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Características físicas e químicas da água e características reprodutivas do Curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1836) no rio Mogi-Guaçu, SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-18)
Ramos, Roseli Ormanezi
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Peret, Alberto Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7520453139124587
Evolução de variáveis fisiológicas e análise de eficiência (DEA) de mulheres senescentes submetidas a um programa prolongado de atividades físicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-18)
Borges, Camila Fernanda
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9017953752844145
OBJECTIVE: To identify the evolution of the physiologic variable corporal mass index , muscular force , flexibility , balance and aerobic conditioning (VO2 max) of elderly women submitted to a long physical activity program and to verify the women s efficiency during the program, through the Data envelopment Analysis (DEA). METHOD: 120 women participated, with ages between 50 and 79, average age 60,87 + 7,81 years old, not institutionalized and resident in Sao Carlos. Eight evaluations were accomplished during two years, being one before the beginning of the program of physical activities and the other ones, in intervals of approximately three months. In all the evaluations the following variables were measured: blood pressure, heart frequency, weigh and height (for the calculation of the Index of corporal mass) muscular forces, flexibility, balance (static and dynamic) and response to physical effort (VO2 max). Each section of physical activity involved prolongation mioface passive exercises of the main muscular groups, exercises of aerobic resistance, power and resistance, coordination activities, agility and flexibility, breathing exercises, relaxation and hydratation in two moments of the session. The data regarding the evolution of the physiologic variables were analyzed through the method of Bonferroni and the Method of Friedman, respecting a significance level of α = 0,05. With reference to the analyses of the efficiency of the participants, were considered the individuals that participated of the eight evaluations and had frequency superior to 74%, but for the analyses of the DEA, were used the third, the fifth and seventh evaluation, since the control of the senior s attendance was concluded by the teachers every six months. It is interesting to note that for the general analysis of the program spreadsheets with the total number of sessions were built with the total number of sessions accomplished during eighteen months, total time of each exercise and the attendance of the elderly women during the whole program. RESULT: There was an improvement in all the variables studied (IMC, force, flexibility, balance and VO2 max), but it was statistically significant in the variables flexibility (p = 0,000), balance (p = 0,000) and VO2 max (p = 0,0004). With reference to the efficiency, it was possible to observe that most of the women were efficient (they reached an efficiency level above 60%) along the program of exercises and also in all the evaluation studied (third, fifth and seventh evaluations). Besides, it was observed the necessity of alterations in the program of physical activity, so that, a portion still larger reaches higher efficiency levels. CONCLUSION: Through the analyses of the results it was possible to verify that a long physical activity program is able to alter positively the physiologic variables of the elderly women and that they were efficient along this program of exercises.
Modificação do Poli(hidroxibutirato) PHB com nucleantes e com o copolímero (etileno-co-acetato de vinila) - EVA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-19)
Falcone, Daniele Maria Bruno
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Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8438856690765294
In this work, we sought to modify PHB, processing it in the melted state, and to evaluate the effect of the modifications on its mechanical properties and biodegradation characteristics. The following systems were therefore studied: a PHB/EVA blend, in a 90/10 ratio, with an ethylene-co-vinyl acetate copolymer containing 28% of VA; a PHB and PHB/EVA blend with 1% of Boron Nitride (BN) nucleant; a PHB and PHB/EVA blend with 0,35% of HPN nucleant ( Hyperform Nucleant ); and a PHB/EVA blend with 5% of Elvaloy PTW, which was used as a compatibilizer. These systems were characterized by thermal, mechanical, morphological and biodegradation analyses using the following techniques: Melt Flow Index (MFI), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Tensile Mechanical and Izod Impact (notched) Tests, Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The biodegradability test involved burying the samples in a suitable compost for 60, 120 and 180 days. The DCS analysis indicated that Boron Nitride was an effective nucleating agent for the PHB. However, the HPN did not act as a nucleant on this polymer, but instead, induced degradation of the PHB upon heating, as indicated by MFI, DSC and TG. Moreover, the addition of BN or even EVA did not improve the mechanical properties of PHB, and Elvaloy PTW did not act as a compatibilizing agent for the PHB/EVA blend. The HPN was found to interact antagonically with the PHB, which displayed extremely low impact strength values and widely dispersed results. The SEM and AFM analyses revealed poor distribution and inadequate dispersion of EVA in the PHB matrix. In addition, the AFM technique indicated that the PHB topography displayed the presence of pores, which undoubtedly, combined with the other factors, hindered its modification. Biodegradation was found to be strongly composition-dependent, since the addition of 10% of EVA to the PHB significantly accelerated the degradation of the PHB in this blend. In other words, the PHB probably exhibited disordered chain packing in the proximities of the EVA, facilitating the process of biodegradation by microorganisms. Hence, this study demonstrated the difficulty of modifying PHB, since it involves a variety of factors, as well as the possibility of developing PHB-based materials that biodegrade more or less rapidly according to the needs of a specific application.
