Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-09-29"

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Desafios do modo de vida da pesca artesanal em água doce num contexto socioambiental adverso : uma análise sociológica do caso do bairro rural do Tanquã, Piracicaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-29)
Venturato, Raquel Duarte
;
Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2786495943179185
The intensification concerning the multiple uses of water in the Piracicaba River Basin has led to alterations in the aquatic ecosystem, affecting the fishery supplies with a deleterious influence and causing great limitations to the survival and social reproduction of traditional communities. The way of life within Tanquã community is centered on the artisan fishery, which implies on the fabrication of their own corporal techniques, ways of production, knowledge, beliefs and habits all characterized as traditional. The deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem acts as a factor of dissolution in this way of life. On one hand, by compromising and restricting the use of natural resources and on the other hand, by demanding the modernization of such techniques so that the artisan fishery can gain additional life span. There is reluctance within the Tanquã that appears as representations of their universe, in the oral memory, and the extra-economic sociability, providing a counterview to a full commitment to the market rationality. Between the desire to resist, affirming itself as a valid way of life, and the need to adjust to the dynamics of macro social environments, the Tanquã community lives the duality of a collective identity, sometimes strengthen, and sometimes threatened. As a case study, the objective of this article presents a brief description and a sociological analysis of the process, from a qualitative approach, in which the oral account and the direct observation are blend to characterize the structure and the dynamics of social production of the community.
Zoneamento ambiental do município de Querência - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-29)
Rossete, Amintas Nazareth
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1167022119179164
The sustainable use of the natural resources should be a basic premise to be integrated in environmental policies in order to avoid the growing natural ecosystems destruction. To assure a better appropriation of these resources is fundamental to apply the territorial arrangement landscape, with the formulation of environmental zonings. The municipality of Querência is located on Xingu River Basin, in the Northeast of Mato Grosso State, an Amazonian region knowledge as the arch of deforestation , in which has been registered the increase of clearing areas for farming and pasture in the last 20 years. The aim of this work is the environmental characterization and the elaboration of an environmental zoning of Querência municipality, starting from the definition and recognizing of different types of landscapes and land use, on the study area. The environmental inventory of the main environmental variables, that compose landscape, was made through field work and based on information processing in digital format of the thematic maps: planialtimetric, geology, geomorphology, pedology, agricultural suitability, vegetation and deforestation. Using geographical information systems - ArcGis 9.2 and SPRING 4.2 it was elaborated the land use and land cover maps obtained from CBERS II satellite (2006), as well as overlays operations that made possible the definition of landscape units, and resulted in the elaboration of the environmental zoning of Querência municipality. It was set up six zones: Preservation of Hydric Resources, Urban Use, Intensive Use, Forest Management, Protected Areas and Multiple Use.
Imobilização e estabilização de D-Hidantoinase para a produção de N-Carbamoil-D-Fenilglicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-29)
Becaro, Aline Aparecida
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1283081812633332
Immobilization and stabilization of enzymes increases their potential for use in industrial scale. D-hydantoinases (dihidropirimidina amidrohidrolase EC 3.5.2.2) catalyze the hydrolysis of D-hydantoins, generating the corresponding Ncarbamoil- D-amino acid and are used in the production of D-amino acids, including Dphenylglycine and D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine.This work reports studies for immobilization and stabilization of D-hydantoinase from Vigna angularis (E.C. 3.5.2.2.). Different strategies of multipoint covalent attachment in organic supports as chitosan and agarose were used. Different protocols of immobilization were employed, being the adittion of ions during the reduction step with the NaBH4 important to protect enzyme catalytic site. The active and stabilized derivatives were used to catalyze the hydrolysis of D-phenylhydantoin. The temperature and pH enzyme profiles showed maximum enzyme activity at 60ºC and pH 10,0. The subunits of the enzyme present molecular mass aroundt 50kDa. The enzyme immobilized in glyoxyl-agarose in the presence of Zn2+ ions during the reduction step, with immobilization time of 24h, was the best derivative, being 89-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme. The analysis of amino acids showed that a 50% of lysines residue present in the enzymes was covalently linked in glyoxyl-agarose. The enzyme immobilized in epoxy-chitosan-alginate was 20-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme. All the tested immobilization protocols led to 100% of immobilization yield. Soluble enzyme and the best glyoxyl and chitosan enzyme derivatives were used to catalyze the hydrolysis of D- phenylhydantoin , and led to the production of 99% of NCarbamoil- D-Phenylglycine after 3, 9 and 15h of reaction respectively.
