Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-09-03"

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    Inclusão e aprendizagem do aluno com deficiência mental: expectativas dos professores
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-03)
    Sousa, Sônia Bertoni
    ;
    Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5227136685437982
    This research treats of the questions which more specifically result from the area of special education. However to discuss and permeate an amplified context of education, the world and society. This research has as its objective to analyze the expectations demonstrated by teachers from the common class room and of the specialized educational service of the public municipal network of Uberlândia/MG which has students with mental deficiencies (DM), in relation to learning the content proposed by the school and the inclusion of these students in the regular school framework. So as to attend the proposed objective an analytical-critical field survey was carried out. Questionnaires which contained open, closed and mixed questions were applied to the teachers, participants in the study. Seventy six (76) questionnaires from teachers from common class room were analyzed (PSC) and fifty five (55) questionnaires from teachers from specialized educational attention (PAEE). This corresponds to respectively 36.01% and 67.90% of the total population. For data analysis the percentage of answers presented by the respondents was analyzed as well as analyzing the content expressed in same. For a statistic analysis the chi-square-test (X²) was used for proportions which were expected to be unequal between the different populations object of the research (PAEE and PSC) and the chi-square-test (X²) for proportions which were expected to be equal among the same population. For the analysis of the data the answers were grouped together starting from the pre-definition of analysis categories and the qualitative interpretation of the collected data was made using the logic of separation and approach relating to the object under study while using the hermeneutical-dialectical analysis of reality. The principal results show that the expectations manifested by the teachers are that the students from the DM socialize and lean the school content; they also are in agreement that these pupils be included in a common class room provided that there be as much structural and economical changes as those of a behavioral nature and especially political. Also what prevailed in a hegemonic form for the two groups of teachers was that the social function of the school is to propitiate systematized knowledge, forming conscious, critical, autonomous citizens who are agents of necessary transformations so that there will be a better, fairer and equalitarian world. From the manner in which the conclusion was made one can affirm, that the functions which are attributed to the school in inclusive education and the expectations of the teachers are still incompatible with the practice of public education in vogue, as the schools continue to use structures of an organizational model type which intends to treat all as equal. But, in the face of an objective lack of structure and material resources, associated with a lack in amplification and incorporation, in fact, of a scientific and social-political reflection as to the nature of inclusion, there is an absence of effective conditions for this process to become concrete as a daily teaching policy practice in the school reality. Only from a resignification of the education concept in public schools and consequently of the construction of the necessary basis for the transformation of the present school organization, in that which refers to functioning structure, to knowledge, to time and to school area, will it be possible to advance and attend to the expectations of the teachers in regards to the student who has a mental deficiency and the adoption of a public policy which is effectively inclusive.
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    Diálogo do imponderável: cinco ensaios sobre o objeto psicológico a partir da filosofia da mente
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-03)
    Xavier, César Rey
    ;
    Teixeira, João de Fernandes
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8864985279295912
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3089810988505514
    It is well known by all those who study psychology that an undisguisable difficulty shows up whenever its object of study is called upon. Of all epistemological problems that a science may face, a fragmented definition of its object is certainly the hardest to deal with. This is the cornerstone of the statute of psychology. No matter what explanation shows up to justify such fragmented state, the fact is that the different research communities, known as schools , don t share the same basic notions to form a concept of what they re studying. We understand basic notions as models that precede the object s own definition. In the lack of a model for the psychological object that is wide enough to place the orbits of these schools around a cohesive axis, each one of them elects their own conception of their object of study, which will be consider as psychology s minor objects . If a science is capable of such diversity within its corpus, to the point of making any attempt of unity of its parts a difficult task, for sure there must be a characteristic that makes it sui generis. Such characteristic may only be understood within the nature of the object itself, whose phenomenology may be qualified as double-faced , sometimes describing physical properties (belonging to the field of the nature sciences ), sometimes circumscribing abstract properties (belonging to the field of the spirit sciences ). That s what we call imponderable , for such versatility, intrinsic to the psychological object, also translates its paradoxical character. Throughout this thesis, it will be demonstrated, based upon this character, the intimate dependency of psychology in respect to mind philosophy, for an epistemological solution of the first goes through the mind-body problem of the latter. Carefully examining certain lines of the works of four great thinkers, namely, R. Descartes, G. Ryle, S. Freud and C. G. Jung, this philosophical problem becomes evident under different expressions, something that, even though there are differences among them, points to a common link, that can also be pointing to a possible wider model to the psychological object, that coincides with what this thesis considers to be psychology s major object . To such a hypothetical model, the following work offers the term hybrid to elucidate it, using, for such, an intertwined historical and epistemological reflection, leading to a phenomenological hermeneutics.
