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Desenvolvimento de banhos ácidos na presença de poliálcoois para eletrodeposição de liga de Zn-Ni. Caracterização eletroanalítica do processo de deposição e caracterização química, física e morfológica dos filmes de Zn-Ni
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-31)
Oliveira, Edcarlos Moreira de
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Carlos, Ivani Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595243120951121
Development of acid baths in the presence of polyalcohols to Zn-Ni alloy electrodeposition. Electroanalytical caracterization of deposition process and chemical, physical and morphogical caracterization of the Zn-Ni film. In this thesis was studied the effect of added sorbitol, mannitol and glycerol polyalcohols to Zn-Ni alloys elctrodeposition baths, to obtain alloys with contend of Ni between 10 wt % and 18 wt %, and compact and homogeneous electrodeposits. The results showed that the boric acid in the Zn-Ni baths favored Ni deposition (~ 5 wt % - ~ 19 wt %) when the deposition potential and current density became more negative, i.e., from - 1.26 V to -1.55 V and from -25 mA cm-2 to -50 mA cm-2, respectively. The sorbitol or mannitol did not favour significantly the deposition of Zn or Ni. The best deposits were obtained at -1.40 V, onto Pt, from ZnNi2 (0.22M NiSO4 + 0.33M NiCl2 + 0.55M ZnSO4 + 0.26M H3BO3) + 0.52 M mannitol bath and onto steel, at - 50 mA cm-2 from ZnNi1 (0.22M NiSO4 + 0.33M NiCl2 + 0.55M ZnSO4 + 0.13M H3BO3) + 0.39 M sorbitol bath. Zn-Ni alloys electrodeposited onto Pt or 1010 steel substrates, from baths without and with polyalcohols, were formed of four main phases: δ (Zn22Ni3), γ (Zn21Ni5), γ1 (Zn3Ni) and β (ZnNi). The highest current efficiency (CE), 90 %, was obtained from baths contend glycerol. However, the CE range was 82 % - 85 % from baths without polyalcohol or with sorbitol or mannitol. Finally, corrosion test showed that the alloy corrosion potentials (Ecorr) were between the Ecorr of Zn and the Ecorr of steel. Thus, these alloys can be used as sacrificial layers on 1010 steel, with corrosion rate more slow than the Zn electrodeposits.
O sonho feminino de Ícaro : a educação das pioneiras da aviação militar brasileira na Academia da Força Aérea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-31)
Baquim, Cristiane Aparecida
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Nosella, Paolo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6651821822748082
The present project has as objective present the educational process of militaries aviators graduation in the Air Force Academy (AFA), articulating to this questions that appeared from first feminine participation in a officer graduation course, to stablish the main rank of Brazilian Air Force (FAB). It treats of a qualitative search with ethnographic approach, developed in a military institution of FAB career officer graduation, considering all cadets since the first class that starts the Aviators Officers Graduation course in AFA in 2003, until the follow classes culminating in 2007, forming this as search participant. Search, finally, identify as the cadets themselves assimilated the educational process which submitted, searching outline an analysis about these school and social origin, of life in barracks, of learn-teach process, of flight learn of expectation as the career and the personal life, just as the type questions that emerged in consequence of their participation in the barracks atmosphere, traditionally masculine. Also were questioned some flight instructors that influenced in these cadets graduation, with intention demonstrate how these developed their work ahead this new reality, how organized the air instruction, how assimilated the cadets participation in the Air Instruction Squad atmosphere and what the perception they had in aviator learning, as cognitive as psychomotor and military. In organizationals terms, the study showed that didn t have, initially, a project structured aiming attend the questions resulting of women insertion in this atmosphere organized burocrateament and standardized according to discipline and hierarchy pillars. The changes that were happening, a posteriori, suggest that, inspite of atmosphere alterations reported, did not have a structural change capable to stablish new parameters to education and military organization. Finally, with the observations here presented wait with the developed studies in education area, harrowing the bonds between the civil academy and military academy, as show some-analysis that could contribute to a better adaptation of Brazilian Air Force organizational structure to military profile that wait graduate in AFA.
