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A comunidade de Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) em área de Mata Atlântica de região de Campos do Jordão, SP, Brasil : taxonomia, diversidade e distribuição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Loffredo, Ana Paula da Silva
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2740297866888476
The present work had for aim to survey of Pimplinae fauna in area of Atlantic forest at Campos do Jordão, SP, contributing to the taxonomic knowledge of the group as well to investigate the occurence of possible pattern of spatialdistribution of those insects, considering a altitudinal gradient (600- 2000m) and the seasonal influence that the study area is submitted. Using Malaise traps and "sweeping" the vegetation in 15 points in different altitudes were obtained 546 identified specimens distributed in 16 genera and 65 morphospecies. Schyzopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 was mentioned for the first time to Brazil. For the genera Hymenoepimecis Viereck, 1912 and Zaglyptus Foerster, 1869 three and two new species were described respectively. The species of Pimpla Fabricius, 1804 and Neotheronia Krieger, 1899 were the most frequent. It was not possible to observe a distribution pattern according to the gradient altitudinal for the community of Pimplinae. The results obtained in this study enlarge the knowledge regarding the distribution of Pimplinae in neotropical region, and contribute to studies about distribution of parasitoid insects along an altitudinal gradient
Estudo da influência de íons titânio e cobalto nas propriedades magnéticas e absorvedoras de ondas eletromagnéticas de hexaferrita de bário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Yasuda, Márcio Tsuyoshi
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7175725020946375
In this work Cobalt and Titanium doped Barium hexaferrites were synthesized by the ceramic method in order to study their use as electromagnetic absorbing materials in high frequencies. The dopants were used individually (Ti and Co) and with both simultaneously (CT). Ceramic characteristics and magnetic properties of calcined powders, as well as of their pellets sintered in electric and microwave furnaces were evaluated. For the high frequency permeability measurements, hexaferrites ring-shaped sintered and ring-shaped composites with the hexaferrite powders and epoxi resin were produced. Barium hexaferrite powder (BaM) presented 3.45 kOe of coercivity and the same synthesizing conditions were used in all hexaferrites with dopant atomic fractions of 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; and 1,0. In Ti hexaferrites (BaFe12-xTixO19) microstructures there were BaFe2O4, Fe2O3 and Ba3Fe10TiO20 phases and they presented coercivities between 1,53 and 1,04 kOe. Co hexaferrites (BaFe12- xCoxO19) microstructures showed W, Y and Z hexaferrites types phases, with coercivities between 0,70 and 0,21 kOe. In CT hexaferrites (BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19) it was presented CoFe2O4 phase, with coercivities between 0,09 and 1,06 kOe was presented. Most of the pellets sintered in microwave furnace had apparent densities close to those of the pellets sintered in electric furnace and their coercivities were higher or equal. The grains heterogeneity increased with dopant quantities and the Ti microstructures presented more quantity of M type hexaferrites in comparison to other samples. The ring-shaped sintered samples of BaM, Ti and CT hexaferrites showed ferrimagnetic ressonance peaks in 110 MHz and 780 GHz. In Co hexaferrites the presence of hexaferrites different from M type contributed to the different tangent loss in comparison to other hexaferrites. The tangent loss of composites showed the same peaks observed in the ring-shaped sintered samples but with smaller intensities. These composites showed absorption loss up to 20 dB in 12 GHz too.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos em fluxo envolvendo espectrofotometria convencional e com longo caminho óptico para determinação de ânions em águas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Bonifacio, Viviane Gomes
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5797977305592896
In this work, five procedures were developed for determination of anions (chloride, sulphate, phosphate and fluoride), with spectrophotometric detection, being four employing a 100-cm optical length flow-cell and one of them employing a cell whith 1 cm optical length. The first procedure employing flow injection analysis with long pathlenght for chloride determination in natural waters was based in the spectrophotometric procedure described in Standard Methods130 in which the reaction between mercury(II) thiocianate and chloride displace the thiocianate ions yielding a reddish complex with iron(III), that was spectrophotometrically monitored at 455 nm. The analytical curve obtained was linear in the chloride concentration range of 1.0 to 50 mg L-1 (r = 0.9989) with a detection limit of 0.2 mg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 0.7 mg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD < 1.0% (n = 20) and a sampling rate of 72 