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Percepções das crianças sobre currículo e relações étnico-raciais na escola: desafios, incertezas e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-08)
Cruz, Eliana Marques Ribeiro
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3408889024160865
The present research had as objectives to understand how children perceive, in school, the ethnical-racial relations by means of the experienced curriculum and to present some methodological suggestions on the pedagogic treatment of the referred theme/problem, inspired especially on inter/multiculturalism. The data collecting was performed with 14 (fourteen) children who, in the year of 2007, were part of a fourth grade public school class in the city of São Carlos. Individual and group interviews were performed, always having as main focus the curriculum lived by them and the ethnical-social relations. On the first phase of individual interviews, the children showed their perception about a situation that I read to them, which involved prejudice, discrimination and racism in an imaginary classroom. On a second moment, the children informed their knowledge about the concepts of prejudice, discrimination and racism, relating them to the case that was read and explaining where and how they learned (or not) about such concepts. On the third moment, I asked the interviewed children to describe a real situation, occurred in school, lived or not by them, which involved the concepts of prejudice, discrimination and racism. At last, it was proposed to them that they express their opinion about what and how the situations of racism, prejudice and discrimination taken place in school should be treated. The second phase of the research intended to deepen aspects related to the learning of the school contents by the children. For that, group meetings were conducted, in which after visualizing images picturing scenes of Brazilian History, the children expressed which school learning emerged from those images. The images used were A primeira missa no Brasil , by Victor Meirelles, Mercado de Escravos , by Johann Moritz Rugendas and Inspeção de Negras recentemente chegadas da África , by Paul Harro-Harring. The analysis showed that the children experience the curriculum in a conflicting and contradictory way. They hear a speech of equality, but live situations of inequality on the interpersonal relations that take place in school. They also indicate tensions and contradictions between equality and difference, as well as the influence of the speeches produced inside and outside school. The interviewed children conveyed that they clearly perceive the situations of prejudice, discrimination and racism that happen inside school, transforming the differences, especially referring to color/race, in inequalities. The analysis revealed that the children s mental representations about the indigenous and African people are still close to those from the colonization times. However, they perceive the injustice and inequality imposed to those people during colonization and that they still persist on present days. This research evidenced that it is necessary to rethink and (re)build the pedagogic practices, as well as the curriculum. However, this (re)building requires public policies that are more than equality speeches and the reformulation of the curriculum for initial and continuous teacher formation, including, in a critical way, the theme/problem of ethnical-racial relations in school. Finally, this study showed as possibilities the use of images, interviews, listening and dialoguing with the other students, as a way of denaturalizing, criticizing and (re)creating other new relations based on equal treatment and that do not transform differences in inequalities.
Processamento, caracterização microestrutural e avaliação das propriedades mecanicas da liga Al92Fe3Cr2Mn3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-08)
Pereira, Hudson Henrique
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0698592442891135
Aluminum alloys having a particle dispersion in nanometric scale, which present elevated values of mechanical strength at both ambient and high temperatures have been studied for some time. These alloys are known for presenting icosahedral particles embedded in an α-Al matrix and they are called nanoquasicrystalline alloys, having large thermal stability as their major characteristic. The present work aims to evaluate the mechanical properties and the possibility of formation of quasicrystalline phases in an Al92Fe3Cr2Mn3 rapidly solidified to produce bulk samples. The alloy was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (DRX) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties were evaluated by compression tests at ambient and high temperatures and also by microhardness tests. The results showed refined microstructure and possibility of presence of quasicrystalline phase. Elevated mechanical strength was observed for the alloy even in temperatures up to 300°C, always associated with good plasticity in compression.
Análise comparativa das instituições e organizações agroindustriais citrícolas dos estados da Flórida (EUA) e São Paulo (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-10)
Gaban, Luiz Carlos
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
Starting with citrus introduction in both Americas, citrus agro industry system installed in Florida (USA) and São Paulo (Brazil) suffered deep changes during growth and evolution processes. Changes caused by new technologies and unexpected events shaped the structure of these systems. Differences of cultural characteristics and habits of each region influenced the structure and model of coordination existent in each system as well as the intensity of State presence. North America cultural traces drove to organizations of education, research and extension that helped the creation of new products, organizations of interest defense and mechanisms of control that, with the State intervention, resulted in laws, rules and organizations that currently control the whole citrus productive chain in Florida. Unexpected events caused distinct effects in each system. The Second World War caused positive changes in the Florida s system and negative in São Paulo s one. Frost of 1962 was responsible for a negative effect in Florida and a positive one in São Paulo. This work aims to analyze historical process and main organizational aspects of the decision chain regarding the system installed in Florida and São Paulo. Also to, identify impacts of changes on institutional environment, due to embedded habits in each region and by the State action, on relationship among actors of these systems, government mechanisms and coordination ways. For this it was used theoretical references from institutionalism. These contributions permitted to apply routers that could make possible analysis of vertical and horizontal coordination of all system links.