Sistemas orgânicos de produção para a soca da cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp), consorciado com milho (Zea mays), feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) e mandioca (Manihot esculenta)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-31)
Machado, Raphael
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Margarido, Luiz Antonio Correia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5685663057214334
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1339867820029064
Brazil is the major sugar cane grower, and there are two regions (Southeastern and Northeastern) with alternate harvests, which enable it keep its presence in the world market all year long. On the one hand the large sugar mills have the alcohol and sugar as their main products, on the other hand the small producers have found at the rapadura , brown sugar and the cachaça , a way to aggregate value in the market area which is little explored by large sugar mills. Right for these small growers, the organic sugar cane crops together with other basic food crops is a feasible alternative. Considering the total area cultivated with sugar cane, about 20% are from cane-growing plant, and the other 80% grown as ratoon. The general objective of this experiment was to test organic production systems for the sugar cane crops. Aiming a sustainable system for the sugar cane crops. They were tested seven different combinations of consortia with the cane ratoon, totaling eight treatments with the witness (T1: Sugar cane rattoon ; T2: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn; T3: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with beans; T4: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with cassava; (T5)Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn and beans; T6: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn and cassava; T7: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with beans and cassava; T8: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn, beans and cassava], which were analyzed in length, diameter, quantity, productivity and maturation of the cane treatments, in addition to the equivalent index for intermediate area of vii crops in their respective treatments. It can be concluded that the best organic production system for sugar cane crop is the one that is intercropped with corn, for it obtains good productions in both cultures.
Aprendizagem, memória e estresse em Danio rerio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-10-31)
Cofiel, Luciana Pereira do Vale
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Mattioli, Rosana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5694498670428619
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9589956974312777
SimAffling um ambiente computacional para suporte e simulação do processo de DNA shuffling
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-06)
Cheung, Luciana Montera
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Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1092296906422727
The Molecular Evolution of the living organisms is a slow process that occurs over the years producing mutations and recombinations at the genetic material, i.e. at the DNA. The mutations can occur as nucleotide remotion, insertion and/or substitution at the DNA chain. The Directed Molecular Evolution is an in vitro process that tries to improve biological functions of specific molecules producing mutations at the molecule s genetic material, mimicking the natural process of evolution. Many technics that simulate in vitro molecular evolution, among them the DNA shuffling, have been used aiming to improve specific properties of a variety of commercially important products as pharmaceutical proteins, vaccines and enzymes used in industries. The original DNA shuffling methodology can be sumarized by the following steps: 1) selection of the parental sequences; 2) random fragmentation of the parental sequences by an enzyme; 3) repeated cycles of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), in order to reassemble the DNA fragments produced in the previous step; 4) PCR amplification of the reassembled sequences obtained in step 3). The DNA shuffling technic success can be measured by the number of recombinat molecules found at the DNA shuffling library obtained, since these recombinant molecules potentially have improved functionalities in relation to their parent since their sequence may accumulate beneficial mutations originated from distinct parent sequences. Nowadays some few models can be found in the literature whose purpose is to suggest optimization to this process aiming the increase of the genetic diversity of the DNA shuffling library obtained. This research work presents a comparative study of four models used to predict/estimate the DNA shuffling results. In addition a computational tool for simulating the DNA shuffling proccess is proposed and implemented in an environment where other functionalities related to the analyses of the parental sequences and the resulting sequences from the DNA shuffling library is also implemented.
