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Aspectos bionômicos de Geometridae (Lepidoptera) associados à Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez, 1902 (Myrsinaceae) na Região de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-20)
Barros, Luciana Tereza Estriga de
;
Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7834965314423557
This work was carried out in three different areas of Universidade Federal de São Carlos. We studied the Geometridae associated to Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez, 1902 (Myrsinaceae). The samples were collected at each two weeks, during the period of October of 2005 to april of 2007. It was used the method of entomological umbrella. The larvae were grown in the laboratory, using the host plant as food. Rapanea umbellata had the first register as plant hostess of Geometridae in the present study. It occured 14 species of Geometridae arranged in 11 genus, seven genus of Hymenoptera Parasitica and one Diptera. The common species that occured was Phrygionis polita (Cramer, 1780), whose relative abundance was 48,9%. Other Geometridae recordered were: P. paradoxata (Guenée, [1858]), Argyrotome melae (Druce, 1892), Opisthoxia sp. Hübner, [1825], Pero refellaria (Guenée, [1858]), Glena bipennaria (Guenée, [1858]), G. unipennaria (Guenée, [1858]), Hymenomima amberia (Schaus, 1901), Iridopsis chalcea (Obertür, 1883), Ischnopteris miseliata (Guenée, [1858]), Patalene Herrich-Schäffer, [1854], Oxydia apidania (Cramer, [1779]), O. vesulia (Cramer, [1779]), Prochoerodes tetragonata (Guenée, [1958]). The Hymenoptera parasitoids were: Euplectrus Nestwood, 1832 (Eulophidae), Charops Homgren, 1859 (Ichneumonidae), Hyposoter Foerster, 1869 (Ichneumonidae), Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Ichneumonidae), Diolcogaster Asmed, 1900 (Braconidae), Hymenochaonia Dalla Torre, 1898 (Braconidae), Glyptapanteles Ashmed, 1905 (Braconidae). The density of larvae shows two peaks, one at the dry season and one at the raining season. In the same time occurs the smaller percentage of parasitism. The cycle of development of Phrygionis polita was studied, being the first description of the immature stages of a species of the Palyadini tribe.
Métodos analíticos alternativos para avaliação da qualidade de forrageiras utilizadas na nutrição animal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-21)
Carapelli, Rodolfo
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1694381993816893
Alternative methods were developed for some determinations performed in routine by animal nutrition laboratories, in order to increase laboratory efficiency and reduce costs maintaining analytical quality. In the first step, a multicomutation point to point potentiometric titration system to total acid in silage extracts with the use of a PVC (tridodecilamine) membrane electrode is described. The multicommutation developed system employed three solenoid valves for solution management and a peristaltic pump for the fluid propulsion. The time and sequence of switching valves, the velocity of peristaltic pump and the data acquisition were performed through a developed program in the Labview® platform using a computer with an electronic interface. Silage samples of Brachiaria grass, sugar cane and corn were analyzed by the proposed system in order to method validation. The results indicated agreement in order of 95% of confidence when were compared with the ones obtained by gas chromatography (acetic, propyonic and butyric acids), and liquid (lactic acid), and by bath titration. In a second step, an alternative method for determination of neutral detergent fiber in forage samples was proposed, with the use of the nylon bag technology to samples storage, and a semi-pressure system heating by microwave radiation. This analyze consists of a cellular inner components solubilization in neutral detergent solution, remaining the neutral detergent fiber, basically formed by cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, lignin protein and silica, gravimetrically determined after oven drying. The method was validated from samples analysis supplied by the Ensaio de Proficiência de Laboratórios de Nutrição Animal , coordinate by Embrapa Cattle-Southeast. High correlation was obtained among the results obtained with the proposed method and furnace by the program, therefore its employment could be recommended.
Modelos para dados de contagem: um estudo sobre o número de ovos do mosquito Aedes aegypti
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-22)
Nagamine, Camila Macedo Lima
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Candolo, Cecília
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9942864590854913
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0501003638749239
In this work we considered four types of models for count data: the Poisson model, the Negative Binomial Model and variations of these models for count inflated of zeros (ZIP and ZINB). Information on the number of put eggs for the mosquito aedes in the city of São José of Rio Preto, SP, was analyzed through models for counting data. The number of eggs of the mosquito aedes is studied firstly without the covariable and through some tests, it was verified that models zero inflated (ZIP and ZINB) are more adapted to analyze the data under study. The ZIP model was shown inadequate, due to overdispersion generated by the variability of the data. The ZINB model, was shown more flexible to the data as it is shown graphically.