Trajetória de vida de intelectuais negros (as) : contribuição para a educação das relações étnico-raciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-30)
Gomes, Ana Paula dos Santos
;
Silva, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0269325539737205
The research presented here is inserted in the context of the deployment of Parecer CNE/CP/003/2004, which aims to attend the purposes indicated in CNE/CP 6/2002, which regulates the Law 10.639/2003. The objective is to contribute with the education of ethnical-racial relations making known and valued the life experiences and contributions of intelectual black scholars; experiences considered patrimony of the black comunity. The theorical references in this investigation bring discussions about intelectuals, black intelectuals, racial discrimination, valorization of African originated culture, patrimonial education, memory of black scholars, cultural patrimony. The matter of research that guides this study is: What educational processes, that are present in black people life trajectory, fashion them as black scholars? I search to know, through the report of situations lived by black scholars, research colaborators, how were they becoming intelectuals, how did they overcome obstacles and how they constituted themselves professionals in society without, however, lose sight of their ethnical-racial origin and their culture of African matrix. In the activity of registring the trajectory of black scholars life, I sought to observe the educational processes that were developed in their professional practices, of militance in contact to people surrounding them, be it in family, at work, in the community, among other environments. In life oral reports, collected in semi-structured interviews, I try to identify meanings in the experience of becoming a black scholar. The analysis of data was done under the form of a comprehensive description based on Fenomenology, in this process, I search for highlighting educational processes in which the research collaborators participated in different spaces in their lives: work, family, community. In these spaces, the black intelectuals built meanings and representations of their lives. They built their history and along with their target community, they rebuilt and rebuild the history of brazilian black people. Their life experiences reveal cultural, familiar and moral values that guide their lives. They point possible ways of racial discrimination superation and the conquest of fight and denounce spaces. They encourage the younger to keep with the black struggle aiming for equality and justice for the black people.
Interação plasmon-fônon LO em superredes semicondutoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-07)
Rodrigues, Ariano de Giovanni
;
Galzerani, José Cláudio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2448874919199274
This work presents a Raman investigation of the optical vibrations in highly doped In-GaAs/InP and GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices (SL s). The InGaAs/InP SL s grown with different periods were analyzed using polarized Raman techniques. No Raman selection rules were found in the long period InGaAs/InP SL s due to the structural defects in the bulk materials constituting the layers. With the decrease of the SL period the selection rules emerges and considerable blue shift of the longitudinal optical mode originated in the barriers were observed, as a manifestation of the coupled plasmon-LO phonon vibrations propagating along the growth axis. The observed effect can be attributed to the formation of the miniband electron energy structure. A quantitative analysis showed that the selection rules noticed in the longitudinal optical vibrations of the short period SL s occur due to the increasing of the coherence length of the coupled modes with respect to the coherence length of the optical phonon. The GaAs/AlGaAs SL s studied were growth with different disorder strengths. In weakly disordered SL s we also observed the coupling between the vertical plasmon and the longitudinal optical phonons of the barriers. The lineshape analysis of the sprectra measured in the strongly disordered SL s allowed us to obtain the plasmon damping constant, proving that in these samples the plasmon presents an overdamping behavior, that provokes the decoupling between the plasmon and the LO-phonon. For the first time we have shown aphysical system in which we can control the plasmon-LO phonon interaction, changing from a coupled regime to a decoupled one, by varying the disorder strength. Plotting both the coherence lengths of the AlAs-like coupled modes and the plasmon damping constants versus the disorder strengths we could draw some conclusion about the process of the transition from the coupled to uncoupled phase and to obtain the behavior of the plasmon relaxation as a function of the disorder.
