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A qualificação do conceito assédio moral no Brasil : implicações nas práticas de gerenciamento do capital humano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Souza, Vera Lucia de
;
Grün, Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
What has changed regarding personnel management in Brazil since the nomination of the concept of moral harassment ? The search of an answer to this question induced the development of this doctorate thesis, which the subject is moral harassment and its purpose being the qualification of this concept in the country and its objective the investigation of its impact in managerial practices in Brazilian organizations. The work supported on the hypothesis that this nomination, transforming individual complaint in organizational phenomenon has provoked changes in the perception of Brazilian society. Consequently, the study focused on the analysis of the sources of its qualification, in the logic of transformation from individual complaint into organizational phenomenon, in the dynamic practices qualified as moral harassment, in the presuppositions of manipulation, in instruments of contemporary corporate justice and in fundaments for evaluating workers. The results were obtained from the analysis of empirical material, collected from written and electronic communications sources, for the periods between 1983 and 2006. The analysis has proved that the most relevant impact of creating this legal notion, in the Brazilian organizational scope, was the escalation of public denunciation from the year 2000 onwards, seeking indemnification for the damage caused by these managerial practices.
Estudo biomecânico da marcha de mulheres idosas ultrapassando obstáculos: efeito da atividade física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Mochida, Lígia Yumi
;
Costa, Paula Hentschel Lobo da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083349298690934
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1952574558456677
It is known that practicing regular exercises promotes several benefits to elderly individuals. However, no studies have assessed the effects of activity on obstacle negotiation with this population. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the gait during obstacle negotiation of elderly women who were physically active and physically independent by means of the analysis of biomechanical variables to identify which adaptations are performed by each group when executing a more complex gait task. The sample was comprised of healthy elderly female subjects, in which ten were physically independent (PI) and the other ten were physically active (PA) for more than one year. Two biomechanical tools were utilized: kinematics and dynamometry. The volunteers performed two types of protocols at self-selected speed: unobstructed gait and obstructed gait. The obstacle was positioned in two different manners, one immediately before the force plate (P1) and the other just after the force plate (P2), so the authors could analyze the different phases of the lower limb (primary and secondary approach, and primary and secondary support) during the negotiation of an obstacle. Obstacle height was customized according to the volunteer s lower limb length, and the heights of 10, 20 and 30% were utilized from the verified measure. The order in which the volunteers performed the task was randomized, and each volunteer executed three valid trials to each experimental condition, with the total amount of 21 randomized trials. The analyzed variables were: stride length, toe and heel horizontal distances, toe and heel clearances, hip joint absolute angle, knee and ankle joints relative angles, first and second peak vertical forces, minimum vertical force, relative vertical impulse of the ground reaction force, and support time. The Friedman analysis of variance was applied to detect differences between the tasks, while the Mann-Whitney test was applied to indicate differences between the groups. Type-I Error was controlled with the significance level stipulated below 0.05 to both tests. The statistically significant results did not provide conclusions regarding the effect of physical activity on the gait during obstacle negotiation of elderly women. However, it was observed certain indications that physical activity promoted facilitation when negotiating the imposed perturbations. Perhaps, by analyzing other variables and higher obstacle heights, the differences between the groups may become more apparent.
Aspectos da favelização em Ribeirão Preto – SP: revelando vivências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Rosa, Lucelina Rosseti
;
Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208435983286140
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1543719742042885
This research approaches the urban issues causing a consideration about the way of life in cities in the present time, through a survey in Ribeirão Preto, countryside in São Paulo state. We focused the paper on investigating part of the process of slummy effect that expands in the outskirts of this city, having the object of analysis the “Favela da Coca-Cola Slum”. Putting our efforts to understand the reason why such social configuration expands, we screened one of the dwellers, its history and background. By having the guiding assumption relation/interaction between rural and urban, country and city, we found in the concepts of 'agrobusiness' and the 'country side metropolis' components to understand the historical social differences built by the developing of Ribeirão Preto. Thus, the slummy effect seems to be the tool to expose the devices found through social roles that seek to 'survive' in the urban spaces by developing their own ways to live in the city space.
