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Perfil do desenvolvimento motor de lactentes com síndrome de Down dos 3 aos 12 meses de idade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-16)
Pereira, Karina
;
Tudella, Eloisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9046236610636727
This study aimed to characterize and identify the rate of motor development in both infants with Down syndrome (experimental group) and typical infants (control group) at the age range of 3-12 months. The infants were assessed in terms of motor performance, motor acquisition, minimum and maximum age to acquire a motor skill, and maximum age to acquire all the skills composing each positional scale (prone, supine, sitting and standing). Three papers and one chapter of a book were written to deal with these issues. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used for data collection. In paper 1, the rate of motor development in typical infants increased over the months in all body positions. Significant motor performance was observed at 3 and 6 months for the girls, and at 12 months for the boys. There was no relationship of weight and length, whether at birth or over age, with the infants motor development. In paper II, the experimental group showed an increasing but slow rate of motor development from 3 to 12 months. In paper III, motor performance was lower in infants of the experimental group. These infants took one to four months more to acquire motor skills when compared to control group. In the chapter of the book, examples of how to handle infants emphasized neuro-sensorymotor stimuli in different body positions with the aim of instructing caregivers on how to stimulate their child to interact, explore and learn about the environment in a more functional and independent manner. The results indicated that motor development was increased in infants with Down syndrome, following the same sequence of motor acquisitions as the typical infants. However, the rate was slower for the infants with Down syndrome, especially in prone, sitting and standing positions in which they were unable to perform all the skills. Furthermore, the infants with Down syndrome took more time to acquire a new skill. These studies fill the gap in the knowledge about the process of motor development as well as about the identification of motor milestones in infants with Down syndrome under physiotherapy intervention. In this sense, this research allows therapists to properly identify and assess infants with Down syndrome, thus contributing towards both the planning of therapeutic intervention and the development of guidelines aimed at instructing caregivers on how to prioritize antigravity positions and skills.
Fitoquímica de Raputia praetermissa (Rutaceae) e busca por candidatos a herbicidas inibidores da fotossíntese a partir de produtos naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-18)
Veiga, Thiago André Moura
;
Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8190975614526360
The species R. praetermissa is native from Amazonia. Plant recently classified, it does not give biological and/or chemical in the literature. This fact has led to this study, which can lead to the correct chemosystematic positioning of the genus within the family Rutaceae. From the phytochemical study of the roots of R. praetermissa concluded in 2005, mainly were found alkaloids derived from tryptophan and limonoids. The second step was the phytochemical study of some fractions of the dichloromethane extract of the roots and the extracts of the stem and leaves of the species. Alkaloids have been isolated and identified (indole, furoquinolines and quinolones), triterpenes (cycloartanes and friedelanes), steroids and a derivative of cinnamic acid. Among the substances found can highlight four substances not reported in the literature: two alkaloids, a diterpene and the derivative of cinnamic acid. A collection of 120 natural products isolated by the group of Natural Products/UFSCar was subjected to a series of enzymatic reactions that explained the mechanism of action of the substances considered active against photosynthesis in vitro in chloroplasts isolated from the leaves of spinach. It was possible to clarify the mechanism of action of 30 substances, which allowed so far, the publication of articles in indexed international journals and conferences (nationals and internationals). The prospects are quite interesting, especially as regards the implementation of this new line of research, not only in the Department of Chemistry (UFSCar), but also in Brazil, so that later are found models for new herbicides inhibitors of photosynthesis.
Análise da expressão da metalotioneína em duas espécies de peixes, Oreochromis niloticus e Prochilodus lineatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-18)
Coimbra, Thaissa de Melo Galante
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6730831006126304
Metallothioneins (MT) are non enzymatic proteins with with metal-binding ability. It has been used as a biomarker for environmental pollution by the analysis of its expression in several fish species. The tilapia is a commonly used model in studies of animal toxicology and some of these species have a well characterized MT sequence. Here, the Oreochromis niloticus specie was used in the standardization of the MT expression assay. The Prochilodus lineatus species is widely distributed in the Brazilian s Basins that has been studied regarding growth, illness and the toxicity of metals. However the MT DNA sequence from this species has not been described. The aim of this project was the analysis of the MT DNA in both species, O. niloticus and P. lineatus. For that, individuals from these species received intraperitoneal injections of zinc chloride, in increasing doses of 1 to 8 mg/kg for 4 days.. After this time, animals were killed and total RNA was isolated from the liver and used in an RT-PCR with primers designed accordingly to MT coding regions of fish MT deposited at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. DNA sequencing confirmed the highly conserved MT sequence for both species. For quantitative analysis, cDNA was used in a similar real-time PCR with the same primers plus the fluorophore Syber Green. TheZnCl2 treatment increased MT mRNA expression about 4 times for O. niloticus and almost 35 times for P. lineatus when compared with subjects that were not exposed to the metal. This difference was statistically significant in the experiments for both species. The results indicate the high conservation of the MT gene structure, that allow the use of MT in environmental research.
