Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-10-16"

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Desempenho, enzimologia e metabolismo de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com dietas peletizadas e extrusadas com níveis médio e alto de lipídeos e carboidratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-16)
Silva, Claucia Aparecida Honorato da
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8684087124995605
The purpose of this thesis was to study the biochemistry and metabolic adaptive aspects of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed with different diets processing (extrusion or pelletization), wich had high or low levels of carbohydrates and lipids in their composition. It was analyzed growth and biochemical parameters: diet composition parameters, growth performance, efficiency of nutrient retention, filet fatty acids profile, transit velocity, digestibility of protein and energy, digestive enzymes (unspecific proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase and maltase), metabolic responses (glucose, lactate, piruvate, free fatty acids, free amino acids, glycogen, protein and ammonia) metabolic enzymes responses (ALAT, ASAT, GDH, LDH, MDH) and intestinal and liver morphology. We could observe that the different diets processing were affected by the levels of carbohydrates and lipids, where extrusion process showed high dependance of levels of carbohydrates. The zootechnical aproaches revealed protein sparing effect of carbohydrates in pelletized diets and, protein sparing effect of lipids in extruded diets. In relation to digestive enzymes responses it was observed that unspecific protease was induced by low lipids diet levels whereas amylase diminished its response in high lipids diet levels. The metabolic profile reflected different ways to get glucose available to the gluconeogenesis through different metabolic substrates, in order to support the energetic stores. The increase of both carbohydrates and lipids on different processing diets (extrusion or pelletization), support the morphological adaptations of liver and intestine of pacu, resulting in better nutrient absortion. In conclusion, the protein sparing effect may be found as much different carbohydrates and lipids combinations as different diet processing.
Efeitos da estimulação elétrica na adaptação do músculo esquelético desnervado : implicações sobre a expressão gênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-16)
Russo, Thiago Luiz de
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791
Recovery denervated skeletal muscles is a challenge to rehabilitation. The degenerative changes on muscle tissue due to denervation cause muscle fiber atrophy and force generating incapacity impairing the individual daily life activities. Design strategies to treat denervated muscles are important to Physical Therapy. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a resource largely recommended to treat denervated muscles in humans, nevertheless, its effects and mechanisms on muscle adaptation are unclear. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of ES, applied as used in clinical-like situations, e.g., during single sessions, using surface electrodes and considering the changes in muscle excitability, on the denervated skeletal muscle adaptation in rat. The characterization of the muscle excitability pattern was used to choose the best electrical parameters. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry tecnics were used to verify the morphology of denervated muscles submitted to ES. Furthermore, the real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to evaluate the expression of important muscular genes, such as myoD, atrogin-1, metalloproteinase-2 and myostatin. ES was able to regulate many genes on rat denervated muscles; however ES neither avoid muscle fiber atrophy nor detain connective tissue proliferation in theses muscles. The results of this thesis have brought significative contributions to understand the mechanisms of ES, as recommended in rehabilitation, on denervated muscle.
Biorefinaria de soro de queijo: engenharia de bioprocessos e sistemas aplicada à transformação de um resíduo poluente em produtos com valor agregado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-17)
Pinto, Gilson Alexandre
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4382153873386357
The continuous advances in process computing have provided in recent years several sophisticated tools for process analysis and simulation. The effective use of these tools demands the capability to interface with a pre-existent process system hierarchy. Within this perspective, an important issue is to provide meaningful and useful simulation and optimization applications for complex systems that require integration with data-intensive experimentation. This study proposes an integrated environment, using Internet as development platform, for simulation, monitoring, control and optimization of a cheese whey refinery, employing immobilized and stabilized enzymes as catalysts. The multipurpose process described here, the cheese whey biorefinery, provides, besides lactose, whey protein concentrates and hydrolysates that can be applied in food and pharmaceutical formulae. In these circumstances, it is possible to add value to this significant by-product of the dairy industry, avoiding its disposal in natura (what is mostly done by small cheese manufacturers). In parallel, relevant aspects of the enzymatic reactions within the cheese whey biorefinery were investigated. The lumping of substrate molecules in pseudo-components, using a hybrid phenomenological-neural approach for description of the enzymatic depolymerization kinetics, is the suggestion to follow the complex reaction dynamics in biorefinery. During the estimative of model parameters, global search algorithms and different post-fitting statistical strategies were implemented and evaluated. The work, thus, is concerned with two of the main dilemmas/challenges of the present millennium: reduction of environmental problems related to the disposal of agro-industrial residues (i.e., cheese whey) and development of processes for food production from alternative sources (whey refinery). The integrated web application here presented may allow small companies to access a remote engineering centre , with know-how on plant design, economic evaluation and advanced control/optimization techniques. The idea can also be extended to large dairy companies, providing the remote control of sites of production geographically sparse. All implemented algorithms for remote process monitoring and control were validated with data from laboratory-scale assays. The validation of the hydrolytic kinetic models followed the same procedure. According to the achieved results, is possible to conclude that the robustness of the integrated computational environment was demonstrated. The prediction capability of the approaches employed for description of the proteolytic enzymatic reactions was verified, as well.