h-1. The second procedure for chloride determination employed a solid-phase reactor containing silver chloranilate immobilized coupled to the FIA system. The chloride determination is based on the reaction between chloride and silver chloranilate yielding silver chloride, displacing chloranilate ions which were spectrophotometrically detected at 530 nm and the absorbance signals proportional to the chloride concentration. The analytical curve showed a good linearity in the chloride concentration range of 0.5 to 100 mg L-1 (r = 0.9997) with a detection limit of 0.3 mg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 0.5 mg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD of 1.05% (n = 20) and a sampling rate of 80 h-1. The flow procedure for sulphate determination in natural waters employed a solid-phase reactor containing barium chloranilate immobilized. The determination is based on the reaction between sulphate ions and barium chloranilate yielding barium sulphate, displacing the chloranilate ions that were spectrophotometrically detected at 530 nm. The analytical curve obtained was linear in the sulphate concentration range of 2.5 to 40 mg L-1 ( r = 0.9994) a detection limit of 0.1 mg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 0.3 mg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD < 1.0% (n = 10) and a sampling rate of 50 h-1. The proposed procedure for phosphate determination in natural waters employing flow injection analysis with long pathlenght spectrophotometry is based on the colorless reaction of iron(III) thiocianate and phosphate ions. Iron(III) reacts with thiocianate yielding FeSCN2+, a reddish complex with maximum absorbance in 468 nm. The phosphate ions in contact with FeSCN2+ yield a colorless complex between iron(III) and phosphate, with non-defined stoichiometry. The decrease of the absorbance signals is proportional to the phosphate concentration in the samples. The analytical curve obtained was linear in the phosphate concentration range of 10 to 100 µg L-1 (r = 0.9996) a detection limit of 4.5 µg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 15.6 µg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD < 1.0% (n = 10) and a sampling rate of 55 h-1. The procedure for fluoride determination in mineral waters employing a 1-cm optical flow-cell was based on the same procedure for phosphate determination. The reaction between fluoride ions and FeSCN2+ yield the colorless FeF6 3-complex causing an absorbance decrease, proportional to the fluoride concentration in the samples. The analytical curve showed a good linearity for the fluoride concentration range of 0.02 to 5.33 mg L-1 (r = 0.9997) with a detection limit of 5.3 µg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 17.6 µg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD of 1.9% (n = 20) and a sampling rate of 110 h-1. Results obtained with the proposed procedures were compared with those obtained with the official methods from Standard Methods showing a good agreement at the 95% confidence level.
Aqua - atividades de qualidade no contexto ágil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Cavamura Júnior, Luiz
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5989928022839435
Background: The term agility has increasingly received attention in Software Engineering, since there is a growing demand for executing and delivering software systems in a shorter and shor ter period of time. Agile software development proposes a rapid and iterative development aiming at meeting all of clients needs and, as a consequence, achieving good results throughout development process. Although this methodology is well-known, it is important to notice that its methods, even the ones which are the most quoted in the scientific literature, do not establish any detailed guidelines so that they can be effectively adopted. Some examples encompass details of activities performed, practices and procedures used and some piece of information which must be documented. However, there are not any case studies which show, practically, the whole pro cess of the adopted method. Aim: This work aimed at contributing in order to achieving improvements in quality of the agile processes by introducing an approach named AQUA - Quality Activities in Agile Context. This approach takes into account th e application of software quality assurance activities such as inspection, test and planning activities which may be used along with any agile method adopted, in the early stag es of requirements elicitation. Method: Only the most quoted methods in the literature were analyzed, from which a generic process was extracted besides a group of artifacts utilized by these methods, supporting, thereby, the definition process of the strategy proposed. Results: This approach was applied by using software requirements developed during a graduate course in Federal University of São Carlos, and the results give insights of its contribution to the improvement in process quality. Conclusion: Although this example had been small, the use of the proposed approach did not make it difficult th e application of the agile method adopted and presented benefits with regard to improvements of process quality.
