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Entre o dito e o feito : a garantia de permanência dos alunos no ensino fundamental nas escolas estaduais do município de Araras-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Zuttin, Marlene Aparecida da Silva; Tagliavini, João Virgílio
This study aims at verifying the permanency of children and adolescents at public schools of the compulsory school system elementary school in the city of Araras. From the perspective of the right to education found in educational legislations in a confront between the legal and the real, the said and the done. Since the historical evolution of the educational rights in the Brazilian Constitutions from 1824 to 1988 and going through the Law for Directories and Bases, National Plan of Education, Underage Code and Statute for Children and Adolescents. Between the announced right and the guarantee of the right an incursion in the school environment occurs. This research takes a historical journey in the city of Araras since the conquests of backlands in São Paulo and presents its actors. The reality of the city is portrayed by using the index of social vulnerability for a better understanding of the economical and social aspects of its population. The study seeked to understand through official data, the approval, failure and abandonment, from the State Secretariat of Education São Paulo, the issue of permanency characterized and mapped in the eight selected public schools. The research brings the backstage between the imposed rules and the real daily routine of campus-schools with quantitative data from the State Secretariat of Education and qualitative data collected in interviews with people in charge of the selected schools. The project observed the movement of these indicators within the school itself contrasting it comparatively to another institution by organizing them in groups A and B of classified regions in different degrees of social vulnerability. The analysis took into consideration the organization of the elementary cycles I (1st to 4th grades) and II (5th to 8th grades) The study detected that the children and adolescents from group A located in areas of lesser social vulnerability have a longer permanency of their students which was proved in the indicators of approval, failure and abandonment. The children of the first cycle no matter the group A or B, presented better results of those indicators. Besides the official indicators, the research used interview with directors in order to get the interpretation and application of the legislation and educational concepts of daily school, specially, concerning to the access and the permanency of students in the school. The e index of social vulnerability has a very significant correlation with the results of permanency, because it embeds various social indicators among them such as levels of illiteracy, the householder s average number of years studied and income capable of reflecting the valuing of education and school by the families with influence on a good school performance. The complexity of the issue of the permanency cannot be explicated by an isolated factor. There are many variables that interfere and interrelate making difficult the isolation or an identification of a starting point in the process which keeps itself in a continuous and dialectic movement. Through the dissertation it has been observed that the issue of permanency of children and adolescents in the compulsory education goes far beyond the announced rights and the guarantees of the rights. The research has shown that the social conditions of these children and adolescents put them in excluding situations of all sorts and expropriate those who need to study.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos em fluxo envolvendo espectrofotometria convencional e com longo caminho óptico para determinação de ânions em águas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Bonifacio, Viviane Gomes; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5797977305592896
In this work, five procedures were developed for determination of anions (chloride, sulphate, phosphate and fluoride), with spectrophotometric detection, being four employing a 100-cm optical length flow-cell and one of them employing a cell whith 1 cm optical length. The first procedure employing flow injection analysis with long pathlenght for chloride determination in natural waters was based in the spectrophotometric procedure described in Standard Methods130 in which the reaction between mercury(II) thiocianate and chloride displace the thiocianate ions yielding a reddish complex with iron(III), that was spectrophotometrically monitored at 455 nm. The analytical curve obtained was linear in the chloride concentration range of 1.0 to 50 mg L-1 (r = 0.9989) with a detection limit of 0.2 mg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 0.7 mg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD < 1.0% (n = 20) and a sampling rate of 72 h-1. The second procedure for chloride determination employed a solid-phase reactor containing silver chloranilate immobilized coupled to the FIA system. The chloride determination is based on the reaction between chloride and silver chloranilate yielding silver chloride, displacing chloranilate ions which were spectrophotometrically detected at 530 nm and the absorbance signals proportional to the chloride concentration. The analytical curve showed a good linearity in the chloride concentration range of 0.5 to 100 mg L-1 (r = 0.9997) with a detection limit of 0.3 mg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 0.5 mg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD of 1.05% (n = 20) and a sampling rate of 80 h-1. The flow procedure for sulphate determination in natural waters employed a solid-phase reactor containing barium chloranilate immobilized. The determination is based on the reaction between sulphate ions and barium chloranilate yielding barium sulphate, displacing the chloranilate ions that were spectrophotometrically detected at 530 nm. The analytical curve obtained was linear in the sulphate concentration range of 2.5 to 40 mg L-1 ( r = 0.9994) a detection limit of 0.1 mg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 0.3 mg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD < 1.0% (n = 10) and a sampling rate of 50 h-1. The proposed procedure for phosphate determination in natural waters employing flow injection analysis with long pathlenght spectrophotometry is based on the colorless reaction of iron(III) thiocianate and phosphate ions. Iron(III) reacts with thiocianate yielding FeSCN2+, a reddish complex with maximum absorbance in 468 nm. The phosphate ions in contact with FeSCN2+ yield a colorless complex between iron(III) and phosphate, with non-defined stoichiometry. The decrease of the absorbance signals is proportional to the phosphate concentration in the samples. The analytical curve obtained was linear in the phosphate concentration range of 10 to 100 µg L-1 (r = 0.9996) a detection limit of 4.5 µg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 15.6 µg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD < 1.0% (n = 10) and a sampling rate of 55 h-1. The procedure for fluoride determination in mineral waters employing a 1-cm optical flow-cell was based on the same procedure for phosphate determination. The reaction between fluoride ions and FeSCN2+ yield the colorless FeF6 3-complex causing an absorbance decrease, proportional to the fluoride concentration in the samples. The analytical curve showed a good linearity for the fluoride concentration range of 0.02 to 5.33 mg L-1 (r = 0.9997) with a detection limit of 5.3 µg L-1 (3óblank / slope) and a quantification limit of 17.6 µg L-1 (10óblank / slope), RSD of 1.9% (n = 20) and a sampling rate of 110 h-1. Results obtained with the proposed procedures were compared with those obtained with the official methods from Standard Methods showing a good agreement at the 95% confidence level.
Aqua - atividades de qualidade no contexto ágil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Cavamura Júnior, Luiz; Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5989928022839435
Background: The term agility has increasingly received attention in Software Engineering, since there is a growing demand for executing and delivering software systems in a shorter and shor ter period of time. Agile software development proposes a rapid and iterative development aiming at meeting all of clients needs and, as a consequence, achieving good results throughout development process. Although this methodology is well-known, it is important to notice that its methods, even the ones which are the most quoted in the scientific literature, do not establish any detailed guidelines so that they can be effectively adopted. Some examples encompass details of activities performed, practices and procedures used and some piece of information which must be documented. However, there are not any case studies which show, practically, the whole pro cess of the adopted method. Aim: This work aimed at contributing in order to achieving improvements in quality of the agile processes by introducing an approach named AQUA - Quality Activities in Agile Context. This approach takes into account th e application of software quality assurance activities such as inspection, test and planning activities which may be used along with any agile method adopted, in the early stag es of requirements elicitation. Method: Only the most quoted methods in the literature were analyzed, from which a generic process was extracted besides a group of artifacts utilized by these methods, supporting, thereby, the definition process of the strategy proposed. Results: This approach was applied by using software requirements developed during a graduate course in Federal University of São Carlos, and the results give insights of its contribution to the improvement in process quality. Conclusion: Although this example had been small, the use of the proposed approach did not make it difficult th e application of the agile method adopted and presented benefits with regard to improvements of process quality.
Estudo da influência de íons titânio e cobalto nas propriedades magnéticas e absorvedoras de ondas eletromagnéticas de hexaferrita de bário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Yasuda, Márcio Tsuyoshi; Morelli, Márcio Raymundo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7175725020946375
In this work Cobalt and Titanium doped Barium hexaferrites were synthesized by the ceramic method in order to study their use as electromagnetic absorbing materials in high frequencies. The dopants were used individually (Ti and Co) and with both simultaneously (CT). Ceramic characteristics and magnetic properties of calcined powders, as well as of their pellets sintered in electric and microwave furnaces were evaluated. For the high frequency permeability measurements, hexaferrites ring-shaped sintered and ring-shaped composites with the hexaferrite powders and epoxi resin were produced. Barium hexaferrite powder (BaM) presented 3.45 kOe of coercivity and the same synthesizing conditions were used in all hexaferrites with dopant atomic fractions of 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; and 1,0. In Ti hexaferrites (BaFe12-xTixO19) microstructures there were BaFe2O4, Fe2O3 and Ba3Fe10TiO20 phases and they presented coercivities between 1,53 and 1,04 kOe. Co hexaferrites (BaFe12- xCoxO19) microstructures showed W, Y and Z hexaferrites types phases, with coercivities between 0,70 and 0,21 kOe. In CT hexaferrites (BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19) it was presented CoFe2O4 phase, with coercivities between 0,09 and 1,06 kOe was presented. Most of the pellets sintered in microwave furnace had apparent densities close to those of the pellets sintered in electric furnace and their coercivities were higher or equal. The grains heterogeneity increased with dopant quantities and the Ti microstructures presented more quantity of M type hexaferrites in comparison to other samples. The ring-shaped sintered samples of BaM, Ti and CT hexaferrites showed ferrimagnetic ressonance peaks in 110 MHz and 780 GHz. In Co hexaferrites the presence of hexaferrites different from M type contributed to the different tangent loss in comparison to other hexaferrites. The tangent loss of composites showed the same peaks observed in the ring-shaped sintered samples but with smaller intensities. These composites showed absorption loss up to 20 dB in 12 GHz too.
