Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-06-23"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21354

Nitrosilo complexos de rutênio : síntese, caracterização e avaliação de suas potencialidades citotóxicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-23)
Golfeto, Camilla Calemi
;
Batista, Alzir Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9969351629353020
The behavior of nitric oxide (NO) in biological systems has been under intense investigation in recent years in view of its possibly crucial role in a variety of physiological processes. Great progress in this area has been achieved by studying nitrosyl transition metal complexes. In this sense ruthenium complexes are by far the most studied and their relation to nitric oxide, acting as potential drugs, has been well explored in the literature. It should be punted out that ruthenium compounds normally exhibit fewer general toxicity problems than other metal-based drugs as showing by clinical experiments with a variety of ruthenium complexes, including some containing coordinated nitric oxide. Specifically for use as anticancer agents, ruthenium complexes are very promising, showing activity against tumors that have developed resistance to cisplatin or in which cisplatin is inactive. Nowadays two ruthenium-based anticancer drugs, NAMI-A [ImH][trans-RuCl4(DMSO)(Im)] and KP1019 [ImH][trans-RuCl4(Im)2] (Im = imidazole), have successfully completed phase I clinical trials and are scheduled to enter phase II trials in the near future. Also, the synthesis and evaluation of biological properties of ruthenium complexes with ligands of biological importance has attracted much attention of researchers of the bioinorganic area because the synergic effect from the ligand and metal residue can be expected once the administered coordination compound dissociates inside the body. Further beneficial effects can come from pharmaceutical principles based on coordination molecules, for example protection exerted by the metal-ligand bond against enzymatic degradation of the active ligand, modulation of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the drug molecule and through this optimization of permeability of membranes. Thus these subjects have been performed in our laboratory and our research group has been interested in nitrosyl ruthenium complexes containing phosphine ligands, first to explore the structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of such species with a focus on the effect of the type of isomer and co-ligands on the NO+ electronic characteristics. More recently was tested some of the compounds in cytotoxicity assays with a human tumor cell line, in order to evaluate their antitumor potential. Preliminary results were very promising and stimulate us to explore this potential in other nitrosyl ruthenium derivatives. In this work we report the preparation and characterization of nitrosyl complexes with the general formula cis-[RuCl2(NO)(dppp)(L)]PF6, where L is pyridine (py) [1], 4-Methylpyridine (4-Mepy) [2] or 4-Phenylpyridine (4-Phpy) [3] and dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, obtained from the fac-[RuCl3(NO)(dppp)] precursor, and of nitrosyl complexes with the general formula cis-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(N-N)](ClO4)2, where N-N is 2,2 -bipyridine (bipy) [4], 4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine (Me-bipy) [5],4,4 -dimethóxi-2,2 -bipyridine (MeO-bipy) [6], 4,4 -ichloro-2,2 -bipyridine (Cl-bipy)[7], e 1,10-phenantroline (fen) [8], and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane. The preliminary cytotoxity activities against the MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line (human breast carcinoma) were tested for the compounds [1]-[3] and cis-[RuCl2(NO)(BPA)](HBPA=2-hydroxybenzyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine, fac-[RuCl3NO(dppf)], RuCl3(NO).2H2O, the free ligands dppp and dppf and cisplatin, this last one for comparison with the new derived compounds. Cell viability was assayed by MTT reduction and the dose-survival curves obtained after 24 h drug treatment, showed a good activity with IC50 values of 21 ± 15; 7,4 ± 3,7; 7,1 ± 2,6; 87 ± 23 and 10 ± 3 μM for the complexes [1], [2], [3], respectively and cis-[RuCl2(NO)(BPA)] and fac-[RuCl3NO(dppf)].
