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Influência da taxa de carregamento orgânico na degradação anaeróbia da vinhaça em reator de leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-24)
Siqueira, Laura Maria
;
Silva, Edson Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2060041219631940
In this work, the mesophilic anaerobic degradation (35 ºC) of the sugar cane vinasse was studied in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (RALF) for 255 days. The reactor, built in acrylic and with a total volume of 4,192 cm3, was filled with polystyrene particles as a means support, occupying 70 % of the total volume, and operated with hydraulic retention time (TDH) of 24 h. The inoculum used was granular sludge taken from a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. Mixed must vinasse collected in three lots from Usina da Serra (Ibaté/SP) was used in the feed of the reactor. Biomass adaptation to diluted vinasse, with COD of 5,000 mg/L, occurred very fast (14 days) in the reactor itself. Vinasse average concentrations treated were 2,273; 4,891; 8,192; 10,353; 15,244 and 20,073 mg/L with applied organic load rates (OLRs) of 3.33, 6.68, 10.33, 14.44, 19.87 and 26.19 kg/m3.d and reduction efficiency of COD of 53, 67, 59, 66, 70 and 51 % respectively. The effluent pH remained between 7.8 and 8.6 throughout the research. The alkalinity concentrations to bicarbonate (AB) and total volatile acids (TVA) increased with the increase of OLR ranging between 918 mgCaCO3/L and 7,275 mgCaCO3/L and, 365 mgHAc/L and 3,146 mgHAc/L, respectively. The productivity of biogas in the reactor reached 5.37 m3/m3.d with applied OLR of 25.32 kg/m3.d. The methanogenic activity experiments (AME) revealed possible predominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogen. Opticum microscopic exams made it possible to verify the presence of methanogenic Methanosarcina-like archaea during the inoculum adaptation, selection and predominance taking place over the reactor operation of bacillus, coccus and methanogenic Methanosaeta-like archaea. This way it was observed the importance of the vinasse treatment, for besides the improvement of the quality improvement of the effluent to be land disposed, treated and buffered, it also generated a lot of energy (biogas).
Testes funcionais e a relação com o índice BODE na Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-24)
Regueiro, Eloisa Maria Gatti
;
Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2901466840054711
Objectives: To investigate three variables of the respiratory process pulmonary ventilation ( E), oxygen consumption ( O2), and production of carbon dioxide ( CO2) during Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and functional tests of the lower limbs (LL) in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Control Group; verify if the methods employed to evaluate ADL adequately reflect the functional limitation of individuals with COPD; and if there is a correlation between the variables evaluated during ADL, the performance on Lower Limb tests and peripheral muscle impairment of the Upper Limbs (UL) to the BODE Index (Body mass index; airflow Obstruction; Dyspnea and Exercise capacity) in individuals with COPD. Material and Methods: The sample was composed of 17 men from the ages of 58 to 80 years old, ten of whom had moderate to severe pulmonary obstruction composed the COPD Group (COPDG) and seven healthy men composed the Control Group (CG). All performed the ADL Test and were evaluated by ventilatory and metabolic variables; the Six Minute Walking Test in Corridor (6MWTC) by Distance Walked (DW); the Six Minute Walking Test on Treadmill (6MWTT) by DW and velocity; the Sit To Stand Test (STST) by the number of sit and stand up repetitions performed and the Hand Grip Strength Test in different postures. The COPDG was classified by the BODE Index and correlations between the tests performed and the BODE Index were found for the COPDG. Results: Intergroup analysis detected significant differences (p<0.05) in relation to ADL of lifting container to eye level ( E, CO2), combing hair, lifting containers to above shoulder level, hanging out clothes on the clothesline and sweeping the floor ( CO2) and in 6MWTC for DW, 6MWTT for velocity and STST for number of repetitions of sitting and standing from chair. The BODE Index presented a strong (r≥0.66) to 6MWTT, STST and Hand Grip Strength. Conclusion: Individuals with COPD present a lower tolerance for physical effort compared to the CG during performance of the ADL and LL tests. The methods employed to evaluate the ADL did not reflect the functional limitation of the COPDG which was primarily composed of individuals with moderate obstructions. The Bode Index predictor of severity presented an association to limiting factors evaluated in the 6MWTT, STST and Hand Grip Strength Test for the COPDG; and thus suggests the possible use of these same tests to calculate physical exercise capacity in the BODE Index.