Estudo mecânico-quântico ab initio da propriedade fotoluminescente em compostos PbWO4, BaWO4, SrWO4 e dos processos de intercalação e difusão de Li no composto Li1+xTi2O4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-18)
Santos, Marcos Anicete dos
;
Varela, José Arana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1807399214239200
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4019009359628022
Computational simulation by means of quantum-mechanical calculations is becoming an increasingly important tool in scientific research of materiaIs due the great advances in the performance of computers and in the development of more efficient algorithms, providing a deeper understanding of nanoscale mechanisms which often cannot be detected directly by the experimental measures. The development of materiaIs with efficient optical properties is of great industrial interest. The photoluminescence (PL), one important optical property, has been intensively explored in scientific optical research and in technological applications. The literature presents that the most intense PL emissions of the compounds PbWO4, Ba WO4 and SrWO4 is favored by structural disorder in its lattice. Results of computeI simulations of structurally disordered compounds PbWO4, BaWO4 and SrWO4 by means of quantum-mechanical ab initio calculations were presented in this thesis, in arder to interpret why these disordered structures favor the most intense PL emissions. The calculations indicated that these structurally disordered compounds favor intense PL emissions because contain non-homogeneous distribution of charges in its lattice causing the generation of trapped electronic boles, thus, providing electron-hole recombinations to intense and broad PL emissions. The progress of research in batteries based on lithium-ion (Li batteries) has aIso great technological importance due the commercial demand of portable devices. In particular the compound Li1+xTi2O4 (O ≤X ≤ 1) is a perspective material for application in Li batteries due to its high fatia energy storagejweight. Results of computational simulations using quantum-mechanical ab initio calculations in processes of Li intercalation and diffusion in the structure Li1+xTi2O4 (0 ≤ X ≤ 0.375) were also presented in this work, in arder to identify the most favorable migration paths of considered different concentrations, and that such identification is not experimentally possible. The calculations of the processes of Li intercalation and diffusion in the structure Li1+xTi2O4 indicate that the Li insertion is energetically favorable in alI range of concentration x studied and the Li migration are favorable only for x 2: 0.25. Quantum-mechanical calculations aIso indicate the more favorable migration paths for each concentration x considered, and that migration of lithium is more favorable in less stable local Li arrangements because the energy cost for lithium migrating in more stable arrangements is greater than the energy cost for lithium migrating in less stable arrangements.
Determinação das propriedades mecânicas da liga A356 conformada por spray para diferentes teores de ferro e condições de processamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-22)
Silva Junior, Altino Ribeiro da
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5207241251738489
The aims of this work were the microstructural and tensile properties characterization of the hypoeutectic spray formed Al-Si 356, with and without contamination for iron, spray formed, extruded and heat treatment. The alloys were melted by induction furnace, gas atomized with nitrogen and deposited onto a copper substrate, after that the deposits had been parted and hot extrusion. Later some samples had been submitted the heat treatments. Spray formed material showed fine and homogenous microstructure, composed by equiaxial _-Al matrix, silicon particles and _-AlFeSi intermetallics phases, for contaminated samples. Higher porosity and lower yield process were obtained increasing the superheating temperature. The extrusion promoted grain refinement by a recrystallization process and strong decrease of the porosity. Room temperature tensile tests of the spray formed Al-Si 356 alloy showed both increased tensile strength and elongation when compared with the values observed for conventionally cast counterparts. These results can be ascribed to the refined grain size, silicon particles morphology and smaller _- AlFeSi phases presented in spray formed deposits. When, the samples spray formed and extruded showed higher values for the ultimate tensile strength and ductility when compared to Al-Si 356 alloy deposits processed by same parameters. The heat treatment samples of the Al- Si contaminated with iron, showed higher values for the tensile strength and lower decrease for the elongation when compared to spray formed and extruded.