Perovskitas contendo lantânio, ferro e cobalto - melhoramento de propriedades texturais via síntese por nanomoldagem e avaliação como catalisadores na redução de NO com CO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-20)
Lima, Rita Karolinny Chaves de
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5134026980035802
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
Mixed oxides with perovskite structure have high potential as catalysts in gas depollution processes and particularly in the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Such solids could be considered as a promising alternative for the replacement of noble metals based catalysts, whose use is predominant. Great flexibility of composition, easy synthesis, low cost and high thermal stability justify the special interest in these materials. However, the low specific surface areas (<10 m2/g) of these solids, when prepared by conventional methods, limit your use in catalytic processes. Some efforts have been made in order to overcome that disadvantage. Nevertheless, the preparation of high surface area ternary or multinary oxides is not easy once their synthesis is associated with solid state reactions carried out at high temperatures. Considering the discussed context, perovskites were obtained in this work by means of a conventional method or via sequencial nanocasting. In the first case, perovskites with LaFe1-xCoxO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1) nominal compositions were prepared using the citrate method and nitrate salts as inorganic precursors. In the second case, LaFeO3 and LaFe0.6Co0.4O3 perovskites were obtained by nanocasting using Fluka 05120 activated carbon, Black Pearls 2000 black carbon (Cabot Corporation), and porous carbons nanocasted in Aerosil 200 pyrogenic silica and sílica-SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption measurements, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to characterize the studied solids. The catalytic activity of the prepared perovskites was evaluated in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO and in the oxidation of the latter compound to CO2. According to the obtained results, it was evident that in comparison with the conventional route, the nanocasting technique using carbons as hard template was efficient to obtain the pure perovskite phase with specific surface areas substantially higher (25 a 49 m2/g). The prepared perovskites were highly active and selective in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO, as well as in the oxidation of the latter compound to CO2. The most active samples were those whose B sites contain up to about 30 % Co. However, the activity of these catalysts decreases strongly with the presence of O2 or water steam. The La-Fe nanocasted binary perovskites showed, in the studied reactions, remarkable higher catalytic activity than the perovskite with the same composition prepared using the conventional method. The higher activity of these materials was related with the increase of their specific surface area. The nanocasted ternary perovskites with LaFe0.6Co0.4O3 composition, despite of the significant increase in their specific surface area, did not show a considerable increase in their activity. This result is in agreement with the behaviour of La-Fe-Co ternary perovskites, in which Co occupies a proportion of B sites greater than 30 %.
Gestão escolar : a prática pedagógica administrativa na política de educação inclusiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-22)
Tezani, Thaís Cristina Rodrigues
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Bittar, Marisa
This thesis is addressing the analysis of knowledge involving the practice of teaching and administrative daily school administrators who work with the proposed construction of a municipal system of inclusive education, while public educational policy. There was a kind of ethnographic qualitative research applied to education, guided by the question: "What are the knowledge and who subsidize the administrative practice and teaching of school management before the construction of the inclusive school?". The specific objectives of the research were: track the trajectory of the school management before the draft inclusive education in three schools from elementary schools to midsize a city of the state of Sao Paulo, which has adopted as public policy the construction of a municipal system City of inclusive education. The schools selected were the oldest, an intermediate-old and a newly inaugurated; identify the theoretical and philosophical assumptions of administrative practice and teaching of daily school manager and his role in front of building inclusive school. As stages of work, include: 1) literature review of: a) the qualitative research Ethnographic type applied to education, b) principles of autonomy, planning, decentralization, c) training of school manager and d) relationship between school management and construction of inclusive school, 2) data collection in schools; 3)description and categorization of data collected and 4) analysis and interpretation of results. For the development of methodology, were used observations of the participants, semi-structured interviews, analysis of official documents from the school, pictures of physical space. It follows that there is a lack of political-educational project built collectively, difficulty in developing coordinated actions and adapted to the existing problems of interpersonal relationships; a huge gap between policy proposal, the political discourse preached and performed daily pedagogical practice. The school management is, yes, one responsible for building the inclusive school, but its practice is directed to administrative issues in the educational expense.