Um problema parabólico com condição de fronteira não-linear e peso indefinido: existência, regularidade, bifurcação e estabilidade de equilíbrios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-24)
Madeira, Gustavo Ferron
;
Nascimento, Arnaldo Simal do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609243657130387
This work is concerned with a parabolic problem, occuring in population genetics, under a nonlinear Neumann boundary condition with a weight of indefinite sign and a positive parameter. Considering a phase space appropriate to the physical nature intrinsic to the model, it is proved that the parabolic problem generates a nonlinear dynamical system, which is a gradient system. Therefore, its equilibrium solutions play a fundamental role in the long term dynamics. Then the stationary problem is studied under various aspects: it is proved the existence of a weak equilibrium solution using the variational method; it is established the regularity of weak equilibrium solutions by showing that they are classical ones; the bifurcation and stability structures of equilibria are completely determined. Furthermore the behavior of the trace of the nontrivial equilibrium solution when the parameter is large is established.
O espaço e a infância das crianças de 0 a 4 anos que não freqüentam a educação infantil em Vitória da Conquista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-24)
Araujo, Ana Lucia Castilhano de
;
Abramowicz, Anete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8381993654651507
This research talks about children without childhood care assistence. The investigation was made about children between zero and four years old, in a location in the city of Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, Brazil. The task of do an aproaching with children who lives in a knowledge and public politics border sends this research to an non explored field os families homes with small children. After an aproaching process and contacts with the comunity for localize children without of pré-schools or childhood care centers, observations were developed about children and their families including the comunity around them emphasizing space as a socializing element and made by adult and children as well. The context of small children without childcare shows a familiar and spacial structure of control and reclusion that can be explained by their age such as cultural causes. The research used photograph to show children space. Some of them taking by the children themselves. The discussion presented try to show the ways that children can live their childhoods using their reality, space, family, objects, experiencing with adults conflict relatinships but always in a constant interaction.
Preparação e caracterização de derivados de enzimas industriais em quitosana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-25)
Adriano, Wellington Sabino
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1262160817438979
In this work, several strategies were tested to improve the covalent multipoint attachment of chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A and cellulase on chitosan. Hybrid gels with different internal structures were obtained using sodium alginate, gelatin or κ-carrageenan and by changing the polymer concentration, 2.5-5.0% (m/v) and the activating reactant, glutaraldehyde, glycidol or epichlorohydrin. The addition of microorganisms to the hybrid polymer followed by cellular lysis, the increase of immobilization reaction time and the effect of the reduction of the final derivative with sodium borohydride were also tested. The influence of these variables on immobilization yields, recovered activities, and stabilization factors at 55°C and 65°C, were assessed. Chymotrypsin derivatives half-lives increased from 34 min at 55°C (for pure chitosan 2.5% activated with glutaraldehyde at pH 7.0, 4°C) to 468 min at 65°C (for chitosan 2.5%-carrageenan 2.5%, with the addition of 5% of S.cerevisiae, activation with epichlorohydrin, immobilization for 72 h at pH 10.05, room temperature and reduction of the final derivative). This best derivative was 9900-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme. A maximum load of 40 mg chymotrypsin.g.gel-1 was reached. The number of aldehyde and oxirane groups generated in the support, and of lysine residues of the enzyme involved in the multipoint attachment, as well SEM images of the gel structures, explain the obtained results. Carboxypeptidase A derivatives was analyzed. The results showed that immobilization via epichlorohydrin presented 40% (8.8) more stable derivatives than glutaraldehyde ones (5.3). However, derivative prepared with epoxides groups presented 100% of immobilization yield with 57% of recovered activity being 20-fold more stable than free enzyme after 48h of immobilization process. Derivatives activated by glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin and with epoxides presented diffusion limitations with Deff of 5.41.10-12, 5.59.10-12 m2.s-1 and 5.10.10-12 m2.s-1, respectively. To cellulase, assays of immobilization and saccharification of sugarcane bagasse cane were tested. The derivative used in a sequence of three distinct batches, was prepared with chitosan-alginate activated with glutaraldehyde/glycidol being 20-fold more stable than free enzyme. The best enzyme derivative was about 38 fold more stable activated via glycidol. The performance of the system of saccharification was excellent, indicating that enzyme immobilization may be a good alternative to reduce costs of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials.