Uma arquitetura orientada a serviços para redes de monitoração e atuação sem fio utilizando SOA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-11)
Araujo, Jeferson Martin de
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834044579937052
Research in sensor networks is widely regarded both as one of the most challenging and prospering area. Matching Computer Science concepts with Electrical Engineer applicability, Wireless Sensor and Actors Networks (WSAN) can be used to develop several case studies in manner to build applications which will be useful for evolving the WSAN s architecture, infra-structure and its components in general. Due to technologies advances reached by these scientific researches, the processing unities became exponentially more powerful with smaller size and lower cost, enabling the widespread use of the WSAN and making this technology more popular. So, it is clear that applications which depend on the WSAN s infrastructure to build system, in several applications domains, have been emerging. Actually, there are applications ranging from habitat monitoring to military purposes. One of the major problems associated with WSAN is the difficulty of developing software applications. Recent researches has shown that service oriented programming models may contribute to improve communication and interoperability between heterogeneous devices in pervasive spaces. Organizations seeking to develop WSAN applications can obtain a competitive advantage by developing applications on an architecture which supports reusability, maintainability and extendibility. Therefore, this work proposes the use of a service oriented approach for the development and management of applications specialized in remote area surveillance based on wireless and sensor networks characteristics and concepts.
Estratégia de modelagem por algoritmo genético adaptativo para programação reativa da produção de produtos com uso simultâneo de máquinas e sistemas de transporte em sistemas de manufatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-12)
Sanches, Danilo Sipoli
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Morandin Júnior, Orides
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6377657274398145
The production scheduling problem of products with simultaneous use of machines and transportation systems in manufacturing systems invloves the system modeling task and the application of a technique to solve it. This scheduling type is characterized by the great amount of possible solutions and several researches indicates the Adaptive Genetic Algorithms as search method to solve this problem, where these algorithms have the capacity of globally explore the search space and to find good solutions quickly. In this dissertation, it is proposed a method that uses an adaptive genetic algorithm to solve this scheduling problem. The aim of this dissertation is to obtain good scheduling of product production, in order to reach good makespan values and response obtaining time. The makespan values are obtained by adaptive genetic algorithm and the response obtaining time is the processing time of the adaptive genetic algorithm. The results were validated in small and large scenerios and compared with the results of two other approaches. These results are presented and discussed in this dissertation.
Da licenciatura ao início da docência: vivências de professores de matemática na utilização das tecnologias da informação e comunicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-14)
Carneiro, Reginaldo Fernando
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Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6592343865729395
This research aims to investigate the contributions of UFSCar s Teaching License in Mathematics and the experiences of teachers at the beginning of their careers when introducing and using the Information and Communication Technology ICT in their classes. This is a qualitative-based study which consisted of three different moments: in the first one, I used a questionnaire to try to identify the graduates who were working as teachers and using any technology in their practices. In the second moment, teachers who said they use some kind of technology answered another questionnaire in order to provide information about the contributions of initial education regarding the use of ICT. Finally, in the last moment, four teachers were selected for the semi-structured interviews so that I could identify their experiences at the beginning of their careers in the introduction and use of technologies. During the analysis, I made a first attempt to organize the data in tables for an easier viewing of all the answers. Then I did a more systematic analysis of this data, making inferences, forming hypotheses and getting in contact with the literature of the area. This process resulted in three categories of analysis: (1) the contributions of initial education for the use of Information and Communication Technology, (2) the characteristics of the survival and (3) the characteristics of the discovery. Within the categories on the characteristics of survival and discovery, I was able to identify the particular aspects of the beginning of career and also some others that have arisen when teachers made use of technologies. The discussion of the results showed that the teaching license in mathematics from UFSCar provided the contact of the graduates with environments of discussion and reflection on the use of ICT, enabling them to become self-directed to seek new ways to teach the mathematical content. Even tough the initial education had dealt with this issue, many dilemmas and challenges were identified in the teachers experiences, what demonstrates the complexity that permeates this practice. Besides the difficulties, questions, fears, anxieties and insecurities, frequent in the beginning of career to maintain discipline in the classroom, to motivate the students, to complete the program, the fear of failing to teach and to start giving a class when the school year is already under way highlighted by national and international literature on this subject, others are due to the increased use of such tools, such as: insufficient number of equipment, a large number of students per class, lack of maintenance of computers, laboratories with inappropriate structure to receive a large number of students, students lack of knowledge regarding the technologies, specific softwares to teach mathematics not installed in the computers and fear because of the unpredictability of these classes. However, the various ways in which the technologies were used showed great creativity and clarity of objectives, and the positive experiences that were at that stage may have contributed to minimize the shock of reality and, moreover, other experiences such as participation in continuing education courses and support of collaborative groups may have helped in the stage of professional development.
