in 2004, suggesting a pattern known as flowering distribution for this region. The spatial gregarism of G. tagoara seems to be associated to the intra-clump reproductive synchrony, and the selective advantage of monocarpy seems to be the creation of regeneration sites for the following cohort. The same seems to be valid for other monocarpic species of Guadua with a tendency for gregarism. It was not possible to establish a reproductive interval for G. tagoara, but four possible flowering patterns were proposed for its life history. Although the adult genets have long spacers (necks), the rhizomes in the 2004 and 2006 cohorts did not present this character. Culm ramification occurred before rhizome ramification, and the thorns appeared just in the second year of the young genets. These cohorts (2004 and 2005) differed among them in structural characters, except in the number of living culms per genet, and presented characteristics here considered to be adaptations for the regeneration inside the clumps or other kinds of gaps. The morphological plasticity presented by the different patterns of ramification, by the reiterative growth and by the deviance from obstacles during elongation was observed in the culms of adult genets. The reiterative growth was also seen in the 2004 and 2005 cohorts, as well as articulated culms and the presence of invertebrates in their interior, including the internodes filled with water. Climatic seasonality doesn t restrict the growth of G. tagoara, but it is potentialized in the rainy season. Adult genets of this bamboo seem to grow during the whole year in PARNASO. Morphological plasticity observed in their culms can be considered a foraging behavior searching for light and space in the canopy. G. tagoara also has a large opportunistic growing behavior, expressed in ramets and genets, and can be considered a structural parasite of trees. Morphological elasticity, potential for clonal growth and integration of phalanx and guerilla strategies seem to be key aspects of its life history and its expansion and dominance in secondary forests. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the expansion of G. tagoara in secondary forests is facilitated by activities altering the structure of the forest. I suggest that the selfperpetuating disturbance cycle proposed to explain the formation and expansion of forests dominated by Guadua spp. in the Amazon forest must also act in the G. tagoara dominated forests, but in this latter case the anthropogenic activities seem to be very important for the origin and expansion of dominance. Some possible causes of its intra and infraspecific diversity of G. tagoara were discussed, based on the knowledge acquired about its life history, as well as some possible relations between its life cycle and the forest dynamics. The need and viability of the management of its populations were also discussed.
Massificação da consultoria: descrição e análise dos processos de mudança do SEBRAE-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-31)
Silveira, Frederico Zenorini da
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Donadone, Julio César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8045226363525359
In the whole world, the economical changes, incremented by the information tecnology´s advance and by the pouplarization of basic manegement methods, associeted to the desindustrialization process and to the expansion of the service field, made that the small firms have become the highlights in the economy of several countries, being responsable for a large part of the employment and profits. In that context, this study intend to contribute with the understanding of the growing process of the brazilian consultant field, its acting forms and its relationship with the other organizations. Particularly, analysing the SEBRAE-SP´s acting form, with a parallel between its goals and its posicional manners in the face of other organizations. That is why, it is necessary to comprehend how much that ocurried changes in the acting forms of the institution in the past few decads, are a reflexion of a new form of interaction with the management consultant field.
Avaliação das atividades de crianças com paralisia cerebral na escola regular : participação, níveis de auxílio e desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-31)
Silva, Daniela Baleroni Rodrigues
;
Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716518628833379
Facing the great debate on the inclusion of students with special needs, this study investigated the involvement, level of support and activities performances of children with cerebral palsy on the school context through the School Function Assessment ( SFA ). It also demonstrates the valuation s contributions through the presentation of a case on the identification of the capacities and limitation of those students and also to determine possible intervention points along with the teacher. On this study, 10 teachers and their respective students with cerebral palsy of public and private schools in São Paulo and neighbor cities were involved. Was applied the SFA the consists of a test in questionary s format systematized answered by the teachers. The results indicated children s involvement were more restricted on the restrooms, transportation and transitions, once that those environments demanded practice of physical tasks such as go to the restrooms, managing clothes flushing the toilet, embark and disembark of schools transportation and move inside the school. It also notable high levels of assistance on the execution of those tasks and minimal or no adaptation in environment as restrooms or adapted vehicles, such as a flat surface of easy access at schools. Also, the use of mobility resources such as crutches and walkers consisted as important facilitators of participation, opposite of the students who moved helped by other people. Regarding the cognitive/behavior aspects required at school like memory, attention, communication and integration with classmates and adults, it s notable that happened minimal limitation that consists in favorable points for inclusion in regular schools. It is also accentuated the importance of special education professionals such as occupational therapists, physical therapists, on the school environment in order to accomplish the as with the teachers to potentiate the participation those students. Also, it s necessary governmental actions for introduce environment s adaptations at schools.
