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L-Histidina induz déficit estado dependente na evocação da memória em camundongos reexpostos ao labirinto em cruz elevado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-21) Serafim, Kelly Regina; Mattioli, Rosana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5694498670428619; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8930329663162350
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of L-Histidine (a histaminergic precursor) on anxiety and memory retrieval in mice using the elevated plus maze (EPM). The test was performed on two consecutive days. On the first day (T1), the animals received an i.p injection of saline (SAL) or L-Histidine (LH), 40 minutes before the test at dose of 200mg/kg and 500mg/kg. The following experimental groups were formed: SALSAL (n=10-11); SAL-LH (n=10-10); LH-SAL (n=10-13) and LH-LH ( n=10-15). Testing begun by placing the subjects on the central platform of the maze facing an open arm and test sessions were 5 min in duration. A similar procedure was carried out for animals in the retest condition (T2) (i.e prior maze experience). During the test we analyzed behavioural parameters that comprised both conventional and ethological measures. All sessions were video-recorded by a camera positioned above and ~50 ° to the maze. Conventional measures were the frequencies of total, open (OAE) and closed arm entries, time spent in open (OAT) and closed (CAT) and central parts (CT) of the maze, and its respectively percentage %OAT, %CAT and %TC. Ethological measures comprised frequency scores for rearing; head-dipping (Dip) and stretched-attend postures (SAP). No significant differences were found, at the 200mg/kg dose, in open arm entries (Kruskall-Wallis; P= 0,1537) and open arm time (Kruskall-Wallis; P=0,824;), and at 500mg/kg dose no significant differences were observed in OAE and OAT [F(1,48)= 43,56; 13,01, p< 0,05, respectively) between the Sal-Sal and LH-LH groups in T1, indicating that L-histidine had no anxiolytic effect. At 200mg/kg dose a decreased of OA entries was observed for the SAL-SAL (Wilcoxon; P=0,017823), SAL-LH (Wilcoxon; P=0,00021) and LH-SAL (Wilcoxon; P=0,007) groups and in the OA time only for the SAL-SAL (Wilcoxon, P=0,0166) and SAL-LH (Wilcoxon; P=0,0284) groups. At the highest dose the LH-Sal group reduced open arm time and entries ([F(1,48)= 13.01 and 43.56; p<0.05) on the second trial, indicating that acquisition and storage was not affected by LH. Further, the LH-LH group did not reduce exploration time of the open arms during re-exposure, in both days indicanting an inability to evoke memory. No alteration in the locomotor activity represented by CAE was observed (p>0,05). Regarding a ethological behaviors, in both doses, the frequencies of Dipping was decreased (p<0,05) in the reexposure. In both treatment, the LH-LH group did not reduce the ratio of SAP during the retest, indicative of failure to evoke memory (p<0,05). Therefore, our results indicating that LH did not show anxiolitic effects but induces a state-dependent memory retrieval deficit in mice
Identificação de áreas prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade na Microrregião Geográfica de Erechim, RS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-21) Maia, Roberta Malinowski; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2331284394284548
The high deforestation rate of the tropical forests is considered a great challenge to the conservation programs. The reduction of the original size of the natural forest areas and the isolation caused by the fragmentation of these areas constitute great menaces to the biodiversity conservation. In doing so, the Atlantic Forest constitutes one of the more richest and threatened forests of the world with urgent need of conservation, management and recuperation. In this way, studies that they contemplate the analysis of the dynamics of landscapes constitute in fundamental activities for an integrated management of the natural resources at local and regional scale, providing subsidies for the strategic planning and for the environmental management of landscapes intensely fragmented. This work had as objective the identification and the analysis of remainders of natural and semi-natural vegetation with priority for the biodiversity conservation in Geographic Microregion of the Erechim (RS), submitted to the environmental dynamics of the loss processes, fragmentation and regeneration of habitats, as subsidy for the elaboration of conservation plans, as well as for the future amplification of the Reservation of the Biosphere of the Atlantic Forest. The methodological procedures were accomplished in SIGs IDRISI ANDES and MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL 8.0 and they involved: verification of the dynamics of the loss, fragmentation and regeneration of habitats, using images of the satellites LandSat (TM5 - 1984 and 1992) and LandSat 7 (ETM - 2002); analysis of the ecological integrity of the fragments by means of the Indicator of Ecological Integrity (IEI) with base in the referring information to the vegetation fragments, Probable Minimum Age (PMA) of the areas of the fragments and of a Edge-Core Gradient (ECG); evaluation of the susceptibility of the fragments to the environmental risks with the use of four factors (distance to the forest covering, distance to the hidrografic net, proximity to the urban centers and proximity to the roadways); culminating in the identification of areas with priority for the conservation by means of the correlation between the data of susceptibility to the environmental risks and ecological integrity of the fragments. Great losses didn't happen in the total area occupied by vegetation, which presented an amplification among the years of 1984 and 1992 (5,07%) and posterior reduction between 1992 and 2002 (5,36), staying in just 16% of the total area in 2002. More than 86% of the fragments possess inferior area to five hectares, representing 23% of the total area occupied by vegetation, and 102 fragments just possess superior area for 100 ha, corresponding 19% of the total area of vegetation. Areas that apparently didn't suffer surface alterations in the analyzed period, presenting PMA 20 years old, corresponded at 56,4% of the area of vegetation. In the analysis of ECG, it was verified that 26% of the area of the vegetation are located in the core (considered as distant