A utilização de métodos de planejamento participativo durante o processo de incubação de cooperativas populares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-23)
Nardini, Thiago
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Araújo Filho, Targino de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8305473958738659
This work has the goal to present a reflection about strategic planning and the perspectives that the participation approach can contribute to the development of the popular cooperative incubation process. Starting from a bibliographic review of the different concepts and schools that studies formulation and formation of strategy, it is identified that there is a convergence of the different methods that emphasises the collective approach of the process. It is done a brief presentation of the participative methods. To situate the context of the incubation process, is done a review of Solidary Economy, and the incubation methods developed by INCOOP and others university incubation agencies. It presents a study case, where the strategic participative planning process was done on two popular cooperatives in Rio Claro - SP. The final considerations is done by a brief reflection on how the participative methods can support the incubation process, highlighting: a reference frame to be used to the strategic construction on incubation s process, an incremental approach and the importance of the capability of the moderator to be able to apply and adapt the different techniques and methods according to the context.
Experiência e educação : contribuições de Paulo Freire para a educação de pessoas jovens e adultas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-23)
Franzi, Juliana
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Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0814985490012311
This work integrates the research line Social Practices and Educational Processes that includes the education as a wide process, not restricted to the school world. Claiming such comprehension was of fundamental importance to this research, once it searched understand the richness of the human beings existential experiences, inserting the most different social practices. Paulo Freire, one of the main references of the research line and the main of this work, attributed to experience a great educational potential, being the place of construction of the knowledge of the done experience . Approaching the theme meant dealing with questions that require an attentive look, given the disqualification done in the modern societies of the experiences of certain individuals, groups and nations. That s why it s necessary to recognize the need of showing the worth of the knowledge along that was unfairly marginalized. This study is not about despising school education role due to the fact education is understandable as a wide process, but to reflect about its function and the possibility of relation with the existential experience of the learners. The research is dedicated to the investigation of the relation between experiences concepts and education in Paulo Freire s works, having as objectives identify in the author s documents such concepts and the relation between them, as well as verify the world reading learners of Youngsters and Adults Education have about such constructed concepts in a experienced way. So it was carried out a review of the authors works that helped in the comprehension of their thought. Besides, I inserted myself and participated, while researcher, in Youngsters and Adults Education (EJA), term II, equivalent to 3º and 4º grade of fundamental teaching in order to enlarge the comprehension of concepts adding also the book reading to the existential source during three months, I inserted myself in a Youngsters and Adults Education classroom, participating in twenty two meetings writing a field, as well as, carrying out interviews with five learners and a forum video of techniques collection that belong to Communicative Investigation Methodology. From these procedures on, the participants world readings could be revealed to me about experience, education and school education leading me to understand better such concepts in the Paulo Freire s works, as well as, the relation between them. The knowledge of the done experience showed me in the study as a synthesis of the meeting between experience and education, demanding, however, dialogue for the construction of a comprehension criticism about the reality. Therefore, we understand the main contribution of the present work for Education, Teaching Methodology and Youngsters and Adults Education is the statement of the respect to mistakenly link between experience and the women and men, adults and youngsters education get involved without forgetting the intention and the dialogue that are fundamental to become criticism and independent.
Indicadores de projeto para edifícios em alvenaria estrutural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-24)
Freire, Ailton Soares
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3488579198139755
This work deals on the identification and quantification of pointers of project of buildings in structural masonry. Several projects of different types are analyzed from which each material is quantified relative to the characteristics of each construction. Project pointers were then assessed. The calculated pointers can propitiate the identification of factors of the construction and criteria of project that contribute for the rise or the reduction in the consumption of materials. The pointers can represent important tool for the designer engineer, as they can serve as reference values for gauging projects in development. Additionally, the consumption pointers also are important for the planning and budget of new enterprises. It is believed that several aspects of this research had been very few referenced before, such as the case of consume rate of steel and concrete in transition structures, the consume of different block types in relation to the floor area, the average floor load, the steel rate in structural masonry, among others
A fibra de vidro em matrizes poliméricas e cimentícias e seu uso estrutural em construção civil : o estado-da-arte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-25)
Ortenzi Junior, Altibano
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2313825362934634
This dissertation deals with the use of fiberglass as a concrete addition, in order to improve its mechanical properties such as better crack distribution, or as polymer reinforcement, in order to form a composite to be externally or internally used as reinforcement to other material as concrete or masonry or to use itself as a structural member. The literature review presented is believed to achieve the current state-of-art of the fiberglass use in civil construction applications. Next, usual approaches to dimensioning structural members in GFRP are presented. Construction systems and processes using this material are assessed focused to civil construction. Themes as the technology spread up, Brazilian applications and eventual difficulties are focused. With this research one expects to approach the text to the state-of-art up today.