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    Costurando certo por linhas tortas: um estudo das práticas femininas no interior de igrejas pentecostais
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-04)
    Bandini, Claudirene Aparecida de Paula
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    Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
    The present work aims to analyze women practices that seek to change their social conditions and achieve new status within social conventions. Through relational and historical analysis of gender, the object of this study is to detect to what extent these women practices break the current patriarchal system and to what extent they reproduce it. Working through oral history methodology, this research tries to identify the circumstances and power mechanisms that they utilize to fight racial, class, age and gender social discrimination. In a specific cultural, historical context, this study raises some points to ponder in order to understand on the one hand, the effective decision power that they exert and identify space and social status that they have conquered throughout time and, on the other hand, the religious discourse power upon the legitimation of gender power subordination relations.
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    Presença de dados missing em modelos de regressão logística
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-05)
    Ferreira, Natália Manduca
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    Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2557890621383548
    In this work we present a detailed study of the logistic regression model with missing data in the independent variables. Several techniques are considered such as Complete Case, Mean Imputation and Corrected Complete Case. We present a new estimator, denoted EMVGM, given by the combination between the Complete Case estimator and the ML-estimator with the use of Gaussian quadrature. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the ML-estimators obtained in each technique above mentioned. In general, the alternative estimador, EMVGM, presents a better performance taking into account the variance, the bias and the mean quadratic error.
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    Desempenho de filtros cerâmicos na filtração de gases a altas temperaturas
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-05)
    Silva, Gracinda Marina Castelo da
    ;
    Coury, José Renato
    The creation of rigorous emission and air pollution control standards has led to a growing interest in developing technologies to clean gases that not only remove pollutants efficiently but also recycle the energy produced by the process. Ceramic filters have been the most frequently utilized to separate aerosol particles in gas streams at high temperatures. The principal characteristics of ceramic filters are low pressure drop and high collection efficiency. This study presents the experimental results on the permeability and filtration efficiency for ceramic filters of different structures and compositions at high temperatures. The filters utilized in the trials were: 0.5mm thick quartz microfiber filters, seven ceramic fiber filters (A1000, B750, B1000, 1A, 2D, 3D and 5A) from 9-12 mm thick and two ceramic filters (A12 and A13) from 9-10mm thick. All the filters were circular (5-6cm diameter) and had an effective runoff area 3cm in diameter. The quartz microfiber filters had a porosity of 0.689 with a fiber diameter of around 1.1μm; the ceramic fiber filters had a porosity of 0.5 to 0.73 and a mean fiber diameter of around 5μm. The ceramic filters had a porosity of 0.62 for the A12 sample and 0.68 for the A13 sample with a mean pore diameter of 0.33 and 0.67μm, respectively. The filters were characterized by porosity (e) determined by a mercury intrusion porosimeter (Quantachrome Poremaster) and fiber diameter was captured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and determined by image analysis utilizing Image Proplus for Windows software. The permeability trials were performed at room and 700o C temperatures and at velocities of 0.01 to 1.8 m/s. The equipment utilized in the permeability constant trials consisted of a blower, leak detector, micromanometer (Furness Controls Ltd. FCO14), a furnace (Maitec) and a PID type temperature controller (Flyever). The particulate material utilized in the high temperature filtration tests was concentrated phosphate with a density of 2970 kg/m3 and mean diameter of 4.62mm. The density of the particulate material was determined by a helium picnometer (AccuPyc 1330, Micromeritics). The experimental system consisted of a fluidized bed aerosol generator (TSI-3400), a particle counter (Hiac/Royco Model 5230) and a test chamber inserted in the furnace. Particulates were analyzed in eight granulometric bands: 0.75; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; 4.5; 6; 8. and 12.5mm. The filtration experiments were carried out at three levels of temperature (room, 300 and 700ºC) at a filtration velocity of 0.05m/s. For the results obtained, there was an increase in the Darcian permeability constant, k1 which elevated the temperature for ceramic filters. For all filters studied, the filtration tests demonstrated a clear dependence between filter efficiency and test temperature: lower filtration efficiency was obtained at higher gas temperatures. The probable thermal expansion of the filter structure temporarily dilated the porous channels for fluid runoff and gas property alterations changing the removal capacity of the filter. Based on the results presented, we concluded that the filters utilized in the study are viable for industrial filtration of hot gases. The correlation proposed for the quartz microfiber was a good representation of the experimental behavior of pressure drop and the efficiency of fractional collection and was a satisfactory fit at the different test temperatures.