area in more than 60 m starting from the edge with the not vegetated border) of the fragments, being more than 70% represented by edge area. IEI varied of zero for 95, and more than 96% of the fragments were classified between the classes of smaller integrity, representing 46% of the total area of vegetation and 1,3% of the fragments reveals areas with larger relevance for biodiversity conservation, with larger integrity of habitats. In the analysis of risks 37% of the fragments they are less subject to risks, and the areas with larger risks constitute 38% of the fragments, more than 26.000 ha of vegetation. In the analysis of areas with priority, they were identified 177 fragments with larger priority for conservation, comprehending 20.000 ha of vegetation approximately. The obtained data guide to the fragment-key identification with larger potential for the conservation of the regional biodiversity. In this context, the evaluation of the correlation between the ecological integrity and the environmental risks of the vegetation remainders, submitted to the loss processes, fragmentation and regeneration of habitats was effective in this identification, could be an alternative in short or medium period for the delimitation of areas with potential for conservation as subsidy for more specific studies, in level of populations and flora and fauna communities.
PCU | PSP : uma estratégia que promove agilidade na gerência de projetos de software
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-21) Sanchez, Arnaldo Napolitano; Sanches, Rosely; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1185556204910616; Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3320773735068578
Background: aiming to implement software processes quality models for small companies, several projects were developed in collaboration with Universidade Federal de São Carlos and USP São Carlos research centers. In this context, it was identified the need of improving the process of project management. Aim: this work presents a strategy that facilitates the management of software projects adjusting the Use Case Points method so that it effectively reflects the development team characteristics and the system planning to be developed be close the reality. This adjust comes from the application of the PSP (Personal Software Process) process activities and from a constant evaluation of the activities in course, together the actualization and control of the elaborated project planning. Method: this strategy was extracted from the systematic application of both the PCU method and PSP process, in the small companies’ environment, so that the project progress can be always evaluated. On account of this, it was identified the necessity of adjust the Effort Level (NDE – in Portuguese) per Use Case Point as well as the environmental factors of the PCU method per developer. The monitoring of the project through the PCU method variables adjustment, based on the PSP activities, resulted in the definition of the PCU|PSP Strategy, proposed here. Results: the strategy is being actually applied in small software companies, as shown in the two case studies presented in this work. The obtained results indicate its contribution to the quality improvement of the management software projects, mainly in relation to the planning and control activities. Conclusion: based on the obtained results, the strategy has achieved the objective of facilitating the implementation of process quality models, like the MPS.BR, only in respect to project management. Besides, the strategy is perfectly adjusted to the Scrum agile method, making agile and controllable the project management, what is a positive point, mainly in the context of small companies.
Treinamento de habilidades sociais para pais de crianças com queixas escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-21) Barros, Sibely Karina da Silva Nogueira de; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
The relation between learning disabilities and school subjects can be easily seen by lay people as well as by professionals and students in the area. Besides this relation, literature has shown that a child s family environment, mainly the parents, play an important role in either strengthening or weakening social skills and study habits. This research was aimed at testing the effects of a training program in educational social skills for parents on their children s school performance. The present study involved 15 parents whose children, 1st 8th graders from public and private schools, were denominated by their children as having scholl problems. Parents were divided randomly in an Experimental Group (N=8) and a nonequivalent Control Group (N=7). The training program in social skills for parents was structured in thirteen sessions which took place once a week, each lasting approximately 120 minutes, in a Psychology Clinic located in a town in the state of São Paulo. Instruments of direct and indirect verification were used to evaluate behavior: filming, Checklist for parents and Test of School Performance ( Teste de Desempenho Escolar , TDE-Stein, 1994). The study was divided into four stages: (a) initial evaluation; (b) intervention; (c) final evaluation; and (d) follow-up after six months. Descriptive statistics was used to present data and content analysis was used to interpret the results, especially with regards to its clinical relevance and social acceptance. Results suggest that there has been an increase in social skills reported by the parents and an improvement in their children s school performance after intervention. Parent s social skills seem to have contributed positively to the reduction of their children s school problems. Parents who are highly involved in their children s lives can behave in desirable manner with regards to helping in school chores, as well as serving as good models in social and academic situations, which in turn help improve children s social and academic skills. The training program in social skills for parents has proved to be an effective method to solve interaction problems, especially those related to the school problems complaints on the school performance and/or related to the social interactions in classroom. These results also demonstrate the importance of positive involvement from both parents on their children s social-emotional development and school performance and the necessity of training programs for parents.