Formas plurais de governança no complexo agroindustrial citrícola: análise dos produtores de laranja da microrregião de Bebedouro/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-25)
Mello, Fabiana Ortiz Tanoue de
;
Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
The citrus agroindustrial complex, that has the most of the citrus agroindustrial production in the state of São Paulo, constitutes a very interesting example of the interaction of different forms of governance. The very same producer manages his orange sales to the market agents in different ways: according to organizational theory this situation is called plural forms or contractual mix. On sales to buyers that will sell the fruit for in natura consumption the producer generally deals in terms of spot market. On the other hand, contracts are predominant in transactions with the juice-processing industry. The producer can also lease part of the unused capacity of an industry in order to process his own fruit and sell it straight to the market (quasi-integration) or integrate the sale of the in natura fruit becoming the owner of packing houses (hierarchy). This work aims to identify the reasons that lead orange planters to sell their product to different buyers employing different governances. We chose the Bebedouro microregion to carry out this work due to the fact that it is one of the most traditional in the state of São Paulo as well as in the context of the Brazilian agroindustrial citrus complex. The search for explanations for the occurrence of plural forms goes against, in principle, the assumption of predominance of the most efficient form in transaction costs, according to New Institutional Economic. Therefore, this is the theoretical foundation for this study, which has been complemented by authors of Economics of Organizations, who explain the coexistence of diverse arrangements within a same firm in franchising, agroindustrial systems and in distribution channels. One of the conclusions on the determinants of plural forms in the case of Brazilian citrus growing is linked to the fact that buyers from distinct channels of distribution (quantity, quality, fruit variety, location, etc) have specific needs, which generate restrictions that make the choice for multiple channels and forms of governance the only available for many producers. Nevertheless, the main conclusion is that the attributes of the transaction are the key factors to explain the occurrence of plural forms, i. e., it is the fact that transactions between producers and buyers are different in at least one attribute (specificity of assets, frequency or uncertainty) that explains the adoption of different forms of coordination.
A avaliação institucional das escolas técnicas do Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-25)
Silva, Marta Leandro da
;
Marques, Waldemar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2975349587986383
Based on the qualitative research methodology in education, we discuss the institutional assessment on the policies of technological education reform, after LDB 9.394/96, focusing on the Institutional Evaluation System of Technological State Schools (SAI ETES) of Centro Paula Souza in the State of São Paulo (1997-2007). We aimed to analyze the conceptions and proposals of institutional assessment expressed by the legal and institutional discourse of Centro Paula Souza, as well as present the perceptions of educational agents (Directors, Coordinators, Teachers, Administrative technician) about the impact and impasses of such assessment policy in the Technological Schools in the context of democratic administration. It was evidenced that the institutional evaluation is presented in the legal speech as the quality support in the combination of the categories: evaluation, quality, autonomy and as an instrument of control-regulation of the public funding. In the Reform of the Public Apparatus the assessment is presented as a centralizing (and/or recentralizing) instrument of decentralization and exempting the state from responsibilities policies. In the perception of the educational subjects it is necessary to restructure the SAIETE, which emphasizes the results evaluation not considering the process evaluation. Assessment is considered an instrument to regulate public financing, expressed by the linkage among institutional assessment, individual performance assessment and salary bonus system. This assessment system does not consider the impacts of the technological education reform policies, as well as the diversity of pedagogical-organizational structures of agriculture and industrial technical schools, consolidated in different professional areas with different needs and political-pedagogical projects.
