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Alterações de longo prazo na ingestão de sódio : aspectos neuroendócrinos, genômicos e comparativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-10)
Pereira-Derderian, Daniela de Toledo Borba
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Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4542655683955902
Sodium intake occurs either as a need-free or a need-induced behavior, which is enhanced by repeated episodes of treatments leading to extracellular dehydration or increased levels in natriorexigenic hormones. This enhancement is likely an adaptation to repeated episodic sodium loss mediated by the long-term effects of hormones on brain circuits subserving sodium appetite. The objective of the present thesis was to investigate three aspects of long-term alterations in sodium intake associated to angiotensin (ANG) II: 1) neuroendocrine: the effect of repeated episodes of FURO/CAP on need-induced and need-free sodium intake, 2) genomic: associate hypothalamic renin-angiotensin system mRNA alterations with sodium intake enhancement induced by repeated episodes of water deprivation followed by partial rehydration with water (WDPR), and 3) comparative: sodium appetite in SHR submitted to a single WDPR. Both protocols, WDPR and FURO/CAP, were effective methodologies to enhance sodium intake, not related to systemic changes, suggesting that its mechanisms are due to neural plasticity and salt addiction. Repeated blockade of Agtr1 receptors by losartan inhibited or abolished the enhancement in the need-free sodium intake produced by a history of FURO/CAP. This result suggests that encephalic ANG II may play a role in the sensitization of spontaneous sodium intake, and perhaps it does not occur in the hypothalamus because it was not correlated to any hypothalamic RAS mRNA alteration in the WDPR protocol. However, hydrated animals with a history of WDPR increased the hypothalamic mRNA encoding of ANG II receptor type-1a (Agtr1a) by 76%. The enhancement in the need-induced sodium intake in the WDPR was related to increased hypothalamic mRNA encoding of angiotensinogen, aminopeptidase N, X Agtr1-associated protein, and ANG receptor like-1 or apelin receptor by 43%, 60%, 36%, and 159% respectively. Thus, the enhancement in the sodium appetite in WDPR was associated with alterations in the hypothalamic gene expression related to RAS. Thus, hypothalamic ANG II and apelin may play a role in the long-term changes of need-induced sodium intake. Moreover, the increased cellular activity that occurred in the subfornical organ, pre-locus coeruleus, and caudal nucleus of the solitary tract is associated with a stronger sodium appetite shown by SHR. These results suggest that increased cellular activity in these areas is correlated with the avid sodium appetite shown by SHR in response to water deprivation. The results suggest that repeated activation of encephalic ANG II receptors, perhaps in different areas, is able to enhance both forms of sodium intake and reinforce encephalic ANG II as a peptide that mediates long-term effects on behavior.
Desempenho eletroquímico de compósitos de nanotubos de carbono como anodos para baterias de íon-lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-10)
Bento, Fábio Ricardo
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523005531689304
In this work CNTs composite for use as Li-ion anode materials had been investigated. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were measured by galvanostatic charge-discharge testes, cyclic voltammetric analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The first materials was discussed were the NiO:MWNTs composite. Previously, NiO powders were prepared via the spray pyrolysis technique and, the NiO:MWNTs composite was prepared by dispersion simultaneously of MWNTs and NiO powders using ultrasonicator. The electrochemical properties of NiO:MWNTs composite were investigated to determine their suitability as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The NiO:MWNTs composite electrodes exhibited better reversibility and higher capacities than NiO and MWNTs electrodes. The reasons for improved electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes are discussed. Another composite had been investigated was C-SnO2-SWNTs. The C-SnO2-SWNTs composite powder was prepared by mechanical ball milling and [C-SnO2]- dSWNTs was synthesized by dispersion SWNTs via ultrasonication into a premilled C-SnO2 composite mixture. It was found that the cyclic performance of the both composite materials was improved when they was compared to CSnO2. Free-standing SWNT paper electrodes have been synthesized by a simple filtration. With addition of C-SnO2 composite powder was prepared by mechanical milling, the specific capacity of the free-standing ([CSnO2] 0.5SWNTs0.5) paper electrode were greatly enhanced, so that they retained a capacity of 310 mAh g-1 beyond 30 cycles. On the other hand, the procedures for SWNTs electrode preparation were simplified, so the cost of the manufacturing could be reduced. The specific capacities at 20th cycle decrease in the order: [C-SnO2]-dSWNTs > [C-SnO2]0.5SWNTs0.5 > C-SnO2-SWNTs > NiO:MWNTs (70:30) > C-SnO2 > NiO > MWNTs.