Utilização de AFLP para estudos genéticos em Prochilodus argenteus (Pisces, Prochilodontidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-23)
Rojas, Thaís Cabrera Galvão
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Hatanaka, Terumi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666878061867996
Genetic studies have been performed for an endemic species from São Francisco River basin, Prochilodus argenteus, which has a great importance in the artisanal and subsistence fishing in the region. The linkage mapping and the genetic variability studies were made with AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) dominants markers and with 189 specimens from a F1 cross, that was also used for restocking the upstream area from Três Marias hydroelectric dam. All the analyses were carried out with 15 primer pairs combinations and the linkage map was made using the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. Forty six heterozygous marks were found for the genitors, with mendelian segregation of 1:1. The female genitor map had 3 linkage groups and the lenght of the analysed genome was 128,45 cM, the male genitor map had the same number of linkage groups and the total length of 192,67 cM. Common markers for both genitors, with mendelian segregation ratio of 3:1, served as bridge between the maps, for the construction of an integrated map. This map had 9 linkage groups, and the total map length was 442,08 cM. Additionally, the genetic variability was assessed and an expected heterozygosity mean was of 0,32082, with a Jaccard s similarity coefficient of 0,72564 + 0,00451. These preliminary values show that the cultured sample has a higher similarity coefficient than that obtained for the wild populations. Hence, the present results suggest that genetic studies and management restocking practices should be simultaneously performed for the maintenance of the genetic patrimony of this species at the São Francisco River basin. The results also showed that AFLP marks were suitable and effective to identify linkage marks in Prochilodus argenteus and for genetic variability studies in cultivar samples.
Influência da taxa de carregamento orgânico na degradação anaeróbia da vinhaça em reator de leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-24)
Siqueira, Laura Maria
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Silva, Edson Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2060041219631940
In this work, the mesophilic anaerobic degradation (35 ºC) of the sugar cane vinasse was studied in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (RALF) for 255 days. The reactor, built in acrylic and with a total volume of 4,192 cm3, was filled with polystyrene particles as a means support, occupying 70 % of the total volume, and operated with hydraulic retention time (TDH) of 24 h. The inoculum used was granular sludge taken from a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. Mixed must vinasse collected in three lots from Usina da Serra (Ibaté/SP) was used in the feed of the reactor. Biomass adaptation to diluted vinasse, with COD of 5,000 mg/L, occurred very fast (14 days) in the reactor itself. Vinasse average concentrations treated were 2,273; 4,891; 8,192; 10,353; 15,244 and 20,073 mg/L with applied organic load rates (OLRs) of 3.33, 6.68, 10.33, 14.44, 19.87 and 26.19 kg/m3.d and reduction efficiency of COD of 53, 67, 59, 66, 70 and 51 % respectively. The effluent pH remained between 7.8 and 8.6 throughout the research. The alkalinity concentrations to bicarbonate (AB) and total volatile acids (TVA) increased with the increase of OLR ranging between 918 mgCaCO3/L and 7,275 mgCaCO3/L and, 365 mgHAc/L and 3,146 mgHAc/L, respectively. The productivity of biogas in the reactor reached 5.37 m3/m3.d with applied OLR of 25.32 kg/m3.d. The methanogenic activity experiments (AME) revealed possible predominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogen. Opticum microscopic exams made it possible to verify the presence of methanogenic Methanosarcina-like archaea during the inoculum adaptation, selection and predominance taking place over the reactor operation of bacillus, coccus and methanogenic Methanosaeta-like archaea. This way it was observed the importance of the vinasse treatment, for besides the improvement of the quality improvement of the effluent to be land disposed, treated and buffered, it also generated a lot of energy (biogas).