As relações entre educação e trabalho nas trajetórias de alunos de uma escola técnica : uma análise a partir de Bourdieu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-07)
Stefanini, Deborah Maria
;
Silva, Eduardo Pinto e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7014309713393112
The research aimed at analyzing the conditioning factors that motivate technical high school students to seek this kind of education and at understanding the meaning of this schooling to them as well as their expectations and future aspirations as regard to education and labor. The study, based on Pierre Bourdieu and collaborators sociological perspective, was developed based on the educational and professional trajectories analysis of students at a technical high school in São Paulo state. The analysis was preceded by a bibliographical study about the historical context of the professional education in Brazil, which had as a backdrop its main target public throughout the years, as well as the considerations concerning professionalization in the context of productive restructuring. The propensity to the technical education was analyzed based on the students social status and their internalized dispositions, designated habitus. It was observed that the inclination to the technical education is supported on a disposition that emphasizes the work instead of long studies. That trend establishes a contradiction lived by the families between the ideal the school longevity and the necessary the work. That internalized and durable disposition tends to determine the studies extension which, according to them, must be associated to the professional insertion. However, the education is assimilated as primordial for social mobility and the students internalize the idea that is necessary to continue studying. In this direction, the technical education, currently organized as a quickly course, is considered as a possibility for obtaining the studies extension, since other ways for that are uncertain or financially unfeasible. In most cases analyzed, the technical education has an instrumental meaning, as a way to aid in the self-subsistence for a future maintenance in the higher education, as a way to help to get better professions. On both cases, this education is assimilated as a form to enhance competition and not necessarily the obtention of work in the technical formation area.
Educação entre grades : um estudo sobre a educação penitenciária no Amapá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-07)
Abreu, Almiro Alves de
;
Bezerra Neto, Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377134509470946
Le présent travail intitulé Éducation entre grilles : un étude sur l Éducation pénitencier dans l Amapá amene à discussion la compréhension du phénomene prisonnier versus éducation versus réssocialisation, de façon à subsidier chercheurs et Administration publique en général. L objectif basique constitue en comprendre et analiser l éducation ministrée dans l école du complexe pénitencier du l Amapá, qui est sous l administration de la Secrétariat du l état de l éducation.. Pour la sustentation théorique on a cherché discuter les lois que prévent les garanties des droits des prisonniers à l éducation, ainsi que, les plus actualisés les auteurs nacionaux et étrangèrs qui sont en train de produire et publiqué sur le thème. Comme abordage méthodologique, on a utilisé la Méthode Historique-descriptif des sciences sociaux et la statistique, pour qu on pusse tabuler les donnés et à partir de ce moment, procéder à une analyse interpretatif-qualitative, ayant par référence axes thématiques centrales. Comme thécnique de recherche on a utilisé questionnaire et interview semi-structurée. On part de la prémisse de que l éducation offris dans IAPEN n a pas accomplie avec son papier ressocialisateur, a été possible répondre les demandes : Comment se donne la rélation professeur et élève, la méthodologie, et le contenu travaillé dans E.E.S.J ? Quel est la formation des profissionnels qui directement travaillent avec l élève-prisonnier ? Basé dans ces questionnements a été possible formuler l hypothèse de que l éducation aide la reintegration du l élève-prisonnier, qui a été confirmé par les donnés empiriques, répresentés par les résultats suivants : Pour l élève-prisonnier l éducation repésente seulement une façon de sortir de la cellule et pouvoir donner une promenade par les autres bâtiments du IAPEN, ainsi qu un mecanisme de communication, car entendre que c est dificille qu il aura chance de obtenir un emploi ici, au dehors, une fois que, ce qu on apprend, n aide pas lui à s intégrer dans la societé en général, soit par le travail, ou par l éducation. En rélation aux professeurs, ils croient constituer un chaînon entre la culture en général et la culture dans la prison. C est important mentionner que par plus qu on fasse des efforts pour offrir au élève-prisonnier une éducation de qualité, les conditions de travail ne répondre pas à ses besoins, ayant beaucoup des fois que improviser dans la salle de classe, car l école-champ, par fois, n a pas même le craie, n a pas aussi des moyens didáctique-technologique. En référence aux membres qui font partie de la gestion du complexe a étè possible percevoir qu ils font des efforts, la mesure du possible, pour faire l école fonctionner pour pouvoir atteindre ses objectifs, ils travaillent pour structurer l école pour être le référentiel de éducation prisional dans l État.