Estudos ecotoxicológicos com ênfase na avaliação da toxicidade de surfactantes aniônicos aos cladóceros Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia dubia e Ceriodaphnia silvestrii
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-25)
Coelho, Katiuscia da Silva
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4472303021113386
The main anionic surfactants world widely used are the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (DSS), which are mainly used in the manufacturing of domestic and personal hygiene products. As a consequence of the great and increasing consumption of LAS and DSS there is an increasing wareness regarding the adverse effects of these compounds to the organisms and environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of the compounds LAS and DSS to the cladocerans Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. It was also evaluated the toxicity of the water and sediments of four reservoirs and one stream of São Paulo State Analyses of LAS concentrations in the water of these reservoirs were also performed by Liquid chromatography. Acute toxicity tests indicated a value of CE(I)50;48h for LAS of 14.17 mg L-1 to D. similis, 11.84 mg L-1 to C. dubia and 13.51 mg L-1 to C. silvestrii. Significant changes in the viability of the cladoceran offsprings were observed for C. dubia and C. silvestrii exposed to the LAS, with values of CENO equal to 1.0 mg L-1 to C. dubia and 2.5 mg L-1 to C. silvestrii. It was concluded that the maximum permissible concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 surfactants as established by the resolution CONAMA nº. 357/2005 (Brazilian Ministry of Environment) in order to protect aquatic communities is adequate, considering the sensitivity of the native species C. silvestrii. The results of the acute toxicity tests with DSS indicated a CE(I)50;48h value of 12.82; 4.37 and 5.42 mg L-1, for D. similis, C. dubia and C. silvestrii, respectively. A CENO value of 2.0 mg L-1 was obtained in the chronic toxicity tests for C. silvestrii. The surfactant LAS was detected in all the water samples collected in the Lobo (Broa), Lagoa Dourada and Fazzari reservoirs, but at concentrations lower than 5 mg L-1 (the method limit of detection). The toxicity tests with environmental samples revealed that there is no toxicity in the water of the Lobo and Lagoa Dourada sampled, however the water of Monjolinho Reservoir was toxic to D. similis and Fazzari stream was toxic to D. similis and C. dubia. Only the sediment of Monjolinho Reservoir was not toxic to cladocerans.
Análise de mapas conceituais elaborados por alunos da oitava série do ensino fundamental a partir de aulas pautadas na teoria da aprendizagem significativa : a argila como tema de estudo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-30)
Lourenço, Ariane Baffa
;
Hartwing, Dácio Rodney
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1241656328850074
In this work we analyze how and where extension student of the eighth series of the basic education of two public schools of the city São Carlos, conceptual maps from theoretical and experimental lessons elaborate, based in the theory of the Significant Learning, having as study subject the material clay. For the accomplishment of the research an initial study of characterization of two types of school clay was made, a white and another red. The results of this study had served as base for the elaboration of the course Clay, given in the regular period of lessons, in real situation of education in room. As instrument of evaluation of the learning reports and text had been used to elaborate by the students, questionnaire and conceptual maps. For the results we had that the use of texts and lessons elaborated based in the theory of the Significant Learning and the use of conceptual maps had assisted the learning of the students. The conceptual map was an efficient tool in the teach-learning process, therefore it allowed the students to identify and to relate the concepts between itself, and with too much concepts and examples, already existing in its cognitive structure, and to get a panorama of as its knowledge was structuralized. For the researcher, the map made possible to identify mistake ideas of the students, being able these to be worked individually, besides serving as evaluation instrument. For the results gotten in this work we evidence that it is possible to the teacher to use conceptual maps in its lessons, because this is a tool that assists in the process of teach-learning of the students, can be used as evaluation instrument and has good acceptance for the students.