Testes funcionais e a relação com o índice BODE na Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-24)
Regueiro, Eloisa Maria Gatti
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Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2901466840054711
Objectives: To investigate three variables of the respiratory process pulmonary ventilation ( E), oxygen consumption ( O2), and production of carbon dioxide ( CO2) during Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and functional tests of the lower limbs (LL) in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Control Group; verify if the methods employed to evaluate ADL adequately reflect the functional limitation of individuals with COPD; and if there is a correlation between the variables evaluated during ADL, the performance on Lower Limb tests and peripheral muscle impairment of the Upper Limbs (UL) to the BODE Index (Body mass index; airflow Obstruction; Dyspnea and Exercise capacity) in individuals with COPD. Material and Methods: The sample was composed of 17 men from the ages of 58 to 80 years old, ten of whom had moderate to severe pulmonary obstruction composed the COPD Group (COPDG) and seven healthy men composed the Control Group (CG). All performed the ADL Test and were evaluated by ventilatory and metabolic variables; the Six Minute Walking Test in Corridor (6MWTC) by Distance Walked (DW); the Six Minute Walking Test on Treadmill (6MWTT) by DW and velocity; the Sit To Stand Test (STST) by the number of sit and stand up repetitions performed and the Hand Grip Strength Test in different postures. The COPDG was classified by the BODE Index and correlations between the tests performed and the BODE Index were found for the COPDG. Results: Intergroup analysis detected significant differences (p<0.05) in relation to ADL of lifting container to eye level ( E, CO2), combing hair, lifting containers to above shoulder level, hanging out clothes on the clothesline and sweeping the floor ( CO2) and in 6MWTC for DW, 6MWTT for velocity and STST for number of repetitions of sitting and standing from chair. The BODE Index presented a strong (r≥0.66) to 6MWTT, STST and Hand Grip Strength. Conclusion: Individuals with COPD present a lower tolerance for physical effort compared to the CG during performance of the ADL and LL tests. The methods employed to evaluate the ADL did not reflect the functional limitation of the COPDG which was primarily composed of individuals with moderate obstructions. The Bode Index predictor of severity presented an association to limiting factors evaluated in the 6MWTT, STST and Hand Grip Strength Test for the COPDG; and thus suggests the possible use of these same tests to calculate physical exercise capacity in the BODE Index.
Um problema parabólico com condição de fronteira não-linear e peso indefinido: existência, regularidade, bifurcação e estabilidade de equilíbrios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-24)
Madeira, Gustavo Ferron
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Nascimento, Arnaldo Simal do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609243657130387
This work is concerned with a parabolic problem, occuring in population genetics, under a nonlinear Neumann boundary condition with a weight of indefinite sign and a positive parameter. Considering a phase space appropriate to the physical nature intrinsic to the model, it is proved that the parabolic problem generates a nonlinear dynamical system, which is a gradient system. Therefore, its equilibrium solutions play a fundamental role in the long term dynamics. Then the stationary problem is studied under various aspects: it is proved the existence of a weak equilibrium solution using the variational method; it is established the regularity of weak equilibrium solutions by showing that they are classical ones; the bifurcation and stability structures of equilibria are completely determined. Furthermore the behavior of the trace of the nontrivial equilibrium solution when the parameter is large is established.
O espaço e a infância das crianças de 0 a 4 anos que não freqüentam a educação infantil em Vitória da Conquista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-24)
Araujo, Ana Lucia Castilhano de
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Abramowicz, Anete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8381993654651507
This research talks about children without childhood care assistence. The investigation was made about children between zero and four years old, in a location in the city of Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, Brazil. The task of do an aproaching with children who lives in a knowledge and public politics border sends this research to an non explored field os families homes with small children. After an aproaching process and contacts with the comunity for localize children without of pré-schools or childhood care centers, observations were developed about children and their families including the comunity around them emphasizing space as a socializing element and made by adult and children as well. The context of small children without childcare shows a familiar and spacial structure of control and reclusion that can be explained by their age such as cultural causes. The research used photograph to show children space. Some of them taking by the children themselves. The discussion presented try to show the ways that children can live their childhoods using their reality, space, family, objects, experiencing with adults conflict relatinships but always in a constant interaction.
Preparação e caracterização de derivados de enzimas industriais em quitosana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-25)
Adriano, Wellington Sabino
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1262160817438979
In this work, several strategies were tested to improve the covalent multipoint attachment of chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A and cellulase on chitosan. Hybrid gels with different internal structures were obtained using sodium alginate, gelatin or κ-carrageenan and by changing the polymer concentration, 2.5-5.0% (m/v) and the activating reactant, glutaraldehyde, glycidol or epichlorohydrin. The addition of microorganisms to the hybrid polymer followed by cellular lysis, the increase of immobilization reaction time and the effect of the reduction of the final derivative with sodium borohydride were also tested. The influence of these variables on immobilization yields, recovered activities, and stabilization factors at 55°C and 65°C, were assessed. Chymotrypsin derivatives half-lives increased from 34 min at 55°C (for pure chitosan 2.5% activated with glutaraldehyde at pH 7.0, 4°C) to 468 min at 65°C (for chitosan 2.5%-carrageenan 2.5%, with the addition of 5% of S.cerevisiae, activation with epichlorohydrin, immobilization for 72 h at pH 10.05, room temperature and reduction of the final derivative). This best derivative was 9900-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme. A maximum load of 40 mg chymotrypsin.g.gel-1 was reached. The number of aldehyde and oxirane groups generated in the support, and of lysine residues of the enzyme involved in the multipoint attachment, as well SEM images of the gel structures, explain the obtained results. Carboxypeptidase A derivatives was analyzed. The results showed that immobilization via epichlorohydrin presented 40% (8.8) more stable derivatives than glutaraldehyde ones (5.3). However, derivative prepared with epoxides groups presented 100% of immobilization yield with 57% of recovered activity being 20-fold more stable than free enzyme after 48h of immobilization process. Derivatives activated by glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin and with epoxides presented diffusion limitations with Deff of 5.41.10-12, 5.59.10-12 m2.s-1 and 5.10.10-12 m2.s-1, respectively. To cellulase, assays of immobilization and saccharification of sugarcane bagasse cane were tested. The derivative used in a sequence of three distinct batches, was prepared with chitosan-alginate activated with glutaraldehyde/glycidol being 20-fold more stable than free enzyme. The best enzyme derivative was about 38 fold more stable activated via glycidol. The performance of the system of saccharification was excellent, indicating that enzyme immobilization may be a good alternative to reduce costs of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials.