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    Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de óxido de ferro e de grafite magnética fluida (GMF)
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-05)
    Souza, Nicolau Silva de
    ;
    Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6301084663879270
    In this work were studied the physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles, based on iron oxide, and magnetic graphite fluid particles. The work was developed in three steps: 1) synthesis of the magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxides by the sol-gel and co-precipitation methods, 2) synthesis of the magnetic graphite fluid particles, 3) structural, microstructural and magnetic characterization of the samples. The morphological properties of the iron oxide nanoparticles, by the MEV-FEG images, showed that the samples obtained by sol-gel technique have a large tendency to create powder agglomerates. By the way, the samples obtained by coprecipitation showed a mean powder diameter 11nm, calculated from the micrographs images. Although, the same value , obtained from the XRD pattern, and diffraction peaks intensity are ~1.5 nm. From the magnetization curves, zero field cooling (ZFC), field cooling (FC), it was possible to see a phase transition for the locked-state at T ( )K B ≈ 39 ±1 for the sample obtained by sol-gel, and at T ( )K B ≈ 179 ±1 for the sample obtained by co-precipitations. The magnetization values as a function of the applied field showed a superparamagnetic behavior, ensured by the electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The morphological characterization of the magnetic fluid graphite, by the TEM images, also showed an agglomerate state, but it was possible to estimate a mean diameter ~10nm. This unpublished value is much smaller than the observed on the literature. The structural characterization of the magnetic fluid graphite, obtained by infrared spectroscopy, showed that the surfactant particles (CTAB) still present on the magnetic fluid graphite surface. The surfactant particles are the responsible for the solution stability; From the magnetization measurements, as a function of the field, the graphite particles showed a typical ferromagnetic behavior. The (ZFC) magnetization measurements showed that the graphite particles have a non-null magnetization at room temperature, and the aqueous suspension doesn`t have influence on the magnetization behavior. The obtained results according to the synthesis way agree with the results showed in the literature. For the iron oxide nanoparticles it has been observed the superparamagnetic behavior in all the samples. The structural properties are ruled according to the synthesis process. On the other hand, for the magnetic graphite fluid particles, the magnetization process was made by the oxi-reduction method controlled on the vapor phase, with controlled atmosphere. After the magnetization process, was obtained by the first time the synthesis of the magnetic graphite fluid, initially on water suspension, with the magnetization properties unchanged.