Participação da área septal medial nas respostas sialogoga, dipsogênica e cardiovascular induzidas pela pilocarpina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-04-30)
Paulin, Renata Fabris
;
Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2906710955922416
Peripheral injection of pilocarpine (PILO, 1 mg/Kg of body weight), muscarinic cholinergic agonist, induce salivation, water intake and pressor response. The medial septal area (MSA) is an important brain area involved in cardiovascular regulation and hydroelectrolytic control. In this present study, we investigated: 1) the effect of MSA electrolytic lesion or the blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors into MSA on salivation, water intake and cardiovascular responses induced by peripheral pilocarpine; 2) the role of the sympathetic nervous system and/or vasopressin on the cardiovascular responses induced by peripheral pilocarpine; 3) the effect of injection of pilocarpine into MSA on salivation, water intake and cardiovascular responses. Male Holtzman rats weighing 280 to 320 g were submitted to 1 or 15 days MSA electrolytic lesion (2 mA x 5 s) or stainless steel guide cannulas were stereotaxically implanted into the MSA. We observed that peripheral pilocarpine (1 mg/kg of body weight) induces salivary secretion, water intake and an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) . This increase in MAP is due to an activation of simpathetic nervous system, since it was significantly reduced by previous treatment with prazosin (1 mg/kg of body weight), but not by vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist (10 µg/kg of body weigh). The salivary secretion and dipsogenic response induced by peripheral pilocarpine was reduced by MSA eletrolytic lesion or MSA muscarinic cholinergic blockade. Nonetheless, the pressor response induced by peripheral pilocarpine was not depend of MSA, since MSA eletrolytic lesion or muscarinic cholinergic receptors blockade did not change this response. Pilocarpine injection into MSA induced water intake (200 e 500 nmol/0,5 µL), salivary secretion (500 nmol/0,5 µL) and MAP increase (500 nmol/0,5 µL). Our results show that peripheral or MSA injection of pilocarpine induce salivary secretion, water intake and pressor response. The pressor response induced by peripheral pilocarpine is due to sympathetic activation. The MSA and its muscarinic cholinergic receptors are involved in the salivary secretion and water intake, but not in the control of pressor response induced by peripheral pilocarpine, suggesting that MSA has a differencial control on the responses induced by peripheral pilocarpine.
Estudo do efeito da Alternagina-C, uma desintegrina do veneno de Bothrops alternatus e de um peptídeo sintético derivado de sua estrutura, sobre a expressão de fatores de crescimento, angiogênese e cicatrização de lesão em pele de rato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-07)
Sant'Ana, Estela Maria Correia
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8749163000663076
Angiogenesis and wound repair are mediated by several growth factors that are strictly released. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein from the venom of Bothrops alternatus induces in vivo angiogenesis as well as the cyclic peptide derived from its primary structure, with the ECD motif (ALT-C PEP). This study investigated the effects of ALT-C and ALT-C PEP on angiogenesis and expression of growth factors in a model of wounded rat skin. The rats were anaesthetized; one cutaneous excision (4 mm diameter) was made on the back of each animal, close to the cervical area. Animals were then divided into 7 groups (five rats/group): control (treated with vehicle); locally treated with 10, 60 and 100 ng ALT-C or 10, 20 and 100 ng ALT-C PEP ALT-C PEP for 1, 3, 5 or 7 consecutive days. At the end of experiments animals were killed, the skin was removed; the cranial portion was used for histological analysis and from the caudal portion; protein were extracted, separated by SDS-PAGE and VEGF, FGF-1, TGFβ1, PDGF, IGF1 e TGFα expression was analyze a by Western blotting. The results show that both, ALT-C and ALT-C PEP induced the formation of new vessels, stimulate collagen synthesis and modulated the expression of growth factors, mainly VEGF and FGF1. The increase in VEGF expression could be detected up to 7 days after injury. FGF1 was also significantly increased, but at a lesser extension than VEGF. In conclusion, we present a protein belonging to the disintegrin group of snake venom toxins stimulates angiogenesis and collagen synthesis in an injured tissue. ALT-C may exert its effects via integrin binding and growth factor modulation. As angiogenesis is an important event for wound healing, ALT-C and ALT-C PEP could be candidates to the development of a new drug for wounded skin repair or regeneration.
A construção da gestão compartilhada da reserva extrativista do Mandira, Cananéia, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-07)
Cardoso, Thaís Almeida
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Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1975625195000271
This study arose from the proposal of fisheries co-management, based on the sharing of decisions and responsibilities between the State, user groups and other local organizations. The research was developed in the Mandira Extractive Reserve, Cananéia, SP, Brazil, with the objective of contextualizing the way of life and use of resources by the beneficiaries and, using the Research-action, to build up the co-management of the Protect Area. The process was developed by the collective action, of a group of local residents and technicians, looking for the involvement of the other beneficiaries for the effective participation in the management of the Mandira Extractive Reserve. We took as a basis for process analysis the management of the oyster (Crassostrea brasiliana), the main resource used by the local residents, which was frightened by super-exploitation. From the structure of the co-management mechanisms in the Protect Area and of the formulation of simple rules, created in a participative way and contextualized to the local reality, we obtained important results, which involved since the empowerment of the community, in search of autonomy and legitimacy, to the recovery of the stock of the oyster in the Reserve. It is important to emphasize that for the consolidation of this process, making it effective along the time and applicable to other fishing resources used inside the Mandira Extractive Reserve, the strengthening of the local organizations, as well as the implementation of other monitoring mechanisms, with the support of the administrating agency, adopting them as public police, should be maintained.