Formas plurais de governança no complexo agroindustrial citrícola: análise dos produtores de laranja da microrregião de Bebedouro/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-25)
Mello, Fabiana Ortiz Tanoue de
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
The citrus agroindustrial complex, that has the most of the citrus agroindustrial production in the state of São Paulo, constitutes a very interesting example of the interaction of different forms of governance. The very same producer manages his orange sales to the market agents in different ways: according to organizational theory this situation is called plural forms or contractual mix. On sales to buyers that will sell the fruit for in natura consumption the producer generally deals in terms of spot market. On the other hand, contracts are predominant in transactions with the juice-processing industry. The producer can also lease part of the unused capacity of an industry in order to process his own fruit and sell it straight to the market (quasi-integration) or integrate the sale of the in natura fruit becoming the owner of packing houses (hierarchy). This work aims to identify the reasons that lead orange planters to sell their product to different buyers employing different governances. We chose the Bebedouro microregion to carry out this work due to the fact that it is one of the most traditional in the state of São Paulo as well as in the context of the Brazilian agroindustrial citrus complex. The search for explanations for the occurrence of plural forms goes against, in principle, the assumption of predominance of the most efficient form in transaction costs, according to New Institutional Economic. Therefore, this is the theoretical foundation for this study, which has been complemented by authors of Economics of Organizations, who explain the coexistence of diverse arrangements within a same firm in franchising, agroindustrial systems and in distribution channels. One of the conclusions on the determinants of plural forms in the case of Brazilian citrus growing is linked to the fact that buyers from distinct channels of distribution (quantity, quality, fruit variety, location, etc) have specific needs, which generate restrictions that make the choice for multiple channels and forms of governance the only available for many producers. Nevertheless, the main conclusion is that the attributes of the transaction are the key factors to explain the occurrence of plural forms, i. e., it is the fact that transactions between producers and buyers are different in at least one attribute (specificity of assets, frequency or uncertainty) that explains the adoption of different forms of coordination.
A avaliação institucional das escolas técnicas do Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-25)
Silva, Marta Leandro da
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Marques, Waldemar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2975349587986383
Based on the qualitative research methodology in education, we discuss the institutional assessment on the policies of technological education reform, after LDB 9.394/96, focusing on the Institutional Evaluation System of Technological State Schools (SAI ETES) of Centro Paula Souza in the State of São Paulo (1997-2007). We aimed to analyze the conceptions and proposals of institutional assessment expressed by the legal and institutional discourse of Centro Paula Souza, as well as present the perceptions of educational agents (Directors, Coordinators, Teachers, Administrative technician) about the impact and impasses of such assessment policy in the Technological Schools in the context of democratic administration. It was evidenced that the institutional evaluation is presented in the legal speech as the quality support in the combination of the categories: evaluation, quality, autonomy and as an instrument of control-regulation of the public funding. In the Reform of the Public Apparatus the assessment is presented as a centralizing (and/or recentralizing) instrument of decentralization and exempting the state from responsibilities policies. In the perception of the educational subjects it is necessary to restructure the SAIETE, which emphasizes the results evaluation not considering the process evaluation. Assessment is considered an instrument to regulate public financing, expressed by the linkage among institutional assessment, individual performance assessment and salary bonus system. This assessment system does not consider the impacts of the technological education reform policies, as well as the diversity of pedagogical-organizational structures of agriculture and industrial technical schools, consolidated in different professional areas with different needs and political-pedagogical projects.