Proposta para estruturação da gestão da melhoria contínua em uma fabricante de bebidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-23)
Zampini, Carla Simão
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
Due to fast changes in the economic, market, and technological environment, there is a demand of new management models aiming to improve products, processes, services and management systems in order to make business performance sustainable and provides a platform of growth. Therefore, companies have been implementing activities, formal or informal, structured or not, which in some way it results into an improvement, a progress of large-scale action, consequently, competitive advantages in a long term. The aim of this study is to propose the development of a continuous improvement structure to a Brazilian beverage manufacturer. Continuous improvement practices, in this company, are traditionally implemented in a non articulated way according to its business goals, and are informally done. Consequently, it is not sustainable in a long term. This associated with the concept that doesn t exist a final model to implement, because each models need to be adopted according to the company s characteristics was the reason to develop a propose of continuous improvement structure. This study was based on action research method because it tries to bring a proposal based on real problems and a wide search for solutions, through the interaction of researchers and the company members. Literature review helped us to identify some models to manage continuous improvement activities, but every company has to identify the most suitable model according to its needs and specifications. Literature review and diagnosis done by the company, through action research method, allowed a formulation of the organizational problem and the development of a continuous improvement management structure according to the company s strategic goals and needs. We could also give some guide in order to initiate the proposal. This proposal briefly includes four key elements: - Formalization of Continuous Improvement (CI) process: - Alignment to the company strategies; - To bring a good environment and motivation to CI and; - Development of Capacity to CI. All of them together permit an integration of the continuous improvement activities and the alignment to the strategic goals of the company. Recommended activities, in order to have the beginning of the proposal, are the adjustment of the responsibilities and the review of processes and activities that already exist in the company in order to integrate the continuous improvement activities management, supporting the organization learning and management system.
Construção e caracterização do campo acústico de transdutores ultra-sônico piezoelétrico de polarização variável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-23)
Moreira, Danilo Conti
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Eiras, José Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6653223814715498
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9653458434760967
This work was motivated on the great technological and commercial interest of ultrasonic transducer, capable to generate diffraction controlled ultrasonic beams in the frequency range of kHz up to MHz. As a solution, in this work we proposed the construction of Bessel-like transducers, which have the polarization of the piezoelectric constituent element with a Bessel function profile. As a comparative result, conventional transducers were also built. The conventional modes of vibration, thickness and radial, were characterized, aiming to estimate the potential of these transducers for applications in diagnosis, such as: non-destructive tests or medicalultrasonography. The transducers were based on a poled niobium doped PZT ferroelectric ceramics, with disk shape. The polarization profile, of the concentric electroded rings, of the Bessel-like transducer followed the Bessel function (Jo) profile. The characterizations were based on electromechanical and acoustics techniques for the emission, reception and emissionreception (pulse-echo) modes. To the acoustic characterizations (acoustic field) transducers receivers (hydrophones) were also constructed and calibrated as a function of the frequency, to present a linear response in the frequency range for each transducer. The electromechanical characterization provided the impedance spectrum of the vibration modes, and their respective harmonics, for the transmitters and receivers transducers. The characterization of the transducers acoustic field, for both modes, thickness and radial, has shown that on the Bessel-like transducers the diffraction of the central beam can be controlled and/or reduced, if compared with the conventional, or uniform poled transducer. However, the experimental verification of radial mode pattern of the conventional transducer (in the fundamental mode or in each of its harmonics), showed a natural Bessellike transducer behavior, with a typical Bessel polarization profile. Exploring the radial mode can provide a lower frequency of operation (if compared with the thickness mode), allowing one increase of the penetration depth, besides a decreasing on the ultrasound Rayleigh beam distance, with good collimation and good resolutions. The results of this study shown that ultrasonic transducer with non uniform polarization pattern, especially those of Bessel type, are promising materials for applications in ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers, exploring as well the radial mode as the thickness vibration modes.