Transversalidade e docência universitária: por uma recorrência dialética do ensinar-aprender
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-15)
Lima, Paulo Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496
O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar a docência universitária na atualidade por meio da projeção de uma intervenção pedagógica centrada na conscientização dos indivíduos, na contextualização de sua historicidade e na disposição em ressituar suas ações como determinantes da qualidade do ensino, mediatizada por sistematizações intencionais do ponto de vista teórico e metodológico, incluindo conhecimentos significativos. Por conhecimentos significativos entende- se aqueles conhecimentos que dão embasamento ao aluno, ao professor e a seus pares para contextualizar sua realidade sem, no entanto, se esquecer das contribuições historicamente produzidas nos diversos campos do conhecimento e ‘mais ainda’ ampliando a sua visão como sujeito histórico que faz a história e por ela também é responsável. Do ponto de vista do docente, esta leitura se presta a problematizar o seu itinerário profissional como espaço permanente de formação, o que requer uma dimensão transversal e dialógica.
Caracterização elétrica de eletrólitos baseados em céria Nano e microcristalinos para pilhas a combustível
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-16)
Lapa, Camila Maria
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3459145799593883
Fuel cells are considered the most promising way for generating electrical energy in a near future. The economic fuel cells viability is directly related to the reduction of its operating temperature which is related to the properties of the electrolyte. In this work ceramic nanopowders of Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 e Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 obtained by chemical synthesis were sintered through two-step sintering to obtain dense bodies with submicormetric grain size, in order to improve the grain boundary electrical conductivity of ceria-based electrolytes. Grain and grian boundary conductivities are dependent on grain size besides sintering schedule. The formation of secondary phases indicates that the improvement in grain boundary conductivity is related to the microdomains dynamics in microstructure. Ga2O3 addition was not effective in the densification of Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 e Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 ceramics and it was deleterious to grain boundary conductivity, although it improved grain conductivity comparing to Ga2O3 free samples. An alternative to improve the electrical conductivity of ceria-based electrolytes is the formation of nanometric doped ceria amorphous carbonate composites. The composites were characterized and the components were set in different arrangements to evaluate the existence of interfacial effedt between the phases. The electrical characterization of these sets does not indicate the existence of this interfacial effect.
Síntese do feromônio sexual e respostas eletrofisiológicas frente ao óleo essencial de Psidium guajava de Tryrinteina arnobia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-16)
Neppe, Tiago
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7612655561022749
The study of semiochemicals involves the knowledge of different interaction levels between organisms and allows us to understand communication mechanisms and the action of specific compounds in the insect behavior. The eucalyptus-brown-looper, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is considered an important pest in Brazil for native plants, as Psidium guajava, and exotic plants, as for example Eucalyptus species. This work describes the racemic synthesis of T. arnobia sex pheromone, 3,4-epoxy-6,9-heneicodiene, in 11 steps and 27% overall yield. The synthesized compound, tested by electroantennography (EAG) with male and female antennae at concentration of 100mg/mL, demonstrated identical bioactivity for both sex. We also obtained essential oils from leaves of wild white guava (P. guajava), by steam distillation, in order to investigate its electrophysiological action in T. arnobia. It was observed that the composition of young and old leaves of guava is different. Nevertheless, the EAG essential oil analyzes towards male and female antennae have shown that they are very bioactive. The synthetic pheromone and the kairomones isolated from the essential oil may allow us to understand the action of these substances in the insect behavior, through laboratory and field tests observation. Confirmed the substances attractive actions, their use in pest management will become very important.