Processos de participação para o controle social em comissões locais de saúde: educar-se no cotidiano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-19)
Barbosa, Ana Maria Giusti
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Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0387355124707530
In the set of the changes occurred in the Brazilian society since the promulgation of the Federal Constitution in 1988, lies the institutionalization of the society means of participation for purposes of social control on the public policies. Among these means are the Management Councils. In the health area, we can find Health Councils in national, state, city and local levels. Having the Knowledge that the Health Local Commissions, local modality of the Councils, are spaces where the social control and participation social practice occurs, and educative processes are broken out, built and configured according to circumstances and particularities of each of them, the following research question was made: "Which are the educative processes related to the participation exercise and social control experienced, generated, built and unchained in the Local Health Commissions?". This research had as purpose to understand the Health Local Commissions in the city of Piracicaba in São Paulo state regarding the educative processes experienced by its participants. The theoretical referential adopted was the Pedagogia Sócio-Cultural by Paulo Freire and Theory of quotidian by Michel Maffesoli. Methodologically, it consisted on a study of qualitative character based on contributions of the phenomenological theory for insertion in field and data analysis. The field research was made in the period of 2004 to 2007, comprising 14 Health Local Commissions of Piracicaba. The procedures used for data collection were the observations of the commissions functioning and interviews with the participants. Fifty four observation sessions, in which it was tried to collect the functioning dynamics, conflicts, tensions, feelings and emotions and identify the educative processes from the participants perception describing and analyzing them. Semi-structured interviews were made with 24 commissions participants (managers, workers and users) in which the participants perception on the educative processes were investigated. The bases of the interviews script were "insertion processes" and "participation". The data analysis emphasized the quotidian and educative processes using the following categories: participation, interaction, and social control on the public health policy. It was concluded that by means of participation, the people discovered new realities, accessed information, developed new perceptions and new abilities. They finished with the fear of exposing themselves and learned to express, give opinion, suggest, discuss, cooperate and creat strategies to accomplishing proposals. Such changes showed the possibility of learning about participation, interaction ande public policy: learn the pratice, learn practing and learn from the practice.
A aprendizagem de polinômios através da resolução de problemas por meio de um ensino contextualizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-20)
Morais, Rosilda dos Santos
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Hartwing, Dácio Rodney
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8411023309452408
The objective of this study was to verify how learning of polynomials took place using problem solving in a contextualized learning situation. Thus, the present research was developed in the context of polynomials, based on the construction of cardboard boxes, using students previous knowledge. Based on a bibliographic review of studies on the theme, we defined the categories of comprehension of the concepts: Contextualization, Previous knowledge, and Mathematics teaching-learning-evaluation through problem solving. Since the phenomenon of interest in the study is related to the school, specifically the study of polynomials, it constitutes an intervention of a qualitative nature in a specific situation: a long-term case study. Based on Problem Solving as a teaching-learning method in the classroom, we sought to give students the opportunity to do hands-on mathematics , i.e. develop the content of polynomial in a way that students could collect, experiment, and analyze, in a real-world context, subjacent mathematical patterns. All the work was developed in an interactive situation, with the students divided into groups. This research was carried out over the course of two projects: Project I, conducted with 6th graders in the context of constructing cardboard boxes Polynomials and the operations defined by them (2006); and Project II, conducted with same students one year later, in 8th grade Appropriation of concepts constructed in Project I, and the exploration, based on this work, of the important algebraic concept known as Function . Analyzing the work carried out, we found that the development of the concept polynomial , followed by the concept function , using the manipulation of concrete materials, resulted in more meaningful learning for the students. Starting with a concrete situation, followed by generalization and abstraction in a higher stage of learning, the students, as co-constructors of knowledge, were able to establish relations between the themes addressed throughout the work, within a broader system, where meanings and conventions were being established.
Conformação viscoplástica por rolos a frio e caracterização de substratos de alumina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-20)
Koshimizu, Laís
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8051781707103248
Alumina ceramic substrates were conformed by viscoplastic conformation by cold roll pressing in a range of thickness between 100 and 200 µm, which one presents a great technology interesting for eletro-eletronic applications. Among all the techniques of ceramic conformation the viscoplastic processing shows great advantages, allowing the conformation oh ceramic bodies with superior mechanical properties, when compared to the bodies conformed by traditional techniques, such as extrusion, or more complex as tape casting. In this scope, the objective of this work was to verify the potential of viscoplastic conformation by cold roll pressing as a technique to obtain thin substrates, from a high alumina plastic mass prepared in a sigma mixer and extruded by vacuum. In this way, parameters process such as the speed of the rollers and the thickness of the substrates were evaluated, as well as the stages of shrinkage and firing. The final samples were characterized by determination of the microstructure, apparent density and porosity, volume retraction, penetrating liquid and surface roughness. The results showed that the speed of rollers around 15 and 18 rpm provided substrates without the presence of macro defects. Moreover, there s no correlation between the thickness of the substrates and the final characteristics after sinterization, and there s no preferential orientation of the particles when the mass of submitted to plastic deformation. Density superior to 95% of theoretical density were achieved, producing translucent samples and a great homogeneity of the grain size. After the establishment of best conditions for preparation of alumina substrates, they have been applied in the preparation of zirconia substrates with reproducibility of the results, showing that the viscoplastic processing by roll pressing can be an alternative process for the manufacture of ceramic substrates.