Caracterização e zoneamento ambiental do zoológico municipal de Mogi Mirim-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Marino, Luciana Mara Ribeiro; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9195002299985358
The modern Zoos are in a continuous improvement for the attendance of your principal functions - leisure, education, conservation and research. The understanding of the relationship among the environmental protection (preservation, conservation and recovery) and the public use of the Zoos for activities recreational or educational has been the administrators' of these institutions great challenge. The present work had as objective the environmental characterization and zoning of the Municipal Zoological Park of Moji Mirim and its immediate surrounding to subsidize your management plan. The Zoological Park environmental characterization was made based on the use of Geographical Information Systems, making possible the elaboration of a georeferenced database and thematic maps of several landscape structural elements (limits, hydrography, road net and land use). These results allowed the proposition of a Zoo s conceptual environmental zoning and for your buffer zone, in terms of the environmental risks resulting from the types and intensities of the immediate surrounding land uses. The environmental zoning constitutes the primary component of a management plan, a public declaration document of the institution manager's of the Zoological Park intentions in the perspective to assure the execution of your functions
Interação da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca e do lactato sanguíneo durante o exercício resistido em idosos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Simões, Rodrigo Polaquini; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2731345085062145
The anaerobic threshold (AT) is an important parameter for prescription of physical exercise in various clinical conditions, because represent the intensity of effort at which the aerobic metabolism begins to be supplemented by anaerobic metabolism for the production of energy. In this context, different methods to identify AT have been described, for example by analysis of blood lactate and the respiratory gas exchanges, yet such methods require expensive equipment and materials. Low cost non-invasive techniques such as heart rate variability (HRV) have been proposed to determine the AT; however, they are most commonly applied in discontinuous protocols on a cycle ergometer or treadmill. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the behavior of HRV and blood lactate during resistance exercise (RE) with increasing resistances at a percentage of one repetition maximum (1RM), and investigate the existence of an aerobic-anaerobic transition point in the metabolism during lower leg exercise in healthy older adults. Secondarily, our objective was to evaluate the relationship between different methods, as well as the degree of concordance between the same. Ten healthy men ranging in age from 60 to 70 years old (mean and SD: 64 ± 4 years, 166 ± 3 cm, 70 ± 7 kg), underwent medical examination, ergonomic testing and laboratory exams (hemogram, triglycerides, total and fractional cholesterols, glycemia and uric acid. The protocol for RE was administered on Leg Press 45° (Pró-Fitness) equipment. The protocol resistance loads used were determined by 1RM test; the volunteer complete one full cycle on the equipment at the maximum resistance load that the volunteer could achieve, and the resistance load increases were calculated from this test value at rates of 10% of 1RM until a 30% increase and then at increments of 5% until exhaustion. At each percentage increase of effort, the volunteer performed 4 minutes of exercise followed a rest interval of 15 minutes. Heart rate was captured throughout the protocol by a Polar Vantage Heart rate monitor connected to a Polar Advantage Interface that transmitted the data in real time to a Soyo Notebook computer. The blood samples were collected before the initial effort and immediately after the end of each resistance load. Blood lactate and HRV were analyzed at rest conditions with the volunteer positioned on the equipment and at each percentage of effort. The indexes utilized for HRV analysis were RMSSD, RMSM, SD1, SD2 and SD1/SD2 ratio. To identify the aerobic-anaerobic transition point, blood lactate concentrations were used (gold standard) as well as SD1 and RMSSD indexes; and these points were denominated as lactate threshold (LT), SD1 threshold (SD1T) and RMSSD threshold (RMSSDT). The level of significance for all statistical tests was set at 5%. The principal result showed that the mean of the RMSSD, RMSM and SD1 indexes reduced significantly at 30% 1RM in relation to the rest condition, and blood lactate presented an exponential increase at 30% 1RM, that was significantly greater in relation to the rest condition at 35%. There was no significant difference in relation to absolute and relative values for resistance loads at which the aerobic-anaerobic transition point was identified (absolute values: LT = 101 ± 32 kg, SD1T = 96 ± 28 kg, RMSSDT = 97 ± 21 kg; Relative values: LT = 30 ± 6%, SD1T = 29 ± 6%, RMSSDT = 29 ± 5%). Additionally, good concordance and good correlation were found between LT and RMSSDT (r = 0.78) and between LT and SD1T (0.81). It can be concluded that the behavior of HRV and blood lactate change markedly at 30% 1RM during resistance exercise on the Leg Press 45°. It was possible at this percentage to identify the aerobic-anaerobic metabolism transition point by blood lactate as well as by HRV in healthy older men.