A medição de desempenho na construção enxuta: estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Lorenzon, Itamar Aparecido
;
Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5097468258043445
Currently the civil construction sector in under several internal and external pressures, including financing crisis, lack of new public constructions and increasing quality requirements demanded by the client. This environment leaded the companies of this sector to search for new solutions by adopting new organizational and production management practices. Within the alternatives, the Lean Construction, a derivation from the Lean Production, appeared as a way to manage civil construction productivity by reducing the activities that do not add value, by increasing flexibility and by increasing the transparency of the process. This new form of organizing the production brings new concepts that require new forms to measure the performance. In this context, this thesis aims to empirically investigate, applying a qualitative approach and multiple case study, how the companies which implemented the Lean Construction are using the performance measures within this form of production organization and administration. The field research was carried through four civil construction companies which applied Lean Construction principles. The empirical evidences showed that the studied companies had not incorporated all Lean Construction principles, with some of those only starting to be assimilated. Nevertheless, these companies had to modify their performance measures, mainly by creating pointers that evaluated this new form to manage the production. This theses brings a contribution to the civil construction sector by analysing the current use level of Lean Construction principles and by indicating the needed changes on how performance pointers are measured to incorporate this new management way.
A ciência na Educação Infantil: uma análise a partir dos projetos e reflexões desenvolvidos por educadores infantis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-06-30)
Souza, Carolina Rodrigues de
;
Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8152101475247049
The current work (This present paper) aims to reflect how to think the natural sciences in the field of Child Education, since this science is related to a rigid knowledge corpus, structured and organized and the education in the childhood is associated to the child care perspective, also connected to looking after. To carry out this discussion we developed a approximation survey among with the child space, located in a child care institution EMEI, where we worked directly with all professionals in that institution who developed work projects focusing science. Following, we selected three out of them to participate in a confronting process and self-confronting. This method proposes a collection and analysis work from several perspectives, view that the descriptions and observations can bear different evolutions. This method also approaches the complexity of nature of the subjects' speech and actions and from these confrontations between subject versus researcher and among the subjects themselves, if seeks to provide reflections such as what I have done , what I should do and What I am going to do an brings more ethic and reliable data (Crindal Alain, 2005). With this propose we seek to analyze from projects and reflections developed by the child educators what science in child education means. Based upon the theoretical references discussed by the Psychology of Development and the Sociology of Childhood we found the pedagogical practices of those professionals and their respective conceptions about what a child is, to bear a childhood and the purpose of the child institution and the correlations among such theories, a back and forth movement of ideas (of preparing to) connected to the perspective of becoming and the social perspective of being today . Thus, we finish the paper outlining the importance of 'seeing' the child as a creator, capable to establish multiples relationships, a sociological-historical subject, builder of culture and within it, and by this perspective a work that values the science of child education, while life discovering, the world around child and not the science as a organized structure and structured, aiming an anticipation of schooling.
Efeito de diferentes modelos experimentais sobre a expressão gênica e a atividade de metaloproteases no músculo esquelético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-02)
Durigan, João Luiz Quagliotti
;
Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8295870661549352
Simulação do crescimento de filmes sobre metais. O caso voltamétrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-02)
Boscheto, Emerson Paulinho
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D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3833998257213933
In this work the anodic film growth on metals has been studied, under voltammetric conditions by simulation. It was supposed that: a) the films are ultrathin, i.e., the concentration gradient contributions for the ionic transport throughout the film are much lower than those of the electric field; b) the ionic transport throughout the film obeys an ohmic model where the film ionic resistivity varies during the transient in response to the injection and recombination of recombinant point defects. A new interpretation was given for the Flade potential as a function of the point defect concentration during a voltammetry. The simulations were able to reproduce some behaviors observed experimentally in current density curves versus potential during a voltammetry, such as the peak current density increment and dislocation for more anodic potentials while the sweep rate increases. The simulations have also shown that the point defect concentration passes by a maximum and the resistivity by a minimum in the course of a voltammetry. As regards to the hypotheses assumed during the application of the ohmic model for experimental results the simulations corroborate one of them, namely, that the curves of current density against the potential corrected by the potential drop in the film fall in a single curve for all sweep rates, and do not confirm another, namely, that the potential of minimum of resistivity coincides with the potential of peak current density.