Avaliação da grade curricular e conhecimentos de residentes em pediatria sobre vigilância do desenvolvimento.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-31)
Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza Della
;
Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006
Studies have shown that developmental surveillance is an important task to be performed by the pediatrician and its objective is to precociously identify children who may need more complex evaluation as well as provide information about their development and not only their physical health. It also makes possible a definite diagnosis and the elaboration of an interdisciplinary plan of care for children in order to undergo early intervention. Other studies indicate that the pediatricians´ knowledge regarding developmental surveillance and their use of instruments to accomplish this practice is defective. Despite the fact that just a few perform developmental surveillance, they consider this issue important and demonstrate interest in updating themselves. According to these studies, the pediatricians should update their knowledge concerning development aspects and risk factors, use sorting techniques and lead the child presenting development delay to early stimulation programs. The general objective of this work is to analyze the knowledge related to health promotion, developmental surveillance and pediatric residents´ perception of babies´ delays in the state of São Paulo by analyzing the curriculum description and the performance in questionnaires. The curriculum guidelines from MEC (Brazilian Education Ministry) for pediatric residence teaching, the relation of vacancies for this specialty and the curriculum of seven medical pediatric residence courses in the state of São Paulo were analyzed, with the objective of identify elements concerning developmental surveillance in pediatric teaching (first stage). In the second stage of this study, the data regarding developmental surveillance practices and the knowledge about children s development were collected and correlated. It was carried out by the replication of two questionnaires, which were answered by 65 first and second-year pediatric residents of five specialization courses in the state of São Paulo. According to the analysis of MEC´s curriculum guidelines in relation to the subjects to be studied about developmental surveillance, it is possible to assert that they are general and non-specific, and the curriculums are superficial and not clear enough to make the identification of the practices related to developmental surveillance possible. Only one course of this research has the necessary requirements that allow the identification of elements related to this topic. The results of the second stage has shown that the majority of pediatric residents has different attitudes compared to the ones performed by doctors who are dealing with children s health for longer time. These different attitudes may reduce the efficacy of the developmental surveillance carried out by pediatricians. The correlation between the pediatric teaching and the residents´ knowledge about developmental surveillance has shown that the courses which have higher average in the questionnaires also have better developmental surveillance s contents described in their curriculums. The residents who justified why they ask or not the mothers about development and the ones who confirmed the use of evaluation scales had higher scores in the questionnaire. This study proposes further investigation related to the continuous professional development for pediatric residents, distance learning, the use of Moodle tools and topics such as: Promotion of health concept and developmental surveillance, non-identified precocious delays consequences, protocols about developmental surveillance, guidelines for normal infant development to the pediatricians, identification of development delays, and quick and easy measures to be used during practice and inserted in institutional dynamics. Using these results as a basis, a contribution to the pediatrician s mobilization regarding the importance of developmental surveillance and precocious identification of children with development delay is expected.