Linguagem e significado nas investigações filosóficas de Wittgenstein: uma análise do argumento da linguagem privada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-07)
Donat, Mirian
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Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5916890404816294
This thesis analyzes the idea of meaning as language use, developed by Wittgenstein in the Philosophical Investigations, with the specific purpose of understanding the role played by the so-called private language argument in the elaboration of this concept. The concept of meaning as language use, which is based on the language games concepts, forms of life, family resemblance and the rules-following, is presented by Wittgenstein as an alternative to the concepts of meaning that were based on subjective and private experiences, that Wittgenstein considered as one of the images that has caused the greatest misunderstandings for the correct understanding of the language functioning. According to Wittgenstein, the acceptance of this image leads to skepticism concerning meaning, for if we have to accept that the basis of meaning is the subjective experience, we also have to accept that the association between word and experience takes place privately as well as accept the existence of subjective criteria of discrimination and identification of experiences, consequently subjective criteria for the correction or not of the use of the corresponding words. Now, according to Wittgenstein, a subjective criterion is not in fact a criterion and, opposing to this notion, he states that language has always a common origin and use and that, because of this, meaning always depends on this common use of words that happens in language games that, in turn, are developed in opposition to the forms of life background. The private language argument plays an important role for the elaboration of the concept of meaning as use, because with this argument Wittgenstein intends to demonstrate that, even for subjective experiences, for that which seems absolutely private, it is necessary to have public criteria of discrimination and identification.
Estudos dos processos digestivos proteolítico e amilohidrolítico de juvenis de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887), alimentados com níveis crescentes de proteína
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-07)
Visentainel, Joyce
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0294200651712537
The knowledge on digestive enzymes allows understanding same aspects of animal nutritional needs and dietary components effects on the activity of those enzymes. Considering the lack on the information about proteolytic and enzymes from the gut wall versus digesta in P.mesopotamicus, it is interesting to see the behavior, distribution and production dynamic of those enzymes. Initially the investigation of digestive processes was proposed in the gut wall and digesta of pacu juveniles over distinct time intervals (0,5; 2; 6; 12 and 24 hours) following the last feeding. At a second time, the digestive aspects in the wall and digesta of pacu were investigated in fish fed with four levels of crude protein (20, 26, 32 and 38%). The digestive, unespecific-proteolytic enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase were assayed in all sections of digestive tract (stomach, piloric cecae, foregut and hindgut) in the first and in the second experiment. The results from the first experiment have shown that pacu presents digestive enzyme activity from the post-prandial moment until 24 hours post-feeding, either in the gut wall or in digesta. However, such enzymatic activity is much differentiated, either to different enzymes types or to different gut sections. In the second experiment our results have shown that digestive amylase and proteases were responsive to the levels of dietary carbohydrate and protein. Moreover, the enzymatic secretion may be direct or conversally proportional to specific substrat of diet and dependent on the enzyme and the gut section. In conclusion the protein production is impaired by fasting longer than 12 hours and the enzyme gut content from all gut is not emptied in consequence of feeding. The alkaline protease content is proportional to its gut wall content. The digestive enzyme of pacu are induced by dietary protein and carbohydrate concentrations.
Estudo de impacto de vizinhança e licenciamento urbanístico-ambiental : desafios e inovações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-07)
Tomanik, Raquel
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Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4833979575266969
The Neighborhood Impact Study (NIS), urban instrument introduced by the Status of the City Federal Law nº. 10.257 of 2001 , has been studied in this work so as to verify its applicability in integrated licensing procedures. We have sought to establish relations of affinity and complementation between NIS and other instruments in support to the territorial planning and management, based on the review of bibliographic concepts and methods in analysis and evaluation of urban and environmental impacts. Then we have traced the NIS path, from founding principles, such as the concern to minimize hassles from building in surrounding lots, until its consolidation as a tool of mitigation and compensation of the negative reflexes of the urban development. The analysis of the implementation processes in Araraquara e Santo André has enabled the verification of the potentialities and problems of the application of NIS in integrated urban-environmental licensing, noting some guidelines for regulating of the instrument in other locations.