Produção e comercialização em assentamentos de reforma agrária do MST: pesquisa participativa e pesquisa-ação em Pernambuco e no Rio Grande do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-25)
Betanho, Cristiane
;
Eid, Farid
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4602570910313960
Looking for to legitimize their action the landless country laborers movement has been offering part of the nestings production to the society, it is one way that they found for that. The nestings agriculturists has organizing in association and cooperatives looking for working together can be stronger producing and commercializing instead of producing the capital surplus in any cost as capitalism idea. By the other hand, most part of the production in general raw materials and product in nature with low aggregated value realized has been commercialized by the brokers or executives who add value and take the under values generated by this activity. This research had two objectives: a) analyse the limits and possibilities on the production and on the commercialization in ten enterprises created and administrated for the Rio Grande do Sul and Pernambuco nestings by the participative research and b) to present the process and results of Action Research developed by the students of the Technical Institute of Agrarian Reform and Capacitation (RS), that was looking for the development of the professional qualification methodology in strategic for commercialization applied in land and fruits agro industry. The hypothesis of the forces on the market and the use of the societal marketing strategy acknowledge could show them how to build new offers with major added value to commercialize in choose markets who improves with the dependency relation brake by the brokers increasing the salary for this families and by the other hand keeping the principles and values of he MST and Solidary Economy. The results of the participle research showed that in both states the nestings decided by the production lines first and with the raw material in their hand searching for new markets to sale the production and this logical will generate the tentative and error process that is difficult to suppose and with higher cost. The action research results xi showed the societal marketing acknowledge adapted for and improving the economic result and relationship with the market for the studied enterprise.
A transição agroecológica no assentamento rural Fazenda Pirituba: percepções, práticas e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-26)
Narezi, Gabriela
;
Beskow, Paulo Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1603781651177935
The importance of agroecologic transition for the agricultural nesting in the agrarian reform it s as an alternative front to the economic situation, in the recovery of degraded areas, the balance of agroecosystems and the viability of alimentary agricultural production to attend the needs of the families. The objective of this research was to analyze the agroecologic transition in the agricultural nesting Pirituba farm, in the cities of Itapeva and Itaberá, SP. The used methodology was the research-action and bibliographies. In the field work participative methodologies and half-structuralized interviews had been used. Five groups of agroecologic experimentation, the pointers of sustainability and the phases of each experimental agroecologic transition was identified and analyzed. It was shown that some families had interest in proceed in the agroecologic transition and that some areas demonstrated potential for agroecologic production. However, the continuity of these practices is compromised by some factors representing challenges for the families and also for the public policy of sustainable agricultural development. This work presents the perceptions, practice and perspective for the agroecologic transition in the agricultural nesting Pirituba Farm.
O ensino de escovação e promoção da saúde bucal em crianças pré-escolares com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-27)
Marega, Tatiane
;
Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5221173390322970
Studies have shown that autistic adults and adolescents have a high incidence of cavities due to their substandard practices of oral hygiene. Disruptive behaviors like flinching or fleeing are commonly observed during toothbrushing, as well as agonistic conduct during dental treatment. Few studies have addressed the improvement of toothbrushing efficacy as a form of preventing these problems, and most of the existing works are poor in methodology. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a toothbrushing training program upon children of five to six years of age who have been medically diagnosed as autistic. The children were randomly divided into groups G1, G2 and G3. G1 had training on the use of conventional toothbrushes, with an accompanying song and physical guidance; G2 had electric toothbrush training and physical assistance; group G3 had electric toothbrush training, associated to a song and physical assistance. Video recordings of the training sessions were used to determine the brushing steps assimilated by the children, as well as their autonomy and ability to complete each of the steps along the study. Hygiene results were evaluated through a sequence of treatments and probes. The use of electric toothbrushes apparently resulted in better removal of plaque, even under adverse conditions. G3 showed better plaque indexes than the other two groups, and G2 had better results than G1, suggesting that the use of electric toothbrushes associated to a song and physical assistance can optimize oral hygiene in autistic children. Overall, five-year-olds had better results than sixyear- olds, suggesting that younger children have a lower incidence of adverse behavior (e.g. nausea or vomiting) during toothbrushing.