Consultoria & cooperativismo : cooperativa de consultores e espaço de consultoria brasileiro.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-26)
Ralio, Vanise Rafaela Zivieri
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Donadone, Julio César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
Materials in general as well as specialized articles with a lot of semiofficial estimation have indicated high increase in the use of management consultancy particularly during the post-war period of the sixties decade. Numerous authors have linked this increase to the growth in markets and technology complexities. However, in addition to consultancy firms, it has also appeared in the economic arena, consultants cooperatives of business enterprises as a new working arrangement occupying nearly the same space available in large and medium-sized firms. As a result, an interest in developing this study has surged as basis for bibliographical research based upon documentation as well as interviews with some members of such cooperatives aiming at analyzing a better understanding of what has motivated the appearance and development of such consultants cooperatives as well as the understanding of such cooperatives importance on the present economic arena. A certain cooperative located in the city of Belo Horizonte at Minas Gerais was the subject of such study. This cooperative set up its activities in 1994 and, today, comprises more than 1200 members. Its foundation, present situation as well as its internal relationship, claim of contacts, and increase are some of the factors looked into this study.
Método participativo para desenvolvimento de indicadores de desempenho operacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-26)
Lopes, Mariza Terezinha Rosolen
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5526460264181828
Utilização de planejamento fatorial no estudo da remoção eletroquímica de íons Pb(II) de fluentes simulados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-27)
Almeida, Lucio César de
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Bocchi, Nerilso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6233656045399753
In this work, the removal of Pb(II) ions from simulated wastewaters, using a flow-through cell under galvanostatic condition was studied. With help of factorial design and response surface methodology, the variables current, electrolyte flow rate and the specific surface area of the three-dimensional cathode used (stainless-steel wool AISI 304) were simultaneously investigated in order to optimize the electrochemical system. Firstly, the specific surface area of the stainless-steel wool used as three-dimensional cathode was estimated. Then, factorial designs were employed on the study of the removal of Pb(II) ions for different values of cathodic current, electrolyte flow rate and mass of the stainless-steel wool (consequently, distinct specific surface areas). Finally, the response surface methodology for optimization of the removal process and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for evaluation of the quality of the developed fitting models were employed. Higher values of removal efficiency (RE) were obtained for the highest values of cathodic current; RE values above 90% were obtained after 30 min electrolysis. Higher values of current efficiency (CE) (22%) were obtained for intermediate values of current (~ 0.24 A). For values of current in the range of 0.24 to 0.31 A, the CE values were lower, due to occurrence of simultaneous reactions such as reduction of oxygen, water and nitrate. Low CE values were also obtained for current values in the range of 014 A to 0.24 A as not all surface area of the steel wool was operating under mass transport control. The response surfaces developed for RE and CE values as a function of the current and flow rate revealed that the region close to 0.25 A and 250 L h-1 was the best for the removal of Pb(II) ions. In these conditions, the RE and CE values were 93 % and 22 %, respectively. Although the concentration of Pb(II) decreased from 54 mg L-1 to 0.39 mg L-1 after 90 min electrolysis, almost 99 % of removal of Pb(II) ions was achieved after only 40 min electrolysis. A mass-transfer coefficient (km) of 1.8 x 10-5 m s-1 was obtained for the electrochemical reactor.
Estudo de painéis de alvenaria estrutural sujeitos a ações perpendiculares ao plano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-27)
Maluf, Danilo Rodrigues
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3770989340770862
There are several cases of out-of-plane loaded masonry such as earth retaining walls, water reservoir, wind loaded panels and other. Thus, there is a lack of Brazilian technical literature in this topic. The aim of this thesis is to fulfill this lack and to be as a reference text to design such structures. The litterature review covers recommendations from several international references. The compiled analysis of those text tries to bring these to the Brazilian materials and technical approach. Several plastic methods to analyze masonry panels are presented and results from using these method to assess the required reinforcement are compared. A comparative analyses taking into account the Limit State and Allowable Stress design methods, considerind requirements from different intenational codes as MSJC 2005, ENV 1996 1 Eurocode 6 - Part 1-1 e 1-2, preliminary review version of NBR 10837/Sep.2005, BS 5628 1/1992; BS 5628 2/1995; BS 5628 5/1992), SAA AS 3700/1998 and CSA S304. 1/1994, are presented. As a closure a complete design example of a masonry panel case, a warehouse panel designed to resist lateral wind forces, is presented.