Interação da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca e do lactato sanguíneo durante o exercício resistido em idosos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Simões, Rodrigo Polaquini
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2731345085062145
The anaerobic threshold (AT) is an important parameter for prescription of physical exercise in various clinical conditions, because represent the intensity of effort at which the aerobic metabolism begins to be supplemented by anaerobic metabolism for the production of energy. In this context, different methods to identify AT have been described, for example by analysis of blood lactate and the respiratory gas exchanges, yet such methods require expensive equipment and materials. Low cost non-invasive techniques such as heart rate variability (HRV) have been proposed to determine the AT; however, they are most commonly applied in discontinuous protocols on a cycle ergometer or treadmill. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the behavior of HRV and blood lactate during resistance exercise (RE) with increasing resistances at a percentage of one repetition maximum (1RM), and investigate the existence of an aerobic-anaerobic transition point in the metabolism during lower leg exercise in healthy older adults. Secondarily, our objective was to evaluate the relationship between different methods, as well as the degree of concordance between the same. Ten healthy men ranging in age from 60 to 70 years old (mean and SD: 64 ± 4 years, 166 ± 3 cm, 70 ± 7 kg), underwent medical examination, ergonomic testing and laboratory exams (hemogram, triglycerides, total and fractional cholesterols, glycemia and uric acid. The protocol for RE was administered on Leg Press 45° (Pró-Fitness) equipment. The protocol resistance loads used were determined by 1RM test; the volunteer complete one full cycle on the equipment at the maximum resistance load that the volunteer could achieve, and the resistance load increases were calculated from this test value at rates of 10% of 1RM until a 30% increase and then at increments of 5% until exhaustion. At each percentage increase of effort, the volunteer performed 4 minutes of exercise followed a rest interval of 15 minutes. Heart rate was captured throughout the protocol by a Polar Vantage Heart rate monitor connected to a Polar Advantage Interface that transmitted the data in real time to a Soyo Notebook computer. The blood samples were collected before the initial effort and immediately after the end of each resistance load. Blood lactate and HRV were analyzed at rest conditions with the volunteer positioned on the equipment and at each percentage of effort. The indexes utilized for HRV analysis were RMSSD, RMSM, SD1, SD2 and SD1/SD2 ratio. To identify the aerobic-anaerobic transition point, blood lactate concentrations were used (gold standard) as well as SD1 and RMSSD indexes; and these points were denominated as lactate threshold (LT), SD1 threshold (SD1T) and RMSSD threshold (RMSSDT). The level of significance for all statistical tests was set at 5%. The principal result showed that the mean of the RMSSD, RMSM and SD1 indexes reduced significantly at 30% 1RM in relation to the rest condition, and blood lactate presented an exponential increase at 30% 1RM, that was significantly greater in relation to the rest condition at 35%. There was no significant difference in relation to absolute and relative values for resistance loads at which the aerobic-anaerobic transition point was identified (absolute values: LT = 101 ± 32 kg, SD1T = 96 ± 28 kg, RMSSDT = 97 ± 21 kg; Relative values: LT = 30 ± 6%, SD1T = 29 ± 6%, RMSSDT = 29 ± 5%). Additionally, good concordance and good correlation were found between LT and RMSSDT (r = 0.78) and between LT and SD1T (0.81). It can be concluded that the behavior of HRV and blood lactate change markedly at 30% 1RM during resistance exercise on the Leg Press 45°. It was possible at this percentage to identify the aerobic-anaerobic metabolism transition point by blood lactate as well as by HRV in healthy older men.
Caracterização e zoneamento ambiental do zoológico municipal de Mogi Mirim-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Marino, Luciana Mara Ribeiro
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9195002299985358
The modern Zoos are in a continuous improvement for the attendance of your principal functions - leisure, education, conservation and research. The understanding of the relationship among the environmental protection (preservation, conservation and recovery) and the public use of the Zoos for activities recreational or educational has been the administrators' of these institutions great challenge. The present work had as objective the environmental characterization and zoning of the Municipal Zoological Park of Moji Mirim and its immediate surrounding to subsidize your management plan. The Zoological Park environmental characterization was made based on the use of Geographical Information Systems, making possible the elaboration of a georeferenced database and thematic maps of several landscape structural elements (limits, hydrography, road net and land use). These results allowed the proposition of a Zoo s conceptual environmental zoning and for your buffer zone, in terms of the environmental risks resulting from the types and intensities of the immediate surrounding land uses. The environmental zoning constitutes the primary component of a management plan, a public declaration document of the institution manager's of the Zoological Park intentions in the perspective to assure the execution of your functions
Entre o dito e o feito : a garantia de permanência dos alunos no ensino fundamental nas escolas estaduais do município de Araras-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Zuttin, Marlene Aparecida da Silva