Simulações computacionais de sistemas eletrônicos em geometrias confinadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-27)
Venturini, Patricia Cristina
;
Rino, José Pedro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801067322823031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5312730963305924
In this work, structural and dynamic properties of a two-dimensional electron system trapped to helium film, deposited on a solid substrate, are determined through molecular dynamics simulation. The influence of the film thickness and type of substrate on those properties are analyzed in the numerical experiments. A special attention is given to dynamical structure factor that is used to obtain some important properties of this system, like dispersion and mobility of electrons. For the first time, the dynamic structure factor from interacting electron system is applied to the calculus of mobility, introducing a many body effect.
Metabolismo de carboidratos e de lipídeos durante o exercício na intensidade do limiar ventilatório e o período de recuperação de mulheres obesas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-27)
Souza, Cristiane Pereira de
;
Silva, Rozinaldo Galdino da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8194772765458634
The inability to oxidize fat is a key factor in the etiology of obesity. However, improved performance and VO2max resulting from physical training leads to increased rates of oxidation of fats. Although, there is still a lack of information about the intensity of exercise can interfere with metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in obese women during a session of exercise and its recovery, because only in an experimental study there is a negative relationship of obesity on the reinstatement of power after a year. Therefore, this study aims to assess the behavior of the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in moderately obese women on a test of acute exercise effects on the intensity of ventilatory threshold and the recovery period, in the stage of pre-and post-training physical. This study had the participation of seven women slightly obese (BMI=4.03 kg/m2), with an average age of 43.0 ± 4.0 years, 163 ± 0.2±33.59 cm and previously sedentary who were submitted to the ergospirometry acute test before and after 16 weeks of training in the intensity of ventilatory threshold. During the test respiratory quotient was evaluated to determine the fats and carbohydrates oxidation during exercise and recovery period. The results found that the volunteers used predominantly the energy that comes from carbohydrates during the session of exercise (67.64% and 69.35% of the total spent provided pre-and post-training, respectively). During recovery the percentage of the fats contribution increase of (46.52% of the total oxidized) to the total energy generated, which discreetly marked with training (53.48% of the total oxidized). Based on the findings was observed that the metabolism of carbohydrates provides the muscle contraction support during the exercise in the intensity of ventilatory threshold and that the recovery period lipid metabolism is the counterpart to repay the body stores energy in obese women.
Educadores sociais e suas práticas junto a jovens: o cotidiano de ONGs na cidade de Campinas/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-27)
Borba, Patrícia Leme de Oliveira
;
Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4193205735379897
Simultaneously to the strengthening of the neoliberal political project in Brazil, it has been experimented a national outspreading of the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), that accomplish the educational practices directed to the youngsters and particularly to the lacking youngster. The present research has intended to analyze the educative practice accomplished by the social educators in two NGOs in Campinas city - São Paulo State, which organizations that actuate in the field of education and social assistance, and dedicated to the social educative area along youngsters in situation of social vulnerability, what is done in a period complementary to the school period. For such, it has been used methods like participative observation, along respective logging in a period of two months in each institution. The interviews half-structured with work team and the youngsters, as well a game, entitled Consensus Game as a facilitator means of the youngsters thoughts, related to the their experiences in the organizations studied. The whole of these material were analyzed based in the major categories, which this work embrace the concepts and discussions about the role of the ONGs/ Third Sector in the contemporary Brazilian society; the present condition of the youth and youngster lacking and urban; the education in its sense more comprehensive, as interest us, in this path, either the ways of formal education and the non formal practices and the social educators theirselves. With empiric data arranged according a theorical support, has provided some discussion, among them, the image of the social educator(s); the consequences of the voluntary work and the low wages given to the professional educators, the programs of revenues transferring and the deepening of the category Respect as guide line for a new understanding of the practices of educator, from a youngsters point of view. In respect to the plurality of difficulties faced by the social educator in daily basis - a material shortage for their intervening, fragile back ground, low wages, technical work gotten as voluntary, among others, such practices can favors, restrictedly and individually, the enlarging of the social net of support of the caring youngsters, and else, operating in the assistancialism logic, since macro-socially does not yield changes in the population target, for instance, the lacking youngster. Thus, we realize that there are an alignment, conscient (or not) to the hegemonic neoliberal political project that reproduces the social, economic and political differences inherent to the production model of the capitalism, and contributing in maintaining the present status quo. Finally, the present research intend to contribute for a better qualification of the practices proposed in the spaces here analyzed, for revealing the objectives implicit in the present model of the public intervening in the social issue, as well to yield subsides for creating and implementing public politics facing young and youngster, putting them as rights carriers, specially to project their lives in a direction of autonomy and respect.