Isomerização do N-hexano sobre catalisadores Pt-Ni suportados na zeólita H-BEA nanocristalina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-11)
Lima, Patrícia Moreira
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
This work had as a goal to investigate the main factors that explain the highest activity of zeolite Beta in relation to the other zeolitic structures, using the n-hexane isomerization as a criterion. With this goal, in this work monometallic catalysts of Pt and Ni, and bimetallic catalysts Pt-Ni were prepared using the commercial zeolite Beta with Si/Al global ratio equal to 9,0. For comparison, catalysts Pt-Ni supported on zeolite H-USY with Si/Al framework ratio equal to 11,0 were prepared. The method utilized to disperse the metals in the zeolite was the competitive ion exchange, using as precursors the amin complexes: [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2 and [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2. The catalysts were prepared with different molar contents of metal: 80, 130, 180 and 230 μmol metal/ gcat. After the ion exchange, the materials were calcined at 500 ºC under air flow and reduced by the method designated as 'rapid activation', in which a high rate heating and a high hydrogen flow are applied. The zeolites were characterized by XRD, 29Si MAS-NMR, 27Al MAS-NMR, HRSEM, HRTEM, ZLC and IR with adsorption of pyridine. The samples containing the metals were characterized by TPR, HRTEM and Hydrogen Chemisorption, and evaluated in n-hexane isomerization at 230 ºC. The zeolite Beta used (Si/Alglobal = 9,0) consists of nanosized crystallites (20-30 nm) aggregates, determined by HRTEM analysis. This result is too close to the average diameter of the crystallites obtained by XRD that was 14 nm. The influence of zeolite crystallites size in the desorption rates of n-paraffins was observed by ZLC method. The desorption curves obtained from zeolite Beta were well faster when compared to the ones obtained from zeolite USY (800 nm). The acidity analysis by IR with adsorption of pyridine showed that zeolite H-BEA presents lower quantity of Brønsted acid sites than zeolite H-USY, however these sites are stronger. Pt-Ni/HBEA catalysts showed much higher activity than Pt-Ni/HUSY ones. This behavior can be related to the much smaller crystallites of zeolite Beta, which increases the diffusion of molecules. Besides this, the very small crystallites of zeolite Beta increase the reduction of the metallic cations and the metals dispersion in the Pt-Ni/HBEA catalysts, what was observed by the TPR and Hydrogen Chemisorption techniques, respectively. Among the bimetallic samples with different Pt and Ni proportions, the higher activity was observed with the catalyst containing 60 % of Pt and 40 % of Ni. This result is very interesting due the costs reduction in relation to the platinum monometallic catalyst.
Inferência do valor de mercado de lotes urbanos. Estudo de caso : município de São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-13)
Ferraudo, Guilherme Moraes
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2096118558794430
In this dissertation we present a regression modelling proposal for modelling the market prices of urban batches at São Carlos city (SP), over the year of 2005. Usual regression modelling and survival techniques, with left censoring, are considered. A simulation study exames the coverage probabilities the asymptotic confidence for the parameters of the considered modelling.
Agricultura familiar: estratégias produtivas de base ecológica e aplicação de princípios da agroecologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-17)
Almeida, Gustavo Fonseca de
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Abreu, Lucimar Santiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7025928931374268
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047414364638794
The master dissertation presents an analysis about the production strategies of certified units of a familiar smalholders cooperative from Itápolis - SP. It was verified, at those unities, the application of agroecological principles recommended by the ecological based agriculture, in observance to the agrobiodiversity, material recycling and the social-economic aspects from the agroecology conversion and transition process. The research was developed through the complementarities provided by a combination of sociological and agronomic research methods, it means, qualitative interviews and questionnaire application with semi-structured questions. It was concluded that the establishment of economic relationships between the cooperative and an international market entity stimulates an expressive growing in the production diversity. Besides, it also generates the application of different principles of ecological based agriculture, as well as providing a visible attitude change in the natural resource exploration in this region which is placed in a hydrological basin considerated one of the most depredated basins of the Sao Paulo State in terms of native forests and pollution by chemicals and pesticides.
Caracterização de vila inserida no contexto urbano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-18)
Silva, Regina Ferreira da
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Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6256274895890254
This dissertation initiates with a brief historical revision of Brazilian industrialization process from the end of nineteenth century on. The industrialization process, and consequence rural exodus, produced several transformations in the society, amongst them, the emergence of the so-called workers' villages with purpose of providing accommodation to the workforce and, besides that, keep them close to the industrial plant. It studies the initial occupation and the current situation of some workers' villages in both capital city and country side cities of the state of São Paulo. It demonstrates the changes that have occurred in the occupying public of this type of habitation, and also shows how both the modern urbanism and the sustainable urbanism concepts have been adapted to the new villages. In the beginning, these villages were destined to the workers' class. With elapsing of the years, they became object of search of the middle classes and average-high class. They have realized how practical is to live in these small nuclei, in downtown or near to the urban center zone, with the convenience and individuality of a house, allied to the privacy and security that this type of residential arrangement offers. That combined has increased the value of this type of housing and has stimulated the real estate market to invest in new nuclei.