Comunidades de aves de uma área do Médio Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-25)
Ribeiro, Alan Loures
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1772525331556561
Investigação da influência do tamanho das partículas de materiais pulverulentos sobre a força de adesão em diferentes substratos aplicando a técnica centrífuga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-25)
Felicetti, Marcos Alceu
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
It was investigated in this work the influence of the size of the particles of the organic and inorganic powdery material on the force of adhesion of those particles and a built substratum of different materials: stainless steel, PVC, Teflon and glass, applying the centrifuge technique for different compression speeds and detachment. It was used for so much a centrifuga (MA - 860, Marconi Equipamentos), whose maximum speed of rotation is of 14000 rpm. The centrifugal speed is generated to promote the compression (press-on) and the detachment (spin-off) of the particles on the surface of the substratum. A program of analysis of images (Image-Pro Plus 4.5) it was used for the collection and the treatment of the images. To determine the adhesion force being used the centrifuge technique, in the headstock of the centrifuga it was necessary to install two tubes, built in aluminum, for the contention of the adapters, also built in aluminum. The purpose of the adapters was of sustaining the substratum containing the particles of the powdery material. After the application of the centrifugal speed of ompression (press-on) and of the count of the particles initially stuck in the surface of the substratum, for the program of analysis of images, the substratum came back for the centrifuga for the application of the centrifugal speed of detachment (spin-off) in different rotation speeds. After each increase of the speed rotacional, the number of remaining particles of the compression was monitored. The material inorganic powdery, phosphatic rock (ρp = 3,07 g/cm3 and dp = 39,38 µm), and the organics, manioc starch (ρp = 1,49 g/cm3 and dp = 25,24 µm) and corn starch (ρp = 1,47 g/cm3 and dp = 23,08 µm), they were the powders used in the investigation of the influence of the force of adhesion particle substratum applying the centrifuge technique. The criterion of choice of the materials for the construction of the substratum and of the type of used powdery material it was your employability in the industry. The diameter strips studied for those powdery materials they were of 8 13 µm, 13 18 µm, 18 23 µm, 23 28 µm and 28 33 µm. The particles of each powdery material were pressed initially on the surface of the substratum centrifuged to a centrifugal speed of private compression, and immediately after this phase, the adhesion profile was determined. All the powders obeyed a log-normal distribution of percentage of particles stuck in relation to adhesion force. It was obtained the force of geometric medium adhesion for all the powders and it was verified that there was a lineal increase with the force of compression applied initially. For polydisperse particles stuck on a surface, the necessary force to separate the particles varies proportionally to your size. And the adhesion force among the particles of the powdery materials used in the experiments and the surface of the different substratum, increased with the increase of the size of the particles and with the increase of the centrifugal speed of compression (press-on). the order of adherence indicated the following relationship for the powdery materials: manioc starch > phosphatic rock, and for the substratum: glass > stainless steel > PVC > Teflon. Using the experimental results in this work, was considered an equation to represent in a more general way the experimental data obtained for the two powdery materials
Biologia de nidificação e estrutura sociogenética intranidal em espécies de Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera:Crabronidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-26)
Santoni, Mariana Marchi
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6340546784739707
Female wasps of the genus Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) mass-provision their nests with paralyzed spiders. Some species build mud nests; others use preexisting tubular cavities that are divided into a linear series of cells separated by mud partitions. Males of the Trypargilum subgenus mate with the females at the time a nest is initiated and guard the nest until it is completed, helping the female in the building and provisioning activities. In this study, the biology of the nest building and nest genetic structure of four species of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) T. rogenhoferi, T. lactitarse, T. aurifrons and T. nitidum are shown. The species were sampled using trap-nests (made of dry bamboo stems) in three localities of the state of São Paulo: Araras (three years), São Carlos and Rifaina (two years). These areas were divided in sampling sites. The trap-nests used by the wasps were replaced with new ones and transported to the laboratory and they had the cocoons individually placed in vials. The emerged adults were identified and their emergency, weight and sex were registered. Later, they were stored at -20ºC. Alloyme phenotypes determined through horizontal starch gel electrophoresis were used to the determination of the intranidal relatedness. Some adults were submitted to morphometric analysis of wing traits (length and width of the forewing and hindwing) and mitocondrial DNA analysis. It was collected 2,908 nests of solitary hymenopterans, and 2,478 were founded by Trypoxylon females. Nesting activity was higher in the warm-rainy season (October-March) in these species. The trap-nests used by the different species showed significantly