Efeito do laser de baixa intensidade sobre a regeneração do músculo esquelético em camundongos através da análise de expressão gênica com branched de DNA(bDNA)1
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-07)
Brasileiro, Olga Sueli Moreira
;
Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
Estudo do potencial de regeneração natural: uma análise da chuva de sementes e do estrato regenerante da vegetação ciliar na bacia hidrográfica do rio Taperoá, semiárido paraibano, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-12)
Barbosa, Francisca Maria
;
Soares, João Juares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0156776211731078
It was aimed at to study the natural regeneration in a ciliary area of Caatinga in the basin of the river Taperoá, semi-arid paraibano. The research was accomplished in the january/2004 period the december/2006 and it embraced the riverine area of the stream of Cazuzinha (7º26 13 S and 36º54 30 W; altitude 564-579 m). In that sense, the work understood the following stages: 1) characterization of the composition and of the contribution of the rain of seeds; 2) evaluation of the density, germination and flora of the bank of seeds of the soil in two differentiated stations and 3) analysis of the composition, structures and dynamics of the natural regeneration. In the first stage they were established 102 contiguous parcels of 10 X 10 m (1,02 ha). The collections were accomplished monthly. The collected material was conditioned in paper bags, which were identified with the number of the collector and the portion in the which was located. In the rain of seeds, 6.975 seeds belonging to 80 species were registered. The found density was of 775 seeds/m2/year. It was still verified for the community a pattern of having accentuated seasonality in the seeds production. The herbaceous having been the group that produced most of the sample seeds and the largest wealth of species. Like this, the seeds anemochorics were predominantly dispersed in the dry period. Most of the species zoochorics liberated your fruits in the rainy period, in other words, at that time of better conditions of ripening of the fruit, dispersion and seedling establishment. For the species autochorics the pick of dispersed seeds happened in the dry period. Related to the ecological groups the initial secondary species contributed with the percentile largest of species and liberated seeds. The index of diversity of Shannon was relatively inferior when compared with found for the bank of seeds of the soil. Particularly related to the bank of seeds, it is had that were collected in the 36 raffled parcels, for period amostral (dry and rainy), in each one of these, a sample of soil of 0,25 m2 to the depth of 5 cm. The florístic the identification of the species was based mainly on the morphology of the seedling. The density of the bank was evaluated by the method of seedling emergency. The composition floristc of the bank was represented by 165 species, being the end of the dry and rainy periods represented respectively by 122 and 124 species. The herbaceous ones composed 97% of the seeds germinated in the bank, being 95% in the end of the dry period and 99% in the end of the rainy station. The density of germinated viable seeds was larger in the end of the dry period (877 seeds/m2) than in the end of the rainy station (616 seeds/m2). Like this, it was verified that the end of the rainy period presented the largest wealth of species, however, in the end of the dry period it happened the largest seedling density for area. Does the analysis of the composition, structure and was dynamics of the natural regeneration verified with the distribution of 72 xviii parcels of 1 X 1 m along the course of water, enrolling the woody saplings with height ≥ 0,20 m and DNS < 3 cm. Rose 36 species and 380 individuals in the first inventory and 39 species and 391 individuals in the second. Most of the species belongs to the pioneers' ecological group and secondary initials, being the autochory and animal dispersal the predominant dispersal syndromes. Only three species happened in all the size classes in the two inventories and the largest indexes of natural regeneration were obtained by Croton rhamnifolioides, Combretum pisonioides, an indeterminate specie, Manihot glaziovii and Ziziphus joazeiro. The rates of ingrowths and mortality for the community were 13,8% and 11,3% respectively. The diversity values and equability in evaluations were 2,888 nats.ind.-1 and 0,806 and 2,879 nats.ind.-1 and 0,786 respectively. In general, the data demonstrate that in the ciliary areas of the semi-arid the saplings bank is of largest importance for the regeneration of those atmospheres, because it allows the establishment of pioneering species and secondary initials providing an increment in the wealth of woody species in the community.