;
Tagliavini, João Virgílio
This study aims at verifying the permanency of children and adolescents at public schools of the compulsory school system elementary school in the city of Araras. From the perspective of the right to education found in educational legislations in a confront between the legal and the real, the said and the done. Since the historical evolution of the educational rights in the Brazilian Constitutions from 1824 to 1988 and going through the Law for Directories and Bases, National Plan of Education, Underage Code and Statute for Children and Adolescents. Between the announced right and the guarantee of the right an incursion in the school environment occurs. This research takes a historical journey in the city of Araras since the conquests of backlands in São Paulo and presents its actors. The reality of the city is portrayed by using the index of social vulnerability for a better understanding of the economical and social aspects of its population. The study seeked to understand through official data, the approval, failure and abandonment, from the State Secretariat of Education São Paulo, the issue of permanency characterized and mapped in the eight selected public schools. The research brings the backstage between the imposed rules and the real daily routine of campus-schools with quantitative data from the State Secretariat of Education and qualitative data collected in interviews with people in charge of the selected schools. The project observed the movement of these indicators within the school itself contrasting it comparatively to another institution by organizing them in groups A and B of classified regions in different degrees of social vulnerability. The analysis took into consideration the organization of the elementary cycles I (1st to 4th grades) and II (5th to 8th grades) The study detected that the children and adolescents from group A located in areas of lesser social vulnerability have a longer permanency of their students which was proved in the indicators of approval, failure and abandonment. The children of the first cycle no matter the group A or B, presented better results of those indicators. Besides the official indicators, the research used interview with directors in order to get the interpretation and application of the legislation and educational concepts of daily school, specially, concerning to the access and the permanency of students in the school. The e index of social vulnerability has a very significant correlation with the results of permanency, because it embeds various social indicators among them such as levels of illiteracy, the householder s average number of years studied and income capable of reflecting the valuing of education and school by the families with influence on a good school performance. The complexity of the issue of the permanency cannot be explicated by an isolated factor. There are many variables that interfere and interrelate making difficult the isolation or an identification of a starting point in the process which keeps itself in a continuous and dialectic movement. Through the dissertation it has been observed that the issue of permanency of children and adolescents in the compulsory education goes far beyond the announced rights and the guarantees of the rights. The research has shown that the social conditions of these children and adolescents put them in excluding situations of all sorts and expropriate those who need to study.
Caracterização do nanocompósito de Al2O3 com inclusões nanométricas de ZrO2 visando sua aplicação como reforço em próteses odontológicas de cerâmica livre de metal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Pierri, Juliano de
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Tomasi, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8591752492566665
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4434204684908503
There are many different materials used in dental prosthesis, metal combined with ceramic (metalloceramic), combination of polymers with metal (metal-polymer), metal, polymer and ceramic metal free or metal-free. Metalfree dental prostheses, including crowns and bridges, are attractive to dentists and patients because they have better aesthetics, abrasion resistance, biocompatibility and low thermal conductivity when compared with traditional metal-ceramic prostheses. However, mechanical failures may occur because they are fragile materials. Zirconia (ZrO2) and alumina (Al2O3) are ceramics that have mechanical and aesthetic features suitable for manufacture of these prostheses. In the late 80's, were obtained significant improvements in mechanical properties of composites consisting of alumina matrix with nanoscale inclusions. Previous experimental results showed that the addition of small amounts of nanometric zirconia to the alumina sets a material with interesting mechanical properties. This study proposes the use of composites with nanoscale inclusions of zirconia as a material for the preparation of metalfree dental prostheses. To check this possibility, alumina matrix nanocomposites samples were prepared with 5% of nanometric inclusions of ZrO2 to test the biocompatibility in vivo and some mechanichal properties. In the mechanical characterization tests were performed under 3 point bending (according to ISO 6872/97) and diametral tensile test. Biocompatibility tests were performed on bone and subconjunctival tissue of rats. The results showed that, in accordance with the standards in dentistry and compared with values observed in previous studies, the material in this study has excellent mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility which allows its use as reinforcement in metal-free dental prostheses.