Estudo do efeito da adição de Au, Pd e Pt em catalisadores Cu/CeO2 aplicados à reação de deslocamento gás-água a baixa temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-02)
Silva, André Leopoldo Macêdo da
;
Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3703720998942113
Cu/CeO2 catalysts doped with Au, Pd or Pt (WGSR) were prepared and applied in water gas shift reaction. The CeO2 support was prepared by four different way: urea co-precipitation-gelation (CeO2-UGC), hydrothermal method (CeO2-HT), precipitation with NH4OH (CeO2-P) and Pechini method (CeO2-Pe). The CeO2-ZrO2 oxide was prepared by Pechini (CeO2-ZrO2-Pe). The Cu deposition was performed by deposition-precipitation on CeO2- UGC, CeO2-HT and CeO2-P (3, 5 or 10wt% Cu/CeO2) and by impregnation on CeO2-Pe and CeO2-ZrO2-Pe. The Au, Pd and Pt (0,2, 0,5 or 0,8wt%) deposition was made by deposition-precipitation. The supports and supported catalysts were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), BET specific surface area, X ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electronic transmission microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction with dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TPR-DXAS) and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The catalysts were tested in low-temperature water-gas shift reaction and the products were analyzed online by gas chromatography. The results showed that the addition of ZrO2 to CeO2 avoided the decrease of specific surface area of support. The CeO2-P support presented the higher specific surface area. The addition Au, Pd or Pt increased the activity of the catalysts with lower amount metal (< 3,0 wt%). In the catalysts with metal amount higher than 0,5 wt% only the Pd promoted catalysts showed the same or higher activity than copper catalysts. The bimetallic catalysts presented diverse behaviors. In the catalysts with Au the activity decreased with the increase of Au amount. On the other hand, the catalysts with Pd presented opposite performance, with the activity increasing when Pd amount increases. The Pt promoted catalysts do not showed activity changes with increase of Pt amount. The Pd showed the best performance among the materials tested as monometallic catalyst or as promoter in the copper catalysts.
O efeito Casimir dinâmico e decoerência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-03)
Céleri, Lucas Chibebe
;
Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6630683190018665
In this thesis we first demonstrate that the inevitable action of the environment can be substantially weakened when considering appropriate nonstationary quantum systems. Beyond protecting quantum states against decoherence, an oscillating frequency can be engineered to make the system-reservoir coupling almost negligible. Differently from the program for engineering reservoir and similarly to the schemes for dynamical decoupling of open quantum systems, our technique does not require a previous knowledge of the state to be protected. However, differently from the previously-reported schemes for dynamical decoupling, our technique does not rely on the availability of tailored external pulses acting faster than the shortest time scale accessible to the reservoir degree of freedom. We show, in the domain of cavity quantum electrodynamics, how to engineer such a nonstationary cavity mode through its dispersive interaction with a driven two-level atom. Next, we consider different aspects of the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) through the derivation of effective Hamiltonians which exhibit the essential features of the phenomenon. We start by investigating the dynamical Casimir effect in a nonideal cavity at finite temperature. We first compute a general expression for the average number of particle creation, applicable for any law of motion of the cavity boundary. We also compute a general expression for the linear entropy of an arbitrary state prepared in a selected mode, also applicable for any law of motion of the cavity boundary. As an application of our results we have analyzed both the average number of particle creation and linear entropy within a particular oscillatory motion of the cavity boundary. On the basis of these expressions we develop a comprehensive analysis of the resonances in the number of particle creation in the nonideal dynamical Casimir effect. We also demonstrate the occurrence of resonances in the loss of purity of the initial state and estimate the decoherence times associated with these resonances. We also consider the dynamical Casimir effect for a massless scalar field, under Dirichlet boundary conditions, between two concentric spherical shells. We obtain a general expression for vii the average number of particle creation, for an arbitrary law of radial motion of the spherical shells, using two distinct methods: by computing the density operator of the system and by calculating the Bogoliubov coefficients. We apply our general expression to breathing modes: when only one of the shells oscillates and when both shells oscillate in or out of phase. We also analyze the number of particle production and compare it with the results for the case of plane geometry. Finally, we analyze the action of the gravitational field on the dynamical Casimir effect. We consider a massless scalar field confined in a cuboid cavity placed in a gravitational field described by a static and diagonal metric. With one of the plane mirrors of the cavity allowed to move, we compute the average number of particles created inside the cavity by means of the Bogoliubov coefficients computed through perturbative expansions. We apply our result to the case of an oscillatory motion of the mirror, considering a weak gravitational field described by the Schwarzschild metric. The regime of parametric amplification is detailed analyzed, demonstrating that our computed result, for the mean number of particles created, is in agreement with associated particular cases in literature.