different dimensions. Araneidae was the spider family mainly used for provision, but a species-specific provisioning was observed. The most important parasitoid of the four species was Melittobia. In the three areas, the different species of Trypoxylon coexist temporally but each of them built their nests frequently in a specific site. This result may suggest differential occupation of the habitat. The intranidal architecture of the studied species does not differ from other species of the Trypargilum subgenus: the females divide the nest-trap in sequences of provisioned cells and finish it with the construction of a closure plug. Two types of T. rogenhoferi and T. lactitarse cocoons were found, as observed for other species of the group punctulatum. It was verified that the frequencies of the two types are associated with sex and nest-trap diameter. A possible genetic determination of this character is discussed. A 1 :1 populational sex ratio for the four species was found during all the periods for Araras and Rifaina and the distribution of the sexes inside the nest was not random, where males were frequently found in the first brood cells. Females were significantly bigger than males for the five traits, showing a higher parental investment in females. The developmental cycle in these species last 30 days and a short diapause was observed in T. rogenhoferi and T. lactitarse in the cold-dry season. The allozyme analyses indicated that most of the nests show phenotypes according to a monoginy/monandry hypothesis. Although this result clearly suggest that the male-guard behavior confers him the paternity of the female offspring, some extra-pair matings were also observed.
O problema da fundamentação racional da moral e do direito em Kant
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-26)
Rauber, Gládis Maria
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Baioni, José Eduardo Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0186348618076420
This study attempts to elucidate, in a first moment, the origin and the development of the moral problem in Kantian philosophy, from the Critique of Pure Reason to the Metaphysics of Morals, and the solution that Kant gave to it. Aiming to establish the Kantian rational groundwork of moral and right, this research turns, then, to the development of the main question that permeates throughout Kantian philosophy: How are a priori synthetic judgments possible? determining the conditions of possibility of such judgments in each one of the fields, the theoretical and the practical. Our goal is to elucidate that, although the right must not be confused with moral, demanding only legal conformity, that is, non-subjective adhesion of the actions to the law, it is subordinated to the moral in the measure that this right is based on a formal universalism of the supreme criterion of the morality, that is, the categorical imperative
Influência das condições de alimentação de glicerol e ornitina na produção de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces clavuligerus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-26)
Teodoro, Juliana Conceição
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
The clavulanic acid (CA) is a powerful inhibitor of β-lactamases, enzymes that clives the β- lactam ring of penicillins and cephalosporins, inactivating these compounds. CA is traditionally produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus in batch and fed-batch cultivations. Considering that the products of the catabolism of easily assimilable carbon source repress the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including CA, its production in fed-batch mode is preferable because the control of nutrient level can be performed. In the present work the influence of glycerol and ornithine feeding on the clavulanic acid (CA) production by S. clavuligerus in batch and fed-batch cultivations was studied. Batch and fed-batch cultivations were performed at 800 rpm, 0.5 vvm and pH at 6.8. In batch experiments under different concentrations of ornithine, the maximum concentration of CA was within of a closed range between 0.46 and 0.56 g.L-1. Nevertheless, the maximum value of volumetric productivity in CA (Ppmax=13.7 mg.L-1.h-1) was obtained in the experiment with ornithine at concentration of 0.66 g.L-1, a value that is 40% higher than the Ppmax obtained in run control without ornithine. In fed-batch experiments in 5 L bioreactor, with different ornithine feeding conditions, the maximum concentration of CA varied within the limited range of 1.254 and 1.405 g.L-1. Therefore, under these experimental conditions, it can be concluded that the presence of ornithine increases the Ppmax in CA but not its maximum concentration, contradicting literature. The kinetic model considering non-associated production with CA degradation was fitted to the experimental results of the batch and fed-batch cultivations. The experimental results showed that the rate of production of CA and glycerol consumption, were directly related, condition not predicted by model, besides, its negative effect on the AC production after the feeding indicate a possible inhibition/repression effect of glycerol. With the model, it was possible to simulate conditions that the cultivations should be performed with the intention of obtaining larger production of AC. With respect to the influence of glycerol in fed-batch experiments, in the presence of ornithine at the concentration of 3.7 g.L−1 in feeding medium, the maximum CA concentration of 1.506 g.L-1 was obtained in the run BA7 showing a positive effect of the combination ornithine/glycerol in the biosynthesis of CA. In fed-batch experiments in 10-L bioreactor, with different ornithine feeding conditions, the maximum concentrations of CA were near of 1.6 g.L-1, validating the results obtained in 5-L bioreactor.