Estudos ecotoxicológicos com ênfase na avaliação da toxicidade de surfactantes aniônicos aos cladóceros Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia dubia e Ceriodaphnia silvestrii
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-25)
Coelho, Katiuscia da Silva
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4472303021113386
The main anionic surfactants world widely used are the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (DSS), which are mainly used in the manufacturing of domestic and personal hygiene products. As a consequence of the great and increasing consumption of LAS and DSS there is an increasing wareness regarding the adverse effects of these compounds to the organisms and environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of the compounds LAS and DSS to the cladocerans Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. It was also evaluated the toxicity of the water and sediments of four reservoirs and one stream of São Paulo State Analyses of LAS concentrations in the water of these reservoirs were also performed by Liquid chromatography. Acute toxicity tests indicated a value of CE(I)50;48h for LAS of 14.17 mg L-1 to D. similis, 11.84 mg L-1 to C. dubia and 13.51 mg L-1 to C. silvestrii. Significant changes in the viability of the cladoceran offsprings were observed for C. dubia and C. silvestrii exposed to the LAS, with values of CENO equal to 1.0 mg L-1 to C. dubia and 2.5 mg L-1 to C. silvestrii. It was concluded that the maximum permissible concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 surfactants as established by the resolution CONAMA nº. 357/2005 (Brazilian Ministry of Environment) in order to protect aquatic communities is adequate, considering the sensitivity of the native species C. silvestrii. The results of the acute toxicity tests with DSS indicated a CE(I)50;48h value of 12.82; 4.37 and 5.42 mg L-1, for D. similis, C. dubia and C. silvestrii, respectively. A CENO value of 2.0 mg L-1 was obtained in the chronic toxicity tests for C. silvestrii. The surfactant LAS was detected in all the water samples collected in the Lobo (Broa), Lagoa Dourada and Fazzari reservoirs, but at concentrations lower than 5 mg L-1 (the method limit of detection). The toxicity tests with environmental samples revealed that there is no toxicity in the water of the Lobo and Lagoa Dourada sampled, however the water of Monjolinho Reservoir was toxic to D. similis and Fazzari stream was toxic to D. similis and C. dubia. Only the sediment of Monjolinho Reservoir was not toxic to cladocerans.
Análise de mapas conceituais elaborados por alunos da oitava série do ensino fundamental a partir de aulas pautadas na teoria da aprendizagem significativa : a argila como tema de estudo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-30)
Lourenço, Ariane Baffa
;
Hartwing, Dácio Rodney
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1241656328850074
In this work we analyze how and where extension student of the eighth series of the basic education of two public schools of the city São Carlos, conceptual maps from theoretical and experimental lessons elaborate, based in the theory of the Significant Learning, having as study subject the material clay. For the accomplishment of the research an initial study of characterization of two types of school clay was made, a white and another red. The results of this study had served as base for the elaboration of the course Clay, given in the regular period of lessons, in real situation of education in room. As instrument of evaluation of the learning reports and text had been used to elaborate by the students, questionnaire and conceptual maps. For the results we had that the use of texts and lessons elaborated based in the theory of the Significant Learning and the use of conceptual maps had assisted the learning of the students. The conceptual map was an efficient tool in the teach-learning process, therefore it allowed the students to identify and to relate the concepts between itself, and with too much concepts and examples, already existing in its cognitive structure, and to get a panorama of as its knowledge was structuralized. For the researcher, the map made possible to identify mistake ideas of the students, being able these to be worked individually, besides serving as evaluation instrument. For the results gotten in this work we evidence that it is possible to the teacher to use conceptual maps in its lessons, because this is a tool that assists in the process of teach-learning of the students, can be used as evaluation instrument and has good acceptance for the students.