Macroinvertebrados em córregos de baixa ordem sob diferentes usos do solo no estado de São Paulo: subsídios para o biomonitoramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04)
Suriano, Marcia Thais
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/846575283652970
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7544344533006589
The environmental monitoring assesses the state of preservation of aquatic ecosystems, providing information for the development of strategies for management, conservation of natural areas and plans for recovery of degraded environments. This evaluation is performed through abiotic and biotic information, in particular the macroinvertebrates. This work focused on this biota to evaluate the environmental quality of low order streams in the State of Sao Paulo using two approaches: the community structure and the selection of multimetrics. The first approach presents the study of the taxonomic composition and the structure of functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates, and the second concerns the selection of metrics applied to this community to assess the integrity of lotic environments. We selected 29 streams of 1st and 2nd orders in different landscape and land uses, of which 15 streams are located in the following Conservation Units: Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Estação Ecológica de Caetetus, Parque Estadual Furnas do Bom Jesus, Parque Estadual de Vassununga, Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo e Parque Estadual de Intervales, and 14 are located in regions with sugar cane, eucalyptus and pasture monocultures. The environmental characterization followed the protocol proposed by the Project Biota/Fapesp and is detailed in Material and Methods. In each stream we delimited a segment of 100m and took six samples of benthic fauna using a Surber sampler. The identification was made until the lowest practical taxonomic level using keys for identification, original descriptions and help of experts when needed. For the first approach, the results showed differences in the taxonomic composition and structure of functional feeding groups among the streams and the areas with different land uses. In general, there was greater participation of Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Coleoptera in streams located in the Conservation Units and greater participation of Odonata, Diptera, Bivalvia and Gastropoda in streams located in impacted areas. The analyses of the functional feeding structure showed that the shredders were major participatants in areas with riparian vegetation including two streams located in eucalyptus monoculture. To assess the integrity of low order streams in the State of Sao Paulo we selected 51 metrics which were analyzed using the following criteria: i, predictable response to the anthropic impacts, ii, higher taxonomic resolution, iii, operational and theoretical simplicity. Eighteen metric were related to the environmental and spacial predictors used. Of these, eight metrics covered the selection criteria set and were potentially considered to integrate a multimetric system for evaluating low order streams of the State of Sao Paulo: taxonomic richness of family, total of richness Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, total density of specimens, percentage of Megaloptera and Hirudinea groups, percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera groups together, the Shannon diversity index for genera and the adapted BMWP index.
Análise qualitativa de um projeto com uma família de agricultores no assentamento rural Fazenda Pirituba II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04)
Carvalho, Carolina Delgado de
;
Ferraz, José Maria Gusman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0466296477808368
Agroecology emerges as a science in the 70´s of the 20th century. It criticizes convencional agriculture based on a paradigm that passes over social individual connected to natural resources management what brings up serious social and environmental consequences. It proposes an alternative to the subject division of positivist science and incorporates social and ecological view in the agricultural systems analysis. It has a pluri-epistemological nature and makes use of participative metodology with a perspective of dialetics research, breaking up with subject-object power structure of convencional science that says investigator is who knows and the individuals are objects to be analysed. This work tries to break up with this power relationship and to give voice to a family of agriculturists participating in a project developed by Incubadora Regional de Cooperativas Populares (INCOOP/UFSCar) in the Fazenda Pirituba II Rural Settlement. Its purpose is to analyse the agroecological transition this family is passing through and that this project is part of. For it qualitative research methods were used like participant observation, case study and oral life history. Institution disconnection, non-comprehension of the socialhistorical context, loss of global view and leaving off project seemed to be the main factors contributing to the project failure. We conclude that longer supported projects articulating governamental, non-governamental institutions actions and agriculturists supported by an efficient Agroecological Rural Extension public policy must contribute to generate sustainable and autonomous processes in the communities.