Monitoramento e controle de emissão de material particulado em uma fonte estacionária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-19)
Almeida Filho, Francisco de
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0541083513079994
The goal of this study was the monitoring of emissions by sources in Lower Furnace Production of Iron-alloy and Steam Generators of Industry Production of Alcohol. This tracking emission of pollutants was conducted after the equipment of Control Issue performed by Filters in a Bag House in the Iron-alloy Industries Washers and in a Scrubber in Alcohol Industries. The sampling of material was accomplished through Isokinetic Collector Sample using the Isokinetic Collector of Atmospheric Pollutants (CIPA) which allows the sampling of representative quantity of gas flow and retention this material in absolute Particulate filter. Sampling and analysis of gas was made at same time using an Electrochemical Gas Analyzer for determining the levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and oxygen present in the effluent gas. In the Iron-alloy Industry the effectiveness of the control of particulate matter inside of the Bag House was at safe levels and given the specifications of Environmental Quality. Other relevant factor to the maintenance of good level of control was the efficiency of the Gases Cooling System which allowed the safe working of the Bag House without fluctuations in temperature that could put at risk the constituent material of the fabric filters and also using a Program for Preventive Maintenance System for Control of the Emissions keeps it was in perfect conditions of operation and avoiding defects or failures in controllers environmental. In the Sugar and Alcohol Industry you can see the System Control that must meet the limits imposed by regional bodies through control of emissions standards and limits still needs of improvements to decrease emissions within the new concept of cleaner production. Finally it finds that the emissions are presented with the values of issuing measured within the limits allowed by the Environmental Bodies. Its systematic monitoring will allow the maintenance of results within the environmental parameters which one can achieve higher levels of environmental control through reventive measures and monitoring.
Tendência à sustentabilidade ecológica de loteamentos no município de Bauru/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-20)
Garbelotti, Paulo Roberto Gervasio
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
Cities, big poles of development and also generators of social and spatial segregation, are suffering the pressure on urban systems and sanitation because of uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization by the rural exodus, causing irregular occupations in environmentally fragile areas. In this work ,it was searched the assessment of sustainability in its several aspects, through land fragmentation project analysis in the city of Bauru, Sao Paulo, selected according to criteria of location, size of business, size of lots, date of approval, surveys and survey data, including checking the implementation of it. With the acquisition of data, it was promoted comparative analysis between the project approved and its implementation and also between the several aspects of land division recorded on the projects analyzed using as reference the "PESMU - Sustained Urban Planning of Urban," through their subcomponents, allowing the assessment of the trend of ecological sustainability. Knowing these aspects of ecological sustainability and beyond for situations close to the sites and analyzed for parameters for setting up new ventures and lots in the city, especially when the issues of the region and the deployment are similar, with the aim of improving the inhabitants quality of life of the place approached.