Treinamento em circuito de exercícios resistidos em mulheres adultas sedentárias: aumento de massa magra e redução de massa gorda sem alteração em citocinas da resposta inflamatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-26)
Ferreira, Fabiano Candido
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2742278993363133
The exercise can elicit benefits or damage on the immunologic system responses, depending the variables intensity or volume which must be considered. In other hand, the protocols of resistance exercise have showed effectives to improve alterations in the body composition. Thus, it is very important evaluate protocols of resistance exercise that can increase the muscle mass with a decrease in fat mass without development a inflammatory state, specially if the subjects are not athletes. In this work, we have studied the effects from a protocol of exercise resistance in circuit on women, 39.71 ± 3.8 years old (Media ± Standard Error). The protocol was development with intensity and a volume sufficient to elicit alterations in body composition without important inflammatory responses even after acute sessions of effort or any cumulative effect during the all period of training. Thus, the protocol consisted of 3 week sessions of circuit training of 9 stations with alternate recruitment of different muscle groups during 10 weeks. The subjects had to perform 2 times the circuit in each session of training. Each station was realized one set of 8-12 maximal repetitions (RM) for time. The body composition was analyzed by DXA and the inflammatory effects by cytokines (IL1-beta; IL-6; IL-8; IL10, IL-12p70 e TNF) changes in serum. The blood samples were collected from the anticubital vein before the sessions of training; 5 min, 24h and 48h pos second session training; and 5 min, 24h, 48h and 96h pos the last session of period of training. The statistical data were analyzed by test t Student application in normal distribution and Wilcoxon test in not normal distribution. The samples of cytokines were compared by the Friedman test with Tuckey test pos hoc (α=0,05). The results showed a significant increased in the muscle mass and decrease in the fat mass. The serum concentrations of cytokines no showed alterations during all the experimental period, indicating any inflammatory effects from the protocol adopted.
O pêndulo entre a filosofia fundacionista e a cultura literária: uma interpretação da filosofia de Richard Rorty a partir da teoria poética de Harold Bloom
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-27)
Silva, Heraldo Aparecido
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Fonseca, Thelma Silveira da Mota Lessa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328012571835066
Importância da região AV3V e de mecanismos colinérgicos e angiotensinérgicos centrais para os efeitos cardiovasculares produzidos pela ativação da área rostroventrolateral do bulbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-27)
Vieira, Alexandre Antonio
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105
Cardiovascular responses are integrated at different levels of the central nervous system (CNS). In the brainstem, there are different areas related to the cardiovascular control such as the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) that activates sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons in the spinal cord (IML) inducing pressor response. Like glutamatergic activation, central cholinergic and angiotensinergic activation modulates sympathetic activity and increases arterial pressure. The RVLM receives inhibitory and excitatory projections from different areas of the central nervous system that are important to modulate cardiovascular responses. One of the areas that send projection to the RVLM is the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region. AV3V lesion impairs many forms of hypertension and reduces pressor responses like those produced by central cholinergic and angiotensinergic activation. Recent study in unanesthetized rats has shown that the AV3V lesion attenuates the pressor response to glutamatergic activation into the RVLM. Besides glutamate, injections of angiotensin II (ANG II) or carbachol (cholinergic agonist) into the RVLM evoke increase in the sympathetic activity and blood pressure. For this reason, in the present study, we investigated the effects of acute (1 day) or chronic (15 days) AV3V lesions on pressor responses produced by ANG II (200 ng/100 nl) or carbachol (1 nmol/100 nl) into the RVLM. Male Holtzman rats (280 a 320 g) with sham or electrolytic AV3V lesions and a stainless steel cannula implanted into the RVLM were used. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in unanesthetized rats that had polyethylene tubing (PE 10) implanted into the abdominal aorta through the femoral artery on day before the experiments. A second polyethylene tubing was inserted in the femoral vein for baroreflex and chemoreflex tests. Central injections were made using 5 ml Hamilton syringes. The volume of the central injections into the RVLM was 100 nl. The results have shown that both acute and chronic AV3V lesion attenuate the pressor responses to ANG II (12 ± 3 and 12 ± 5 vs. control: 26 ± 4 mmHg) but not the pressor responses to carbachol (38 ± 4 and 29 ± 3 vs. control: 34 ± 4 mmHg) suggesting that some mechanisms belonging to the RVLM are affected and other are not affected by AV3V lesions. Besides, AV3V lesion does not alter baro and chemoreflex responses produced by endovenous (i.v) injections of phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside and potassium cyanide. After these results, another question arose: which would be the possible mechanisms impaired by the AV3V lesion that attenuate the pressor responses to RVLM activation? The AV3V region is important for the activation of pressor mechanism like sympathetic activity and vasopressin secretion produced by central cholinergic and angiotensinergic activation. Therefore, the pressor response to glutamate into the RVLM was tested in rats with central cholinergic blockade produced by the injection of atropine (4 nmol/1 ml) or angiotensinergic blockade produced by injection of losartan (100 mg/1 ml) or ZD 7155 (50 mg/1 ml) into the lateral ventricle (LV). Male Holtzman rats with stainless steel cannula implanted into the LV and unilaterally into the RVLM were used. MAP and HR were recorded in unanesthetized rats with polyetylene tubing inserted into the abdominal aorta through the femoral artery and vein. The volume of the central injections into the LV was 1 ml. The results showed that the pressor response to glutamate injected into the RVLM (51 ± 4 mmHg) in control condition was attenuated after injection of atropine (36 ± 5 mmHg), losartan (22 ± 5 mmHg) or ZD 7155 (26 ± 7 mmHg) into the LV. However, a question that remained was about the possible spreading of these antagonists into the brain blocking the receptors directly into the RVLM. For this reason, we tested the pressor responses to glutamate into the RVLM after cholinergic or angiotensinergic blockade into the own RVLM. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in unanesthetized rats with cannula only into the RVLM and polyethylene tubing implanted into the abdominal aorta through the femoral artery. The results showed that atropine (4 nmol/100 nl) injected into the RVLM did not alter the pressor response to glutamate into the same site (49± 4 vs. control: 50 ± 4 mmHg). So, only cholinergic mechanisms belonging to forebrain or areas outside the RVLM are important for the pressor response to glutamate into the RVLM. However, the pressor response to glutamate into the RVLM was almost abolished and attenuated after injection of the losartan (5 ± 3 mmHg) or ZD 7155 (33 ± 4 mmHg), respectively, into the RVLM, which did not solve the question about the possible spread of losartan or ZD 7155. With the same purpose we tested the pressor response to ANG II into the RVLM after losartan or ZD 7155 into the LV. In this experiment, the pressor response to ANG II into the RVLM in control condition (26 ± 3 mmHg) was not impaired after losartan or ZD 7155 into the LV (20 ± 3 e 23 ± 1 mmHg, respectively) suggesting that these antagonists injected into the LV do not reach the RVLM. Therefore, angiotensinergic mechanisms belonging in the RVLM or from outside the RVLM (probably forebrain) are important for the pressor response to glutamate into the RVLM. However, it is important to consider that AV3V lesion reduces the pressor response to ANG II into the RVLM, while icv injection of the angiotensinergic antagonists showed no effect in this response, which suggests that the effects of AV3V lesion reducing the pressor response to ANG II into the RVLM are not related to any impairment of forebrain angiotensinergic mechanisms by the lesion. Another aim was to study if glutamatergic receptor activation in the RVLM was necessary for the pressor response to central cholinergic or angiotensinergic activation. For this, male Holtzman rats with stainless steel cannulas implanted into the LV and bilaterally into the RVLM were used. The results showed no difference between the cardiovascular responses produced by carbachol into the LV after kynurenic acid (1 nmol/100 nl) bilaterally into the RVLM (36 ± 1 mmHg and 22 ± 10 bpm) when compared with control condition (39 ± 2 mmHg and 23 ± 14 bpm). Also, there was not difference between the cardiovascular responses produced by ANG II into the LV after kynurenic acid (1 nmol/100 nl) into the RVLM (28 ± 3 mmHg and 10 ± 13 bpm) when compared with control condition (26 ± 2 mmHg and -12 ± 5 bpm). This dose of kynurenic acid almost abolished the pressor response to glutamate (2 nmol/100 nl) injected into the RVLM but not the cardiovascular reflexes produced by baro and chemoreflex activation. Therefore, the pressor response to forebrain cholinergic or angiotensinergic activation does not depend on glutamatergic synapses in the RVLM. Besides, the results also showed that the pressor response to chemoreflex activation does not depend on release of glutamate into the RVLM
Técnicas computacionais inteligentes para a inferência de estado e a otimização de cultivos de Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-27)
Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococo) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes several infections which are aggravated by the increase of serotypes with antibiotics resistance. The development of an effective vaccine against this pathogen is crucial for the prevention of the neumococcal illnesses. Conjugated vaccines, consisting of the capsular polysaccharide joined to a carrier protein, are more efficient in the stimulation of the immunologic memory. The capsular polysaccharide (PS) is present in the capsule that involves the cell. Thus, the conjugated vaccine elaboration involves bacterial cells cultivation for its production. As the organism is cultivated in the oxygen absence, the lactate production is inevitably high, leading to growth inhibition due to lactate accumulation in the medium. To minimize the inhibitory effects of the lactate accumulation and to increase the PS production it is necessary to monitor the process and adequately control the addition of supplementary medium along with the withdrawal of saturated medium. This kind of operation can be performed by carrying out a fed-bath cultivation in a bioreactor connected to a perfusion system. The success on the monitoring, control and optimization of this bioprocess depends on the efficiency of the modeling and simulation resources employed. This research work considers the uses intelligent computational techniques, specifically the technique of heuristical search called simulated annealing (SA) combined with neural networks for the state inference and the optimization of S. pneumoniae cultivations. The proposal was implemented as a computational system that: a) uses the SA for the identification of the values for a set of parameters associated to unstructured models and; b) uses neural networks (individually and grouped as a committee) for the state inference of a culture. The work presents and discusses the results of the system for data sets experimentally obtained and highlights the importance of the proposal for achieving a higher efficiency in the culture control processes.