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    Percepções das crianças sobre currículo e relações étnico-raciais na escola: desafios, incertezas e possibilidades
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-08)
    Cruz, Eliana Marques Ribeiro
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    Lima, Emília Freitas de
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3408889024160865
    The present research had as objectives to understand how children perceive, in school, the ethnical-racial relations by means of the experienced curriculum and to present some methodological suggestions on the pedagogic treatment of the referred theme/problem, inspired especially on inter/multiculturalism. The data collecting was performed with 14 (fourteen) children who, in the year of 2007, were part of a fourth grade public school class in the city of São Carlos. Individual and group interviews were performed, always having as main focus the curriculum lived by them and the ethnical-social relations. On the first phase of individual interviews, the children showed their perception about a situation that I read to them, which involved prejudice, discrimination and racism in an imaginary classroom. On a second moment, the children informed their knowledge about the concepts of prejudice, discrimination and racism, relating them to the case that was read and explaining where and how they learned (or not) about such concepts. On the third moment, I asked the interviewed children to describe a real situation, occurred in school, lived or not by them, which involved the concepts of prejudice, discrimination and racism. At last, it was proposed to them that they express their opinion about what and how the situations of racism, prejudice and discrimination taken place in school should be treated. The second phase of the research intended to deepen aspects related to the learning of the school contents by the children. For that, group meetings were conducted, in which after visualizing images picturing scenes of Brazilian History, the children expressed which school learning emerged from those images. The images used were A primeira missa no Brasil , by Victor Meirelles, Mercado de Escravos , by Johann Moritz Rugendas and Inspeção de Negras recentemente chegadas da África , by Paul Harro-Harring. The analysis showed that the children experience the curriculum in a conflicting and contradictory way. They hear a speech of equality, but live situations of inequality on the interpersonal relations that take place in school. They also indicate tensions and contradictions between equality and difference, as well as the influence of the speeches produced inside and outside school. The interviewed children conveyed that they clearly perceive the situations of prejudice, discrimination and racism that happen inside school, transforming the differences, especially referring to color/race, in inequalities. The analysis revealed that the children s mental representations about the indigenous and African people are still close to those from the colonization times. However, they perceive the injustice and inequality imposed to those people during colonization and that they still persist on present days. This research evidenced that it is necessary to rethink and (re)build the pedagogic practices, as well as the curriculum. However, this (re)building requires public policies that are more than equality speeches and the reformulation of the curriculum for initial and continuous teacher formation, including, in a critical way, the theme/problem of ethnical-racial relations in school. Finally, this study showed as possibilities the use of images, interviews, listening and dialoguing with the other students, as a way of denaturalizing, criticizing and (re)creating other new relations based on equal treatment and that do not transform differences in inequalities.
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    Processamento, caracterização microestrutural e avaliação das propriedades mecanicas da liga Al92Fe3Cr2Mn3
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-08)
    Pereira, Hudson Henrique
    ;
    Botta Filho, Walter José
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0698592442891135
    Aluminum alloys having a particle dispersion in nanometric scale, which present elevated values of mechanical strength at both ambient and high temperatures have been studied for some time. These alloys are known for presenting icosahedral particles embedded in an α-Al matrix and they are called nanoquasicrystalline alloys, having large thermal stability as their major characteristic. The present work aims to evaluate the mechanical properties and the possibility of formation of quasicrystalline phases in an Al92Fe3Cr2Mn3 rapidly solidified to produce bulk samples. The alloy was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (DRX) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties were evaluated by compression tests at ambient and high temperatures and also by microhardness tests. The results showed refined microstructure and possibility of presence of quasicrystalline phase. Elevated mechanical strength was observed for the alloy even in temperatures up to 300°C, always associated with good plasticity in compression.
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    Análise comparativa das instituições e organizações agroindustriais citrícolas dos estados da Flórida (EUA) e São Paulo (Brasil)
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-10)
    Gaban, Luiz Carlos
    ;
    Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
    Starting with citrus introduction in both Americas, citrus agro industry system installed in Florida (USA) and São Paulo (Brazil) suffered deep changes during growth and evolution processes. Changes caused by new technologies and unexpected events shaped the structure of these systems. Differences of cultural characteristics and habits of each region influenced the structure and model of coordination existent in each system as well as the intensity of State presence. North America cultural traces drove to organizations of education, research and extension that helped the creation of new products, organizations of interest defense and mechanisms of control that, with the State intervention, resulted in laws, rules and organizations that currently control the whole citrus productive chain in Florida. Unexpected events caused distinct effects in each system. The Second World War caused positive changes in the Florida s system and negative in São Paulo s one. Frost of 1962 was responsible for a negative effect in Florida and a positive one in São Paulo. This work aims to analyze historical process and main organizational aspects of the decision chain regarding the system installed in Florida and São Paulo. Also to, identify impacts of changes on institutional environment, due to embedded habits in each region and by the State action, on relationship among actors of these systems, government mechanisms and coordination ways. For this it was used theoretical references from institutionalism. These contributions permitted to apply routers that could make possible analysis of vertical and horizontal coordination of all system links.