O efeito do alongamento intermitente e da eletroestimulação na expressão gênica, na atividade de metaloproteases e na morfologia do músculo esquelético em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-10)
Messa, Sabrina Peviani
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3105529494736011
Metabólitos secundários de Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 e fungos endofíticos filamentosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-11)
Benavides, Diana Jimena López
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Rodrigues Filho, Edson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3173023019682551
This work describes the investigation of part of the secondary metabolism of actinomicete Streptomyces clavuligerus and endophytic filamentous fungus Penicillium sp isolated from Murraya paniculata; Penicillium brasilianum and Aspergillus aculeatus isolated from Melia azedarach and Penicillium griseoroseum isolated from the grains of Coffea arabica. Preliminary tests were realized to define the best composition of medium culture and the best condition of cultivation Streptomyces clavuligerus. On the other hand, the endophytic fungus were cultivated in rice and Czapec´k (medium liquid). The anthranilic acid and the 7-hydroxy-2- methyl-chromone were identified from the extracts of S. clavuligerus by spectroscopic methods 1D e 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Methodologies of analysis for detection of β-lactam antibiotics were developed by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The identification was based on studies of standard compounds and comparison with literature data. These methodologies were efficient in the analysis of this type of substances and they allowed the detection and identification of β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillin N, the cephamycin C, deacetoxy-cephalosporin C and the clavulanic acid in small amounts in S. clavuligerus the extracts. In the endophytic fungus extracts were possible to identify the 6-aminopenicillanic acid, precursor of the penicillin G and metabolites no β-lactams as nucleotides thymine and adenine.
Detecção por PCR da presença da bactéria bartonella em humanos com cardiopatias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-12)
Corrêa, Fabrício Gonçalves
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8202689960962492
Many studies have demonstrated that infection by Bartonella vinsonni subspecies berkhoffii may cause cardiac arrhythmia, myocarditis and infectious endocarditis in humans. There is strong evidence that Bartonella vinsonni is an important cardiac pathogen in both humans and dogs The Bartonella sp has been associated with several human diseases, being responsible for a number of zoonoses. The aim of this work was to identify and correlate the Bartonella vinsonni subsp. berkhoffii with the cardiac disease by using specific oligonucleotides as Bh16SF and Bh16SR, which amplify a 185-bp fragment of 16S rRNA. The PCR technique was used for detection of this bacterium in human leukocytes. The amplification products were analyzed in 1.5% agarose gel in order to confirm the 185-bp fragment, which in turn indicates the presence of the bacterium. Thirty eight (39%) out of the 96 humans with cardiopathies as well as 16 (15%) out of the 104 humans from the control group showed positive PCR amplification for Bartonella vinsonni subsp. berkhoffii, thus suggesting a positive correlation of this subspecies with the cardiopathies. Sequencing of the amplified product confirmed the presence of Bartonella vinsonni subspecies berkhoffii.
Estudo da comunidade de invertebrados em fitotelmata de Bromeliaceae com ênfase em Chironomidae (Insecta Díptera) em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no município de Magé, RJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-13)
Sodré, Vinicius Moraes
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6132504979569921
This work presents a study on the fauna of invertebrates, with focus on Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera), inhabiting phytotelmata of two species of bromeliads (Neoregelia concentrica (Vellozo) LB Smith and Aechmea nudicaulis (Linnaeus) Grisebach) in a fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in a metropolitan area of the State of Rio de Janeiro, named Pau Grande in the city of Magé. For a period of 13 months, from September 2006 to September 2007 were carried out 9 collections, with intervals of approximately 1 ½ months, with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the content of local phytotelmata in bromeliads. Observations on the ecological community of invertebrates was made and a taxonomic eand ecological analysis with focus on Chironomidae inhabiting those communities was done as results of the study of 50 specimens of bromeliad. Among the nvertebrates, we observed the Ostracoda as the most dominant; among the insects, the Chironomidae were the most dominant. Representatives of this family of three subfamilies (Orthocladiinae, and Chironominae Tanypodinae) were represented. From the subfamily Tanypodinae was registered the presence of genus Monopelopia as the first occurrence in bromeliads in the state of Rio de Janeiro, we contribute with taxonomic information about the immature of Polypedilum (Chironominae) and it is believed that the Orthocladiinae gen. A is apparently adapted to phytotelmata. Statistical analysis was made and data on volume, pH, the total number of individuals, richness and diversity in the two bromeliads are presented.