Macroinvertebrados bentônicos como indicadores de qualidade da água em rios e reservatórios da bacia hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-20)
Pareschi, Daniela Cambeses
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Tundisi, Takako Matsumura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7789295211200946
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3758797802020831
The community of benthic macroinvertebrates from 21 pre-selected sample points, including rivers and reservoirs at the Tiete-Jacaré (SP) watershed, were sampled during periods of drought (jun/05) and rain (feb/08), using artificial substrates filled with expanded clay (1 month of colonization), as well as samples of natural substrate with Ekman-Birge dredger and core. The objective of this study was to analyze the richness and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates (identified until the level of family, except for Chironomidae, which was identified until the level of gender) and it s relation to water quality, under two methods of sampling, artificial substrates and natural substrates, comparing also lotic and lentic systems. Several metrics were applied, such as BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party) and adaptations, the IBB (Belgian Biotic Index),% EPT and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, in order to verify it s relationship to water quality, analyzing physical, chemical and biological parameters of water and sediment. The artificial substrates were efficient in the colonization of the benthic macroinvertebrate both in rivers and reservoirs, providing greater richness and abundance than the samples with dredge or core. Most of the families collected with dredge or core were represented by Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Mollusca, while in artificial substrates, a greater variety of orders of insects, crustaceans and other organisms were found. Greater richness and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates, including groups that are sensitive to pollution as Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera, were found in more preserved places, with the presence of riparian vegetation and good water quality (low values of electrical conductivity, total phosphorus and fecal coliform). In places affected by sewage pollution, the greater abundance and dominance was found, especially from organisms that are tolerant to organic pollution, such as Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Hirudinea. The genera of the family Chironomidae, Tanytarsus and Rheotanytarsus, were associated with better water quality, while the gender Chironomus gr. decorus occurred in great abundance in places impacted by domestic sewage. The application of biotic indices of water quality, BMWP and IBB, was satisfactory for both rivers and to the margins of reservoirs, although in the rainy season the results were not satisfactory, because of the loss of organisms.
A criança e a infância nos documentos da ONU: a produção da criança como 'portadora de direitos' e a infância como 'capital humano do futuro'
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-20)
Oliveira, Fabiana de
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9670033909365792
The developed research is characterized as a documental base study of a qualitative nature related to the United Nations (UN) and to the idea of child and childhood produced by this agency. The relevance to the development of the investigation is based on the importance of this agency in the production of new senses about the child and the childhood in the legal field, resulting in a transference of the childhood sense produced in the 18th century by the historical discourse as well as by the limitation of works involving this knowledge area. The research objectives were: to analyze the senses NU constructed along its existence about the idea of childhood; to investigate the produced conception of child and childhood; to explore and analyze the UN s practices related to the idea of childhood present in the documents. The research was developed considering the analysis of the three following documents produced by UN: The Genebra Declaration of 1924, The Child Rights Declaration of 1959 and the Convention on Child Rights of 1989. Peharps, the NU s documents do not point exactly to a conception of child and childhood, but they certainly give us clues of how the child and childhood, derived from this, should be transformed. UN is being understood as a dispositive of government concerning the children as a specific population managed by both the biopower and the norm that use the Right and its legal discourse (materialized through the Declarations for the children) to rule, control and produce its legal discourse in the contest for the production of the truth on childhood. The comprehension of the notion of Right is being understood based on Foucault, not as something strictly linked to the legal aspect, but considering a widest perspective which associates it to the norm. The child who bears rights and the childhood, as human capital of the future , will de considered as the effect of an intricate net of powers that confer it a given place, a subjectiveness and practices that govern it.
Um cotidiano ritualizado : a temporalidade militar em perspectiva etnográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-21)
Souza, Alexandre Colli de
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Leirner, Piero de Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883880276055777
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0346524694289248
This dissertation thinks the temporality between the military through an ethnographic perspective. The pioneering works of anthropologists with armed forces in Brazil sought the understanding of the military through ethnographic perspective and escaped the dominant perspective of this issue so far: the relationship between military and politics. That look "inside" showed other perspectives of military sociability as its own vision of the military as a distinct group from the rest of citizens, a group with a set of inherent and exclusive features as well as a cosmology in which the hierarchy operates as logical classifier of all relations. These works raised suggestions I try to explore here, especially regarding the military temporality and its intersection with anthropological discussion of rituals. Within the theoretical anthropology production, ritual studies are constituted as a polyphonic field, producing a series of debates and different conceptions among themselves but always associated with the classic oppositions that founded the anthropological thought (individual / society, empiricism / rationalism ). By relating these two fields, I initially observed a series of data that led to think that the military temporality is lived and thought in understanding scheme in which time and actions could not simply be classified by the dichotomy that opposes the ritual moments and a routine (as a time less prescribed). The observation of military news, manuals, regulations, and reports indicated that all times of military life were marked by a series of regulations, codes of conduct regarding the physical appearance, body postures, uniform, internal behavior and external to the barracks, as well as for a variety of situations in which a military can pass. The military also have a complex series of celebrations and regulatory events in which directions on etiquette, protocol and ceremonial give way to how things should occur. The idea that these two fields, the regulation of the common life and the standardization of events, could not be treated as opposing ideas that guided the search for sociability data between military that become palpable the observation of that specific temporality, not dichotomous, which until then was a suggestive note. These results are presented here. In the opening chapter we present the background that led to the problem of this research, presenting ethnographies with military and anthropological discussion of rituals, and even at the end of this chapter, beginning the description of my insertion in the field. In the second chapter we present an analysis of military celebrations and events and in the third, the set of prescriptions ordering the training and the daily conduct of life of the military in many ways. Finally, I retake to discussion of the rites in the light of military temporality and its continuity solution, that smooth the classic opposition between ritual and daily life.