Modelos grafos para expressão gênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-27)
Medeiros, Cláudia Alexandra Salviano de
;
Milan, Luis Aparecido
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0987497715261961
The purpose of this work is to examine statistical methodologies that can be applied to problems that involve a large number of variables using as a tool graphical models that assist on the visualization of the conditional independency and dependency structure, thus a graphical model represents the relationship between random variables (dependence, independence and conditional independence), each node is a random variable and the edges between the nodes are different ways they relate to each other. This dissertation studies Gaussian graphical models. We use methodologies for large scale models (\large p and small n") used on the analysis of gene association from gene expression data. We describe the sparse graphical models and we implement a computational algorithm. We veriffed a Bayesian approach using the Reversible Jump MCMC. We also introduce decomposable graphical models in relation to the computational effciency attained by the decomposition of the sample space, and we found the best decomposable graph based on the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for a real data set.
O gerenciamento por processos na administração pública: o caso da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-27)
Paula, Vérica Marconi Freitas de
;
Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7888409271047223
The focus on management practices - especially the ones that improve the fulfillment of the demands and needs of people involved with the organization - has grown due to the increase in competition, causing changes in the organizations conventional way of working. In the public sector, management has been modified and still is. Literature shows that the present model of Public Management does not fulfill completely the needs and growing demands of the citizens. As a consequence, it is possible to find some areas in which managerial practices have already been adopted. Therefore, this study analyses the viability of applying the strategy of management by processes in Public Management. This strategy has been applied to private companies with strong positive results. The empirical part of the study was developed at UFSCar (Federal University of São Carlos), aiming at identifying the present context and the main aspects (favorable or not) involved in introducing the strategy of management by processes in four selected processes.
A qualificação do conceito assédio moral no Brasil : implicações nas práticas de gerenciamento do capital humano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Souza, Vera Lucia de
;
Grün, Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
What has changed regarding personnel management in Brazil since the nomination of the concept of moral harassment ? The search of an answer to this question induced the development of this doctorate thesis, which the subject is moral harassment and its purpose being the qualification of this concept in the country and its objective the investigation of its impact in managerial practices in Brazilian organizations. The work supported on the hypothesis that this nomination, transforming individual complaint in organizational phenomenon has provoked changes in the perception of Brazilian society. Consequently, the study focused on the analysis of the sources of its qualification, in the logic of transformation from individual complaint into organizational phenomenon, in the dynamic practices qualified as moral harassment, in the presuppositions of manipulation, in instruments of contemporary corporate justice and in fundaments for evaluating workers. The results were obtained from the analysis of empirical material, collected from written and electronic communications sources, for the periods between 1983 and 2006. The analysis has proved that the most relevant impact of creating this legal notion, in the Brazilian organizational scope, was the escalation of public denunciation from the year 2000 onwards, seeking indemnification for the damage caused by these managerial practices.