Titulações potenciométricas de cátions metálicos tendo como eletrodo indicador o sistema Cu/CuY2-
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-27)
Silva, Paulo Henrique Pereira da
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9876088563651080
In this work a Cu/CuY2- indicator system was used to carry out potentiometric titrations of Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ ions with EDTA solution. A copper wire with 8.32 cm2 of superficial area was used as an indicator electrode. The CuY2- complex was synthesized by reaction between cupric oxide (CuO) and EDTA standard solution (H2Y2-) at a temperature of 85 oC. The titrations were performed in the presence of small concentration of the CuY2- complex. The Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions were titrated in sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 4.80) and Mn2+ in TRIS-HCl buffer solution (pH 8.90). A modification in a conventional method for titration of metallic cations with EDTA solutions was performed to improve the response of the system. The modification includes addition of buffer species to the titrant solution. The buffer specie used to prepare solutions was sodium acetate. The influence of the concentration of CuY2- added in the titration performance was investigated and a relation of nM2+/nCuY2- equal or greater than 5 should be used for a better response. During this work other studies were performed, such as the method to obtain carbonate-free sodium and potassium hydroxides solutions as well as the method for the standardization of EDTA solid reagent, Na2H2Y, to employing as secondary standard in the directly preparation of EDTA solution.
Desenvolvimento de procedimento automático para determinação fotométrica de N-ureídos totais em leguminosas empregando multicomutação em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-28)
Kamogawa, Carla Cripa Crispino
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Reis, Boaventura Freire dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7619359855870896
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1513389610225734
This work aimend the development of an automated procedure for photometric determination of total ureide in soybean tissues using multicommutation in flow analysis. The photometric detection was based on the formation of indophenol blue (the Berthelot reaction), which involving oxidation of the amide nitrogen (N-ureide) by hypochlorite and reaction with phenol in alkaline medium. The manifold hardware and the instrument for photometric detection using a LED as radiation source and a photodiode as detector were developed. The system was microcomputer by a software written in QuickBasic 4.5. In the optimization of the proposed procedure the following parameters were considered: the hypochlorite concentration and its alkalinity, the phenol concentration and its alkalinity, the reaction temperature, the sample residence time, the volume of the phenol solution and the removal of interferences by ion exchange resin column. After optimization, the analytical curve was linear in the 30 to 260 μmol L-1 concentration range with a limit of detection of 1 μmol L-1, a relative standard deviation lower than 3%, consumption of 6.7 mg phenol per determination and sample throughput of 22 determinations per hour. The developed procedure was used for N-ureide determination in soybean leaves extracts. With results was agreement with the reference method at the 95% confidence level. The developed procedure is suitable for routine analysis in laboratories conducting research in Soil Microbiology and Biological Nitrogen Fixation with advantages in relation to precision, operational costs and waste generation.
Análise do isomorfismo na constituição do arranjo organizacional "Coordenação de Curso": estudo de caso em duas Instituições de Ensino Superior no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-30)
Mariano, Karina Araújo
;
Côrtes, Mauro Rocha
Since a long time that the Superior Education Institutions (SEI) don t care only about teaching. Especially when it refers to public universities, it gets even more difficult to characterize in just one word what is the institution concern about. The creation of an organized arrangement that works only on the graduations courses, in the studded cases, is an alternative to guarantee the specifications and a satisfactory functioning of the teaching even in the presence of others products that compete inside the university institution. Finding the organized structure form that satisfactory attempt to the needs of the courses in an institutional environment is a substantial aspect of this work. This study applies to analyze the organized arrangement of the Courses Coordination and Courses Coordination Commission of two publics SEI in the State of São Paulo: Federal University of São Carlos and University of São Paulo, campus São Carlos. We attempt to identify similar proceeds or/and different about the organization that it has at least in theory the same priority objective: administrating graduations courses.