Estudo das transições de fase em cerâmicas ferroelétricas de PZT e PLZT através de espectroscopia mecânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-08)
Silva Junior, Paulo Sergio da
;
Florêncio, Odila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9659972316642270
Lead titanate zirconate (PZT) and lanthanum-modified lead titanate zirconate (PLZT) ferroelectric ceramics have been great scientific and technologic interest, due to the possibility of your physics properties can be optimized and adequated for specific technologic applications. Scientifically, the anelastic characterization of the phase transitions have a fundamental importance to understand the phenomenology and behavior of the intrinsic properties. In this work, the phase transition exhibit by PZT and PLZT were studied, for Zr/Ti ratios of 40/60 and 65/35 for PZT, and Zr/Ti ratio 65/35 for PLZT, with lanthanum concentration between 5 mol-% and 9 mol-%, by mechanical spectroscopy technique. The nelastic spectra as a function of temperature and frequency were performed in acoustic elastometer equipment, operating in a temperature range of 300 K and 770 K, with frequencies in a kHz bandwidth, for heating rate of 1 K/min, under a pressure higher than 10−5 Torr. Dielectric chracterizations of PZT 40/60 and PZT 65/35 ceramics showed the normal ferroelectric behavior of ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. Dielectric analysis of PLZT ceramics showed the change of the normal ferroelectric behavior to relaxor-like and diffusive behaviors for the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition with the increase of the lanthanum amount. Anelastic spectra of PZT 40/60 showed the presence of two anomalies associated with relaxation mechanism of interaction between 900 domain walls with Zr and Ti vacancies, and the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition, respectively. For PZT 65/35 the anelastic results appoint the presence of one single anomaly associated to ferroectric-paraelectric phase transition. PLZT 5/65/35 and PLZT 8/65/35 showed in anelastic spectra two frequency-independent anomalies, associated to ferro-ferroelectric and ferroelectric-paraelectric phases transitions. In anelastic spectra of PLZT 9/65/35 was observed only one single anomaly associated to ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. The anelastic and dielectric spectra analysis showed the same behavior of temperature of ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition with the change of lanthanum amount, where were observed the decrease of temperature of ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition as a function of the increase of lanthanum amount. The effect of symmetry exchange in PZT ceramics not showed the change in electromechanical coupling type, being this linear coupling type between strain and polarization. The increase of lanthanum amount in PLZT ceramics showed a continuum change of electromechanical coupling type, starting with a linear coupling between strain and polarization (PZT 65/35) and changing to linear coupling in strain but quadratic in polarization (PLZT 8/65/35 and PLZT 9/65/35).
Alterações de longo prazo na ingestão de sódio : aspectos neuroendócrinos, genômicos e comparativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-10)
Pereira-Derderian, Daniela de Toledo Borba
;
Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4542655683955902
Sodium intake occurs either as a need-free or a need-induced behavior, which is enhanced by repeated episodes of treatments leading to extracellular dehydration or increased levels in natriorexigenic hormones. This enhancement is likely an adaptation to repeated episodic sodium loss mediated by the long-term effects of hormones on brain circuits subserving sodium appetite. The objective of the present thesis was to investigate three aspects of long-term alterations in sodium intake associated to angiotensin (ANG) II: 1) neuroendocrine: the effect of repeated episodes of FURO/CAP on need-induced and need-free sodium intake, 2) genomic: associate hypothalamic renin-angiotensin system mRNA alterations with sodium intake enhancement induced by repeated episodes of water deprivation followed by partial rehydration with water (WDPR), and 3) comparative: sodium appetite in SHR submitted to a single WDPR. Both protocols, WDPR and FURO/CAP, were effective methodologies to enhance sodium intake, not related to systemic changes, suggesting that its mechanisms are due to neural plasticity and salt addiction. Repeated blockade of Agtr1 receptors by losartan inhibited or abolished the enhancement in the need-free sodium intake produced by a history of FURO/CAP. This result suggests that encephalic ANG II may play a role in the sensitization of spontaneous sodium intake, and perhaps it does not occur in the hypothalamus because it was not correlated to any hypothalamic RAS mRNA alteration in the WDPR protocol. However, hydrated animals with a history of WDPR increased the hypothalamic mRNA encoding of ANG II receptor type-1a (Agtr1a) by 76%. The enhancement in the need-induced sodium intake in the WDPR was related to increased hypothalamic mRNA encoding of angiotensinogen, aminopeptidase N, X Agtr1-associated protein, and ANG receptor like-1 or apelin receptor by 43%, 60%, 36%, and 159% respectively. Thus, the enhancement in the sodium appetite in WDPR was associated with alterations in the hypothalamic gene expression related to RAS. Thus, hypothalamic ANG II and apelin may play a role in the long-term changes of need-induced sodium intake. Moreover, the increased cellular activity that occurred in the subfornical organ, pre-locus coeruleus, and caudal nucleus of the solitary tract is associated with a stronger sodium appetite shown by SHR. These results suggest that increased cellular activity in these areas is correlated with the avid sodium appetite shown by SHR in response to water deprivation. The results suggest that repeated activation of encephalic ANG II receptors, perhaps in different areas, is able to enhance both forms of sodium intake and reinforce encephalic ANG II as a peptide that mediates long-term effects on behavior.