Compartilhando um ambiente musical: processos educativos e relações afetivas entre pais e crianças de 8 a 24 meses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-17)
Raniro, Juliane
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4516334673723268
The research work here presented has as a theretical base, authors that believe that the social practices and the people's educational processes are developed and favored in the context of their interactions with the family, friends and the community enviromment, Considering that music can create opportunities for the people's development, including mental, corporal and social aspects, this research has for objective to study the affectionate relationships that happen in music classes offered for a group of children of eight months to two years and the adults that accompany them in the musical activities offered in a music education programm. Starting from the idea that to share musical activities it is a social practice between babies and parents, a more attentive glance for the aspects involved in this practice also brings information on the educational processes that happen in elapsing of the interactions. The data were collected and analyzed through a methodology of qualitative research, involving participant observation. Photographic registrations of classroom situations, impressions and two specialist researchers' reflections in musical education, aided in the reception of images and prominence of significant situations for the construction of the data. The diary of the researcher's field and the conversations accomplished between she and the observers were fundamental for the understanding of the affectionate relationships revealed in elapsing of the research. Considering tha the organization and analysis of the data was possible to highlight that the solidarity, the knowledge and respect with the other, the friendship and the construction of affectionate bows, such as the touch, the affection, the change of glances, they were stimulated and noticed in different activities of musical practice. The interface between the data and the literature allowed to reveal how musical activities shared between parents and their babies can be important for the strengthening of affectionate bows and for the people's development.
Narrativas de Thereza Santos: contribuições para a educação das relações étnico-raciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-20)
Oliveira, Evaldo Ribeiro
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Silva, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2447899367873195
This study, intitled Narratives of Thereza Saints - Contributions for the Education of the Ethnic-Racial Relations , have the objective to identify and to understand the pedagogical potentialities gifts in the narrative of Thereza Saints for the education of the ethnic-racial relations. Being thus, it is had following orienting question: Which pedagogical potentialities for the education of the ethnic-racial relations are gifts in the narrative of Thereza Saints? To understand the search field, it is had as theoretical references the education agreement, of education of the ethnic-racial relations, pedagogical potentiality and on narratives. The metodológicos ways have its bases in the fenomenológica position, being that it searched to understand the lived process. The identification and understanding of the pedagogical potentialities if had given from the principles pointed in Parecer CNE/CP 003/2004 establishing national curriculum guidelines for the education of education of the ethnic-racial relations and for the education of history and culture afro- Brazilian and African who are: conscience historical politics and of the diversity, reinforcement of identities and rights, educative actions of combat racism and to the discrimination. After to identify the pedagogical potentialities for the education of the ethnic-racial relations, was understood that they make possible: to fortify the ethnic-racial belonging, the ethnic identity, the conscience of the diversity of the ethnic-racial groups; to collaborate for the reinforcement of rights, the overcoming of the ethnic-racia inequalities, for the search for justice. It has possibility also learn-teach-to learn on African history, culture and values and afro-Brazilians. The study it pointed with respect to the importance of the guides, that is, the principles presented in Parecer CNE/CP 003/2004, to evaluate and to produce materials for the education of the ethnic-racial relations. It evidenced that to find pedagogical potentialities in education materials it is a tool for the education of the ethnicracial relations. It understood that Thereza Saints is a black intellectual and that in its narrative has elements that they contribute for the education of the ethnic-racial relations, for the construction of the black identity, for the education of history and culture afro- Brazilian and African and for the formation of professors.