Consulta à comunidade : princípios, métodos e avaliação da experiência dos planos diretores do município de Bauru - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-13)
Rigitano, Maria Helena Carvalho
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Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7783899107618493
This paper presents a collection of consultation methods reported in the technical literature and its applicability. It seeks for identify the most appropriated way to involve the communities in drawing up directors plans and other actions related to the urban planning and management. This because, since the Federal Constitution, 1988, the legislation related to the public policies prescribe the need of popular participation in these programs. It chose to study case the elaboration process of the Participative Director Plan in Bauru - SP, which was evaluated by several segments involved in its process through the application of questionnaires that based on the Likert Scale and according to established principles by Carson and Gelber (2001), with the objective to verifying the reached level of participation in this. In the end, discussions are made about the role of professionals involved in urban planning ahead to the new situation of sharing decisions with the community.
Assombro de olhada de bicho: uma etnografia das concepções e ações em saúde entre ribeirinhos do baixo rio Tapajós, Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-15)
Wawzyniak, João Valentin
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Cardoso, Marina Denise
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9673720768173749
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062581240941337
This ethnography has as an objective to comprehend the logic in which the riverside population from the low river Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil, conceive the diseases and the treatments facing the Public Health programs which seek to orient these conceptions according to an own logic, and also how they answer to that according to their cosmological system. The central question consists on knowing how they acquire the biomedical speech, the clinical practice, and the public policies in Health and associate them to their therapeutic traditional model. The ethnographic material described and analyzed here was obtained during a field research (participant observation and interviews), carried out in three periods, between 2005 and 2007, in the communities Prainha do Tapajós, Prainha, Taquara, Itapaiuna and Paraíso situated in the perimeter of a federal conservation unit, and in Santarém and Belterra cities. It is noted that the riverside population acquire the outside agents and proposed changes according to pre-existing cultural schemes and articulate the biomedical model procedures with the therapeutic traditional model, as they do not see incongruence between them, even with some tension points. The Cure local specialists and the health community agents are found as fundamental subjects of this articulation and of the therapeutic itinerary.
Desempenho, enzimologia e metabolismo de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com dietas peletizadas e extrusadas com níveis médio e alto de lipídeos e carboidratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-16)
Silva, Claucia Aparecida Honorato da
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8684087124995605
The purpose of this thesis was to study the biochemistry and metabolic adaptive aspects of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed with different diets processing (extrusion or pelletization), wich had high or low levels of carbohydrates and lipids in their composition. It was analyzed growth and biochemical parameters: diet composition parameters, growth performance, efficiency of nutrient retention, filet fatty acids profile, transit velocity, digestibility of protein and energy, digestive enzymes (unspecific proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase and maltase), metabolic responses (glucose, lactate, piruvate, free fatty acids, free amino acids, glycogen, protein and ammonia) metabolic enzymes responses (ALAT, ASAT, GDH, LDH, MDH) and intestinal and liver morphology. We could observe that the different diets processing were affected by the levels of carbohydrates and lipids, where extrusion process showed high dependance of levels of carbohydrates. The zootechnical aproaches revealed protein sparing effect of carbohydrates in pelletized diets and, protein sparing effect of lipids in extruded diets. In relation to digestive enzymes responses it was observed that unspecific protease was induced by low lipids diet levels whereas amylase diminished its response in high lipids diet levels. The metabolic profile reflected different ways to get glucose available to the gluconeogenesis through different metabolic substrates, in order to support the energetic stores. The increase of both carbohydrates and lipids on different processing diets (extrusion or pelletization), support the morphological adaptations of liver and intestine of pacu, resulting in better nutrient absortion. In conclusion, the protein sparing effect may be found as much different carbohydrates and lipids combinations as different diet processing.