Busca de produtos naturais como inibidores específicos de enzimas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-24)
Severino, Richele Priscila
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Vieira, Paulo Cezar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8692556857906176
The present work describes the search of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from plants, against enzymes: gGAPDH (glyceraldehydes-3- phosphate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi and lysosomal cathepsins K, V, L and S. This work is divided in two parts: Part I: Study of the oil from the nut shells of Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) - Chagas disease, a parasitic infection caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major public health problem affecting millions of individuals in Latin America. On the basis of the essential role in the life cycle of T. cruzi, the enzyme gGAPDH has been considered an attractive target for the development of novel antitrypanosomatid agents. From the dicloromethane extract of A. occidentale were isolated phenolic compounds which were investigated on their inhibition activity against gGAPDH and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. The most promising compound was the 6-n-pentadecylsalicylic acid (AC1) with IC50 values of 28 μM against gGAPDH and 66.7 μg/mL against trypomastigote forms. In addition, a detailed mechanistic characterization of the effects of AC1 on the T. cruzi gGAPDHcatalyzed reaction showed clear noncompetitive inhibition with respect to both substrate G-3-P and cofactor NAD+. Part II: Study of natural products and synthetic derivatives searching for inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine peptidases - After completing the human genome, eleven lysosomal cysteine peptidases were identified. Those enzymes are involved in general protein degradation. The lysosomal cysteine peptidases are found in various tissues and those are found in many organs. Cathepsin K is associated to bone resorption, cathepsin L to skin cancer, at last cathepsins V and S are associated to the immune system. In this work, four enzymes (cathepsins K, V, L and S) were selected as a molecular target for the identification of new inhibitors. Some potent inhibitors of cathepsin V were found, and a study including kinetic characterization of the most potent inhibitors, including potency (IC50), mechanism of action and constant Ki was carried out. The most promising compound is the acridone alkaloid citbrasine (107), with values of IC50 of 1.2 μM and Ki of 0.24 μM. Moreover, it was determined that citbrasine is a competitive inhibitor against cathepsin V in relation to the substrate ZFRMCA. Additionally, it was carried out the study of molecular modeling for acridone alkaloids that showed significant inhibition of cathepsin V.
A gestão de recursos humanos no setor calçadista: o caso de Franca- SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-24)
Pitangui, Catarine Palmieri
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
The present work approaches the Human Resource organizational practices that characterize the industrial footwear sector. And, specifically, looks a relation betwen the modernization of the management of the human resources and the size of the searched companies. For such, a explanatory research between companies of small, average and great sizes in the Franca-SP footwear industry, a region with great representation in the national industrial sector. This sector is little tied with the ample transformations of the capital. The low barriers to the entrance that this sector presents, allow that people with a cultural source decrease changed themselves into entrepreneurs. The perception of these actors is come back toward the production, for the world of the work in itself, and not for an administrative perception. And this reflects in all the industrial sizes of this industry. Through structuralized interviews applied to the entrepreneurs and/or to the RH management of the considered sample, it was possible to evidence a picture of practical enterprises that characterize the Franca-SP industry of footwear in this direction. The results disclose that the practical ones related to the management of the employees in the searched companies, in its majority, approach to the practical ones of Personal Department. In this sample, only in two of great size searched companies exists a RH functional area with practices more evolved for the people administration.
O pensamento enxuto aplicado ao processo de vendas complexas: proposição de um método para vendas diretas empresa-consumidor e aplicação a um caso real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-27)
Pereira, Bruno Rufato
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Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
Since first contact with Lean Manufacturing, western scientists have been struggling to understand the philosophy and replicate Toyota s benefits. Lean at the industrial environment is well explored and understood. The actual challenge is the expansion to the non-manufacturing arena. This work uses Lean Thinking to solve a sales problem by using its basic principles to reduce demand variability at direct business-to-consumer sales of complex-type buying behavior. Following methodological considerations, the first step towards making up for the research problem was to set Lean Thinking as a Research Program in the molds of Lakatos (1979) providing a common ground for the expansion of its concepts. Second step, covered at chapter three and with rhythm as its fundamental element, was the construction of the proposed method aimed at stabilizing demand through expanding Lean Thinking s principles to sales front-office. This method has been illustrated at chapter four by describing the implementation of the seven proposed steps in a real company over a two year period. Despite this work has not used quantitative or experimental approaches, the proposed method seems to have potential of reducing demand variability in direct business-to-consumer sales. Future research work might test effectiveness of the method by applying it at similar to studied companies or use the Research Program elaborated at chapter two as a foundation to expand Lean Thinking to other non-manufacturing areas, be them sales-related or not.