Organizações e espaços da raça no oeste paulista: movimento negro e poder local em Rio Claro (dos anos 1930 aos anos 1960)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26)
Pereira, Flávia Alessandra de Souza
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Monsma, Karl Martin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083149924291027
In Organizações e Espaços da Raça no Oeste Paulista: Movimento Negro e Poder Local em Rio Claro (dos anos 1930 aos anos 1960) (Organizations and Spaces of Race in Western São Paulo State, Brazil: The Black Movement and Local Government in Rio Claro [from the 1930s to the 1960s] ) we try to comprehend the profile and shape of the black movement of the city of Rio Claro, and relations between this movement and the local government with regard to specifically racial demands. We focus on black spaces of sociability of Rio Claro, giving special attention to the identitary processes that shaped this sociability, and also to the demands that black actors addressed to the local government as part of the struggle for their own spaces of race in a white majority context, we emphasize, deeply marked both by open racism against blacks and by the impermeability of the local political system to blacks in general. It was in this context that the local black movement developed, over the course of decades, the basis for its collective mobilization for the long-desired house of its own a house that was materialized in its two social headquarters, finally built at the end of the 1960s. This research was supported by FAPESP (São Paulo State Research Fundation, Brazil, regular doctoral scholarship) and by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil, for foreign doctoral studies).
SEBRAE e empreendedorismo: origem e desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26)
Melo, Natália Maximo e
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Grün, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3166409854581684
Entrepreneurship is a term that has been present in the vocabulary of the Economy and the Administration and also in the common sense; however, rarely has been part of researches in social sciences. This dissertation describes the mains social actors who had contributed for the institutionalization of the entrepreneurship in the world. Moreover, it investigates one of the main actors that diffuse and support the entrepreneurship in Brazil: SEBRAE (Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Companies). Describing it, we can identify how was introduced this subject (and term) in the programs of SEBRAE. Finally, the main of these programs, the Empretec, is investigated. It is co-coordinated by ONU and consists of a behavioral training which aim is to transform the behavior of individuals. Entrepreneurship seems in it not as academic concept with descriptive value, but as a prescriptive set of norms and values that guide and modify the perception of individuals.
Extrapolação espectral na restauração de imagens tridimensionais de microscopia ótica de fluorescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26)
Ponti Junior, Moacir Pereira
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5041497500746910
The study of living cells, isolated or in tissues, in several applications, requires the use of microscopy techniques. The fluorescence microscopes are specially important for making possible images with enhancement of specific structures and detection of biological processes. However, microscopes, like other optical systems, corrupt images so that many details are lost after the passage of the image through their optical components. The conventional (wide-field) fluorescence microscopes degrade images mainly on the axial direction, limiting the amount of frequencies that passes through the system. As a result, there is an out-of-focus blur, making it difficult to use the images to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images by computational optical sectioning microscopy (COSM). The main contribution of this thesis is the development of computer-based methods that are able to restore acquired images, through spectrum extrapolation algorithms that restore a portion of the lost frequencies, even in noisy images. A non-linear algorithm was proposed, based on the Richardson-Lucy method, with space and frequency domain constraints as in the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm. this method defines an unified algorithm to restore and extrapolate images, focusing on the spatial finite support constraint. The proposed method showed improved extrapolation when compared to previously known methods. Besides, other algorithms were developed based on the proposed method. Each variation of the basic algorithm has distinct features to attenuate the noise, define adaptively the spatial constraint, and detect the image background region. The use of an adaptive constraint and the extraction of information directly from the images were shown to contribute to the recovery of lost frequencies. The results are promising, showing the potential of extrapolation in real conditions, improving the three-dimensional visualization of specimens in wide-field (non-confocal) microscopes, helping many important applications in biotechnology, such as the assessment of cell cultures.
Desafios do modo de vida da pesca artesanal em água doce num contexto socioambiental adverso : uma análise sociológica do caso do bairro rural do Tanquã, Piracicaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-29)
Venturato, Raquel Duarte
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2786495943179185
The intensification concerning the multiple uses of water in the Piracicaba River Basin has led to alterations in the aquatic ecosystem, affecting the fishery supplies with a deleterious influence and causing great limitations to the survival and social reproduction of traditional communities. The way of life within Tanquã community is centered on the artisan fishery, which implies on the fabrication of their own corporal techniques, ways of production, knowledge, beliefs and habits all characterized as traditional. The deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem acts as a factor of dissolution in this way of life. On one hand, by compromising and restricting the use of natural resources and on the other hand, by demanding the modernization of such techniques so that the artisan fishery can gain additional life span. There is reluctance within the Tanquã that appears as representations of their universe, in the oral memory, and the extra-economic sociability, providing a counterview to a full commitment to the market rationality. Between the desire to resist, affirming itself as a valid way of life, and the need to adjust to the dynamics of macro social environments, the Tanquã community lives the duality of a collective identity, sometimes strengthen, and sometimes threatened. As a case study, the objective of this article presents a brief description and a sociological analysis of the process, from a qualitative approach, in which the oral account and the direct observation are blend to characterize the structure and the dynamics of social production of the community.