Desempenho eletroquímico de compósitos de nanotubos de carbono como anodos para baterias de íon-lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-10)
Bento, Fábio Ricardo
;
Mascaro, Lucia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523005531689304
In this work CNTs composite for use as Li-ion anode materials had been investigated. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were measured by galvanostatic charge-discharge testes, cyclic voltammetric analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The first materials was discussed were the NiO:MWNTs composite. Previously, NiO powders were prepared via the spray pyrolysis technique and, the NiO:MWNTs composite was prepared by dispersion simultaneously of MWNTs and NiO powders using ultrasonicator. The electrochemical properties of NiO:MWNTs composite were investigated to determine their suitability as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The NiO:MWNTs composite electrodes exhibited better reversibility and higher capacities than NiO and MWNTs electrodes. The reasons for improved electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes are discussed. Another composite had been investigated was C-SnO2-SWNTs. The C-SnO2-SWNTs composite powder was prepared by mechanical ball milling and [C-SnO2]- dSWNTs was synthesized by dispersion SWNTs via ultrasonication into a premilled C-SnO2 composite mixture. It was found that the cyclic performance of the both composite materials was improved when they was compared to CSnO2. Free-standing SWNT paper electrodes have been synthesized by a simple filtration. With addition of C-SnO2 composite powder was prepared by mechanical milling, the specific capacity of the free-standing ([CSnO2] 0.5SWNTs0.5) paper electrode were greatly enhanced, so that they retained a capacity of 310 mAh g-1 beyond 30 cycles. On the other hand, the procedures for SWNTs electrode preparation were simplified, so the cost of the manufacturing could be reduced. The specific capacities at 20th cycle decrease in the order: [C-SnO2]-dSWNTs > [C-SnO2]0.5SWNTs0.5 > C-SnO2-SWNTs > NiO:MWNTs (70:30) > C-SnO2 > NiO > MWNTs.
O efeito do alongamento intermitente e da eletroestimulação na expressão gênica, na atividade de metaloproteases e na morfologia do músculo esquelético em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-10)
Messa, Sabrina Peviani
;
Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3105529494736011
Metabólitos secundários de Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 e fungos endofíticos filamentosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-11)
Benavides, Diana Jimena López
;
Rodrigues Filho, Edson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3173023019682551
This work describes the investigation of part of the secondary metabolism of actinomicete Streptomyces clavuligerus and endophytic filamentous fungus Penicillium sp isolated from Murraya paniculata; Penicillium brasilianum and Aspergillus aculeatus isolated from Melia azedarach and Penicillium griseoroseum isolated from the grains of Coffea arabica. Preliminary tests were realized to define the best composition of medium culture and the best condition of cultivation Streptomyces clavuligerus. On the other hand, the endophytic fungus were cultivated in rice and Czapec´k (medium liquid). The anthranilic acid and the 7-hydroxy-2- methyl-chromone were identified from the extracts of S. clavuligerus by spectroscopic methods 1D e 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Methodologies of analysis for detection of β-lactam antibiotics were developed by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The identification was based on studies of standard compounds and comparison with literature data. These methodologies were efficient in the analysis of this type of substances and they allowed the detection and identification of β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillin N, the cephamycin C, deacetoxy-cephalosporin C and the clavulanic acid in small amounts in S. clavuligerus the extracts. In the endophytic fungus extracts were possible to identify the 6-aminopenicillanic acid, precursor of the penicillin G and metabolites no β-lactams as nucleotides thymine and adenine.