Efeitos da estimulação elétrica na adaptação do músculo esquelético desnervado : implicações sobre a expressão gênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-16)
Russo, Thiago Luiz de
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791
Recovery denervated skeletal muscles is a challenge to rehabilitation. The degenerative changes on muscle tissue due to denervation cause muscle fiber atrophy and force generating incapacity impairing the individual daily life activities. Design strategies to treat denervated muscles are important to Physical Therapy. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a resource largely recommended to treat denervated muscles in humans, nevertheless, its effects and mechanisms on muscle adaptation are unclear. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of ES, applied as used in clinical-like situations, e.g., during single sessions, using surface electrodes and considering the changes in muscle excitability, on the denervated skeletal muscle adaptation in rat. The characterization of the muscle excitability pattern was used to choose the best electrical parameters. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry tecnics were used to verify the morphology of denervated muscles submitted to ES. Furthermore, the real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to evaluate the expression of important muscular genes, such as myoD, atrogin-1, metalloproteinase-2 and myostatin. ES was able to regulate many genes on rat denervated muscles; however ES neither avoid muscle fiber atrophy nor detain connective tissue proliferation in theses muscles. The results of this thesis have brought significative contributions to understand the mechanisms of ES, as recommended in rehabilitation, on denervated muscle.
Biorefinaria de soro de queijo: engenharia de bioprocessos e sistemas aplicada à transformação de um resíduo poluente em produtos com valor agregado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-17)
Pinto, Gilson Alexandre
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4382153873386357
The continuous advances in process computing have provided in recent years several sophisticated tools for process analysis and simulation. The effective use of these tools demands the capability to interface with a pre-existent process system hierarchy. Within this perspective, an important issue is to provide meaningful and useful simulation and optimization applications for complex systems that require integration with data-intensive experimentation. This study proposes an integrated environment, using Internet as development platform, for simulation, monitoring, control and optimization of a cheese whey refinery, employing immobilized and stabilized enzymes as catalysts. The multipurpose process described here, the cheese whey biorefinery, provides, besides lactose, whey protein concentrates and hydrolysates that can be applied in food and pharmaceutical formulae. In these circumstances, it is possible to add value to this significant by-product of the dairy industry, avoiding its disposal in natura (what is mostly done by small cheese manufacturers). In parallel, relevant aspects of the enzymatic reactions within the cheese whey biorefinery were investigated. The lumping of substrate molecules in pseudo-components, using a hybrid phenomenological-neural approach for description of the enzymatic depolymerization kinetics, is the suggestion to follow the complex reaction dynamics in biorefinery. During the estimative of model parameters, global search algorithms and different post-fitting statistical strategies were implemented and evaluated. The work, thus, is concerned with two of the main dilemmas/challenges of the present millennium: reduction of environmental problems related to the disposal of agro-industrial residues (i.e., cheese whey) and development of processes for food production from alternative sources (whey refinery). The integrated web application here presented may allow small companies to access a remote engineering centre , with know-how on plant design, economic evaluation and advanced control/optimization techniques. The idea can also be extended to large dairy companies, providing the remote control of sites of production geographically sparse. All implemented algorithms for remote process monitoring and control were validated with data from laboratory-scale assays. The validation of the hydrolytic kinetic models followed the same procedure. According to the achieved results, is possible to conclude that the robustness of the integrated computational environment was demonstrated. The prediction capability of the approaches employed for description of the proteolytic enzymatic reactions was verified, as well.