Estudos de avalanches de vórtices em filmes supercondutores de Nb e MgB2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-28)
Colauto, Fabiano
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Ortiz, Wilson Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1359627901138085
If a type-II superconductor is cooled down in a zero applied field and subsequently an external field, larger than the first critical field, is applied, vortices enter through the sample borders until they are captured by pinning centers. As a consequence, the system achieves an inhomogeneous flux distribution, with a higher density of vortices near the border that progressively decreases toward the center of the sample. Under a small perturbation this self-organized state can lead to vortex avalanches that rush into the sample due to a thermomagnetic instability process. The motion of magnetic flux generates heat, which suppresses flux pinning and facilitates further flux motion. This provides a positive feedback mechanism that can result in a thermal runaway. The experimental study was accomplished through two techniques: bulk DC magnetometry and magneto-optical imaging. Under certain circumstances, avalanches develop as jumps in magnetization measurements and can also be seen in real time imaging. We have carried out a systematic study of the parameters involved in the occurrence of flux avalanches in superconducting thin films, submitted to perpendicular magnetic fields, a geometry which leads to dendritic profiles of flux penetration. The threshold values of field and temperature that encompass the region where avalanches to develop, as well as the instability boundary dependence on the film thickness, were identified. We have verified how an AC magnetic field influences on vortex avalanches and on the boundaries of instabilities. The study was also performed with an aluminum disk nearby the superconducting film, which suppresses vortex avalanches partially or totally, depending on the distance between film and disk, bringing the material to recover its capability of screening abrupt penetration of magnetic flux.
Efeito do organofosforado triclorfon (Neguvon®) sobre a função cardio-respiratória da Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-28)
Thomaz, Juliana Montovani
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Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5806403198495084
Trichlorfon (TRC) is a selective organophosphate compound (OPC) widely used to control a variety of arthropod pests, both as an agricultural insecticide and zoo vermicide. In Brazilian fish cultures, TRC is largely used to control Lernaea sp and Argulus sp, two common ectoparasites causing epizooties. The recommended doses vary from 0.1 to 1.0 mg.L-1, but farmers often apply excessive amounts of TRC in fish and agriculture farm management. The goal of this work was to evaluate the sublethal effects of TRC (0.5 mg.L-1 trichlorfon NEGUVON®, during 96 h exposure) on in vivo and in vitro cardio-respiratory function of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The exposure to TRC caused cardiac hypertrophy which would be probably related to the hypertensive effect of the OPCs and/or to the oxidative stress induced by TRC in the heart. TRC not only decreased oxygen uptake ( V& O2 ) values but also increased markedly the critical oxygen tension (PcO2), reducing the ability to maintain a constant O2 uptake. Gill ventilation ( G V& ) increased significantly and progressively in both experimental groups to maintain 2 V& O during hypoxia. These increases in G V& were characterized by larger increases in the tidal volume (VT), whereas respiratory frequency (fR) changed little. A possible explanation for the reduced fR recorded for the TRC group would be a rapid effect of the OPCs in the respiratory nerves due to its anticholinesterasic effect. The lower fR induced by TRC exposure affected G V& during severe hypoxia as this group presented higher VT values, when compared to the controls (C group), only in normoxia and moderate hypoxia. The exposure to TRC significantly reduced heart rate (fH) in all the experimental PO2, when compared to control values. Both C and TRC groups maintained a constant fH and bradycardia was developed at 20 mmHg. The reason for the early reduction in 2 V& O without hypoxic bradycardia could be the inhibition of the oxygen sensors located in the gills by OPCs, which block the hypoxic bradycardia reflex or, alternatively, an indication that this OPC acts directly on the respiratory nerves and not via the central nervous system. The most remarkable effect of TRC exposure in heart muscle preparations was a significant decrease in force development, when compared to C group. Increases in extracellular Ca2+ concentration caused a positive inotropic effect in both experimental groups, but not sufficient to restore the values developed by the controls in TRC group, which indicates that extracellular Ca2+ availability is not a predominant factor to counteract the negative inotropism caused by TRC. In both experimental groups, contractile force decreases as stimulation frequency increases, resulting in a negative force-frequency relationship. However, exposure to TRC changed the curve of maximum frequency downward due to its negative effect on force development, showing that the pumping capacity is also injured by this OPC. Taken together, the results show that TRC significantly impairs the Nile tilapia s cardio-respiratory function, reducing the species capacity to survive prolonged hypoxic conditions.