Inventário ictiofaunístico de dois rios de altitude do planalto serrano catarinense, alto rio Uruguai, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-24)
Pereira, Karla Conceição
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Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9188348433434383
The fish presence and abundance in local assemblies are influenced by several biotic and non-biotic factors, which work and interact in different spatial and temporal scales (MATTHEWS, 1998). The present study aimed at performing the ichthyologic inventory in the headwaters of the rivers Caronas (Pelotas River basin) and Caveiras (Canoas River basin), sub-basins from the region of Santa Catarina State s Plateau, Alto Uruguai River basin, Brazil. The samplings took place monthly in two regions (lentic and lotic parts) during the period from February 2006 to January 2007, with a total of 48 samples. Nets varying from 2 to 7 cm in mesh size were disposed during 24 hours (starting from 12 pm) and were checked 3 times. Additionally were used hand line, catueiros , covos and tarrafas fishing devices. The samples were properly labeled and fixed in 10% formalin. A total of 162 specimens were caught, 72 from Caronas river (29 specimens in the lentic part and 43 in the lotic part) and 90 from Caveiras river (46 specimens in the lentic part and 44 in the lotic part), belonging to 9 species, 5 Families and 3 Orders. It was registered the occurrence of an exotic species Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) in both rivers. Among the captured individuals, two species of Astyanax were constant on the studied habitats. According to the Jaccard qualitative Index application, it was recorded higher similarity values to the lentic parts from both rivers, although using the Bray-Curtis quantitative Index, it was shown that higher estimated values were seen among the lentic parts from both rivers and the lotic part from the Caveiras River. In general, both the qualitative and quantitative similarities presented relatively higher values, suggesting a great similarity in the ichthyofaunistic composition between the habitats in both rivers. Regarding biomass, similar values were registered to both rivers, corresponding to 6.222,64 g in Caronas River and 7.152,52 g in Caveiras River. The feeding items which presented higher frequencies of occurrence in the stomachs contents were: 22,8% of insects (aquatic stages), nematodes parts (14,3%) and terrestrials plants (13,1%), in Caronas River, and 24,4% of insects (aquatic stages), sand (12,7%), nematodes parts (11,7%), in Caveiras River. It was noticeable that the habitats were very alike in terms of specific richness and dominance. The species Rineloricaria sp, Pimelodus absconditus, Astyanax sp 1, Astyanax sp 2, Oligosarcus brevioris and Oncorhynchus mykiss had occurred in both habitats from both rivers; Hoplias malabaricus was not present only in the lotic part of Caveiras River; Rhamdia quelen was present in the lentic part from both rivers and Hypostomus isbrueckeri was restricted to the lotic part of Caronas River. Comparing the Kr values for the two species of Astyanax sp and analizing the distinct studied habitats, it was verified values upper 1,0 in the lentic part of Caveiras River. The results evidenced relatively low richness of species and low frequencies of occurrence on the ichthyofauna studied. It was also noticeable the predominance of the widely forager species Astyanax sp 1, and the presence of the exotic species rainbow trout in both rivers, which represents a risk to the native fish species at the same time that potentially threaten the fish diversity in those localities.