Detecção por PCR da presença da bactéria bartonella em humanos com cardiopatias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-12)
Corrêa, Fabrício Gonçalves
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8202689960962492
Many studies have demonstrated that infection by Bartonella vinsonni subspecies berkhoffii may cause cardiac arrhythmia, myocarditis and infectious endocarditis in humans. There is strong evidence that Bartonella vinsonni is an important cardiac pathogen in both humans and dogs The Bartonella sp has been associated with several human diseases, being responsible for a number of zoonoses. The aim of this work was to identify and correlate the Bartonella vinsonni subsp. berkhoffii with the cardiac disease by using specific oligonucleotides as Bh16SF and Bh16SR, which amplify a 185-bp fragment of 16S rRNA. The PCR technique was used for detection of this bacterium in human leukocytes. The amplification products were analyzed in 1.5% agarose gel in order to confirm the 185-bp fragment, which in turn indicates the presence of the bacterium. Thirty eight (39%) out of the 96 humans with cardiopathies as well as 16 (15%) out of the 104 humans from the control group showed positive PCR amplification for Bartonella vinsonni subsp. berkhoffii, thus suggesting a positive correlation of this subspecies with the cardiopathies. Sequencing of the amplified product confirmed the presence of Bartonella vinsonni subspecies berkhoffii.
Estudo da comunidade de invertebrados em fitotelmata de Bromeliaceae com ênfase em Chironomidae (Insecta Díptera) em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no município de Magé, RJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-13)
Sodré, Vinicius Moraes
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6132504979569921
This work presents a study on the fauna of invertebrates, with focus on Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera), inhabiting phytotelmata of two species of bromeliads (Neoregelia concentrica (Vellozo) LB Smith and Aechmea nudicaulis (Linnaeus) Grisebach) in a fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in a metropolitan area of the State of Rio de Janeiro, named Pau Grande in the city of Magé. For a period of 13 months, from September 2006 to September 2007 were carried out 9 collections, with intervals of approximately 1 ½ months, with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the content of local phytotelmata in bromeliads. Observations on the ecological community of invertebrates was made and a taxonomic eand ecological analysis with focus on Chironomidae inhabiting those communities was done as results of the study of 50 specimens of bromeliad. Among the nvertebrates, we observed the Ostracoda as the most dominant; among the insects, the Chironomidae were the most dominant. Representatives of this family of three subfamilies (Orthocladiinae, and Chironominae Tanypodinae) were represented. From the subfamily Tanypodinae was registered the presence of genus Monopelopia as the first occurrence in bromeliads in the state of Rio de Janeiro, we contribute with taxonomic information about the immature of Polypedilum (Chironominae) and it is believed that the Orthocladiinae gen. A is apparently adapted to phytotelmata. Statistical analysis was made and data on volume, pH, the total number of individuals, richness and diversity in the two bromeliads are presented.
Consulta à comunidade : princípios, métodos e avaliação da experiência dos planos diretores do município de Bauru - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-13)
Rigitano, Maria Helena Carvalho
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Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7783899107618493
This paper presents a collection of consultation methods reported in the technical literature and its applicability. It seeks for identify the most appropriated way to involve the communities in drawing up directors plans and other actions related to the urban planning and management. This because, since the Federal Constitution, 1988, the legislation related to the public policies prescribe the need of popular participation in these programs. It chose to study case the elaboration process of the Participative Director Plan in Bauru - SP, which was evaluated by several segments involved in its process through the application of questionnaires that based on the Likert Scale and according to established principles by Carson and Gelber (2001), with the objective to verifying the reached level of participation in this. In the end, discussions are made about the role of professionals involved in urban planning ahead to the new situation of sharing decisions with the community.