A comunidade de Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) em área de Mata Atlântica de região de Campos do Jordão, SP, Brasil : taxonomia, diversidade e distribuição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Loffredo, Ana Paula da Silva; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2740297866888476
The present work had for aim to survey of Pimplinae fauna in area of Atlantic forest at Campos do Jordão, SP, contributing to the taxonomic knowledge of the group as well to investigate the occurence of possible pattern of spatialdistribution of those insects, considering a altitudinal gradient (600- 2000m) and the seasonal influence that the study area is submitted. Using Malaise traps and "sweeping" the vegetation in 15 points in different altitudes were obtained 546 identified specimens distributed in 16 genera and 65 morphospecies. Schyzopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 was mentioned for the first time to Brazil. For the genera Hymenoepimecis Viereck, 1912 and Zaglyptus Foerster, 1869 three and two new species were described respectively. The species of Pimpla Fabricius, 1804 and Neotheronia Krieger, 1899 were the most frequent. It was not possible to observe a distribution pattern according to the gradient altitudinal for the community of Pimplinae. The results obtained in this study enlarge the knowledge regarding the distribution of Pimplinae in neotropical region, and contribute to studies about distribution of parasitoid insects along an altitudinal gradient
Seleção de modelos de tempos com longa-duração para dados de finanças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Granzotto, Daniele Cristina Tita; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804132689797867
Caracterização do nanocompósito de Al2O3 com inclusões nanométricas de ZrO2 visando sua aplicação como reforço em próteses odontológicas de cerâmica livre de metal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-22) Pierri, Juliano de; Tomasi, Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8591752492566665; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4434204684908503
There are many different materials used in dental prosthesis, metal combined with ceramic (metalloceramic), combination of polymers with metal (metal-polymer), metal, polymer and ceramic metal free or metal-free. Metalfree dental prostheses, including crowns and bridges, are attractive to dentists and patients because they have better aesthetics, abrasion resistance, biocompatibility and low thermal conductivity when compared with traditional metal-ceramic prostheses. However, mechanical failures may occur because they are fragile materials. Zirconia (ZrO2) and alumina (Al2O3) are ceramics that have mechanical and aesthetic features suitable for manufacture of these prostheses. In the late 80's, were obtained significant improvements in mechanical properties of composites consisting of alumina matrix with nanoscale inclusions. Previous experimental results showed that the addition of small amounts of nanometric zirconia to the alumina sets a material with interesting mechanical properties. This study proposes the use of composites with nanoscale inclusions of zirconia as a material for the preparation of metalfree dental prostheses. To check this possibility, alumina matrix nanocomposites samples were prepared with 5% of nanometric inclusions of ZrO2 to test the biocompatibility in vivo and some mechanichal properties. In the mechanical characterization tests were performed under 3 point bending (according to ISO 6872/97) and diametral tensile test. Biocompatibility tests were performed on bone and subconjunctival tissue of rats. The results showed that, in accordance with the standards in dentistry and compared with values observed in previous studies, the material in this study has excellent mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility which allows its use as reinforcement in metal-free dental prostheses.