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    Uma arquitetura orientada a serviços para redes de monitoração e atuação sem fio utilizando SOA
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-11)
    Araujo, Jeferson Martin de
    ;
    Trevelin, Luis Carlos
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834044579937052
    Research in sensor networks is widely regarded both as one of the most challenging and prospering area. Matching Computer Science concepts with Electrical Engineer applicability, Wireless Sensor and Actors Networks (WSAN) can be used to develop several case studies in manner to build applications which will be useful for evolving the WSAN s architecture, infra-structure and its components in general. Due to technologies advances reached by these scientific researches, the processing unities became exponentially more powerful with smaller size and lower cost, enabling the widespread use of the WSAN and making this technology more popular. So, it is clear that applications which depend on the WSAN s infrastructure to build system, in several applications domains, have been emerging. Actually, there are applications ranging from habitat monitoring to military purposes. One of the major problems associated with WSAN is the difficulty of developing software applications. Recent researches has shown that service oriented programming models may contribute to improve communication and interoperability between heterogeneous devices in pervasive spaces. Organizations seeking to develop WSAN applications can obtain a competitive advantage by developing applications on an architecture which supports reusability, maintainability and extendibility. Therefore, this work proposes the use of a service oriented approach for the development and management of applications specialized in remote area surveillance based on wireless and sensor networks characteristics and concepts.
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    Estratégia de modelagem por algoritmo genético adaptativo para programação reativa da produção de produtos com uso simultâneo de máquinas e sistemas de transporte em sistemas de manufatura
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-12)
    Sanches, Danilo Sipoli
    ;
    Morandin Júnior, Orides
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6377657274398145
    The production scheduling problem of products with simultaneous use of machines and transportation systems in manufacturing systems invloves the system modeling task and the application of a technique to solve it. This scheduling type is characterized by the great amount of possible solutions and several researches indicates the Adaptive Genetic Algorithms as search method to solve this problem, where these algorithms have the capacity of globally explore the search space and to find good solutions quickly. In this dissertation, it is proposed a method that uses an adaptive genetic algorithm to solve this scheduling problem. The aim of this dissertation is to obtain good scheduling of product production, in order to reach good makespan values and response obtaining time. The makespan values are obtained by adaptive genetic algorithm and the response obtaining time is the processing time of the adaptive genetic algorithm. The results were validated in small and large scenerios and compared with the results of two other approaches. These results are presented and discussed in this dissertation.
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    Da licenciatura ao início da docência: vivências de professores de matemática na utilização das tecnologias da informação e comunicação
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-14)
    Carneiro, Reginaldo Fernando
    ;
    Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6592343865729395
    This research aims to investigate the contributions of UFSCar s Teaching License in Mathematics and the experiences of teachers at the beginning of their careers when introducing and using the Information and Communication Technology ICT in their classes. This is a qualitative-based study which consisted of three different moments: in the first one, I used a questionnaire to try to identify the graduates who were working as teachers and using any technology in their practices. In the second moment, teachers who said they use some kind of technology answered another questionnaire in order to provide information about the contributions of initial education regarding the use of ICT. Finally, in the last moment, four teachers were selected for the semi-structured interviews so that I could identify their experiences at the beginning of their careers in the introduction and use of technologies. During the analysis, I made a first attempt to organize the data in tables for an easier viewing of all the answers. Then I did a more systematic analysis of this data, making inferences, forming hypotheses and getting in contact with the literature of the area. This process resulted in three categories of analysis: (1) the contributions of initial education for the use of Information and Communication Technology, (2) the characteristics