Perovskitas contendo lantânio, ferro e cobalto - melhoramento de propriedades texturais via síntese por nanomoldagem e avaliação como catalisadores na redução de NO com CO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-20)
Lima, Rita Karolinny Chaves de
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5134026980035802
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
Mixed oxides with perovskite structure have high potential as catalysts in gas depollution processes and particularly in the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Such solids could be considered as a promising alternative for the replacement of noble metals based catalysts, whose use is predominant. Great flexibility of composition, easy synthesis, low cost and high thermal stability justify the special interest in these materials. However, the low specific surface areas (<10 m2/g) of these solids, when prepared by conventional methods, limit your use in catalytic processes. Some efforts have been made in order to overcome that disadvantage. Nevertheless, the preparation of high surface area ternary or multinary oxides is not easy once their synthesis is associated with solid state reactions carried out at high temperatures. Considering the discussed context, perovskites were obtained in this work by means of a conventional method or via sequencial nanocasting. In the first case, perovskites with LaFe1-xCoxO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1) nominal compositions were prepared using the citrate method and nitrate salts as inorganic precursors. In the second case, LaFeO3 and LaFe0.6Co0.4O3 perovskites were obtained by nanocasting using Fluka 05120 activated carbon, Black Pearls 2000 black carbon (Cabot Corporation), and porous carbons nanocasted in Aerosil 200 pyrogenic silica and sílica-SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption measurements, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to characterize the studied solids. The catalytic activity of the prepared perovskites was evaluated in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO and in the oxidation of the latter compound to CO2. According to the obtained results, it was evident that in comparison with the conventional route, the nanocasting technique using carbons as hard template was efficient to obtain the pure perovskite phase with specific surface areas substantially higher (25 a 49 m2/g). The prepared perovskites were highly active and selective in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO, as well as in the oxidation of the latter compound to CO2. The most active samples were those whose B sites contain up to about 30 % Co. However, the activity of these catalysts decreases strongly with the presence of O2 or water steam. The La-Fe nanocasted binary perovskites showed, in the studied reactions, remarkable higher catalytic activity than the perovskite with the same composition prepared using the conventional method. The higher activity of these materials was related with the increase of their specific surface area. The nanocasted ternary perovskites with LaFe0.6Co0.4O3 composition, despite of the significant increase in their specific surface area, did not show a considerable increase in their activity. This result is in agreement with the behaviour of La-Fe-Co ternary perovskites, in which Co occupies a proportion of B sites greater than 30 %.
Gestão escolar : a prática pedagógica administrativa na política de educação inclusiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-22)
Tezani, Thaís Cristina Rodrigues
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Bittar, Marisa
This thesis is addressing the analysis of knowledge involving the practice of teaching and administrative daily school administrators who work with the proposed construction of a municipal system of inclusive education, while public educational policy. There was a kind of ethnographic qualitative research applied to education, guided by the question: "What are the knowledge and who subsidize the administrative practice and teaching of school management before the construction of the inclusive school?". The specific objectives of the research were: track the trajectory of the school management before the draft inclusive education in three schools from elementary schools to midsize a city of the state of Sao Paulo, which has adopted as public policy the construction of a municipal system City of inclusive education. The schools selected were the oldest, an intermediate-old and a newly inaugurated; identify the theoretical and philosophical assumptions of administrative practice and teaching of daily school manager and his role in front of building inclusive school. As stages of work, include: 1) literature review of: a) the qualitative research Ethnographic type applied to education, b) principles of autonomy, planning, decentralization, c) training of school manager and d) relationship between school management and construction of inclusive school, 2) data collection in schools; 3)description and categorization of data collected and 4) analysis and interpretation of results. For the development of methodology, were used observations of the participants, semi-structured interviews, analysis of official documents from the school, pictures of physical space. It follows that there is a lack of political-educational project built collectively, difficulty in developing coordinated actions and adapted to the existing problems of interpersonal relationships; a huge gap between policy proposal, the political discourse preached and performed daily pedagogical practice. The school management is, yes, one responsible for building the inclusive school, but its practice is directed to administrative issues in the educational expense.