Participação da área septal medial nas respostas sialogoga, dipsogênica e cardiovascular induzidas pela pilocarpina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-30)
Paulin, Renata Fabris
;
Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2906710955922416
Peripheral injection of pilocarpine (PILO, 1 mg/Kg of body weight), muscarinic cholinergic agonist, induce salivation, water intake and pressor response. The medial septal area (MSA) is an important brain area involved in cardiovascular regulation and hydroelectrolytic control. In this present study, we investigated: 1) the effect of MSA electrolytic lesion or the blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors into MSA on salivation, water intake and cardiovascular responses induced by peripheral pilocarpine; 2) the role of the sympathetic nervous system and/or vasopressin on the cardiovascular responses induced by peripheral pilocarpine; 3) the effect of injection of pilocarpine into MSA on salivation, water intake and cardiovascular responses. Male Holtzman rats weighing 280 to 320 g were submitted to 1 or 15 days MSA electrolytic lesion (2 mA x 5 s) or stainless steel guide cannulas were stereotaxically implanted into the MSA. We observed that peripheral pilocarpine (1 mg/kg of body weight) induces salivary secretion, water intake and an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) . This increase in MAP is due to an activation of simpathetic nervous system, since it was significantly reduced by previous treatment with prazosin (1 mg/kg of body weight), but not by vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist (10 µg/kg of body weigh). The salivary secretion and dipsogenic response induced by peripheral pilocarpine was reduced by MSA eletrolytic lesion or MSA muscarinic cholinergic blockade. Nonetheless, the pressor response induced by peripheral pilocarpine was not depend of MSA, since MSA eletrolytic lesion or muscarinic cholinergic receptors blockade did not change this response. Pilocarpine injection into MSA induced water intake (200 e 500 nmol/0,5 µL), salivary secretion (500 nmol/0,5 µL) and MAP increase (500 nmol/0,5 µL). Our results show that peripheral or MSA injection of pilocarpine induce salivary secretion, water intake and pressor response. The pressor response induced by peripheral pilocarpine is due to sympathetic activation. The MSA and its muscarinic cholinergic receptors are involved in the salivary secretion and water intake, but not in the control of pressor response induced by peripheral pilocarpine, suggesting that MSA has a differencial control on the responses induced by peripheral pilocarpine.
Estudo do efeito da Alternagina-C, uma desintegrina do veneno de Bothrops alternatus e de um peptídeo sintético derivado de sua estrutura, sobre a expressão de fatores de crescimento, angiogênese e cicatrização de lesão em pele de rato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-07)
Sant'Ana, Estela Maria Correia
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8749163000663076
Angiogenesis and wound repair are mediated by several growth factors that are strictly released. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein from the venom of Bothrops alternatus induces in vivo angiogenesis as well as the cyclic peptide derived from its primary structure, with the ECD motif (ALT-C PEP). This study investigated the effects of ALT-C and ALT-C PEP on angiogenesis and expression of growth factors in a model of wounded rat skin. The rats were anaesthetized; one cutaneous excision (4 mm diameter) was made on the back of each animal, close to the cervical area. Animals were then divided into 7 groups (five rats/group): control (treated with vehicle); locally treated with 10, 60 and 100 ng ALT-C or 10, 20 and 100 ng ALT-C PEP ALT-C PEP for 1, 3, 5 or 7 consecutive days. At the end of experiments animals were killed, the skin was removed; the cranial portion was used for histological analysis and from the caudal portion; protein were extracted, separated by SDS-PAGE and VEGF, FGF-1, TGFβ1, PDGF, IGF1 e TGFα expression was analyze a by Western blotting. The results show that both, ALT-C and ALT-C PEP induced the formation of new vessels, stimulate collagen synthesis and modulated the expression of growth factors, mainly VEGF and FGF1. The increase in VEGF expression could be detected up to 7 days after injury. FGF1 was also significantly increased, but at a lesser extension than VEGF. In conclusion, we present a protein belonging to the disintegrin group of snake venom toxins stimulates angiogenesis and collagen synthesis in an injured tissue. ALT-C may exert its effects via integrin binding and growth factor modulation. As angiogenesis is an important event for wound healing, ALT-C and ALT-C PEP could be candidates to the development of a new drug for wounded skin repair or regeneration.
A construção da gestão compartilhada da reserva extrativista do Mandira, Cananéia, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-07)
Cardoso, Thaís Almeida
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Nordi, Nivaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1975625195000271
This study arose from the proposal of fisheries co-management, based on the sharing of decisions and responsibilities between the State, user groups and other local organizations. The research was developed in the Mandira Extractive Reserve, Cananéia, SP, Brazil, with the objective of contextualizing the way of life and use of resources by the beneficiaries and, using the Research-action, to build up the co-management of the Protect Area. The process was developed by the collective action, of a group of local residents and technicians, looking for the involvement of the other beneficiaries for the effective participation in the management of the Mandira Extractive Reserve. We took as a basis for process analysis the management of the oyster (Crassostrea brasiliana), the main resource used by the local residents, which was frightened by super-exploitation. From the structure of the co-management mechanisms in the Protect Area and of the formulation of simple rules, created in a participative way and contextualized to the local reality, we obtained important results, which involved since the empowerment of the community, in search of autonomy and legitimacy, to the recovery of the stock of the oyster in the Reserve. It is important to emphasize that for the consolidation of this process, making it effective along the time and applicable to other fishing resources used inside the Mandira Extractive Reserve, the strengthening of the local organizations, as well as the implementation of other monitoring mechanisms, with the support of the administrating agency, adopting them as public police, should be maintained.