Seleção de modelos de tempos com longa-duração para dados de finanças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22)
Granzotto, Daniele Cristina Tita
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804132689797867
Estudo comparativo da eficiência de diferentes processos oxidativos para o tratamento de águas residuais contendo pesticidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Gromboni, Caio Fernando
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3094371391359214
Due to the vast amount of waste containing solutions of pesticides normally generated in cattle farms, in this study were evaluated different processes aiming its degradation. Initially were studied, two chamber photo-oxidative, which showed potential for the degradation of wastewater. Another alternative was investigate it was the coupling between microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To evaluate the efficiency of decomposition of the system were determinate the levels of initial carbon and after the treatments, using optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. To identify the subproducts generated, chromatographic techniques were employed. In laboratory scale, the results indicated high efficiencies for degradation of wastewater, mainly for the tests performed with the photo-Fenton reaction, which had rates of decline exceeding 90%. It was noted that the decomposition of the wastewater of Colosso® pesticide is simpler when compared to the treatment of Supocade® pesticide. After the assessments in scale laboratory was built a prototype that employs Fenton reaction and agitation to be employed directly in the field. This prototype was tested and showed efficiencies of degradation of 60% for Supocade®, while for the Colosso® about 95% of the original carbon content has been removed from the solution, showing that the behaviour of reactions depends of active principle that compound the commercial product.
Razão instrumental e preconceito: reflexões sobre o bullying
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Antunes, Deborah Christina
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Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1065956470701739
This paperwork Idiscusses Ithe Iconcept Iof Ibullying, Icharacterized Ias Ia Ikind Iof school violence that occurs in students relationship. A theoretical analysis is made in the first part of this paper. Starting at the critical of instrumental reason and the concept I of I prejudice, I both I based I on I the ICritical ITheoryI of I Society, I the I criticalI of formal and descriptive bullying is brought about. An empirical research is presented in the second part, which objective is to analyze the proximity between what is described by bullying and what is considered, here, prejudice in both empirical data collected by individual interviews and also by a discussion group with students from 8º grade of a private fundamental school. It is considered that, although both refer to similar facts and share individual and cultural determinants, they are opposed concepts. The first one collaborates to the maintenance of the status quo, while the second one recognizes on the knowledge the objective of human emancipation.
O conceito de identidade na filosofia e nos atos de linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Maia, Rubens Dias
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
Dicionário de Análise do Discurso, of Charaudeau and Maingueneau, at the entry Identidade, affirms that the concept of identity is difficult to define. It is central for most human and social sciences, and it is the object of different definitions, some of which very vague. This encouraged the research about the concept and the word identity. The word is erudite, originated in philosophy, but the idea of identity is permanent and is related to other words of everyday use. This thing, this stuff. Since the time before Socrates there are theories about the concept of being and the principle of identity. It is in the use of language, with the demonstrative adjectives and verb forms that the identification of people occurs, the speaker reveals itself in opposition to the listener: identity and alterity. We intend to demonstrate that the concept of identity has always been linked to the concept of being. Everything has identity if it is a being with internal unity, distinct from others, if it has its own coherence, if it presents its truth and its value. The principle of identity has a negative formulation in the principle of noncontradiction, which guarantees the coherence of both language and communication. Language, however, is not always logical. Sometimes, it seems to contradict the principle of non-contradiction. Language needs the resources for identification: the definition, the metalanguage, the metadiscourse of the speaker, when the speaker can remake his own speech, correct himself, and prevent misunderstandings
Protocolo para avaliar a acessibilidade ao computador para alunos com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474728505225459
The national and the foreigner literature indicate that the successful education of students with cerebral palsy can require the implementation of resources and appropriate equipments, allowing the individual to improve their performance and complete daily tasks in a more efficient and independent way. The assistive technology is a term used to name the equipments / resources as well as the services linked to them that promote to the individual a greater success in the accomplishment of activities, increasing, maintaining or improving their functional capacities. The implementation of those resources is a complex process, involving variables of the person, of the equipment, of the task to be executed and of the environment. An appropriate initial evaluation is of great importance and the current study had as objective to systematize a tool with specific procedures to verify the eligibility of computational resources of high assistive technology to the students with cerebral paralysis to be applied by a team of special education and rehabilitation professionals. It is a descriptive research, based in a North American checklist already existent that evaluates the physical