Proposta para estruturação da gestão da melhoria contínua em uma fabricante de bebidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-23)
Zampini, Carla Simão
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
Due to fast changes in the economic, market, and technological environment, there is a demand of new management models aiming to improve products, processes, services and management systems in order to make business performance sustainable and provides a platform of growth. Therefore, companies have been implementing activities, formal or informal, structured or not, which in some way it results into an improvement, a progress of large-scale action, consequently, competitive advantages in a long term. The aim of this study is to propose the development of a continuous improvement structure to a Brazilian beverage manufacturer. Continuous improvement practices, in this company, are traditionally implemented in a non articulated way according to its business goals, and are informally done. Consequently, it is not sustainable in a long term. This associated with the concept that doesn t exist a final model to implement, because each models need to be adopted according to the company s characteristics was the reason to develop a propose of continuous improvement structure. This study was based on action research method because it tries to bring a proposal based on real problems and a wide search for solutions, through the interaction of researchers and the company members. Literature review helped us to identify some models to manage continuous improvement activities, but every company has to identify the most suitable model according to its needs and specifications. Literature review and diagnosis done by the company, through action research method, allowed a formulation of the organizational problem and the development of a continuous improvement management structure according to the company s strategic goals and needs. We could also give some guide in order to initiate the proposal. This proposal briefly includes four key elements: - Formalization of Continuous Improvement (CI) process: - Alignment to the company strategies; - To bring a good environment and motivation to CI and; - Development of Capacity to CI. All of them together permit an integration of the continuous improvement activities and the alignment to the strategic goals of the company. Recommended activities, in order to have the beginning of the proposal, are the adjustment of the responsibilities and the review of processes and activities that already exist in the company in order to integrate the continuous improvement activities management, supporting the organization learning and management system.
Construção e caracterização do campo acústico de transdutores ultra-sônico piezoelétrico de polarização variável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-23)
Moreira, Danilo Conti
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Eiras, José Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6653223814715498
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9653458434760967
This work was motivated on the great technological and commercial interest of ultrasonic transducer, capable to generate diffraction controlled ultrasonic beams in the frequency range of kHz up to MHz. As a solution, in this work we proposed the construction of Bessel-like transducers, which have the polarization of the piezoelectric constituent element with a Bessel function profile. As a comparative result, conventional transducers were also built. The conventional modes of vibration, thickness and radial, were characterized, aiming to estimate the potential of these transducers for applications in diagnosis, such as: non-destructive tests or medicalultrasonography. The transducers were based on a poled niobium doped PZT ferroelectric ceramics, with disk shape. The polarization profile, of the concentric electroded rings, of the Bessel-like transducer followed the Bessel function (Jo) profile. The characterizations were based on electromechanical and acoustics techniques for the emission, reception and emissionreception (pulse-echo) modes. To the acoustic characterizations (acoustic field) transducers receivers (hydrophones) were also constructed and calibrated as a function of the frequency, to present a linear response in the frequency range for each transducer. The electromechanical characterization provided the impedance spectrum of the vibration modes, and their respective harmonics, for the transmitters and receivers transducers. The characterization of the transducers acoustic field, for both modes, thickness and radial, has shown that on the Bessel-like transducers the diffraction of the central beam can be controlled and/or reduced, if compared with the conventional, or uniform poled transducer. However, the experimental verification of radial mode pattern of the conventional transducer (in the fundamental mode or in each of its harmonics), showed a natural Bessellike transducer behavior, with a typical Bessel polarization profile. Exploring the radial mode can provide a lower frequency of operation (if compared with the thickness mode), allowing one increase of the penetration depth, besides a decreasing on the ultrasound Rayleigh beam distance, with good collimation and good resolutions. The results of this study shown that ultrasonic transducer with non uniform polarization pattern, especially those of Bessel type, are promising materials for applications in ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers, exploring as well the radial mode as the thickness vibration modes.