Aspectos fisioecológicos de Astyanax fasciatus e Pimelodus maculatus (teleósteos) do reservatório da UHE de Furnas, MG: avaliação morfofuncional das brânquias e variáveis hematológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04)
Henrique, Helen Sadauskas
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1910990054248099
The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphofunctional structure of the gills and the hematological variables of Astyanax fasciatus and Pimelodus maculatus living on Furnas Dam Reservoir (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) and analyses the influence of water quality on these parameters. The fishes were collected in five sites (FU10: Turvo; FU20: Guapé; FU30: Barranco Alto; FU40: Fama and FU50: Porto Fernandes) during June and December/2006. Physico-chemical variables and organochlorides content of the water and heavy metals on the sediment were performed. Gills and blood samples were taken for check inquire of the composition of the water on the presence of histopathologys and differentiation of chloride and mucous cells and differences on the hematological variables of the fishes collected on the different sites. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, epithelial lifting, oedema and chloride cells proliferation were the most common histopathological damages observed on the gills for both species. The histopathological alteration index of the gills indicates some degree of lesions that engage the normal function of the organ in A. fasciatus collected in June. Heavy metals, as copper seems to promote alterations on the red blood cells for both fishes during the sampling. While, some pollutants as endosulfan, metolachloride, copper and chromium seems to causes a stimulation of the immune system of the fishes; this effect was most common on the fishes collected in the sites: FU10, FU20 and FU30. The condition factor (K and Kn) of the fishes has been affected by the presence of chromium on the sediment, especially in the site FU30 during the two months. Over all, these results indicates that the water quality in June and December (2006) of Furnas Dam reservoir could promote physiological and morphological alterations on the gills fishes to maintain the homeostase.
Análise da gestão de cooperativas rurais tradicionais e populares : estudo de casos na Cocamar e Copavi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04)
Chiariello, Caio Luis
;
Eid, Farid
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6858881569501075
Led back to the center of the politician debate since 1970 s, the liberal speech affirms that the economic development proportionated by the global market is enough to solve workers unemployment. In this context, liberals defend that the association of workers in cooperatives is functional to the capitalism, brightening up social effects of the cyclical crises of production, losing its function when of the increase of the production, and soon of the job. So, cooperatives would appropriate of the technical instruments of management from typically capitalist companies and would evolve to become capital valuation spaces. In the Brazilian case, this conception bases the theoretical reflection about the necessity of the traditional agricultural cooperatives to seem its management in the great participant companies of the agribusiness, adhering to the postulates of economic rationality, searching for profit. This text presents the case study on a traditional agricultural cooperative with this profile, the Cooperative COCAMAR, identificated with capital companies. On the other hand, in Brazil, since 1990 s, many workers started organizing themselves democratically in solidary economic enterprises. They ve searched for job and struggled with unemployment, intending the continuity of their activities, subordinating the economic rationality to the social rationality. Popular cooperatives are some of these enterprises, originated from social movements of resistance, worried in offering better conditions of life to the associates. One of the main challenges of these popular cooperatives is the adoption of management tools that make possible greater effectiveness in the production and permit their permanence in the market, but not compromising its solidary principles. This text also presents a case study done on the Cooperative - COPAVI, each was founded by no land workers of MST. Through the empirical inquiry, we ve analyzed some management elements: the collective property of the land and the means of production; the access to the credit under differentiated conditions; the search for an effective internal democracy and organization of work under the self management, taken as fundamental to COPAVI exerts its activities into the capitalism, but not omitting its solidary principles and its character of social movement.