Avaliação de coeficientes de rendimento e modelagem do processo fermentativo de produção de etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-30)
Daré, Raul Marcel
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
The yield ethanol (hP) is one of the most important parameters to be evaluated in the industrial process of alcohol fermentation. Because most plants neither present a reasonable level of automation, nor perform frequent analytical measures during the batch, the hP is currently calculated by methodology based on by-products formed in the process. Such calculation is questioned as to its accuracy because it almost always presents high values of hP. Still, with regard to the process of alcohol fermentation, the kinetic modeling of the fermentation process has been studied extensively. However, the proposed models have not properly represented the industrial process in which the fermenter initially containing the inoculum ( preculture ) is fed with a flow of wort (feeding culture medium) until its filling, following the fermentation, in batch, until the substrate exhaustion. The aim of the present study is propose a new methodology for calculating the yield ethanol (hP) based on material balances. The hP results obtained in the pilot plant (80.5 to 87.9%) and industrial plant (84.2 and 92.1%) presented by the new method tracks near values. However, values of hP obtained by the present methodology were lower than those obtained by the traditional by-products method, currently used by almost all sugar and alcohol mills. Still, a kinetic model was proposed to describe the conventional process of fermentation considering the existence of two cellular performances during the process, with regard to the consumption of substrate and to the production of ethanol. The model properly described the performance of the concentration of cells (CX), substrate (CS) and ethanol (CP) over all cultures, showing that the assumptions considered when preparing the model were concerned about the reality of the phenomenon observed. Finally, estimated values of kinetic parameters of the proposed model showed little variation in different cultures as well as values within a range of literature.
Desenvolvimento de banhos ácidos na presença de poliálcoois para eletrodeposição de liga de Zn-Ni. Caracterização eletroanalítica do processo de deposição e caracterização química, física e morfológica dos filmes de Zn-Ni
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-31)
Oliveira, Edcarlos Moreira de
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Carlos, Ivani Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595243120951121
Development of acid baths in the presence of polyalcohols to Zn-Ni alloy electrodeposition. Electroanalytical caracterization of deposition process and chemical, physical and morphogical caracterization of the Zn-Ni film. In this thesis was studied the effect of added sorbitol, mannitol and glycerol polyalcohols to Zn-Ni alloys elctrodeposition baths, to obtain alloys with contend of Ni between 10 wt % and 18 wt %, and compact and homogeneous electrodeposits. The results showed that the boric acid in the Zn-Ni baths favored Ni deposition (~ 5 wt % - ~ 19 wt %) when the deposition potential and current density became more negative, i.e., from - 1.26 V to -1.55 V and from -25 mA cm-2 to -50 mA cm-2, respectively. The sorbitol or mannitol did not favour significantly the deposition of Zn or Ni. The best deposits were obtained at -1.40 V, onto Pt, from ZnNi2 (0.22M NiSO4 + 0.33M NiCl2 + 0.55M ZnSO4 + 0.26M H3BO3) + 0.52 M mannitol bath and onto steel, at - 50 mA cm-2 from ZnNi1 (0.22M NiSO4 + 0.33M NiCl2 + 0.55M ZnSO4 + 0.13M H3BO3) + 0.39 M sorbitol bath. Zn-Ni alloys electrodeposited onto Pt or 1010 steel substrates, from baths without and with polyalcohols, were formed of four main phases: δ (Zn22Ni3), γ (Zn21Ni5), γ1 (Zn3Ni) and β (ZnNi). The highest current efficiency (CE), 90 %, was obtained from baths contend glycerol. However, the CE range was 82 % - 85 % from baths without polyalcohol or with sorbitol or mannitol. Finally, corrosion test showed that the alloy corrosion potentials (Ecorr) were between the Ecorr of Zn and the Ecorr of steel. Thus, these alloys can be used as sacrificial layers on 1010 steel, with corrosion rate more slow than the Zn electrodeposits.