Gestão dos recursos pesqueiros do complexo estuarinolagunar de Cananéia-Iguape-Ilha Comprida, litoral sul de São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-01)
Mendonça, Jocemar Tomasino
;
Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1652112592780902
Mendonça J. T., 2007 The south coast of the São Paulo State the fisheries resources are the economic base of the region, with a variety of fish, crustaceans and clams, with diversification of the arts fishiries by the local communities. The work was developed in the south coast of the State of São Paulo (Brazil), in the Estuarino-lagunar Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá Complex, in the area called of lagamar of Cananéia, Iguape and Ilha Comprida, and final portion in the Ribeira of Iguape river, with the total period of the information between February of 1995 the December of 2006, with dates of each city. The region fisheries activit presents a concern aspect, but don t despairing aspect, since involve three cities (Cananéia, Iguape and Ilha Comprida cities) with IDH medium and clear conditions of improvements. It involves 50 fishing communities with particular and similar characteristics between itself, with the agricultural comunities with lesser incomes, having devotion to fisheries and the parallels activities as agriculture and the extrativismo, mainly vegetal. The main fishing products of the south coast are: broadband anchovy (Anchoviella lepidentostole), the seabob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri), the king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon), the grey mullet (Mugil platanus), the white mullet (Mugil curema), the whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), the blue swimming crab (Callinectes sapidus) and the mangrove oyster (Crassostrea brasiliana). The fishing fleet of the region has as characteristic to be of small scale and artesanal, with boats wooden with small autonomy of sea or of estuary, with high number of arts and methods of fisheries, as well as dependence of harvests. The problems main problems found in the activity fishing are the lack or inadequate fiscalization, the commercialization of the products the values insufficient for the maintenance of the activity the levels compensatory and deficiency in the management fisheries regional, without endorsement of the state and federal managing agencies. Seven species presented significant reduction in its abundance (seabob shrimp, broadband anchovy, mangrove oyster, white mullet, king weakfish, blue crab and atlantic thread herring Opistonema oglinum); three species presented increase in the abundance index (pink shrimp, crab-uçá and grey mullet); and four has its abundance indices stasble (whitemouth croaker, white sea catfish Genidens barbus, southern white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti and castin leatherjacket Oligoplites saliens). To implement the fisheries recources management is necessary the strengthem of the Management Council of the APA-CIP with co-management, of deliberative character and with discussion of the problems and guiding of the solutions, including normatives, control and promotion of the activity through the institutions that compose it. The biggest problem for the implementation of a co-management is the lack of compromise of the management agencies with the society, presenting lack structure agencies, as well as the lack of will politics to share decisions and to divide the actions power. The fisheries management would have to be ecosystem approach fisheries, since the fishing of some species (multispecific), dependents of harvests, with fisheries diversify, arts and methods fisheries, with other productive activities to fishery. For fisheries resources with recuction of abundance indices the fisheries management could be local with the species that have its confined live cycles in the region, don t making part of the captures in other areas of the Brazilian coast, having as main management instrument the limitation of the fisheries effort through the fisheries cadastre and licensing of the fishermen and boats in regional way, with administration through the Management Council, its assign to rules and requirements to guarantee the activity to the fishermen local. For fisheries resources that have its live cycles outside region, to make part of the captures of other fishing capture to long of Brasilian coast, the best way of fisheries management, possibly would be of analysis of all area of fish of the resource, with joint actions with all involved ones, limiting the number of users, establishing exploration areas, with new licensing and permissions fisheries of the boats that will act in each area.
Influência da medição de desempenho nos projetos seis sigma : estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-01)
Mergulhão, Ricardo Coser
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Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0598720328915137
Six Sigma and performance measurement are subjects under investigation for practical and academic purposes. In this way, Six Sigma Program is a remarkable continuous improvement program with exceptional results in short term accomplished by Six Sigma Projects. Like others improvement approaches, some factors can influence the results of these projects. Beside this, the performance measurement plays an important role as a support to the continuous improvement program, acting as its inhibiting or enabling mechanism. In this sense, the performance measurement becomes a necessary condition to guarantee the success of Six Sigma Projects. Nevertheless, a bibliography review has shown the non-existence of detailed academic researches on these two topics, studied in the same work. Due to this, the objective of this thesis is to investigate the influence of the performance measurement on Six Sigma Projects with the intention of highlighting the factors found during the development of these projects. The explanatory multiple case studies has chosen as the research method for this work. In order to achieve the objective, a field research was conducted on five companies belong to different industrial sectors. The empirical evidences have shown that developments of Six Sigma Projects are influenced by different factors. Some of them were found in many companies. It was verified also that the development of Six Sigma Projects affects the performance measurement, better said, there is a reciprocal influence between Six Sigma Projects and performance measurement. Establishing relationships between financial and non-financial performance measures is an important issue to develop Six Sigma Projects, as observed, due to the financial orientation of Six Sigma Projects. It means that the factor mentioned above has a great impact over other ones that have also their influences on the development of Six Sigma Projects. At last, this thesis aimed a contribution to the academic as well as to practical purposes since knowledge about factors that rule the relationship between performance measurement and Six Sigma Projects can support the construction of a framework related to both aspects and, then, reinforcing the benefits of the Six Sigma Program.