Busca de produtos naturais como inibidores específicos de enzimas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-24)
Severino, Richele Priscila
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Vieira, Paulo Cezar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8692556857906176
The present work describes the search of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from plants, against enzymes: gGAPDH (glyceraldehydes-3- phosphate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi and lysosomal cathepsins K, V, L and S. This work is divided in two parts: Part I: Study of the oil from the nut shells of Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) - Chagas disease, a parasitic infection caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major public health problem affecting millions of individuals in Latin America. On the basis of the essential role in the life cycle of T. cruzi, the enzyme gGAPDH has been considered an attractive target for the development of novel antitrypanosomatid agents. From the dicloromethane extract of A. occidentale were isolated phenolic compounds which were investigated on their inhibition activity against gGAPDH and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. The most promising compound was the 6-n-pentadecylsalicylic acid (AC1) with IC50 values of 28 μM against gGAPDH and 66.7 μg/mL against trypomastigote forms. In addition, a detailed mechanistic characterization of the effects of AC1 on the T. cruzi gGAPDHcatalyzed reaction showed clear noncompetitive inhibition with respect to both substrate G-3-P and cofactor NAD+. Part II: Study of natural products and synthetic derivatives searching for inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine peptidases - After completing the human genome, eleven lysosomal cysteine peptidases were identified. Those enzymes are involved in general protein degradation. The lysosomal cysteine peptidases are found in various tissues and those are found in many organs. Cathepsin K is associated to bone resorption, cathepsin L to skin cancer, at last cathepsins V and S are associated to the immune system. In this work, four enzymes (cathepsins K, V, L and S) were selected as a molecular target for the identification of new inhibitors. Some potent inhibitors of cathepsin V were found, and a study including kinetic characterization of the most potent inhibitors, including potency (IC50), mechanism of action and constant Ki was carried out. The most promising compound is the acridone alkaloid citbrasine (107), with values of IC50 of 1.2 μM and Ki of 0.24 μM. Moreover, it was determined that citbrasine is a competitive inhibitor against cathepsin V in relation to the substrate ZFRMCA. Additionally, it was carried out the study of molecular modeling for acridone alkaloids that showed significant inhibition of cathepsin V.
A gestão de recursos humanos no setor calçadista: o caso de Franca- SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-24)
Pitangui, Catarine Palmieri
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
The present work approaches the Human Resource organizational practices that characterize the industrial footwear sector. And, specifically, looks a relation betwen the modernization of the management of the human resources and the size of the searched companies. For such, a explanatory research between companies of small, average and great sizes in the Franca-SP footwear industry, a region with great representation in the national industrial sector. This sector is little tied with the ample transformations of the capital. The low barriers to the entrance that this sector presents, allow that people with a cultural source decrease changed themselves into entrepreneurs. The perception of these actors is come back toward the production, for the world of the work in itself, and not for an administrative perception. And this reflects in all the industrial sizes of this industry. Through structuralized interviews applied to the entrepreneurs and/or to the RH management of the considered sample, it was possible to evidence a picture of practical enterprises that characterize the Franca-SP industry of footwear in this direction. The results disclose that the practical ones related to the management of the employees in the searched companies, in its majority, approach to the practical ones of Personal Department. In this sample, only in two of great size searched companies exists a RH functional area with practices more evolved for the people administration.
O pensamento enxuto aplicado ao processo de vendas complexas: proposição de um método para vendas diretas empresa-consumidor e aplicação a um caso real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-27)
Pereira, Bruno Rufato
;
Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
Since first contact with Lean Manufacturing, western scientists have been struggling to understand the philosophy and replicate Toyota s benefits. Lean at the industrial environment is well explored and understood. The actual challenge is the expansion to the non-manufacturing arena. This work uses Lean Thinking to solve a sales problem by using its basic principles to reduce demand variability at direct business-to-consumer sales of complex-type buying behavior. Following methodological considerations, the first step towards making up for the research problem was to set Lean Thinking as a Research Program in the molds of Lakatos (1979) providing a common ground for the expansion of its concepts. Second step, covered at chapter three and with rhythm as its fundamental element, was the construction of the proposed method aimed at stabilizing demand through expanding Lean Thinking s principles to sales front-office. This method has been illustrated at chapter four by describing the implementation of the seven proposed steps in a real company over a two year period. Despite this work has not used quantitative or experimental approaches, the proposed method seems to have potential of reducing demand variability in direct business-to-consumer sales. Future research work might test effectiveness of the method by applying it at similar to studied companies or use the Research Program elaborated at chapter two as a foundation to expand Lean Thinking to other non-manufacturing areas, be them sales-related or not.