Zoneamento ambiental do município de Querência - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-29)
Rossete, Amintas Nazareth
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1167022119179164
The sustainable use of the natural resources should be a basic premise to be integrated in environmental policies in order to avoid the growing natural ecosystems destruction. To assure a better appropriation of these resources is fundamental to apply the territorial arrangement landscape, with the formulation of environmental zonings. The municipality of Querência is located on Xingu River Basin, in the Northeast of Mato Grosso State, an Amazonian region knowledge as the arch of deforestation , in which has been registered the increase of clearing areas for farming and pasture in the last 20 years. The aim of this work is the environmental characterization and the elaboration of an environmental zoning of Querência municipality, starting from the definition and recognizing of different types of landscapes and land use, on the study area. The environmental inventory of the main environmental variables, that compose landscape, was made through field work and based on information processing in digital format of the thematic maps: planialtimetric, geology, geomorphology, pedology, agricultural suitability, vegetation and deforestation. Using geographical information systems - ArcGis 9.2 and SPRING 4.2 it was elaborated the land use and land cover maps obtained from CBERS II satellite (2006), as well as overlays operations that made possible the definition of landscape units, and resulted in the elaboration of the environmental zoning of Querência municipality. It was set up six zones: Preservation of Hydric Resources, Urban Use, Intensive Use, Forest Management, Protected Areas and Multiple Use.
Imobilização e estabilização de D-Hidantoinase para a produção de N-Carbamoil-D-Fenilglicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-29)
Becaro, Aline Aparecida
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1283081812633332
Immobilization and stabilization of enzymes increases their potential for use in industrial scale. D-hydantoinases (dihidropirimidina amidrohidrolase EC 3.5.2.2) catalyze the hydrolysis of D-hydantoins, generating the corresponding Ncarbamoil- D-amino acid and are used in the production of D-amino acids, including Dphenylglycine and D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine.This work reports studies for immobilization and stabilization of D-hydantoinase from Vigna angularis (E.C. 3.5.2.2.). Different strategies of multipoint covalent attachment in organic supports as chitosan and agarose were used. Different protocols of immobilization were employed, being the adittion of ions during the reduction step with the NaBH4 important to protect enzyme catalytic site. The active and stabilized derivatives were used to catalyze the hydrolysis of D-phenylhydantoin. The temperature and pH enzyme profiles showed maximum enzyme activity at 60ºC and pH 10,0. The subunits of the enzyme present molecular mass aroundt 50kDa. The enzyme immobilized in glyoxyl-agarose in the presence of Zn2+ ions during the reduction step, with immobilization time of 24h, was the best derivative, being 89-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme. The analysis of amino acids showed that a 50% of lysines residue present in the enzymes was covalently linked in glyoxyl-agarose. The enzyme immobilized in epoxy-chitosan-alginate was 20-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme. All the tested immobilization protocols led to 100% of immobilization yield. Soluble enzyme and the best glyoxyl and chitosan enzyme derivatives were used to catalyze the hydrolysis of D- phenylhydantoin , and led to the production of 99% of NCarbamoil- D-Phenylglycine after 3, 9 and 15h of reaction respectively.
Trajetória de vida de intelectuais negros (as) : contribuição para a educação das relações étnico-raciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-30)
Gomes, Ana Paula dos Santos
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Silva, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0269325539737205
The research presented here is inserted in the context of the deployment of Parecer CNE/CP/003/2004, which aims to attend the purposes indicated in CNE/CP 6/2002, which regulates the Law 10.639/2003. The objective is to contribute with the education of ethnical-racial relations making known and valued the life experiences and contributions of intelectual black scholars; experiences considered patrimony of the black comunity. The theorical references in this investigation bring discussions about intelectuals, black intelectuals, racial discrimination, valorization of African originated culture, patrimonial education, memory of black scholars, cultural patrimony. The matter of research that guides this study is: What educational processes, that are present in black people life trajectory, fashion them as black scholars? I search to know, through the report of situations lived by black scholars, research colaborators, how were they becoming intelectuals, how did they overcome obstacles and how they constituted themselves professionals in society without, however, lose sight of their ethnical-racial origin and their culture of African matrix. In the activity of registring the trajectory of black scholars life, I sought to observe the educational processes that were developed in their professional practices, of militance in contact to people surrounding them, be it in family, at work, in the community, among other environments. In life oral reports, collected in semi-structured interviews, I try to identify meanings in the experience of becoming a black scholar. The analysis of data was done under the form of a comprehensive description based on Fenomenology, in this process, I search for highlighting educational processes in which the research collaborators participated in different spaces in their lives: work, family, community. In these spaces, the black intelectuals built meanings and representations of their lives. They built their history and along with their target community, they rebuilt and rebuild the history of brazilian black people. Their life experiences reveal cultural, familiar and moral values that guide their lives. They point possible ways of racial discrimination superation and the conquest of fight and denounce spaces. They encourage the younger to keep with the black struggle aiming for equality and justice for the black people.