Estudo biomecânico da marcha de mulheres idosas ultrapassando obstáculos: efeito da atividade física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Mochida, Lígia Yumi
;
Costa, Paula Hentschel Lobo da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083349298690934
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1952574558456677
It is known that practicing regular exercises promotes several benefits to elderly individuals. However, no studies have assessed the effects of activity on obstacle negotiation with this population. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the gait during obstacle negotiation of elderly women who were physically active and physically independent by means of the analysis of biomechanical variables to identify which adaptations are performed by each group when executing a more complex gait task. The sample was comprised of healthy elderly female subjects, in which ten were physically independent (PI) and the other ten were physically active (PA) for more than one year. Two biomechanical tools were utilized: kinematics and dynamometry. The volunteers performed two types of protocols at self-selected speed: unobstructed gait and obstructed gait. The obstacle was positioned in two different manners, one immediately before the force plate (P1) and the other just after the force plate (P2), so the authors could analyze the different phases of the lower limb (primary and secondary approach, and primary and secondary support) during the negotiation of an obstacle. Obstacle height was customized according to the volunteer s lower limb length, and the heights of 10, 20 and 30% were utilized from the verified measure. The order in which the volunteers performed the task was randomized, and each volunteer executed three valid trials to each experimental condition, with the total amount of 21 randomized trials. The analyzed variables were: stride length, toe and heel horizontal distances, toe and heel clearances, hip joint absolute angle, knee and ankle joints relative angles, first and second peak vertical forces, minimum vertical force, relative vertical impulse of the ground reaction force, and support time. The Friedman analysis of variance was applied to detect differences between the tasks, while the Mann-Whitney test was applied to indicate differences between the groups. Type-I Error was controlled with the significance level stipulated below 0.05 to both tests. The statistically significant results did not provide conclusions regarding the effect of physical activity on the gait during obstacle negotiation of elderly women. However, it was observed certain indications that physical activity promoted facilitation when negotiating the imposed perturbations. Perhaps, by analyzing other variables and higher obstacle heights, the differences between the groups may become more apparent.
Aspectos da favelização em Ribeirão Preto – SP: revelando vivências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Rosa, Lucelina Rosseti
;
Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208435983286140
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1543719742042885
This research approaches the urban issues causing a consideration about the way of life in cities in the present time, through a survey in Ribeirão Preto, countryside in São Paulo state. We focused the paper on investigating part of the process of slummy effect that expands in the outskirts of this city, having the object of analysis the “Favela da Coca-Cola Slum”. Putting our efforts to understand the reason why such social configuration expands, we screened one of the dwellers, its history and background. By having the guiding assumption relation/interaction between rural and urban, country and city, we found in the concepts of 'agrobusiness' and the 'country side metropolis' components to understand the historical social differences built by the developing of Ribeirão Preto. Thus, the slummy effect seems to be the tool to expose the devices found through social roles that seek to 'survive' in the urban spaces by developing their own ways to live in the city space.
A medição de desempenho na construção enxuta: estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Lorenzon, Itamar Aparecido
;
Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5097468258043445
Currently the civil construction sector in under several internal and external pressures, including financing crisis, lack of new public constructions and increasing quality requirements demanded by the client. This environment leaded the companies of this sector to search for new solutions by adopting new organizational and production management practices. Within the alternatives, the Lean Construction, a derivation from the Lean Production, appeared as a way to manage civil construction productivity by reducing the activities that do not add value, by increasing flexibility and by increasing the transparency of the process. This new form of organizing the production brings new concepts that require new forms to measure the performance. In this context, this thesis aims to empirically investigate, applying a qualitative approach and multiple case study, how the companies which implemented the Lean Construction are using the performance measures within this form of production organization and administration. The field research was carried through four civil construction companies which applied Lean Construction principles. The empirical evidences showed that the studied companies had not incorporated all Lean Construction principles, with some of those only starting to be assimilated. Nevertheless, these companies had to modify their performance measures, mainly by creating pointers that evaluated this new form to manage the production. This theses brings a contribution to the civil construction sector by analysing the current use level of Lean Construction principles and by indicating the needed changes on how performance pointers are measured to incorporate this new management way.