Descentralização e gestão participativa dos recursos hídricos: dois estudos de caso em bacias hidrográficas do médio Tietê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-07)
Miranda, Cristiani Olga
;
Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho
Abstract This work had as objective the analysis of the ways and the dynamic of civil society participation on the water resources management in the State of São Paulo. Advocated on the state legislation that established the Water Resources Management Integrated System, the participation of civil society organized entities is considered one of the main fundaments of water resources state policy and system, created by the law 7663/91, that are explicit oriented by a model of integrated, decentralized and participative management of the water. The bases of the management system are the hydrographical basin committees: deliberative commissions with three kinds of representation, with equal participation of state government, local prefectures and organized civil society of the region. The water resources management in the State of São Paulo can be seen as a propelling focus of changes in the public administration, because this sector organization advances in the direction of a participative democracy, articulating governments and civil society in more transparent decision structures, representing the different interests, searching to guarantee the conflicts regulation and the governance of complex aspects of the actual socioenvironmental dynamic. In the actual model of the water resources institutional organization, the participation is understood as an instrument to make feasible and legitimize the intervenient public policies. However, it s possible that the effective participation of civil society is merely punctual and restricted, because it depends of the decentralized actions of regulation in the scope of each committee and other favorable conditions. Based on interviews, bibliographical, documental and field research, combined with the accompaniment of the actuation of Piracicaba/Capivari/Jundiaí and Tietê/Jacaré Basin Committees, it was intended to characterize the civil society participation on these forums, analyzing the main actors involved, its ways and channels of action. On this perspective, the results suggests important institutional innovations on environmental public policies, but indicates that the participative process don t exclude the imbalance of institutional forces and arrangement, which can undermine the participative democracy principle on the Hydrographical Basins Committees.
Estudo das propriedades reológicas de nanocompósitos para a produção de filmes tubulares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-08)
Beatrice, Cesar Augusto Gonçalves
;
Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6023179925944867
In this work, the use of rheological measurements in substitution or complementation to methods normally employed in the characterization of nanocomposites, such as X-ray diffraction (WAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), was evaluated. Two polymeric matrices with different chemical structures and polarities and two organophilic nanoclays modified with organic surfactants, which were compatible with the respective polymer matrix, were used. Thus, polyamide 6 (PA6) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites were obtained by melt mixing and blown as films. WAXS measurements showed intercalated structures in the HDPE nanocomposites and exfoliated structures in the PA6 nanocomposites. Shear oscillatory rheological experiments were done to evaluate the clay dispersion and distribution in the polymer matrices, which indicated the presence of a poor dispersion in the HDPE nanocomposites, differently of the PA6 nanocomposites. Shear steady and transient rheological measurements indicated that higher interactions between PA6 and the nanoclay modified with a polar surfactant and inside the EVA masterbatches occurred. From the rheological, morphological, mechanical and transport analysis it was found that the addition of clay modified the interfacial interactions between HDPE and EVA, increasing the system compatibility. In both systems, there was an increase in elastic modulus, yielding and rupture behaviors and barrier properties. In conclusion, the rheological characterization of nanocomposites provides further information about the nanoclay dispersion and distribution in the polymer matrix, in addition to quantify the interactions between the components. However, it can not substitute the usual methods of characterization of the nanocomposites, such as WAXS and TEM.
Desenvolvimento de painel pré-fabricado em alvenaria protendida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-08)
Souza, Paulo Roberto Amaral
;
Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
This research aims the development of a clay block post-tensioned masonry façade panels, as a new alternative building process. This process provides technical and economic advantages when compared to other process in the market. It presented an analysis of the design of the wall and the process of execution of this type of panels for its use as spandrel panels. Initially the technology of prestressed structural masonry and the systems of precast panels façade are presented to establish the concepts and basic guidelines for the development of this research. The proposed panels building process were tested experimentally with the production of three prototypes, designed for their use as horizontal façade panels. Tests were performed in which the panels were supported at the ends with its self weight and additional mid-span load applied simulating the action of horizontal out-of-plane loading in façades. The experimental tests indicate that the post-tensioned masonry panels have excellent structural behaviour, carrying more load then those estimated in the theoretical analysis, thus proving the full viability of execution and use of this type of panel.
