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Seleção de supervisor e diretor escolar no município de Piracicaba: racionalidades burocráticas ou tendências patrimonialistas?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-01-10) Piccoli, Denise Fujihara; Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169735705679214
This dissertation searched to analyze be the selection of a school principal a supervisor that was implemented after the fundamental teaching municipalization in the 90 s. Therefore, it was taken as empiric base the developed actions in a city from São Paulo state from 1999 to 2006. To emphasize the progressive alternation in the recruitment of these public servants, there s a public contest of tests and titles made in São Paulo. The objective was to understand how the city organized to select supervisors and school pricipals, and how it was happened. Therefore, a group of people had participated somehow of these choices could supply the essential information for the study development. For uderstanding the measured of these selections it was based in impersonal, candidate s professional knowledge and the execution of the abstract norms established or reaffirmed the beginnings a political culture based in patrimonialism and in clientelism, characteristics of the brazilian state
Metabolismo antioxidativo, biotransformação hepática e alterações histológicas de matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus, SPIX & AGASSIZ, 1829, CHARACIDAE) exposto ao fenol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-01-10) Avilez, Ive Marchioni; Moraes, Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292046989281781
Pollution is nowadays a problem that affects all environments, including the freshwater and the species living in there. Among them, under the ecotoxicological point of view, fish are a relevant group and the biggest among vertebrates. Phenol is an exogenous chemical usually present in concentrations higher than those allowed by law. Phenol is an organic lipophilic xenobiotic that cause toxic effects even at low concentrations and its presence in freshwater results from discharge of industrial efffluents. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenol effects 1) in the liver and red blood cells antioxidant metabolism, 2) in the liver biotransformation (phase I and II), 3) in the brain acetylcholinesterase plus recovery of 1 and 2 weeks and 4) in gills, liver and kidney, under the histopathological point of view, in matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, a freshwater teleost from Amazon basin, which is being widely cultivated in Sao Paulo state. For such, three assays were done. Firstly, the phenol LC50 was determined for 96 hours. Second, the exposition to phenol was carried out for 96 h to determine its effects on gills, liver and kidney. At last, an experiment of exposure for 96 h, followed by recovery for one and two weeks, was carried out to determine its antioxidant effects on the liver and on the red blood cell metabolism (vitamin C, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH and G6PDH); on two liver biotransformation phase I (EROD and ECOD) and phase II activities (UDPGT and GST) and brain acetylcholinesterase activity. The LC50 to phenol was 17, 40 mg/L, showing that matrinxã is a very sensitive species to phenol. From this, the phenol concentration used in all experiments was 2 mg/L. Histopathology observations showed that phenol affected harder the gills than liver and kidney, causing apical and total fusion of the secondary lamella plus blood congestion and sub epithelial edema. In the liver diameter increase of the sinusoidal capillaries and blood stasis was observed. In the kidney, phenol caused an increase of the space between glomerulus and capsule. A hematocrit increase was observed in fish exposed and recovery for one week. These results, associated to gill lesions, suggested that matrinxã endured a reduction in oxygen absorption. Erythrocyte antioxidant metabolism did not suggest that matrinxã exposed to phenol was under oxidative stress. Only G6PDH activity was increased during exposure, while CAT activity was decreased in matrinxã s erythrocytes. Also, oxidative stress was not observed after recovery. The antioxidant metabolism in liver was not affected after exposure, but after recovery, as it is suggested by the increase of GPx activity after first week of recovery followed by its decrease after second week. Hepatic G6PDH also decreases after the second week. These results corroborated the hepatic biotransformation data, which was increasing in the EROD and ECOD activities. The occurrence of oxidative stress only after the recovery may be ascribed to the increase in the hepatic biotransformation enzymes of the phase I, wherein the ERO production occurs. Moreover, phenol might have an inhibitory effect on phase II enzymes after phenol exposure, as suggested by UDPGT and GST activities decreases. Phenol was capable of inhibiting UDPGT activity in vitro, an effect not observed with GST activity. An inhibition of EROD and ECOD activities should be happened after exposition. The brain AChE activity was also inhibited after phenol exposure, regaining the control values after recovery. However, the vitamin C concentration increased after exposure and recovery, while a persistent decrease was observed in the liver after exposure and recovery. These results demonstrated phenol toxicity to matrinxa and the need of limit matrinxã exposure to this xenobiotic.
Um processo ágil de engenharia de requisitos com apoio de padrões de software
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-01-10) Toledo, Daniel Eduardo Funabashi de; Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5249844102520064
Requirements engineering has evolved historically connected to the waterfall process model of system development. For agile processes its value continues to be essential to develop systems that really satisfy the customer needs. The iterative process model with high interaction with the customer is the key to preserve its importance. Organizational and requirements patterns can be used to guide the requirements engineer to obtain efficient processes to develop systems following principles and approaches of agile development. In the context of a real systems development organization a proposal of an agile process for system development iteratively and interactively using organizational and requirements patterns has been formulated and evaluated in a real case study. This proposal has been modeled in the SPEM meta-model and considers advancing the application of software metrics to the requirements phase in order to better plan following iterations. The team that worked in the evaluation has been recruited internally in the organization and the author of the proposal and of this dissertation has also been a member of the organization. He trained his colleagues and followed and recorded the evaluation conducted. A questionnaire has been formulated and applied to the team and the results of this application are reported here. Some of the characteristics of the proposed process have been incorporated to the organization systems development practice and some are being considered for incorporation with the necessary adaptation. These are here commented together with the team opinion about the SPEM modeling and advanced application of software metrics.