characteristics and posture to determine the best way to use the computer. The methodology involved phases as the translation and the cross-cultural adaptation of that checklist as well as the implementation of a supplemental guide for additional use of the referred checklist for the educational context. The translation procedures, theoretical and technical adaptation of the North American checklist and theoretical analysis (content and semantics) were accomplished with the participation of special education specialist professionals as judges. With the analysis of the judges' results, the outcome indicated the relevance of the translated checklist s proposition together with the itinerary built to the professionals' reality involved in the education of children with cerebral palsy. The study resulted in a protocol for computer accessibility evaluation, in which there are five parts, the first three were created (Student Identification, Performance in the Classroom Academic Activities, Interest in the Computer s Implementation) and the last two adapted from the translated checklist (PCA: Physical Characteristics Assessment Computer Access for Individuals with Cerebral Palsy and Conclusions). The theoretical validation phase should be accomplished before the checklists are made available, and it is expected that the presented study will contribute to the process of making viable a checklist for the evaluation and the prescription of resources of high assistive technology that allows the computer access and, in that way, improves the education quality for those students. Besides, it seeks a contribution to the practice of professionals that work on that theme when making available that kind of checklist, collaborating on the theoretical development of this area in the Brazilian reality
Influência do método de preparação de catalisadores bifuncionais, Pt-Ni/HUSY, na isomerização do n-hexano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Yoshioka, Carlos Minoru Nascimento
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
Gasoline containing high amount of linear chain compounds have low octane number. However, this number can be increased when linear alkanes are subjected to isomerization, able to change linear chain compounds to ramificationcontaining alkanes. Such reactions require the use of bifunctional catalysts, containing acid and metal sites, which show high efficiency in the isomerization of linear chain paraffins. Most work in the literature involves the use of bifunctional catalysts with constant mass of metal and with high activation time of the catalyst, the so-called "Traditional Activation ". Therefore, the goal of this work is to study the influence of the method of preparation of bifunctional metallic catalysts through two methods of activation, in order to obtain a catalyst with well dispersed metallic particles. These catalysts had been reduced through the "Fast Activation" that consists in using high speed of heating in the process of reduction of cations. In this work, bifunctional and bimetallic catalysts supported in the FAU zeolitic structure containing constant molar content of Pt-Ni were prepared. The addition of these metals in the solid was accomplished through competitive ionic exchange, using solutions of these metals cations. Three series of metallic catalyst had been prepared, contaning 130, 230 and 280 µmol M/gcat. They have been characterized by temperature programmed of reduction (TPR), hydrogen chemisorption, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), CO infrared spectroscopy and submitted to catalytic evaluation in the isomerization of n-hexane. From analysis of the results, it is possible to conclude that the fast activation process is more advantageous than the traditional one, then it avoids the migration of cations to small cavities of the zeolitic structure, minimizes the process of sintering of metallic particles and requires a much less time of activation. The insertion of a second metal (nickel) in the platinum bifunctional catalyst leads to getting solids with different properties from those that contain only platinum. Thus, it becomes possible to obtain bimetallic catalysts that are more active than the ones containing only one metal, even if it is noble metal.
Aprendizagem discriminativa em jovens e em idosos com e sem doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Sartori, Raquel Martins
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8645774729592438
Population aging is an increasing reality in developing countries. As a result, in the past decades the dementia has become one of the major problems of public health, affecting at least 5% of the population over the age of 65 years. Alzheimer s disease (AD), which is one form of dementia, is related to memory impairment, loss of capacity to learn new skills and forgetfulness of those skills previously mastered. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to investigate whether or not people with AD can learn new conditional discriminations; (2) to verify the extent to which learning of and memory for the stimuli decrease in elderly people without AD. The matching-to-sample (MTS) has been used to assist different populations with special needs in the acquisition of discriminative skills that cannot be learned through conventional teaching methods. The participants in this study were six elderly individuals with AD (two in the initial phase and four in the moderate phase), eight elderly individuals without any form of dementia, and seven young adults aged between 18 and 38 years. The elderly with AD failed to learn conditional discriminations with arbitrary stimuli, but they did learn identity conditional discriminations and simple discriminations. The typically developing elderly participants learned the conditional discriminations and did form equivalence classes; however, they required more training than the younger participants. This study allowed the identification of the process by which every participant learned the relationships, as well as the analysis of the differences between ages and health conditions of the elderly. The systematic teaching of new discriminations could be a useful strategy to maintain the cognitive skills along the aging process.