A ciência na Educação Infantil: uma análise a partir dos projetos e reflexões desenvolvidos por educadores infantis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Souza, Carolina Rodrigues de
;
Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8152101475247049
The current work (This present paper) aims to reflect how to think the natural sciences in the field of Child Education, since this science is related to a rigid knowledge corpus, structured and organized and the education in the childhood is associated to the child care perspective, also connected to looking after. To carry out this discussion we developed a approximation survey among with the child space, located in a child care institution EMEI, where we worked directly with all professionals in that institution who developed work projects focusing science. Following, we selected three out of them to participate in a confronting process and self-confronting. This method proposes a collection and analysis work from several perspectives, view that the descriptions and observations can bear different evolutions. This method also approaches the complexity of nature of the subjects' speech and actions and from these confrontations between subject versus researcher and among the subjects themselves, if seeks to provide reflections such as what I have done , what I should do and What I am going to do an brings more ethic and reliable data (Crindal Alain, 2005). With this propose we seek to analyze from projects and reflections developed by the child educators what science in child education means. Based upon the theoretical references discussed by the Psychology of Development and the Sociology of Childhood we found the pedagogical practices of those professionals and their respective conceptions about what a child is, to bear a childhood and the purpose of the child institution and the correlations among such theories, a back and forth movement of ideas (of preparing to) connected to the perspective of becoming and the social perspective of being today . Thus, we finish the paper outlining the importance of 'seeing' the child as a creator, capable to establish multiples relationships, a sociological-historical subject, builder of culture and within it, and by this perspective a work that values the science of child education, while life discovering, the world around child and not the science as a organized structure and structured, aiming an anticipation of schooling.
Efeito de diferentes modelos experimentais sobre a expressão gênica e a atividade de metaloproteases no músculo esquelético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-02)
Durigan, João Luiz Quagliotti
;
Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8295870661549352
Simulação do crescimento de filmes sobre metais. O caso voltamétrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-02)
Boscheto, Emerson Paulinho
;
D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3833998257213933
In this work the anodic film growth on metals has been studied, under voltammetric conditions by simulation. It was supposed that: a) the films are ultrathin, i.e., the concentration gradient contributions for the ionic transport throughout the film are much lower than those of the electric field; b) the ionic transport throughout the film obeys an ohmic model where the film ionic resistivity varies during the transient in response to the injection and recombination of recombinant point defects. A new interpretation was given for the Flade potential as a function of the point defect concentration during a voltammetry. The simulations were able to reproduce some behaviors observed experimentally in current density curves versus potential during a voltammetry, such as the peak current density increment and dislocation for more anodic potentials while the sweep rate increases. The simulations have also shown that the point defect concentration passes by a maximum and the resistivity by a minimum in the course of a voltammetry. As regards to the hypotheses assumed during the application of the ohmic model for experimental results the simulations corroborate one of them, namely, that the curves of current density against the potential corrected by the potential drop in the film fall in a single curve for all sweep rates, and do not confirm another, namely, that the potential of minimum of resistivity coincides with the potential of peak current density.