Engenharia de hamiltonianos e aplicações em teoria da informação quântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-28)
Moraes Neto, Gentil Dias de
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Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8559537379711116
Assentamentos rurais : o campo das sociabilidades em transformação. O caso dos assentados do Nova Pontal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-28)
Ramiro, Patrícia Alves
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Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7155476977488017
The present work intends to contribute for quarrel on the agrarian reform adopting as bias the interpretation of the process of construction of the social identity generated by the adoption of new forms of sociability in the agricultural way, created for the possibility of permanence or return to the field through the implantation of rurals projects of settlements. In the field of the agricultural sociability, we look for to detect which the values gifts in the ideal and real actions of these people who pass, after conquest of a land piece, to coexist daily in one same space and presenciam difficulties and similar initial chances, even so have particular histories of life. Therefore, nor the Brazilian agricultural settlement origin and nor the profile of the seated population are similar, have distinctions not only enter the different projects of settlements, but also in the internal profile of one exactly settlement and, in this way, the perceptions that after construct the conquest of the land expresses this multiplicity of inserted social citizens in the program of agrarian reform. The methodology adopted for the understanding of the process of construction of these new identities appeared through the agricultural settlements is the concept-type of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (community and society) formulated by Ferdinand Tönnies, whose complementary and contradictory nature allows in them to analyze the different forms of social organization, as the moment and the movement of the wills that characterize these two concepts central offices. The interpretation of the native categories that give sensible to the Inter life and inner life of the seated ones if of the one through the understanding of the values (dialectic component of the social nature of the human being) that, however attracts, however moves away people ones from the others. On the basis of the carried through empirical research in the project of settlement New Pontal, located in the city of Rosana, in the region of the Pontal of the Paranapanema, we could, saw study of the predominant sociabilities, to delineate the concept of agricultural society as modeller of the style of predominant life in the agricultural area (re) constructed by the agrarian reform.
A gênese do método reflexivo em Maine de Biran
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-28)
Doppenschmitt, Marcelo Souza Koch Vaz
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Marques, Silene Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
Ce mémoire a l objectif de circonscrire la genèse de la méthode réflexive chez Maine de Biran. Dans ce but on délimite la période de 1794 à 1804 qui embrasse depuis les textes de jeunesse, en passant par son premier ouvrage publié L influence de l habitude sur la faculté de penser, l article Rapports de l idéologie et des mathématiques (1803) et débauche sur La décomposition de la pensée (1804), ouvrage dans lequel pour la première fois Biran définit la méthode réflexive qui inaugurerait la doctrine biranienne proprement dite. Dès lors, on porte d abord sur quelques thèmes de jeunesse, notamment le besoin de se constituer une morale sensitive et des questions concernant la notion de cause en physique ; dans la suite, on analyse le contexte historique du projet d établissement d une science de l homme et ses insuffisances accusées par Biran qui aurait dévoilé au moyen de l analyse de l habitude les deux classes de facultés ― passives et actives ― constituant l homme ; on examine finalement comment ces deux classes de faits exigent également deux méthodes distinctes, la méthode réflexive ayant lieu avec la méthode expérimentale dans la composition d une science de l homme.