Estratégia de produção no setor de serviços: um estudo de caso na Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-30)
Cruz, Daniella Cipola
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
The service industry is continuously growing, reaching positions of higher prominence in the world and Brazilian economies. Its position is relevant in the composition of worldwide GDP. Over the last few years, the contribution of the service sector in the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product has been holding around 60%. The case study on Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos (ECT) was addressed to examine the impact of automation of parcels processing on the competitive objectives in a regional business unit and, thus, observe how automation contributed to improve achievement of the whole entity competitive objectives. The technological modernization and the introduction of mechanization in the operational processes provided relevant impacts on different areas to maintain competitiveness. The combination of technological modernization with mechanization of operational process required investments of significant value, however, with fundamental importance in accelerate parcels processing, rationalization of distribution logistics and the final delivery of parcels. Considering such implications, it is plausible to say that strong impact occurred on various decision areas, structural and infra-structural, involving decisions on capacity, facilities and technology which brought relevant changes in the planning and control and human resources systems. The evaluation of visits, interviews, operational performance indicators and costumer requirement/organization performance profiles, determined by the application of the Platts-Gregory methodology for strategy formulation, allowed to verify that the parcel processing automation in business units strategically located in regions of high volume of parcels showed improvement on operational area and provided viability to maintain and, in some costumer segments, to achieve higher market competitiveness.
Estudo do mecanismo de eletrodeposição de cobalto sobre Pt em sulfato na presença de ácido bórico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-30)
Santos, Janaina Soares
;
Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5802009429183443
In this work, the cobalt deposition and dissolution processes were studied. The experiments were performed in sulphate solutions at pH values (ranging from 4.9 to 5.5) and in the presence of boric acid. The mechanism of Co electrodeposition was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and current time transients coupled with Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) technique. Effects of temperature, potential deposition and boric acid and Co2+ concentrations were studied. The boric acid was used as buffer to prevent any pH changes due to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during the electrochemical measurements. However, in some special cases, the results show that Co(OH)2 was formed simultaneously with metallic Co on the electrode surface at 48oC. On the other hand, when the bath temperature was 25oC, only metallic Co was detected. Considering the results above, some hypothesis were presented for explaining the ineffectiveness of boric acid. First, the kinetics of boric acid dissociation of was very slow, so does not provide a significant buffering during H2 evolution in high temperature, in which HER is intense. Another hypothesis refers to neutral H3BO3 molecules adsorption on the electrode surface which decreases the active surface for proton discharge. At 48oC, the desorption rate is higher than at 25oC, so the active surface for proton discharge will increase in high temperatures. As result, the pH value can be rise and consequently Co(OH)2 will formed. In these cases, the process efficiency dropped down. The analysis of factorial design shows that the temperature and the Co2+ concentration were the most important parameters for the mechanism change in the Co electrodeposition.
Uso de LALLS in-line na extrusão de sistemas poliméricos bifásicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-30)
Costa, Lidiane Cristina
;
Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8246109223926480
In-line analysis equipments play an important hole in the study of polymer blends extrusion for supplying dynamic information concerning to the morphology of the dispersed phases, such as aspect ratio and size distribution of particles. Among them, the device whose operation is based on light scattering stand out for the versatility, fast data acquisition and for its non destructive operation. Since the morphologic characteristics of the polymer blends affects directly the properties of the material, we presented in this work an improvement of an optical detector based on low angle laser light scattering (LALLS), showing that this equipment is effective in the morphologic characterization of the dispersed phase in diluted polymer dispersions. The studied systems were composed by PS, PA6, Al2O3 and TiO2 embedded in PP matrix. During the extrusion several concentrations of dispersed phase were used in transient state. The LALLS prototype detector developed is effective in the characterization of polymer dispersed phases, based in their light scattering, as well as for ceramic dispersed phases, where the light extinction phenomena are governed by light diffraction. By improving the original acquisition system (hardware and software) and the interpretation of the data, we showed that the prototype is sensitive to the concentrations, particle size distribution and differences in the refraction indexes of the dispersed phase.
Ritmo de trabalho no setor de costura em pequenas empresas de confecção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-30)
Herculani, Rhadler
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Bento, Paulo Eduardo Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2708487098165771
The objective of the dissertation is studying the pace of work in the sector of small sewing businesses of textile manufacturing. This sector has great socio-economic importance for Brazil, because of their economic contribution, as well as the quantity of jobs created. To achieve the proposed objective, was first performed a literature review on pace and organization of work, taking into consideration the factors that affect the pace of work in general, such as technology, training and motivation of staff, among others. Then, there was a review of the literature on small business, construction, highlighting its history, technology, industrial processes and general labor. The following are presented in 3 case studies of small businesses in construction, seeking to deepen the knowledge about factors that influence the pace of work. Finally, the study concludes the importance of human labor and industry of sewing, emphasizing that the pace remains influenced by good working conditions.