of the survival and (3) the characteristics of the discovery. Within the categories on the characteristics of survival and discovery, I was able to identify the particular aspects of the beginning of career and also some others that have arisen when teachers made use of technologies. The discussion of the results showed that the teaching license in mathematics from UFSCar provided the contact of the graduates with environments of discussion and reflection on the use of ICT, enabling them to become self-directed to seek new ways to teach the mathematical content. Even tough the initial education had dealt with this issue, many dilemmas and challenges were identified in the teachers experiences, what demonstrates the complexity that permeates this practice. Besides the difficulties, questions, fears, anxieties and insecurities, frequent in the beginning of career to maintain discipline in the classroom, to motivate the students, to complete the program, the fear of failing to teach and to start giving a class when the school year is already under way highlighted by national and international literature on this subject, others are due to the increased use of such tools, such as: insufficient number of equipment, a large number of students per class, lack of maintenance of computers, laboratories with inappropriate structure to receive a large number of students, students lack of knowledge regarding the technologies, specific softwares to teach mathematics not installed in the computers and fear because of the unpredictability of these classes. However, the various ways in which the technologies were used showed great creativity and clarity of objectives, and the positive experiences that were at that stage may have contributed to minimize the shock of reality and, moreover, other experiences such as participation in continuing education courses and support of collaborative groups may have helped in the stage of professional development.
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    Transversalidade e docência universitária: por uma recorrência dialética do ensinar-aprender
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-15)
    Lima, Paulo Gomes
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496
    O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar a docência universitária na atualidade por meio da projeção de uma intervenção pedagógica centrada na conscientização dos indivíduos, na contextualização de sua historicidade e na disposição em ressituar suas ações como determinantes da qualidade do ensino, mediatizada por sistematizações intencionais do ponto de vista teórico e metodológico, incluindo conhecimentos significativos. Por conhecimentos significativos entende- se aqueles conhecimentos que dão embasamento ao aluno, ao professor e a seus pares para contextualizar sua realidade sem, no entanto, se esquecer das contribuições historicamente produzidas nos diversos campos do conhecimento e ‘mais ainda’ ampliando a sua visão como sujeito histórico que faz a história e por ela também é responsável. Do ponto de vista do docente, esta leitura se presta a problematizar o seu itinerário profissional como espaço permanente de formação, o que requer uma dimensão transversal e dialógica.
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    Caracterização elétrica de eletrólitos baseados em céria Nano e microcristalinos para pilhas a combustível
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-16)
    Lapa, Camila Maria
    ;
    Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3459145799593883
    Fuel cells are considered the most promising way for generating electrical energy in a near future. The economic fuel cells viability is directly related to the reduction of its operating temperature which is related to the properties of the electrolyte. In this work ceramic nanopowders of Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 e Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 obtained by chemical synthesis were sintered through two-step sintering to obtain dense bodies with submicormetric grain size, in order to improve the grain boundary electrical conductivity of ceria-based electrolytes. Grain and grian boundary conductivities are dependent on grain size besides sintering schedule. The formation of secondary phases indicates that the improvement in grain boundary conductivity is related to the microdomains dynamics in microstructure. Ga2O3 addition was not effective in the densification of Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 e Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 ceramics and it was deleterious to grain boundary conductivity, although it improved grain conductivity comparing to Ga2O3 free samples. An alternative to improve the electrical conductivity of ceria-based electrolytes is the formation of nanometric doped ceria amorphous carbonate composites. The composites were characterized and the components were set in different arrangements to evaluate the existence of interfacial effedt between the phases. The electrical characterization of these sets does not indicate the existence of this interfacial effect.
