Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2008-03-19"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2

Processos de participação para o controle social em comissões locais de saúde: educar-se no cotidiano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-19) Barbosa, Ana Maria Giusti; Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0387355124707530
In the set of the changes occurred in the Brazilian society since the promulgation of the Federal Constitution in 1988, lies the institutionalization of the society means of participation for purposes of social control on the public policies. Among these means are the Management Councils. In the health area, we can find Health Councils in national, state, city and local levels. Having the Knowledge that the Health Local Commissions, local modality of the Councils, are spaces where the social control and participation social practice occurs, and educative processes are broken out, built and configured according to circumstances and particularities of each of them, the following research question was made: "Which are the educative processes related to the participation exercise and social control experienced, generated, built and unchained in the Local Health Commissions?". This research had as purpose to understand the Health Local Commissions in the city of Piracicaba in São Paulo state regarding the educative processes experienced by its participants. The theoretical referential adopted was the Pedagogia Sócio-Cultural by Paulo Freire and Theory of quotidian by Michel Maffesoli. Methodologically, it consisted on a study of qualitative character based on contributions of the phenomenological theory for insertion in field and data analysis. The field research was made in the period of 2004 to 2007, comprising 14 Health Local Commissions of Piracicaba. The procedures used for data collection were the observations of the commissions functioning and interviews with the participants. Fifty four observation sessions, in which it was tried to collect the functioning dynamics, conflicts, tensions, feelings and emotions and identify the educative processes from the participants perception describing and analyzing them. Semi-structured interviews were made with 24 commissions participants (managers, workers and users) in which the participants perception on the educative processes were investigated. The bases of the interviews script were "insertion processes" and "participation". The data analysis emphasized the quotidian and educative processes using the following categories: participation, interaction, and social control on the public health policy. It was concluded that by means of participation, the people discovered new realities, accessed information, developed new perceptions and new abilities. They finished with the fear of exposing themselves and learned to express, give opinion, suggest, discuss, cooperate and creat strategies to accomplishing proposals. Such changes showed the possibility of learning about participation, interaction ande public policy: learn the pratice, learn practing and learn from the practice.
Modificação do Poli(hidroxibutirato) PHB com nucleantes e com o copolímero (etileno-co-acetato de vinila) - EVA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-19) Falcone, Daniele Maria Bruno; Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8438856690765294
In this work, we sought to modify PHB, processing it in the melted state, and to evaluate the effect of the modifications on its mechanical properties and biodegradation characteristics. The following systems were therefore studied: a PHB/EVA blend, in a 90/10 ratio, with an ethylene-co-vinyl acetate copolymer containing 28% of VA; a PHB and PHB/EVA blend with 1% of Boron Nitride (BN) nucleant; a PHB and PHB/EVA blend with 0,35% of HPN nucleant ( Hyperform Nucleant ); and a PHB/EVA blend with 5% of Elvaloy PTW, which was used as a compatibilizer. These systems were characterized by thermal, mechanical, morphological and biodegradation analyses using the following techniques: Melt Flow Index (MFI), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Tensile Mechanical and Izod Impact (notched) Tests, Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The biodegradability test involved burying the samples in a suitable compost for 60, 120 and 180 days. The DCS analysis indicated that Boron Nitride was an effective nucleating agent for the PHB. However, the HPN did not act as a nucleant on this polymer, but instead, induced degradation of the PHB upon heating, as indicated by MFI, DSC and TG. Moreover, the addition of BN or even EVA did not improve the mechanical properties of PHB, and Elvaloy PTW did not act as a compatibilizing agent for the PHB/EVA blend. The HPN was found to interact antagonically with the PHB, which displayed extremely low impact strength values and widely dispersed results. The SEM and AFM analyses revealed poor distribution and inadequate dispersion of EVA in the PHB matrix. In addition, the AFM technique indicated that the PHB topography displayed the presence of pores, which undoubtedly, combined with the other factors, hindered its modification. Biodegradation was found to be strongly composition-dependent, since the addition of 10% of EVA to the PHB significantly accelerated the degradation of the PHB in this blend. In other words, the PHB probably exhibited disordered chain packing in the proximities of the EVA, facilitating the process of biodegradation by microorganisms. Hence, this study demonstrated the difficulty of modifying PHB, since it involves a variety of factors, as well as the possibility of developing PHB-based materials that biodegrade more or less rapidly according to the needs of a specific application.