Estudo das condições de cultivo e de eletrocompetência para a transformação de Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-28)
Fonseca, Débora Faria
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4391984425065363
The Gram-positive genus Bacillus is of great biotechnological importance. Their ability to secrete enzymes efficiently during fermentation is exploited for the production of extracellular enzymes such as penicillin G acylase (PGA). Bacillus megaterium has proven to be an excellent alternative host to Escherichia coli for heterologous gene expression. Unlike other bacilli strains, proteolytic degradation by alkaline proteases is avoided. In addition, there are no endotoxins found in the cell wall. As a result, protein yields are exceptionally high even if inexpensive substrates are used. In this work, the growth conditions of B. megaterium ATCC 14945 and its preparation for transformation by electroporation with plasmid DNA had been studied. Vegetative cells and protoplasts of B. megaterium had been used. Plasmid DNAs (pET- 32, pETduet-1, pBR322 and pHis 1522) were prepared from E. coli strains DH5α and BL21. Bacteria cultures were growth in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth, Nutrient or LBS (LB containing 0,5 M sorbitol) medium. It had been used the following Electroporation Media: 25% PEG 6000/0.1 M Sorbitol (Moro et al., 1995), 0.625 M Sacarose/1.0 mM MgCl2, pH 5.5 (Dunny et al., 1991), HEPES 10 mM, pH 7.0 (Belliveau & Trevors, 1989) and SMG (0.5 M sorbitol, 0.5 M manitol and 10% glicerol) (Xue et al., 1999). As Recovery Media after electric pulses, LB and LBSM (LB containing 0,5 M sorbitol and 0.38 M manitol) had been used. Extractions of genomic DNA of B. megaterium and plasmid DNA of E. coli had been carried through. The Colonies Forming Units method (CFU) was applied in order to analyze the B. megaterium viability before and after treatment with Electroporation Media. The biomass produced (Cx) was analyzed spectrophotometrically and by the Dry Mass method. The morphology and pureness of B. megaterium cultures had been studied by optic microscopy preparations and B. megaterium growth in liquid selective media. The best electric conditions for electroporation had been established by preliminary tests. B. megaterium transformations was performed according to protocols described by Moro et al. (1995), Dunny et al. (1991), Belliveau & Trevors (1989), Xue et al. (1999) and Romero et al. (2006). The B. megaterium growth curves in LB, Nutrient and LBS had allowed the identification of growth phases of cultures and the respective electric conditions adjustment for electroporation protocols. The cellular concentration (dry mass) found for 16 hours of culture in Nutrient, LB and LBS medium had been 1.900 g/L, 2.649 g/L and 2.320 g/L, respectively. The viable cells concentration analyses (UFC) had allowed the adjustment of plasmid DNA concentrations employed and transformation efficiencies calculation. It had been found the following cellular densities of B. megaterium grown in Nutrient, LB and LBS medium respectively after PEG/Sorbitol Electroporation Medium treatment: 8.8 x 108; 9,2 x 108 and 2.3 x 109 UFC/mL. For Sacarose/MgCl2, it had been found 2,8 x 107; 4.6 x 108 and 3.7 x 108 UFC/mL and for HEPES 5.6 x 108; 2.93 x 109 and 1.86 x 108. For SMG, it had been found 1,7 x 109; 9.4 x 109 and 1.1 x 1010 UFC/mL for Nutrient, LB and LBS medium, respectively.
A argumentação e a mudança de prenome de transexual na jurisprudência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-28)
Fernandes, Fátima Catarina
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Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3784663514554344
From the perspective of the Semântica do Acontecimento (Semantics of the Events) and the French Discourse Analysis, which the firs theoretical field dialogues with, we have studied the way the argument ( argumentação ) for changing a transsexual s first name is built through the speaker-petitioner s own words, as well as through the argument and the designations used by the speaker-judge in order to authorize the alteration of a transsexual s first name. In the legal process, proceeded in the enunciation space of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, the petitioner transsexual Agnaldo requests the modification of his masculine first name into the feminine name Ângela. For that study we have adopted the concepts of designação (designation) reescritura (re-writing), cena enunciativa (enunciation scene), politico (politician) and argumentação (argument). Through the analysis of the corpus we could understand how the process of conception of the transsexual s own identity takes place, and how the process of social inclusion of the transsexual subject occurs (the politician being considered) for the subject, once socially excluded, is now included for the modification of the first name sentenced by the judge. There is always the liaison between the social and the politician (político), once the social recognition needs to be legally legitimated so that it can politically happen: the Constitution guarantees the political in the social perspective. Thus, in the political instance, the fragmentation takes place because the speaker-petitioner needs a place of belonging (recognition) and this place (recognizing himself as a subject being a woman ) is legitimated in the juridical discourse. Then, we understand how the process of social identification, connected with the scientific discourse, which has its own crystallized place, may contribute to the alteration of the transsexual s first name in the argumentation of the speaker-judge. Consequently, we can claim that the event and the litigation make the speaker-petitioner s speech move into the memorable (memorável) of the social environment, of the esthetical perspective and of the psychological constitution in order to change the name and that inserts him in the identity of a transsexual. And under the perspective of a liberal subject position, the speaker-judge sentenced favorably for the legitimating of the first name Ângela, who the speaker-petitioner has semantically a new body. This substitution of the official first name by the real one consolidated a new jurisprudence.