Estudos de avalanches de vórtices em filmes supercondutores de Nb e MgB2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-28)
Colauto, Fabiano
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Ortiz, Wilson Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1359627901138085
If a type-II superconductor is cooled down in a zero applied field and subsequently an external field, larger than the first critical field, is applied, vortices enter through the sample borders until they are captured by pinning centers. As a consequence, the system achieves an inhomogeneous flux distribution, with a higher density of vortices near the border that progressively decreases toward the center of the sample. Under a small perturbation this self-organized state can lead to vortex avalanches that rush into the sample due to a thermomagnetic instability process. The motion of magnetic flux generates heat, which suppresses flux pinning and facilitates further flux motion. This provides a positive feedback mechanism that can result in a thermal runaway. The experimental study was accomplished through two techniques: bulk DC magnetometry and magneto-optical imaging. Under certain circumstances, avalanches develop as jumps in magnetization measurements and can also be seen in real time imaging. We have carried out a systematic study of the parameters involved in the occurrence of flux avalanches in superconducting thin films, submitted to perpendicular magnetic fields, a geometry which leads to dendritic profiles of flux penetration. The threshold values of field and temperature that encompass the region where avalanches to develop, as well as the instability boundary dependence on the film thickness, were identified. We have verified how an AC magnetic field influences on vortex avalanches and on the boundaries of instabilities. The study was also performed with an aluminum disk nearby the superconducting film, which suppresses vortex avalanches partially or totally, depending on the distance between film and disk, bringing the material to recover its capability of screening abrupt penetration of magnetic flux.
Efeito do organofosforado triclorfon (Neguvon®) sobre a função cardio-respiratória da Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-28)
Thomaz, Juliana Montovani
;
Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5806403198495084
Trichlorfon (TRC) is a selective organophosphate compound (OPC) widely used to control a variety of arthropod pests, both as an agricultural insecticide and zoo vermicide. In Brazilian fish cultures, TRC is largely used to control Lernaea sp and Argulus sp, two common ectoparasites causing epizooties. The recommended doses vary from 0.1 to 1.0 mg.L-1, but farmers often apply excessive amounts of TRC in fish and agriculture farm management. The goal of this work was to evaluate the sublethal effects of TRC (0.5 mg.L-1 trichlorfon NEGUVON®, during 96 h exposure) on in vivo and in vitro cardio-respiratory function of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The exposure to TRC caused cardiac hypertrophy which would be probably related to the hypertensive effect of the OPCs and/or to the oxidative stress induced by TRC in the heart. TRC not only decreased oxygen uptake ( V& O2 ) values but also increased markedly the critical oxygen tension (PcO2), reducing the ability to maintain a constant O2 uptake. Gill ventilation ( G V& ) increased significantly and progressively in both experimental groups to maintain 2 V& O during hypoxia. These increases in G V& were characterized by larger increases in the tidal volume (VT), whereas respiratory frequency (fR) changed little. A possible explanation for the reduced fR recorded for the TRC group would be a rapid effect of the OPCs in the respiratory nerves due to its anticholinesterasic effect. The lower fR induced by TRC exposure affected G V& during severe hypoxia as this group presented higher VT values, when compared to the controls (C group), only in normoxia and moderate hypoxia. The exposure to TRC significantly reduced heart rate (fH) in all the experimental PO2, when compared to control values. Both C and TRC groups maintained a constant fH and bradycardia was developed at 20 mmHg. The reason for the early reduction in 2 V& O without hypoxic bradycardia could be the inhibition of the oxygen sensors located in the gills by OPCs, which block the hypoxic bradycardia reflex or, alternatively, an indication that this OPC acts directly on the respiratory nerves and not via the central nervous system. The most remarkable effect of TRC exposure in heart muscle preparations was a significant decrease in force development, when compared to C group. Increases in extracellular Ca2+ concentration caused a positive inotropic effect in both experimental groups, but not sufficient to restore the values developed by the controls in TRC group, which indicates that extracellular Ca2+ availability is not a predominant factor to counteract the negative inotropism caused by TRC. In both experimental groups, contractile force decreases as stimulation frequency increases, resulting in a negative force-frequency relationship. However, exposure to TRC changed the curve of maximum frequency downward due to its negative effect on force development, showing that the pumping capacity is also injured by this OPC. Taken together, the results show that TRC significantly impairs the Nile tilapia s cardio-respiratory function, reducing the species capacity to survive prolonged hypoxic conditions.