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    Síntese do feromônio sexual e respostas eletrofisiológicas frente ao óleo essencial de Psidium guajava de Tryrinteina arnobia
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-16)
    Neppe, Tiago
    ;
    Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7612655561022749
    The study of semiochemicals involves the knowledge of different interaction levels between organisms and allows us to understand communication mechanisms and the action of specific compounds in the insect behavior. The eucalyptus-brown-looper, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is considered an important pest in Brazil for native plants, as Psidium guajava, and exotic plants, as for example Eucalyptus species. This work describes the racemic synthesis of T. arnobia sex pheromone, 3,4-epoxy-6,9-heneicodiene, in 11 steps and 27% overall yield. The synthesized compound, tested by electroantennography (EAG) with male and female antennae at concentration of 100mg/mL, demonstrated identical bioactivity for both sex. We also obtained essential oils from leaves of wild white guava (P. guajava), by steam distillation, in order to investigate its electrophysiological action in T. arnobia. It was observed that the composition of young and old leaves of guava is different. Nevertheless, the EAG essential oil analyzes towards male and female antennae have shown that they are very bioactive. The synthetic pheromone and the kairomones isolated from the essential oil may allow us to understand the action of these substances in the insect behavior, through laboratory and field tests observation. Confirmed the substances attractive actions, their use in pest management will become very important.
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    Compartilhando um ambiente musical: processos educativos e relações afetivas entre pais e crianças de 8 a 24 meses
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-17)
    Raniro, Juliane
    ;
    Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4516334673723268
    The research work here presented has as a theretical base, authors that believe that the social practices and the people's educational processes are developed and favored in the context of their interactions with the family, friends and the community enviromment, Considering that music can create opportunities for the people's development, including mental, corporal and social aspects, this research has for objective to study the affectionate relationships that happen in music classes offered for a group of children of eight months to two years and the adults that accompany them in the musical activities offered in a music education programm. Starting from the idea that to share musical activities it is a social practice between babies and parents, a more attentive glance for the aspects involved in this practice also brings information on the educational processes that happen in elapsing of the interactions. The data were collected and analyzed through a methodology of qualitative research, involving participant observation. Photographic registrations of classroom situations, impressions and two specialist researchers' reflections in musical education, aided in the reception of images and prominence of significant situations for the construction of the data. The diary of the researcher's field and the conversations accomplished between she and the observers were fundamental for the understanding of the affectionate relationships revealed in elapsing of the research. Considering tha the organization and analysis of the data was possible to highlight that the solidarity, the knowledge and respect with the other, the friendship and the construction of affectionate bows, such as the touch, the affection, the change of glances, they were stimulated and noticed in different activities of musical practice. The interface between the data and the literature allowed to reveal how musical activities shared between parents and their babies can be important for the strengthening of affectionate bows and for the people's development.
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    Narrativas de Thereza Santos: contribuições para a educação das relações étnico-raciais
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-20)
    Oliveira, Evaldo Ribeiro
    ;
    Silva, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2447899367873195
    This study, intitled Narratives of Thereza Saints - Contributions for the Education of the Ethnic-Racial Relations , have the objective to identify and to understand the pedagogical potentialities gifts in the narrative of Thereza Saints for the education of the ethnic-racial relations. Being thus, it is had following orienting question: Which pedagogical potentialities for the education of the ethnic-racial relations are gifts in the narrative of Thereza Saints? To understand the search field, it is had as theoretical references the education agreement, of education of the ethnic-racial relations, pedagogical potentiality and on narratives. The metodológicos ways have its bases in the fenomenológica position, being that it searched to understand the lived process. The identification and understanding of the pedagogical potentialities if had given from the principles pointed in Parecer CNE/CP 003/2004 establishing national curriculum guidelines for the education of education of the ethnic-racial relations and for the education of history and culture afro- Brazilian and African who are: conscience historical politics and of the diversity, reinforcement of identities and rights, educative actions of combat racism and to the discrimination. After to identify the pedagogical potentialities for the education of the ethnic-racial relations, was understood that they make possible: to fortify the ethnic-racial belonging, the ethnic identity, the conscience of the diversity of the ethnic-racial groups; to collaborate for the reinforcement of rights, the overcoming of the ethnic-racia inequalities, for the search for justice. It has possibility also learn-teach-to learn on African history, culture and values and afro-Brazilians. The study it pointed with respect to the importance of the guides, that is, the principles presented in Parecer CNE/CP 003/2004, to evaluate and to produce materials for the education of the ethnic-racial relations. It evidenced that to find pedagogical potentialities in education materials it is a tool for the education of the ethnicracial relations. It understood that Thereza Saints is a black intellectual and that in its narrative has elements that they contribute for the education of the ethnic-racial relations, for the construction of the black identity, for the education of history and culture afro- Brazilian and African and for the formation of professors.