Os instrumentos de financiamento às Empresas de Base Tecnológica no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-31)
Pereira, Rosângela Cristina de Carvalho
;
Pinho, Marcelo Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1571881738853119
This dissertation has as central objective to analyze to what extent the available financing instruments for Technological Based Firms (EBTs) in Brazil, are adjusted to the purpose of promote the creation and development of this type of company. This implies, first of all, to carry through a survey and the characterization of extant public and private specific financing forms in the country. Thereafter, through the sample of EBTs searched, to evaluate empirically, the critical opinions, and suggestions presented by the entrepreneurs regarding to the current fomentation lines. The EBTs are technologically dynamic companies, with a dense knowledge base that carry through radical or incremental technological innovations in national or international scope. These innovations carry out the central role of these companies. As they are companies based on the technological development, the EBTs have specific functioning characteristics. These companies main aspect is the technological development, which causes in the majority of the cases, the lack of tangible assets that can serve as guarantees in the attainment of conventional credits. Thus, the EBTs needs highly specialized human capital and an initial financial resource for the research and the development given that, in this phase generally the companies still don't have commercialized products and, consequently, positive cash flow to guarantee its sustentability. Resulting from these specificities, the EBTs located in peripheral economies face other obstacles jointed to the macroeconomic environment, as raised basic taxes of interests, incipient market capital, raised competition of transnational companies, small extension of the markets, not consolidated systems of innovation, lack of joint in federal level of the governments to the innovation and technological development incentive of each country. In relation to the private financing, it is boarded the venture capital funds, a financing modality widely used in some countries, as United States and Israel. In these countries this modality is well succeed. However, the intense active role of the governments in articulation and promotion of this industry in both cases is observed. It is also dialed with the election and monitoring costs with the enterprises selected by venture capital funds. To explain this relationship, the Agency Theory is utilized, in which the relationship between the Investor and the Entrepreneur is complicated by the lack of transparency between the entrepreneurs and the risk investors and also by the availability of information in this relationship. Beyond the described difficulties, in Brazilian case, the venture capital faces difficulties regarding to the legal guarantees in the effective investments, therefore the Brazilian legal environment still does not promote adequate corporative governance. Thus, the legal environment of the country also affects the getting of capital for this modality. Finally, the results and the analyses on the EBTs behaviors in Brazil in the studied period are pointed, from the empirical research, and the profile of this EBTs are traced as well as its demand for financing.
Utilização e destino do carbono orgânico dissolvido em um reservatório eutrófico (Barra Bonita, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-07-31)
Panhota, Rafael Spadaccia
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
The stocks of dissolved organic compounds from the aquatic environments represent one of the largest bulks of active organic C in the biosphere. It is thoroughly accepted that the dissolved organic matter represents a dynamic component in the interaction among geosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere and as such, has potential to influence the global carbon cycle. Perhaps the most important characteristic of the dissolved organic matter is its bioavailability potential. Due the complex mixture of organic compounds, ultrafiltration techniques have been used to fractionate DOM in compounds of different molecular weights seeking for better understanding of dynamic and bacterioplankton uptakes. In this context, this study aim to quantify the seasonal variation of dissolved organic carbon concentrations; the proportion of high and low molecular weight compounds and also to verify such variations in function of some limnological variables of an eutrophic tropical reservoir (Barra Bonita, SP). Also, through bioassays, to determine the loss mass coefficients and the degradation routes of different resources (DOC presents in reservoir s water and Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes leachates) and their high (> 10 kDa) and low (< 10 kDa) molecular weight fractions. The results showed that DOC concentrations were higher in the rainy season, probability due the increase in primary production (stimulated by the largest concentration of nutrients, mainly phosphorus) and allochthonous material input, with predominance of compounds of high molecular weight. In the bioassays, the leaching of aquatic macrophytes presented higher loss mass coefficients than DOC in the reservoir s water, which the main mineralization route was the fast oxidation biological/chemistry (labile fraction). The POC formation generated low yield, being P. stratiotes leacheate higher POC producer than E. crassipes. The leachates with low molecular weight compounds were more uptaken than high molecular weight and they generated higher oxygen demand. In the decomposition experiment of reservoir s DOC, the slow oxidation biological/chemistry (refractory fractions) was the main mineralization route, the POC formation presented low yield and the oxygen demand was smaller in relation to the leachates. The results indicated possible variations in the use and fate of DOC for the bacterioplankton of different areas of the reservoir.