Aspectos da pedagogia no século XVII: um estudo comparativo entre João Amós Coménio e Alexandre de Gusmão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-15)
Pereira, Aline de Cássia Damasceno
;
Bittar, Marisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3187024660814929
Aprendizagem e inovação nas pequenas empresas : um estudo multicasos no arranjo produtivo local do setor do vestuário de Cianorte-PR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-16)
Oliveira, Márcia Freire de
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5410927608982362
In company clusters, the proximity between the agents in a common socioeconomic context can facilitate relationships among companies and between those companies and other actors (clients, suppliers, universities, associations, etc.), creating spaces for the exchange of knowledge and information, and fomenting the learning process. This process is intertemporal and cumulative, helping to enable those companies to incorporate innovations. In view of this context, the main objective of this work was to ascertain whether the different forms of learning (learning by using, learning by doing, and learning by interacting) contribute to the introduction of innovations (commercial, organizational, institutional and technological) by the small companies inserted in production clusters. We hypothesize that learning by interaction is the form that most favors the introduction of innovations on the part of small companies inserted in production clusters. This research is qualitative; hence, it is an exploratory study. The focus of our analysis is the case of the garment sector s LPC (local production cluster) in Cianorte, state of Paraná, Brazil. To achieve the proposed objective, a multicase study was made of four garment producers established in this city. The data collection technique consisted of a bibliographic review, documental analyses, notes taken at meetings of the Cianorte LPC, and nonstructured interviews with employees of the four companies whose activities involved the adoption of innovations. Our findings do not confirm the initial hypothesis, indicating, instead, that learning by using contributes the most toward the introduction of innovations. Moreover, learning by interaction could represent a greater contribution if the local businessmen were to engage in joint actions aimed at achieving collective gains for the cluster.
Sistema baseado em redes neurais para composição musical assistida por computador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-16)
Corrêa, Débora Cristina
;
Saito, José Hiroki
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7795579469691468
Several research studies have been realized in order to achieve a musical composition computational system that could, as much as possible, catch the human mind, skills, and creativity. More recently, artificial neural networks (ANNs), also have been deployed as auxiliary models for musical compositions. For musical computation, connectionist systems, as well as other systems that involve machine learning, are able to learn patterns and features available in the melodies of the training set and to generalize them to compose new melodies. Therefore, the use of neural networks in music learning and composition has attracted researchers and many approaches have been developed. The aim of this study is the proposal of a neural network based system for computer-aided musical composition. This system can be divided into four main processes: training, composition, evaluation and optimization. It is also proposed to complement the training and composition processes with a kind of inspiration, from Nature, using landscapes contours as additional information to the network. The neural networks used in the system are: BPTT (Back-Propagation Through Time) and LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) networks. The results obtained are compared from both networks and it is observed that the LSTM network performs better. It is also proposed an approach that consists of optimizing the weight initialization process of the LSTM network in addition to an estimative of the ideal configuration of the hidden layer, that contributes to the obtained results.
Engenharia de interações e de reservatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-17)
Prado, Fabiano Oliveira
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Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3505195155149832
In this work we first present a protocol to build effective interactions between two cavity modes, considering a two-level atom under the action of classical fields. Bilinear Hamiltonians associated with parametric up- and down-conversion processes are derived, apart from nonlinear interactions associated with the degenerate parametric down-conversion process, resulting in the squeezing operation of a cavity mode. We also demonstrate how to construct nonlinear Hamiltonians related with a Kerr-type process for one or two cavity modes. In particular, we show how to implement, in the bimodal cavity, the Hamiltonian describing a two-specieis Bose-Einstein condensate in the two-mode approximation. Next, considering a two-level ion trapped in a cavity, under the action of classical amplification field, we show how to build an artificial reservoir for the electronic states of the ion. This reservoir is suited to protect nonstationary superpositions of the electronic levels, enabling us to measure the geometric phase acquired by these states under nonadiabatic evolutions of the system. Finally, we show how to construct squeezed reservoirs, either for a cavity mode or two-level atoms, by previously engineering an effective interaction between the atom(s) and the cavity mode which comprehends the simultaneous implementation of the Jaynes-Cummings and anti-Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonians.