O sonho feminino de Ícaro : a educação das pioneiras da aviação militar brasileira na Academia da Força Aérea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-31)
Baquim, Cristiane Aparecida
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Nosella, Paolo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6651821822748082
The present project has as objective present the educational process of militaries aviators graduation in the Air Force Academy (AFA), articulating to this questions that appeared from first feminine participation in a officer graduation course, to stablish the main rank of Brazilian Air Force (FAB). It treats of a qualitative search with ethnographic approach, developed in a military institution of FAB career officer graduation, considering all cadets since the first class that starts the Aviators Officers Graduation course in AFA in 2003, until the follow classes culminating in 2007, forming this as search participant. Search, finally, identify as the cadets themselves assimilated the educational process which submitted, searching outline an analysis about these school and social origin, of life in barracks, of learn-teach process, of flight learn of expectation as the career and the personal life, just as the type questions that emerged in consequence of their participation in the barracks atmosphere, traditionally masculine. Also were questioned some flight instructors that influenced in these cadets graduation, with intention demonstrate how these developed their work ahead this new reality, how organized the air instruction, how assimilated the cadets participation in the Air Instruction Squad atmosphere and what the perception they had in aviator learning, as cognitive as psychomotor and military. In organizationals terms, the study showed that didn t have, initially, a project structured aiming attend the questions resulting of women insertion in this atmosphere organized burocrateament and standardized according to discipline and hierarchy pillars. The changes that were happening, a posteriori, suggest that, inspite of atmosphere alterations reported, did not have a structural change capable to stablish new parameters to education and military organization. Finally, with the observations here presented wait with the developed studies in education area, harrowing the bonds between the civil academy and military academy, as show some-analysis that could contribute to a better adaptation of Brazilian Air Force organizational structure to military profile that wait graduate in AFA.
Sistemas orgânicos de produção para a soca da cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp), consorciado com milho (Zea mays), feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) e mandioca (Manihot esculenta)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-31)
Machado, Raphael
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Margarido, Luiz Antonio Correia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5685663057214334
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1339867820029064
Brazil is the major sugar cane grower, and there are two regions (Southeastern and Northeastern) with alternate harvests, which enable it keep its presence in the world market all year long. On the one hand the large sugar mills have the alcohol and sugar as their main products, on the other hand the small producers have found at the rapadura , brown sugar and the cachaça , a way to aggregate value in the market area which is little explored by large sugar mills. Right for these small growers, the organic sugar cane crops together with other basic food crops is a feasible alternative. Considering the total area cultivated with sugar cane, about 20% are from cane-growing plant, and the other 80% grown as ratoon. The general objective of this experiment was to test organic production systems for the sugar cane crops. Aiming a sustainable system for the sugar cane crops. They were tested seven different combinations of consortia with the cane ratoon, totaling eight treatments with the witness (T1: Sugar cane rattoon ; T2: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn; T3: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with beans; T4: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with cassava; (T5)Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn and beans; T6: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn and cassava; T7: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with beans and cassava; T8: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn, beans and cassava], which were analyzed in length, diameter, quantity, productivity and maturation of the cane treatments, in addition to the equivalent index for intermediate area of vii crops in their respective treatments. It can be concluded that the best organic production system for sugar cane crop is the one that is intercropped with corn, for it obtains good productions in both cultures.