Estudo do efeito da adição de Au, Pd e Pt em catalisadores Cu/CeO2 aplicados à reação de deslocamento gás-água a baixa temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-02)
Silva, André Leopoldo Macêdo da
;
Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3703720998942113
Cu/CeO2 catalysts doped with Au, Pd or Pt (WGSR) were prepared and applied in water gas shift reaction. The CeO2 support was prepared by four different way: urea co-precipitation-gelation (CeO2-UGC), hydrothermal method (CeO2-HT), precipitation with NH4OH (CeO2-P) and Pechini method (CeO2-Pe). The CeO2-ZrO2 oxide was prepared by Pechini (CeO2-ZrO2-Pe). The Cu deposition was performed by deposition-precipitation on CeO2- UGC, CeO2-HT and CeO2-P (3, 5 or 10wt% Cu/CeO2) and by impregnation on CeO2-Pe and CeO2-ZrO2-Pe. The Au, Pd and Pt (0,2, 0,5 or 0,8wt%) deposition was made by deposition-precipitation. The supports and supported catalysts were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), BET specific surface area, X ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electronic transmission microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction with dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TPR-DXAS) and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The catalysts were tested in low-temperature water-gas shift reaction and the products were analyzed online by gas chromatography. The results showed that the addition of ZrO2 to CeO2 avoided the decrease of specific surface area of support. The CeO2-P support presented the higher specific surface area. The addition Au, Pd or Pt increased the activity of the catalysts with lower amount metal (< 3,0 wt%). In the catalysts with metal amount higher than 0,5 wt% only the Pd promoted catalysts showed the same or higher activity than copper catalysts. The bimetallic catalysts presented diverse behaviors. In the catalysts with Au the activity decreased with the increase of Au amount. On the other hand, the catalysts with Pd presented opposite performance, with the activity increasing when Pd amount increases. The Pt promoted catalysts do not showed activity changes with increase of Pt amount. The Pd showed the best performance among the materials tested as monometallic catalyst or as promoter in the copper catalysts.
O efeito Casimir dinâmico e decoerência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-03)
Céleri, Lucas Chibebe
;
Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6630683190018665
In this thesis we first demonstrate that the inevitable action of the environment can be substantially weakened when considering appropriate nonstationary quantum systems. Beyond protecting quantum states against decoherence, an oscillating frequency can be engineered to make the system-reservoir coupling almost negligible. Differently from the program for engineering reservoir and similarly to the schemes for dynamical decoupling of open quantum systems, our technique does not require a previous knowledge of the state to be protected. However, differently from the previously-reported schemes for dynamical decoupling, our technique does not rely on the availability of tailored external pulses acting faster than the shortest time scale accessible to the reservoir degree of freedom. We show, in the domain of cavity quantum electrodynamics, how to engineer such a nonstationary cavity mode through its dispersive interaction with a driven two-level atom. Next, we consider different aspects of the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) through the derivation of effective Hamiltonians which exhibit the essential features of the phenomenon. We start by investigating the dynamical Casimir effect in a nonideal cavity at finite temperature. We first compute a general expression for the average number of particle creation, applicable for any law of motion of the cavity boundary. We also compute a general expression for the linear entropy of an arbitrary state prepared in a selected mode, also applicable for any law of motion of the cavity boundary. As an application of our results we have analyzed both the average number of particle creation and linear entropy within a particular oscillatory motion of the cavity boundary. On the basis of these expressions we develop a comprehensive analysis of the resonances in the number of particle creation in the nonideal dynamical Casimir effect. We also demonstrate the occurrence of resonances in the loss of purity of the initial state and estimate the decoherence times associated with these resonances. We also consider the dynamical Casimir effect for a massless scalar field, under Dirichlet boundary conditions, between two concentric spherical shells. We obtain a general expression for vii the average number of particle creation, for an arbitrary law of radial motion of the spherical shells, using two distinct methods: by computing the density operator of the system and by calculating the Bogoliubov coefficients. We apply our general expression to breathing modes: when only one of the shells oscillates and when both shells oscillate in or out of phase. We also analyze the number of particle production and compare it with the results for the case of plane geometry. Finally, we analyze the action of the gravitational field on the dynamical Casimir effect. We consider a massless scalar field confined in a cuboid cavity placed in a gravitational field described by a static and diagonal metric. With one of the plane mirrors of the cavity allowed to move, we compute the average number of particles created inside the cavity by means of the Bogoliubov coefficients computed through perturbative expansions. We apply our result to the case of an oscillatory motion of the mirror, considering a weak gravitational field described by the Schwarzschild metric. The regime of parametric amplification is detailed analyzed, demonstrating that our computed result, for the mean number of particles created, is in agreement with associated particular cases in literature.