Assombro de olhada de bicho: uma etnografia das concepções e ações em saúde entre ribeirinhos do baixo rio Tapajós, Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-15)
Wawzyniak, João Valentin
;
Cardoso, Marina Denise
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9673720768173749
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062581240941337
This ethnography has as an objective to comprehend the logic in which the riverside population from the low river Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil, conceive the diseases and the treatments facing the Public Health programs which seek to orient these conceptions according to an own logic, and also how they answer to that according to their cosmological system. The central question consists on knowing how they acquire the biomedical speech, the clinical practice, and the public policies in Health and associate them to their therapeutic traditional model. The ethnographic material described and analyzed here was obtained during a field research (participant observation and interviews), carried out in three periods, between 2005 and 2007, in the communities Prainha do Tapajós, Prainha, Taquara, Itapaiuna and Paraíso situated in the perimeter of a federal conservation unit, and in Santarém and Belterra cities. It is noted that the riverside population acquire the outside agents and proposed changes according to pre-existing cultural schemes and articulate the biomedical model procedures with the therapeutic traditional model, as they do not see incongruence between them, even with some tension points. The Cure local specialists and the health community agents are found as fundamental subjects of this articulation and of the therapeutic itinerary.
Desempenho, enzimologia e metabolismo de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com dietas peletizadas e extrusadas com níveis médio e alto de lipídeos e carboidratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-16)
Silva, Claucia Aparecida Honorato da
;
Moraes, Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8684087124995605
The purpose of this thesis was to study the biochemistry and metabolic adaptive aspects of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed with different diets processing (extrusion or pelletization), wich had high or low levels of carbohydrates and lipids in their composition. It was analyzed growth and biochemical parameters: diet composition parameters, growth performance, efficiency of nutrient retention, filet fatty acids profile, transit velocity, digestibility of protein and energy, digestive enzymes (unspecific proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase and maltase), metabolic responses (glucose, lactate, piruvate, free fatty acids, free amino acids, glycogen, protein and ammonia) metabolic enzymes responses (ALAT, ASAT, GDH, LDH, MDH) and intestinal and liver morphology. We could observe that the different diets processing were affected by the levels of carbohydrates and lipids, where extrusion process showed high dependance of levels of carbohydrates. The zootechnical aproaches revealed protein sparing effect of carbohydrates in pelletized diets and, protein sparing effect of lipids in extruded diets. In relation to digestive enzymes responses it was observed that unspecific protease was induced by low lipids diet levels whereas amylase diminished its response in high lipids diet levels. The metabolic profile reflected different ways to get glucose available to the gluconeogenesis through different metabolic substrates, in order to support the energetic stores. The increase of both carbohydrates and lipids on different processing diets (extrusion or pelletization), support the morphological adaptations of liver and intestine of pacu, resulting in better nutrient absortion. In conclusion, the protein sparing effect may be found as much different carbohydrates and lipids combinations as different diet processing.
Efeitos da estimulação elétrica na adaptação do músculo esquelético desnervado : implicações sobre a expressão gênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-16)
Russo, Thiago Luiz de
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791
Recovery denervated skeletal muscles is a challenge to rehabilitation. The degenerative changes on muscle tissue due to denervation cause muscle fiber atrophy and force generating incapacity impairing the individual daily life activities. Design strategies to treat denervated muscles are important to Physical Therapy. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a resource largely recommended to treat denervated muscles in humans, nevertheless, its effects and mechanisms on muscle adaptation are unclear. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of ES, applied as used in clinical-like situations, e.g., during single sessions, using surface electrodes and considering the changes in muscle excitability, on the denervated skeletal muscle adaptation in rat. The characterization of the muscle excitability pattern was used to choose the best electrical parameters. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry tecnics were used to verify the morphology of denervated muscles submitted to ES. Furthermore, the real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to evaluate the expression of important muscular genes, such as myoD, atrogin-1, metalloproteinase-2 and myostatin. ES was able to regulate many genes on rat denervated muscles; however ES neither avoid muscle fiber atrophy nor detain connective tissue proliferation in theses muscles. The results of this thesis have brought significative contributions to understand the mechanisms of ES, as recommended in rehabilitation, on denervated muscle.
