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O erro corrigível e a ilusão inevitável na Crítica da Razão Pura de Kant
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-13) Dutra, Elias Sergio; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6964560647390588
The purpose of this work is to examine the problem of error and transcendental illusion in Kant s Critique of Pure Reason as two correlate, but sharply distinct aspects of his critique on dogmatic metaphysics. Following Kant s indications, we analyze his paradoxical doctrine that error is avoidable even if its positive source, transcendental illusion, is considered natural and inherent to human reason. Accordingly, we first analyze the status of error as a property of judgments in general Kant s thesis is that error can be explained in terms of a double influence that, if unnoticed, deviates the judgment from truth: imagination and sensibility. Under each of these influences, the human understanding helds merely subjective for objective principles of knowledge, thereby attaining error instead of true cognition. Secondly, applying this general analysis of error to one specific case, we focus our analyze on the issue of transcendental illusion involved in the transcendental idea of God In this particular case, we try to show how the legitimate demand of reason for a complete explanation (underlying the concept of God as an ens realissimum) allows room for a dialectic illusion, which holds that this concept of reason for a necessarily real and existing being. Finally, we try to point out the positive contribution to metaphysics which arises from Kant s distinction between judgmental error and transcendental illusion.
Análise de estruturas de rede neocognitron para aplicação no reconhecimento facial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-13) Santana, Cristiane Oliveira de; Saito, José Hiroki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850109313490132
The present work consists in the use of the combination of neocognitron networks for the face recognition tasks integrating a system of face recognition, categorized as holistic method, by the fact of to approach all the face in the extration of the characteristics of the input image. The use of the face as biometric attribute in the recognition of individuous has grown mainly to its characteristic that dispense their cooperation for analysis. The great challenges in the area of face recognition are about the application in non-controlled environments in which the variation of illumination and pose can decrease the performance of the system. In order to work the challenges (variation of illumination and distortion in the patterns) it was used frontals images of CMU-PIE (University Carnegie Mellon - Pose, Illumination and Expression) database using the advantage of illumination and expression variations. The neural network model applied in the work is the neocognitron network that is capable to recognize patterns without its capacity of recognition been affected by deformations, changes in the size or position, of the input pattern. With the goal of to get the structure more adjusted of the neocognitron for the face recognition task, inside of a set of structures, it was analyzed some structures of neocognitron network with one output class and with different images resolutions. The best result corresponds to a recognition rate of 78% for a set with 30 classes with thirty and six patterns each one in the recognition phase. To improve the results it was applied combination of classifiers using: Decision Templates and the Modified Decision Templates method developed in this work. The performance of the classifiers was analyzed through the error estimation using the hold-out method and the Kappa coefficient. The final results pointed that the combination of classifiers applied to this model did not result in significant improvements due the inherent characteristics of the applied model.