Efeito do laser de baixa intensidade sobre a regeneração do músculo esquelético em camundongos através da análise de expressão gênica com branched de DNA(bDNA)1
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-07)
Brasileiro, Olga Sueli Moreira
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
Estudo do potencial de regeneração natural: uma análise da chuva de sementes e do estrato regenerante da vegetação ciliar na bacia hidrográfica do rio Taperoá, semiárido paraibano, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-12)
Barbosa, Francisca Maria
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Soares, João Juares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0156776211731078
It was aimed at to study the natural regeneration in a ciliary area of Caatinga in the basin of the river Taperoá, semi-arid paraibano. The research was accomplished in the january/2004 period the december/2006 and it embraced the riverine area of the stream of Cazuzinha (7º26 13 S and 36º54 30 W; altitude 564-579 m). In that sense, the work understood the following stages: 1) characterization of the composition and of the contribution of the rain of seeds; 2) evaluation of the density, germination and flora of the bank of seeds of the soil in two differentiated stations and 3) analysis of the composition, structures and dynamics of the natural regeneration. In the first stage they were established 102 contiguous parcels of 10 X 10 m (1,02 ha). The collections were accomplished monthly. The collected material was conditioned in paper bags, which were identified with the number of the collector and the portion in the which was located. In the rain of seeds, 6.975 seeds belonging to 80 species were registered. The found density was of 775 seeds/m2/year. It was still verified for the community a pattern of having accentuated seasonality in the seeds production. The herbaceous having been the group that produced most of the sample seeds and the largest wealth of species. Like this, the seeds anemochorics were predominantly dispersed in the dry period. Most of the species zoochorics liberated your fruits in the rainy period, in other words, at that time of better conditions of ripening of the fruit, dispersion and seedling establishment. For the species autochorics the pick of dispersed seeds happened in the dry period. Related to the ecological groups the initial secondary species contributed with the percentile largest of species and liberated seeds. The index of diversity of Shannon was relatively inferior when compared with found for the bank of seeds of the soil. Particularly related to the bank of seeds, it is had that were collected in the 36 raffled parcels, for period amostral (dry and rainy), in each one of these, a sample of soil of 0,25 m2 to the depth of 5 cm. The florístic the identification of the species was based mainly on the morphology of the seedling. The density of the bank was evaluated by the method of seedling emergency. The composition floristc of the bank was represented by 165 species, being the end of the dry and rainy periods represented respectively by 122 and 124 species. The herbaceous ones composed 97% of the seeds germinated in the bank, being 95% in the end of the dry period and 99% in the end of the rainy station. The density of germinated viable seeds was larger in the end of the dry period (877 seeds/m2) than in the end of the rainy station (616 seeds/m2). Like this, it was verified that the end of the rainy period presented the largest wealth of species, however, in the end of the dry period it happened the largest seedling density for area. Does the analysis of the composition, structure and was dynamics of the natural regeneration verified with the distribution of 72 xviii parcels of 1 X 1 m along the course of water, enrolling the woody saplings with height ≥ 0,20 m and DNS < 3 cm. Rose 36 species and 380 individuals in the first inventory and 39 species and 391 individuals in the second. Most of the species belongs to the pioneers' ecological group and secondary initials, being the autochory and animal dispersal the predominant dispersal syndromes. Only three species happened in all the size classes in the two inventories and the largest indexes of natural regeneration were obtained by Croton rhamnifolioides, Combretum pisonioides, an indeterminate specie, Manihot glaziovii and Ziziphus joazeiro. The rates of ingrowths and mortality for the community were 13,8% and 11,3% respectively. The diversity values and equability in evaluations were 2,888 nats.ind.-1 and 0,806 and 2,879 nats.ind.-1 and 0,786 respectively. In general, the data demonstrate that in the ciliary areas of the semi-arid the saplings bank is of largest importance for the regeneration of those atmospheres, because it allows the establishment of pioneering species and secondary initials providing an increment in the wealth of woody species in the community.