Construção dos conteúdos para o primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de nove anos a partir da base de conhecimento sobre a língua materna de professoras em exercício e de propostas governamentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Silva, Danitza Dianderas da
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Reyes, Cláudia Raimundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7424347427670405
This dissertation integrates the Teaching and learning processes in different contexts research line, that investigates the development and appropriation of knowledge in pedagogical processes and in education, specifically to what is related to the performance of the processes of teaching and learning of mother language contents for six years old children, as well as to what is related to the curricular reforms of the educational politics has been establishing on the specific contents of mother language to the new context of the nine years Basic Education, specifically related to the first year. For that, we search to investigate Which contents of mother language should be inserted in the education of first year s children of the nine years Basic Education, from the perception of teachers and the governmental proposals? , having as objective to identify and analyze, in the public politics, since the 80 s, the specifics contents of mother language to be taught to six years old children. And also, by means of a formation course of revision of specific contents of the language, to identify next to the participant teachers, which were the relevant contents to be worked in the first year of the nine years Basic Education. In order to the objectives were accomplished, we have made in a first stage interviews with ten public and particular net teachers from the city of São Carlos SP, that have yet taught six year s old children classes, questioning about the contents that should be taught to them. In a second stage, having the collaborative methodology as focus, we ve shown these data to five teachers, also for the public and particular net teachers of the same city, that started to be part of a discussion group concerning about the contents for the first year, in order to discourse on the same matter, on the governmental proposes and the different aspects of mother language. We can verify in the investigation that these teachers used to teach a bigger number of mother language contents that the official documents considered to be taught. The emphasis of these teachers works was based: in the different literal sorts; in the daily reading performed by them and their pupils; in the production of verbal and/or written texts by each pupil individually and/or in the collective production with all of the room.
Capacitação de mães de bebês pré-termo como agentes de promoção do desenvolvimento, no ambiente hospitalar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
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Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650
This research aimed to produce (enhance) the knowledge on the necessities and possibilities for the qualification of the mother of preterm baby to work as development improver agent during the hospital internment of this babies. The research was conducted through two articulated studies , implemented in a hospital institution, having as participants the mothers (or equivalents) with interned babies and the professionals who worked on the External Nursery, where the babies stay waiting for the medical advice after the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The # 1 Study corresponds to the examination of the process of procedures elaboration for a teaching program to the mothers or baby sitter during the baby stay in the NICU which included the development of skills of the mothers of preterm babies to care them during their stay in the NICU, considering the needs and peculiarities of this situation. The #1 Study also searched the identification of the procedures used by the professionals to prepare the mother in that sense, by mean of interviews and observation (direct and through video taping) of situation of mother and baby interaction and mother and professional interaction; and the proposition of the objective and teaching conditions compatible with such necessities and available resources. From this #1 Study resulted a modular teaching program, with corresponding unit of relevant abilities and, related to that, a set of information, demonstration and training exercises. In the #2 Study, which corresponds to the evaluation of the teaching resources, proposed as conditions for the mother training; from the implemented program units starting point, with a group of mothers of preterm babies, during their stay in the hospital environment after leaving the neonatal intensive care unit, information was gathered that could indicate the efficiency of the program to promote such abilities, at least on the spoken feed back level of the participant mothers. For that, direct observation of the action of the mothers (before, during and after the implementation of the teaching modules which each one was submitted) and interviews (before and after the teaching activities). Such observations indicated a possible impact of the implemented activities due to the revealing changes on the spoken report and even in the manner of the mother in interacting with the baby, and also provided a better understanding on the conditions that favor or not the training of the mother to care their baby, regarding the routine and characteristics of the situation on the transition of the baby from the neonatal intensive care unit to their home.
Correspondência verbal/não verbal: efeitos da intermitência de reforçamento e da história de fracasso escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Cortez, Mariéle de Cássia Diniz
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
The present proposal is based on the assumption that verbal responding is operant behavior established and maintained by reinforcement contingencies, and that this behavior can be analysed as a dependent variable. Recent research about say-do correspondence have used the educational context to investigate conditions able to guarantee corresponding reports of errors and correct responses about academical activities. The present study investigated the influence of a history of school failure and task difficulty on self-report of two groups of children about their reading performance, as well the effects of reinforcement schedules on the establishment and maintenance of accurate reports. Four children with history of school failure and four children without such history, all of them attending Fundamental Education, participated. Doing consisted in reading aloud a written word presented on the computer s screen and Saying in reporting if the reading was correct or not. The experiment began with a General Pretest that evaluated the participants reading repertoire, followed by baseline sessions that verified frequency of corresponding reports as a function of increasing probability of errors in a session (10, 25, 50 e 70%). On the next phase, correspondence training sessions, in which corresponding reports were reinforced continuously and later intermittently (variable ratio), were conducted. Finally, a baseline return was conducted to evaluate if the previously trained conditions were sufficient to promote accurate self-report maintenance. Points exchangeable for gifts were used as consequences. There were no pronounced differences on the average of corresponding reports of errors or correct responses between the two groups during the first baseline, along the different error probabilities programmed (except during 50% error probability). On the other hand, most non-corresponding reports of error occurred when the programmed error probability was about 50% for the children with history of school failure and about 25% for those without such history. The correspondence training was effective to produce corresponding reports for all participants. The high correspondence level was maintained during the intermittent reinforcement phase as well during the subsequent extinction condition. Error frequency seemed to be a relevant variable for self-report accuracy for all children on this study, independently of the presence or absence of history of school failure and of the increasing levels of task difficulty. The intermittent reinforcement training was effective to maintain corresponding reports of errors and correct responses during subsequent conditions in which no consequences for responding were programmed.