Aprendizagem, memória e estresse em Danio rerio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-31)
Cofiel, Luciana Pereira do Vale
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Mattioli, Rosana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5694498670428619
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9589956974312777
SimAffling um ambiente computacional para suporte e simulação do processo de DNA shuffling
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-06)
Cheung, Luciana Montera
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Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1092296906422727
The Molecular Evolution of the living organisms is a slow process that occurs over the years producing mutations and recombinations at the genetic material, i.e. at the DNA. The mutations can occur as nucleotide remotion, insertion and/or substitution at the DNA chain. The Directed Molecular Evolution is an in vitro process that tries to improve biological functions of specific molecules producing mutations at the molecule s genetic material, mimicking the natural process of evolution. Many technics that simulate in vitro molecular evolution, among them the DNA shuffling, have been used aiming to improve specific properties of a variety of commercially important products as pharmaceutical proteins, vaccines and enzymes used in industries. The original DNA shuffling methodology can be sumarized by the following steps: 1) selection of the parental sequences; 2) random fragmentation of the parental sequences by an enzyme; 3) repeated cycles of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), in order to reassemble the DNA fragments produced in the previous step; 4) PCR amplification of the reassembled sequences obtained in step 3). The DNA shuffling technic success can be measured by the number of recombinat molecules found at the DNA shuffling library obtained, since these recombinant molecules potentially have improved functionalities in relation to their parent since their sequence may accumulate beneficial mutations originated from distinct parent sequences. Nowadays some few models can be found in the literature whose purpose is to suggest optimization to this process aiming the increase of the genetic diversity of the DNA shuffling library obtained. This research work presents a comparative study of four models used to predict/estimate the DNA shuffling results. In addition a computational tool for simulating the DNA shuffling proccess is proposed and implemented in an environment where other functionalities related to the analyses of the parental sequences and the resulting sequences from the DNA shuffling library is also implemented.
Linguagem e significado nas investigações filosóficas de Wittgenstein: uma análise do argumento da linguagem privada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-07)
Donat, Mirian
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Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5916890404816294
This thesis analyzes the idea of meaning as language use, developed by Wittgenstein in the Philosophical Investigations, with the specific purpose of understanding the role played by the so-called private language argument in the elaboration of this concept. The concept of meaning as language use, which is based on the language games concepts, forms of life, family resemblance and the rules-following, is presented by Wittgenstein as an alternative to the concepts of meaning that were based on subjective and private experiences, that Wittgenstein considered as one of the images that has caused the greatest misunderstandings for the correct understanding of the language functioning. According to Wittgenstein, the acceptance of this image leads to skepticism concerning meaning, for if we have to accept that the basis of meaning is the subjective experience, we also have to accept that the association between word and experience takes place privately as well as accept the existence of subjective criteria of discrimination and identification of experiences, consequently subjective criteria for the correction or not of the use of the corresponding words. Now, according to Wittgenstein, a subjective criterion is not in fact a criterion and, opposing to this notion, he states that language has always a common origin and use and that, because of this, meaning always depends on this common use of words that happens in language games that, in turn, are developed in opposition to the forms of life background. The private language argument plays an important role for the elaboration of the concept of meaning as use, because with this argument Wittgenstein intends to demonstrate that, even for subjective experiences, for that which seems absolutely private, it is necessary to have public criteria of discrimination and identification.
Estudos dos processos digestivos proteolítico e amilohidrolítico de juvenis de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887), alimentados com níveis crescentes de proteína
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-07)
Visentainel, Joyce
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0294200651712537
The knowledge on digestive enzymes allows understanding same aspects of animal nutritional needs and dietary components effects on the activity of those enzymes. Considering the lack on the information about proteolytic and enzymes from the gut wall versus digesta in P.mesopotamicus, it is interesting to see the behavior, distribution and production dynamic of those enzymes. Initially the investigation of digestive processes was proposed in the gut wall and digesta of pacu juveniles over distinct time intervals (0,5; 2; 6; 12 and 24 hours) following the last feeding. At a second time, the digestive aspects in the wall and digesta of pacu were investigated in fish fed with four levels of crude protein (20, 26, 32 and 38%). The digestive, unespecific-proteolytic enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase were assayed in all sections of digestive tract (stomach, piloric cecae, foregut and hindgut) in the first and in the second experiment. The results from the first experiment have shown that pacu presents digestive enzyme activity from the post-prandial moment until 24 hours post-feeding, either in the gut wall or in digesta. However, such enzymatic activity is much differentiated, either to different enzymes types or to different gut sections. In the second experiment our results have shown that digestive amylase and proteases were responsive to the levels of dietary carbohydrate and protein. Moreover, the enzymatic secretion may be direct or conversally proportional to specific substrat of diet and dependent on the enzyme and the gut section. In conclusion the protein production is impaired by fasting longer than 12 hours and the enzyme gut content from all gut is not emptied in consequence of feeding. The alkaline protease content is proportional to its gut wall content. The digestive enzyme of pacu are induced by dietary protein and carbohydrate concentrations.