Caracterização genética de populações de jaú (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) utilizando marcadores moleculares mitocondriais e nucleares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-08)
Avila, Mauricio Carrillo
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3722377660974573
The genus Zungaro known as jaú, is composed by two species distributed along the rivers of South America: Zungaro jahu is found further south in the basin of the Paraná-Paraguay whereas Zungaro zungaro is found further north in the basin of the rivers Amazon and Orinoco. However, in the literature the classification and distribution of each of those species is still unclear and the basic information on the biology and natural history is scarce. In Brazil the jaú is listed as one of endangered species, over-exploited or threatened by overexploitation; however, the regulations fail to protect the jaú because they have mistakenly identified it as Zungaro zungaro. In Colombia, according to the freshwater species Red Book, the Zungaro zungaro has been declared endangered. Considering the limited information on the population genetics of these fish, the purpose of this study was to obtain the genetic characterization of the jaú population through mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers. This purpose includes the following research questions: 1- Given the uncertainties encountered in the taxonomic genus Zungaro, is this group composed by two species, or are they two different populations? 2- Considering the jaú´s big size and the fact that they migrate long distances, would than mean that there is a population structure? and 3- The jaú´s endangered condition, its habitat´s changes and overfishing, could be responsible for a reduction of the genetic variation of these catfishes? In order to conduct the characterization we used molecular markers such as the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, the nuclear gene RAG (Recombination Activation Gene) and the nuclear gene coding for ribosomal protein S7. Additionally, a total of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci capable of producing a considerable genetic variation was prospected. The population analysis of the genus Zungaro with mitochondrial and nuclear markers indicated the existence of a population structure among the individuals sampled. This result is due mainly to the differences between the populations of Pantanal - Paraná and the populations of Meta and Amazon; this finding supports the separation of these species. It was also found that these populations share a central haplotype, indicating a genetic cohesion in the genus, where the populations of Meta-Amazon had a greater number of derived haplotypes suggesting a possible population expansion. The occurrence of a unique and central haplotype to the populations of Pantanal- Parana from which the haplotypes of Meta and the Amazon are derived, when the gene RAG was used, would support the idea that these populations would be the center of dispersion and they would retain the ancestral haplotype. Regarding the prospected microsatellite loci, the results indicated they were efficient in the amplification and verification of polymorphism in Zungaro jahu, and were effective in heterologous amplification of other species of the Pimelodidae family. Statistical analyses on the microsatellites loci showed evidence of a single population of the Z jahu specie inhabiting the north and south Pantanal. In contrast, the two Z zungaro populations studied (the Meta River, basin of the Orinoco and the Amazon River) shown to be significantly different, indicating a population structure. In spite of the jaú being an endangered species, the results of the genetic variation showed values comparable to other species of fish. These results open the possibility of developing clear management programs specifically directed to each of these populations, seeking the protection and recovery of individual fish stocks.
Fração de filme líquido nas paredes de um lavador Venturi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-10)
Daher, Maristela de Almeida Felício
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Coury, José Renato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4502024143494992
The study of the liquid film in the walls of a Venturi scrubber was chosen as the target of this work for representing one of the important phenomena that influence the collection efficiency of the equipment. Such efficiency decreases with the presence of the film once it has a superficial area per volume much smaller than the drops and, consequently, contributes very little in the removal of particles. Furthermore, the pressure drop on the Venturi depends on the energy spent to accelerate the drops and also of the attrition between the gas and the surface of the film. These two important parameters depend on the liquid fraction in the form of film. For these reasons, it is important for the project of Venturi scrubbers the quantification of the film fraction. The present work, therefore, carried out an experimental investigation of the effects that the liquid injection through multiple jets exerted in the formation of the liquid film in a Venturi scrubber of rectangular cross section. The behavior of the fraction of liquid film in each wall separately and of the total fraction of liquid film extracted were analyzed, varying the liquid flow rate from 0,3 to 1,2 l/min for gas velocities of 59, 64, 69 and 74 m/s. Throat lengths of 100, 160 and 220 mm were utilized. The results showed that the film fraction varies with the gas velocity, with the configuration of the liquid injection, with the liquid flow rate and with the axial distances along the throat. The analysis of the film extraction in the individual walls follows an asymmetric behavior in all operational conditions, showing a larger film deposition in the inferior wall independently of the injection configuration, thus indicating the effect of the gravity in the film deposition. Hence, the total fraction of liquid extracted from the four walls of the scrubber made possible a more satisfactory interpretation of the results. Within the experimental range investigated, the injection through four orifices at the gas velocity of 74 m/s at the higher liquid flow rates presented the smaller deposition of liquid in the scrubber walls. It was also evident that the deposition is dependent on the penetration of the jet: low penetrations tend to deposit in the jet injection wall while high penetrations deposit in the opposite wall. There is, therefore, a point of minimum deposition for the intermediate penetration of the jet. The best operational conditions, i.e. the smallest film fraction deposited in the walls, was obtained for the largest gas velocity and for the liquid being injected simultaneously through the four walls.