Identificação de sentimentos e desempenho empático em crianças cegas e videntes: um estudo comparativo e multimodal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-25)
Ferreira, Bárbara Carvalho
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8526931736038748
Visually impaired children present preoccupying characteristics for the social skills repertoire given their difficulty on identifying feelings and, consequently, the compromising of their empathic social skills. The increase of these children's inclusion in the regular teaching and the positive correlation among a socially competent repertoire and academic success justifies the need to characterize that repertoire as a base for the planning of studies in that area. Considering these issues, this study evaluated the empathic social skills of blind children and their differences or similarities to sighted children, in terms of: (a) Identification of other s feelings, based on contextual and paralinguistic verbal tracks; (b) Relationship between auditory feelings identification and self-evaluation, evaluation by significant ones and observable empathic performance; (c) Observable social performance in the presence of empathy demands; (d) Relationship between the observable empathic performance and the empathic performance rated by the child (self-evaluation) and other significant ones; (e) Comparison between results obtained through different instruments and appraisers. Participants were 16 children with medical diagnosis of blindness and 16 sighted children, age between seven and 10, as well as their parents and teachers. The instruments used in the data collection were: Questionnaire of the Behavioral Indicators of Empathy in Children answered by teachers and parents/responsible; Infantile histories recorded in audio; Interview itinerary on the histories; Structured situation for empathic behavior observation; Protocol for the Empathic Behavior Observation; Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR). Data analysis was accomplished through descriptive and inferential statistics and aimed to characterize the two groups considering the empathic skill, feelings identification, self-evaluation and evaluation by other significant ones. Results indicate that there was only significant difference between the feelings identification of the blind children's groups and seers for emotion discrimination of the paralinguistic aspects in speech and the highest scores in happiness and the lowest scores in rage, for both groups. In the data about empathy evaluation, so much for the direct observation (structured situation), as for the methods of the parents' reports, teachers and child himself/herself, there were not found significant differences among the groups, what suggests a consistence in the evaluation of that skill by different informers and instruments. Intra-group comparison of the empathy scores for the blind children group and seers group pointed to no significant difference among the evaluations accomplished by the parents and teachers for each group, in other words, there was a coherence in the perception of the children's empathic skill. Those groups, blind and seers, therefore, presented larger number of similarities than differences in the empathic repertoire and of feelings identification
Tutoria : estratégias de ensino para inclusão de alunos com deficiência em aulas de educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-26)
Souza, Joslei Viana de
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Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8737446468331264
The movement of inclusion school increasingly are entering students with disabilities in regular schools and consequently the classes of Physical Education. This proposal, including school, has been shown in practice with many difficulties such as: the non-involvement of managers in this process, lack of preparation of the teacher in their initial and continuous training, inadequate physical space to carry out the lessons; excessive number of students the classes; absence of strategies for education that will enable the effective participation of students with disabilities in classes of physical education, among others. This research has developed a work on tutoring as a strategy for education, in which a student with disabilities received help from another student during the performance of motor tasks. In this context, this research aimed to examine the effects of a training program for tutors on the participation of a student with mental disabilities associated with autism in the classes of Physical Education. It is supported by methodological assumption of feature predominantly qualitative study of the type of case. The subject of this research were: a professor of Physical Education, a student with mental disabilities associated with autism; five tutors. And interview technique were used as instruments of observation for data collection. At first there were filming the lessons of Physical Education of a school of the Network of Education Hall of Ilhéus - BA, before and after the training of tutors. The results showed that the tutoring of education as a strategy to increase the participation of students with disabilities was effective. There was involvement on the part of fellow tutors. As for the training of tutoring the data showed that more time is needed for post-training assistance from the tutors are more effective. It was concluded that the inclusion school is a utopia, but by means of draft strategies for teaching it is possible to contribute to this process if effective over time so that in future present a Physical Education for all without the need to explain in terminology of redundant Physical Education inclusive.