Interação plasmon-fônon LO em superredes semicondutoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-07)
Rodrigues, Ariano de Giovanni
;
Galzerani, José Cláudio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2448874919199274
This work presents a Raman investigation of the optical vibrations in highly doped In-GaAs/InP and GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices (SL s). The InGaAs/InP SL s grown with different periods were analyzed using polarized Raman techniques. No Raman selection rules were found in the long period InGaAs/InP SL s due to the structural defects in the bulk materials constituting the layers. With the decrease of the SL period the selection rules emerges and considerable blue shift of the longitudinal optical mode originated in the barriers were observed, as a manifestation of the coupled plasmon-LO phonon vibrations propagating along the growth axis. The observed effect can be attributed to the formation of the miniband electron energy structure. A quantitative analysis showed that the selection rules noticed in the longitudinal optical vibrations of the short period SL s occur due to the increasing of the coherence length of the coupled modes with respect to the coherence length of the optical phonon. The GaAs/AlGaAs SL s studied were growth with different disorder strengths. In weakly disordered SL s we also observed the coupling between the vertical plasmon and the longitudinal optical phonons of the barriers. The lineshape analysis of the sprectra measured in the strongly disordered SL s allowed us to obtain the plasmon damping constant, proving that in these samples the plasmon presents an overdamping behavior, that provokes the decoupling between the plasmon and the LO-phonon. For the first time we have shown aphysical system in which we can control the plasmon-LO phonon interaction, changing from a coupled regime to a decoupled one, by varying the disorder strength. Plotting both the coherence lengths of the AlAs-like coupled modes and the plasmon damping constants versus the disorder strengths we could draw some conclusion about the process of the transition from the coupled to uncoupled phase and to obtain the behavior of the plasmon relaxation as a function of the disorder.
As relações entre educação e trabalho nas trajetórias de alunos de uma escola técnica : uma análise a partir de Bourdieu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-07)
Stefanini, Deborah Maria
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Silva, Eduardo Pinto e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7014309713393112
The research aimed at analyzing the conditioning factors that motivate technical high school students to seek this kind of education and at understanding the meaning of this schooling to them as well as their expectations and future aspirations as regard to education and labor. The study, based on Pierre Bourdieu and collaborators sociological perspective, was developed based on the educational and professional trajectories analysis of students at a technical high school in São Paulo state. The analysis was preceded by a bibliographical study about the historical context of the professional education in Brazil, which had as a backdrop its main target public throughout the years, as well as the considerations concerning professionalization in the context of productive restructuring. The propensity to the technical education was analyzed based on the students social status and their internalized dispositions, designated habitus. It was observed that the inclination to the technical education is supported on a disposition that emphasizes the work instead of long studies. That trend establishes a contradiction lived by the families between the ideal the school longevity and the necessary the work. That internalized and durable disposition tends to determine the studies extension which, according to them, must be associated to the professional insertion. However, the education is assimilated as primordial for social mobility and the students internalize the idea that is necessary to continue studying. In this direction, the technical education, currently organized as a quickly course, is considered as a possibility for obtaining the studies extension, since other ways for that are uncertain or financially unfeasible. In most cases analyzed, the technical education has an instrumental meaning, as a way to aid in the self-subsistence for a future maintenance in the higher education, as a way to help to get better professions. On both cases, this education is assimilated as a form to enhance competition and not necessarily the obtention of work in the technical formation area.