Inteligência computacional aplicada à automação de biorreator para produção de Penicilina G Acilase (PGA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-11)
Fernandes, Pedro Luiz
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6037526193877152
Biotechnology has presented, in the last years, a rapidly growing development. New biotechnological industrial processes are constantly introduced using different microorganisms and/or enzymes. In this context, the application of process control and optimization techniques has become a need for biotechnological based industry. A technological approach was developed in this dissertation to bioreactor monitoring and control operating in fed-batch model to produce the penicillin enzyme G acilase (PGA) by means of wild cepa of the microorganism Bacillus megaterium. This enzyme is of great industrial importance, being used in the manufacture of semi-synthetic β-lactamic antibiotics. This case study presents the main difficulties faced in the control of biological processes in general: the variability of kinetic parameters and the limited availability of on-line information. In order overcome these difficulties, a unconventional architecture was proposed for a dynamic and adaptive controller using filters, some of them developed in this work, and applying Computational Intelligence (CI) methodologies both in direct and hybrid form. The inference for the microbial concentration (Cx) state variable, a very relevant objective for the logic of the controller, was performed by a softsensor that had as input the filtered values of the sensors signals of the molar fractions of CO2 (yco2) and O2 (yo2) in the effluent gases, of the air feeding flow and of agitation velocity. The respiratory quotient (RQ), calculated from these data, was also used by the algorithms of the software developed here. For the Cx inference, the softsensor employed a hybrid intelligent system (HIS) composed by a neural networks ensemble (RNE) and a fuzzy rule based system (FRBS). These techniques were structured to complement each other such that the RNE infers the microbial concentration (Cx) capturing real-time process data (empirical knowledge) and the FRBS corrects this inferred value using phenomenological based knowledge. The obtained results demonstrated a more robust inference by using this architecture, even supporting some degree of extrapolation. Another important operational parameter is the definition of the initial and final instants of feeding flow of supplemental. In order to meet this goal, a logic was employed that is able to accurately predict this moments, using the CO2 (yco2) molar fraction signal, filters and adaptive fuzzy sets.
A geratividade do comportamento verbal : divergências entre as propostas de B. F. Skinner e N. Chomsky
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-14)
Bandini, Carmen Silvia Motta
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
One of the most interesting questions in the study of the language is its original character. Any philosophy or science that tries to explain language must account for this peculiar characteristic. Radical Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner and the theory of Generative-Transformational Grammar of N. Chomsky were very important sources of explanation of language phenomena during the 20th Century. Chomsky was one of the most famous critics of Skinnerian behaviorism. His review of Skinner s Verbal Behavior was probably more known around the world than Skinner s original book. In this review, Chomsky asserts that the operant model can not explain the original character of language. However, recent works have shown that Skinner tries to consider this characteristic when he talks about language. Within this context, the present dissertation intended to investigate Skinner s treatment of the creative processes of verbal behavior, set against Chomsky's theory. This work also tried to search the conceptual categories used by Chomsky to criticize Skinner and use this conceptual categories to improve the analysis of Skinner s text. In addition, this dissertation also attempted an internal analysis of Skinnerian concepts involved in the explanation of verbal behavior, as well as an assessment of the truth or falseness of Chomsky s critical work. We found three conceptual categories used by Chomsky in his Review of Skinner s Verbal Behavior. The survey of such categories allowed a fruitful analysis of Skinnerian account of the generative character of verbal behavior. It is argued that Chomsky committed many conceptual mistakes in his Review and because of these mistakes his work cannot prove that Skinnerian analysis of verbal generativity is impracticable. It is also argued that Skinnerian theory about verbal (and not verbal) generativity does not seem to be in any contradiction to the philosophy of science that Skinner adopts. We then conclude that, from the theoretical standpoint, the behaviorist explanation of verbal behavior and its generativity can configure an useful model.