Estimulação diafragmática elétrica transcutânea (EDET) em mulheres obesas mórbidas submetidas à derivação gástrica em Y de Roux (DGYR) com anel de contenção, por laparotomia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-19)
Forti, Eli Maria Pazzianotto
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Costa, Dirceu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2664184377228086
The bariatric surgery has been considered an effective procedure for weight and co-morbidities reductions and consequently for the life quality improvement. However, in the same way as all surgeries, it can bring complications and alterations in the pulmonary function meanly in obeses. In this way, the objective of this study was the evaluation of the pulmonary function, the respiratory muscular strength and the thoracic mobility after the physiotherapy treatment with transcutaneous electric diaphragmatic stimulation (TEDS) in patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and the quality of their lives after the weight reduction. Forty-four morbid obese women with BMI > 40kg/m2 were studied. The Ethics Committee of Researches properly approved this study. The obese women were evaluated through spirometry, manovacuometry and thoracic abdominal cirtometry in the pre-operative period and fifteen and thirty days after the surgery ; they were randomly separated into two groups of twenty-two each. The Control Group (CG) was submitted to the conventional chest physiotherapy (CCP), while Experimental Group (EG) was submitted to the conventional chest physiotherapy associated with the TEDS (CCP+TEDS). The assessment of the life quality occurred between the sixth and the sixteenth month of the post-operative period by the BAROS questionnaire. To the statistics analysis was used GraphPad InStat for Windows, 3.05 version, the test of Kolmorogov Smirnov, Friedman and Mann-Whitney. It was considered significant p<0.05. To the data analysis of the BAROS questionnaire, descriptive statistics tests like average, standard deviation, absolute numeral values and percentage were used. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences to the flows and pulmonary volume measurements and to the MIP (p>0.05). Related to the MEP, there was a progressive and significant reduction from the pre to the thirty day after the surgery for the CG, but not to the EG. It was observed that the alterations in the thorax abdominal mobility were not significant to the CG in any evaluation. However, with the EG, the differences were significant at the three moments of evaluations and to the three evaluated locals. Finally, the result of the quality of life questionnaire BAROS application showed that the bariatric surgery got satisfactory results to 2,27%, good to 9,10%, very good to 36,36% and excellent to 52,27% of the patients. Based on these results it is possible conclude that both CCP and (CCP) associated with TEDS were effective in the maintenance of pulmonary flows and volumes, of the capacity of muscle endurance, and the maintenance of the strenght muscles at the post-operative period of the RYDG. However, the CCP associated with the TEDS revealed to be much more effective not only to the maintenance of the expiratory muscles strenght as to guarantee a greater thorax abdominal mobility by increasing the muscle contraction. The loss of overweighting contributes to the life quality improvement in morbid obese women.
SLOT: uma ferramenta dinâmica para escalonamento global de aplicações em grades computacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-05-19)
Rios, Ricardo Araújo
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Guardia, Hélio Crestana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0427387583450747
The constant improvement in performance that computers and interconnection networks present has favored the use of distributed computational resources, and given rise to Grid Computing. This new approach uses heterogeneous and geographically distributed resources to resolve problems with high computational costs. The execution of applications in this environment is generally achieved with scheduling mechanisms that manipulate the task set and its interdependences, mapping the tasks on to the resources. However, existing schedulers generate the schedule of each application individually, not evaluating the impact on the execution of previously scheduled applications. In this sense, this work presents a global scheduling tool for the tasks submitted to the Grid, and also presents a scheduling algorithm that allocates tasks between previously scheduled slots of time. The use of the proposed tool and algorithm permit a reduction in the amount of time processors remain idle and therefore a more efficient execution of the applications.