Toxicidade aguda, efeitos metabólicos e hematológicos subletais do fenol em pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-25)
Figueiredo, Juliana Sá Leal de
;
Moraes, Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9691216145271574
Phenol compounds and their derivatives are usually found in wastewaters. They may rise in aquatic environments from industry, sewage and country-farm wastes. In the present study we intended to determine the acute toxicity of phenol (LC50-96 hours) and its effects on intermediary metabolism and hematology of pacu exposed to sublethal concentration for 96h. In addition, recovery was evaluated after one week. For such, glucose, pyruvate, lactate, protein, amino acids, ammonia and glycogen were gauged in liver, white muscle and plasma after 96h of phenol exposure. Sodium, potassium and chloride were quantified in plasma. Activities of ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) were assayed in white muscle and liver. The hematological parameters: hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counting, plus the hematimetric indices: MCV, MCH, MCHC were determined. At the end of the recovery period the tissue metabolites were quantified, ions concentration was estimated in the plasma and haematological parameters were determined. The results depicted a CL50-96h of 33 mg/L for pacu. After 96h of sublethal exposure to phenol it was observed: protein decrease, free amino acids increase and activity rise of ALAT and ASAT in white muscle. This is very suggestive of muscle proteolysis. In liver and plasma the levels of glucose, free amino acids and lactate were augmented. Hyperlactemia may be a sign of anaerobic metabolism increase. Augmented values of hematocrit, total hemoglobin and red cell counting may be ought to anaerobic metabolism. After recovery, the fish showed muscle glycogenolysis and reduction of pyruvate levels. The hyperlactemia was still remained. In the liver, protein levels were diminished and glycogen, glucose and lactate were increased. In this work, the stress and toxicity caused by phenol in pacu were clearly observed as well as the metabolic and hematologic processes were visibly affected.
Modelagem, simulação e otimização de transformadores piezoelétricos de modo radial para aplicações em conversão de potência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-26)
Barros, Marcelo Henrique Martins de
;
Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8514491119497005
This work seeks to improve the modeling, analysis and the optimization of the parameters of piezoelectric transformer (PT) built with polarized Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 electro-ceramics for applications in power conversion, as well as to characterize them. The main motivation resides in the great similarity of the electric model of the PT in relation to the LC resonant tanks plus magnetic transformer commonly employees in AC/DC and DC/DC power converters. Such similarity could make possible its application in power conversion, with good energy efficiency, as well as reduction of volume, weight, complexity, cost and electromagnetic emission, when compared to the converters based on magnetic devices, that today dominate almost all the applications. The power conversion accomplished in way more and more rational and with low losses of energy it is, without a doubt, one of the great concern of our time, for the expressive economic and environment impacts. A PT is a electric device that combines an piezoelectric driver on the primary side with a piezoelectric receiver on the secondary side. Both can work with transverse or longitudinal vibration modes. These drivers and receivers are made of piezoelectric elements, being for its time composed of metal plates (electrodes) and of polarized electro-ceramics. To the likeness of the magnetic transformers, piezoelectric transformers are transmission devices of electric energy, even so accomplished through eletro-mechanic coupling between the driver and the receiver. They can be used in the function of insulators, reducers or elevators of the applied voltage on the primary side. Based on the piezoelectric and wave equations, the electric equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric transformer in radial-mode vibration was obtained and later on improved, starting from a more complete approach, including effects that are usually despised. A performance analysis was accomplished through computer simulation and it was explored the limits for the power rate transfer for thermal and electromechanics considerations. Later on an outline of optimization of the piezoelectric transformer in a radial-mode was traced, in order to maximize the efficiency and of adapting it to applications of power conversion; also through computer simulation. Since the electric equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric transformer is commonly identical to the LC resonant tanks used in power conversion in high frequency switch-mode resonant scheme, the PT can substitute the magnetic transformer, the indutor and the capacitor of the resonant tanks, as well as to increase the energy efficiency and to reduce significantly the number of devices, the volume, the cost and the electromagnetic emission of an application in power conversion.