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    Organizações e espaços da raça no oeste paulista: movimento negro e poder local em Rio Claro (dos anos 1930 aos anos 1960)
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26)
    Pereira, Flávia Alessandra de Souza
    ;
    Monsma, Karl Martin
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083149924291027
    In Organizações e Espaços da Raça no Oeste Paulista: Movimento Negro e Poder Local em Rio Claro (dos anos 1930 aos anos 1960) (Organizations and Spaces of Race in Western São Paulo State, Brazil: The Black Movement and Local Government in Rio Claro [from the 1930s to the 1960s] ) we try to comprehend the profile and shape of the black movement of the city of Rio Claro, and relations between this movement and the local government with regard to specifically racial demands. We focus on black spaces of sociability of Rio Claro, giving special attention to the identitary processes that shaped this sociability, and also to the demands that black actors addressed to the local government as part of the struggle for their own spaces of race in a white majority context, we emphasize, deeply marked both by open racism against blacks and by the impermeability of the local political system to blacks in general. It was in this context that the local black movement developed, over the course of decades, the basis for its collective mobilization for the long-desired house of its own a house that was materialized in its two social headquarters, finally built at the end of the 1960s. This research was supported by FAPESP (São Paulo State Research Fundation, Brazil, regular doctoral scholarship) and by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil, for foreign doctoral studies).
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    SEBRAE e empreendedorismo: origem e desenvolvimento
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26)
    Melo, Natália Maximo e
    ;
    Grün, Roberto
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3166409854581684
    Entrepreneurship is a term that has been present in the vocabulary of the Economy and the Administration and also in the common sense; however, rarely has been part of researches in social sciences. This dissertation describes the mains social actors who had contributed for the institutionalization of the entrepreneurship in the world. Moreover, it investigates one of the main actors that diffuse and support the entrepreneurship in Brazil: SEBRAE (Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Companies). Describing it, we can identify how was introduced this subject (and term) in the programs of SEBRAE. Finally, the main of these programs, the Empretec, is investigated. It is co-coordinated by ONU and consists of a behavioral training which aim is to transform the behavior of individuals. Entrepreneurship seems in it not as academic concept with descriptive value, but as a prescriptive set of norms and values that guide and modify the perception of individuals.
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    Extrapolação espectral na restauração de imagens tridimensionais de microscopia ótica de fluorescência
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26)
    Ponti Junior, Moacir Pereira
    ;
    Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5041497500746910
    The study of living cells, isolated or in tissues, in several applications, requires the use of microscopy techniques. The fluorescence microscopes are specially important for making possible images with enhancement of specific structures and detection of biological processes. However, microscopes, like other optical systems, corrupt images so that many details are lost after the passage of the image through their optical components. The conventional (wide-field) fluorescence microscopes degrade images mainly on the axial direction, limiting the amount of frequencies that passes through the system. As a result, there is an out-of-focus blur, making it difficult to use the images to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images by computational optical sectioning microscopy (COSM). The main contribution of this thesis is the development of computer-based methods that are able to restore acquired images, through spectrum extrapolation algorithms that restore a portion of the lost frequencies, even in noisy images. A non-linear algorithm was proposed, based on the Richardson-Lucy method, with space and frequency domain constraints as in the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm. this method defines an unified algorithm to restore and extrapolate images, focusing on the spatial finite support constraint. The proposed method showed improved extrapolation when compared to previously known methods. Besides, other algorithms were developed based on the proposed method. Each variation of the basic algorithm has distinct features to attenuate the noise, define adaptively the spatial constraint, and detect the image background region. The use of an adaptive constraint and the extraction of information directly from the images were shown to contribute to the recovery of lost frequencies. The results are promising, showing the potential of extrapolation in real conditions, improving the three-dimensional visualization of specimens in wide-field (non-confocal) microscopes, helping many important applications in biotechnology, such as the assessment of cell cultures.