Biorefinaria de soro de queijo: engenharia de bioprocessos e sistemas aplicada à transformação de um resíduo poluente em produtos com valor agregado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-17)
Pinto, Gilson Alexandre
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4382153873386357
The continuous advances in process computing have provided in recent years several sophisticated tools for process analysis and simulation. The effective use of these tools demands the capability to interface with a pre-existent process system hierarchy. Within this perspective, an important issue is to provide meaningful and useful simulation and optimization applications for complex systems that require integration with data-intensive experimentation. This study proposes an integrated environment, using Internet as development platform, for simulation, monitoring, control and optimization of a cheese whey refinery, employing immobilized and stabilized enzymes as catalysts. The multipurpose process described here, the cheese whey biorefinery, provides, besides lactose, whey protein concentrates and hydrolysates that can be applied in food and pharmaceutical formulae. In these circumstances, it is possible to add value to this significant by-product of the dairy industry, avoiding its disposal in natura (what is mostly done by small cheese manufacturers). In parallel, relevant aspects of the enzymatic reactions within the cheese whey biorefinery were investigated. The lumping of substrate molecules in pseudo-components, using a hybrid phenomenological-neural approach for description of the enzymatic depolymerization kinetics, is the suggestion to follow the complex reaction dynamics in biorefinery. During the estimative of model parameters, global search algorithms and different post-fitting statistical strategies were implemented and evaluated. The work, thus, is concerned with two of the main dilemmas/challenges of the present millennium: reduction of environmental problems related to the disposal of agro-industrial residues (i.e., cheese whey) and development of processes for food production from alternative sources (whey refinery). The integrated web application here presented may allow small companies to access a remote engineering centre , with know-how on plant design, economic evaluation and advanced control/optimization techniques. The idea can also be extended to large dairy companies, providing the remote control of sites of production geographically sparse. All implemented algorithms for remote process monitoring and control were validated with data from laboratory-scale assays. The validation of the hydrolytic kinetic models followed the same procedure. According to the achieved results, is possible to conclude that the robustness of the integrated computational environment was demonstrated. The prediction capability of the approaches employed for description of the proteolytic enzymatic reactions was verified, as well.
Perovskitas contendo lantânio, ferro e cobalto - melhoramento de propriedades texturais via síntese por nanomoldagem e avaliação como catalisadores na redução de NO com CO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-20)
Lima, Rita Karolinny Chaves de
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5134026980035802
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
Mixed oxides with perovskite structure have high potential as catalysts in gas depollution processes and particularly in the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Such solids could be considered as a promising alternative for the replacement of noble metals based catalysts, whose use is predominant. Great flexibility of composition, easy synthesis, low cost and high thermal stability justify the special interest in these materials. However, the low specific surface areas (<10 m2/g) of these solids, when prepared by conventional methods, limit your use in catalytic processes. Some efforts have been made in order to overcome that disadvantage. Nevertheless, the preparation of high surface area ternary or multinary oxides is not easy once their synthesis is associated with solid state reactions carried out at high temperatures. Considering the discussed context, perovskites were obtained in this work by means of a conventional method or via sequencial nanocasting. In the first case, perovskites with LaFe1-xCoxO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1) nominal compositions were prepared using the citrate method and nitrate salts as inorganic precursors. In the second case, LaFeO3 and LaFe0.6Co0.4O3 perovskites were obtained by nanocasting using Fluka 05120 activated carbon, Black Pearls 2000 black carbon (Cabot Corporation), and porous carbons nanocasted in Aerosil 200 pyrogenic silica and sílica-SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption measurements, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to characterize the studied solids. The catalytic activity of the prepared perovskites was evaluated in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO and in the oxidation of the latter compound to CO2. According to the obtained results, it was evident that in comparison with the conventional route, the nanocasting technique using carbons as hard template was efficient to obtain the pure perovskite phase with specific surface areas substantially higher (25 a 49 m2/g). The prepared perovskites were highly active and selective in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO, as well as in the oxidation of the latter compound to CO2. The most active samples were those whose B sites contain up to about 30 % Co. However, the activity of these catalysts decreases strongly with the presence of O2 or water steam. The La-Fe nanocasted binary perovskites showed, in the studied reactions, remarkable higher catalytic activity than the perovskite with the same composition prepared using the conventional method. The higher activity of these materials was related with the increase of their specific surface area. The nanocasted ternary perovskites with LaFe0.6Co0.4O3 composition, despite of the significant increase in their specific surface area, did not show a considerable increase in their activity. This result is in agreement with the behaviour of La-Fe-Co ternary perovskites, in which Co occupies a proportion of B sites greater than 30 %.