Macroinvertebrados em córregos de baixa ordem sob diferentes usos do solo no estado de São Paulo: subsídios para o biomonitoramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04)
Suriano, Marcia Thais
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/846575283652970
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7544344533006589
The environmental monitoring assesses the state of preservation of aquatic ecosystems, providing information for the development of strategies for management, conservation of natural areas and plans for recovery of degraded environments. This evaluation is performed through abiotic and biotic information, in particular the macroinvertebrates. This work focused on this biota to evaluate the environmental quality of low order streams in the State of Sao Paulo using two approaches: the community structure and the selection of multimetrics. The first approach presents the study of the taxonomic composition and the structure of functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates, and the second concerns the selection of metrics applied to this community to assess the integrity of lotic environments. We selected 29 streams of 1st and 2nd orders in different landscape and land uses, of which 15 streams are located in the following Conservation Units: Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Estação Ecológica de Caetetus, Parque Estadual Furnas do Bom Jesus, Parque Estadual de Vassununga, Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo e Parque Estadual de Intervales, and 14 are located in regions with sugar cane, eucalyptus and pasture monocultures. The environmental characterization followed the protocol proposed by the Project Biota/Fapesp and is detailed in Material and Methods. In each stream we delimited a segment of 100m and took six samples of benthic fauna using a Surber sampler. The identification was made until the lowest practical taxonomic level using keys for identification, original descriptions and help of experts when needed. For the first approach, the results showed differences in the taxonomic composition and structure of functional feeding groups among the streams and the areas with different land uses. In general, there was greater participation of Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Coleoptera in streams located in the Conservation Units and greater participation of Odonata, Diptera, Bivalvia and Gastropoda in streams located in impacted areas. The analyses of the functional feeding structure showed that the shredders were major participatants in areas with riparian vegetation including two streams located in eucalyptus monoculture. To assess the integrity of low order streams in the State of Sao Paulo we selected 51 metrics which were analyzed using the following criteria: i, predictable response to the anthropic impacts, ii, higher taxonomic resolution, iii, operational and theoretical simplicity. Eighteen metric were related to the environmental and spacial predictors used. Of these, eight metrics covered the selection criteria set and were potentially considered to integrate a multimetric system for evaluating low order streams of the State of Sao Paulo: taxonomic richness of family, total of richness Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, total density of specimens, percentage of Megaloptera and Hirudinea groups, percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera groups together, the Shannon diversity index for genera and the adapted BMWP index.
Análise qualitativa de um projeto com uma família de agricultores no assentamento rural Fazenda Pirituba II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04)
Carvalho, Carolina Delgado de
;
Ferraz, José Maria Gusman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0466296477808368
Agroecology emerges as a science in the 70´s of the 20th century. It criticizes convencional agriculture based on a paradigm that passes over social individual connected to natural resources management what brings up serious social and environmental consequences. It proposes an alternative to the subject division of positivist science and incorporates social and ecological view in the agricultural systems analysis. It has a pluri-epistemological nature and makes use of participative metodology with a perspective of dialetics research, breaking up with subject-object power structure of convencional science that says investigator is who knows and the individuals are objects to be analysed. This work tries to break up with this power relationship and to give voice to a family of agriculturists participating in a project developed by Incubadora Regional de Cooperativas Populares (INCOOP/UFSCar) in the Fazenda Pirituba II Rural Settlement. Its purpose is to analyse the agroecological transition this family is passing through and that this project is part of. For it qualitative research methods were used like participant observation, case study and oral life history. Institution disconnection, non-comprehension of the socialhistorical context, loss of global view and leaving off project seemed to be the main factors contributing to the project failure. We conclude that longer supported projects articulating governamental, non-governamental institutions actions and agriculturists supported by an efficient Agroecological Rural Extension public policy must contribute to generate sustainable and autonomous processes in the communities.