Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-12-01"

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Transição ordem-desordem da matéria de vórtices em supercondutores detectada através do terceiro harmônico da suscetibilidade AC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-01)
Oliveira, Ana Augusta Mendonça de
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Ortiz, Wilson Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1723588689819867
Although a vortex state, in type II superconductors, has been anticipated more than 50 years ago, a great deal of theoretical and experimental efforts has still been done in an attempt to investigate how the dynamics of these structures depends on external excitations and on the inherent properties of the underlying superconducting material, such as inhomogeneities (Static Disorder). In this work, we studied, in granular �� samples and polycrystalline ��1−��2, the effects of different types and quantities of static disorder on the dynamic behaviour of the vortices. The analysis of such effects, using an extremely sensitive experimental technique, the Third Harmonic of the AC Susceptibility, was the main motivation for this research. Conducting a systematic investigation of the third harmonic, we have established reliable and reproducible experimental procedures to determine changes between different regimes of Vortex Matter (VM). In particular, we distinguished a regime of linear response and, other, of non-linear response, which were identified as representative of disordered and ordered phases of VM, respectively. As a consequence, a new frontier, delimitating these phases, was incorporated to the magnetic diagrams of the studied systems, denominated as Order Disorder Threshold (OD). We also analyzed the evolution of that OD threshold with the addition of inhomogeneities, as well as the format of the contour. With regard to form, two distinct behaviours were revealed and, consequently, interpreted as resulting from a competition between different types of disorder static and dynamic present in the materials. The most intriguing result reported, concerns to the anticipation, in the high temperature/low field region, of the OD limit, which we associated to a Thermally Induced Depinning Transition. In addition, we compared the OD lines with the Irreversibility Line (LI), obtained through magnetization measurements for some of the analyzed samples, pointing out the differences and similarities between them. Measurements of electrical transport and magnetic relaxation were also performed. The results derived from them contributed significantly to the study accomplished, leading to a broader view of the dynamic behaviour of vortices in the vicinity of this newly determined OD threshold.
Nível de degradação termomecânica e coleta de compostos orgânicos voláteis durante a extrusão de polímeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-01)
Coaquira, Carlos Alberto Cáceres
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Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
In this work we studied the thermomechanical degradation and volatile organic compound (VOC) generated during extrusion of the HDPE, PP, and PS. The degradation processes occurred during extrusion were analyzed by a new methodology proposed in this work and called Degradation Level Distribution Function (DLDF). The results obtained were also correlated with the Chain Scission Distribution Function (CSDF) methodology previously proposed. Through DLDF methodology we can also find the critical molar mass ( c M ) above which the chain scission mechanism becomes predominant. The results showed that the chain scission process for HDPE and PP above c M is of a preferential type and random for the PS. The c M present a linear correlation with the weight average molecular weight and decreases with the increase of the extrusion temperature. The VOC generated during extrusion was analyzed via infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. The results showed that these VOC are product of the degradation of polymer and additives. The molar mass of the VOC s varies between 100 to 1000 g/mol. The loss in weight for the volatilization of the material during extrusion is dependent of the polymer type and extrusion temperature. In the case of the PS the values vary between 25 and 850ppm and in the case of the HDPE and PP the loss is below 100ppm.
Aquisição de conceitos psicomotores pelo aluno surdo: avaliação de um programa de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-02)
Fenske, Sheila Glaucieli
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Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0004185084430939
Psycomotricity has presented relationship with several areas of learning. Starting from that, this study has three objectives: elaborate, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a teaching program based on motor activities that emphasizes the body scheme and the space perception, in order to investigate the influence of it in the acquisition of corporal and space concepts for the deaf student. Three deaf students, between seven and nine years old, from a public school of Sao Paulo s interior were chosen to participate in the research. The participants' selection was accomplished following indications of Municipal General Office of Education and Municipal General office of Health. The design research used was intra-subject in multiple baseline. The program of activities was adapted to the results presented by the participant in the motor evaluation and in the baseline. Planned activities were applied in intervention phase, with conceptual and motor evaluation among each one of the stages and a final evaluation of both after the end of them. Three answer levels were used for each expected motor behavior according to each age as learning criterion. To analyze the results of motor and conceptual evaluations, three aspects were considered: the diary of the researcher's field, the socioeconomic questionnaire and the applied questionnaire in the students' parents. These results suggest that improvement in psycomotricity was more strong for the space perception than for the body scheme and if there s any modification in right and left notions, these are transposed for the graphic expression. It was also verified that suggested education does not have the waited success for the body scheme. One of the possible justifications is the necessity of more time in intervention.
Construção de banco de questões para exames de proficiência em inglês para programas de pós-graduação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-03)
Monzón, Andrea Jessica Borges
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Aluisio, Sandra Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4793072701914550
As English is the most frequent language in science and in the academic community, the proficiency in this language is necessary to whom is in this environment included, mainly regarding reading comprehension. Many proficiency exams that evaluate this ability in candidates or graduate students, although request students only to translate a text. At ICMC (USP - São Carlos) since 2001 an English Proficiency Exam (EPE) has been made evaluating graduate students knowledge of research article as a genre (Swales,1990; Weissberg & Buker, 1990). The assessment is divided into four modules: 1) linguistic conventions, 2) structure of research article, 3) reading comprehension and 4) writing strategies which are peculiar to Academic English (Aluísio et al, 2003). However, the modules are not fully implemented and there s still a lot of space for linguistic reflections, once the exam was elaborated by a professor in the Computer Science area. The current study aims the construction of a corpus and the elaboration of questions referring to module 1 with the axioms needed in any evaluation (Perrenoud, 1999; Miller et al, 1998), the peculiar characterists of a foreign language test, Bloom s Taxonomy (1984), the Admissible Probability Method (APM) (Klinger, 1997) and the most recurrent mistakes made by Brazilian graduate students (Genoves Jr. et al, 2007). Computer tools will be used, such as: a concord and a word list that are commonly available in corpus processor like WordSmith Tool besides a chunker, a parser and a parser tree. The questions will be part of an item base to be used for: 1) the elaboration of future EPEs; 2) raising relevant information about the conditions of the testees reading comprehension; and 3) testees´ study and preparation through CALEAP-Web (Gonçalves, 2004).
Economia solidária e desenvolvimento local: uma reflexão preliminar dos programas do governo federal no período 2003-2007
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-04)
Ferraz, Fábio José
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Shimbo, Ioshiaqui
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315114291031702
Estratégia de produção e gestão de suprimentos: estudo de casos no setor de linha branca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-05)
Calife, Naiara Faiad Sebba
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Nogueira, Edemilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5029822027693191
The growing pressure for competitiveness and development of flexible production systems enhanced the strategic role of the production to achieve the goals of global enterprises. The decisions on production should be integrated with strategic decisions of the organization, and the organizational functions of production support stop being performed individually, and also take over strategic role in corporations, it is, for instance, the case of supplies function. This study aims to identify and analyze the Production Strategies and Supplies Management in two important companies in the white line area and check out if and how the function Supplies influences and is influenced by these strategies. The white line area has experienced, since the last decade, intense process of internationalization of production and concentration of capital. Such processes accelerated the diffusion rhythm of innovations in this sector, causing changes in the management and production organization. Furthermore, the existence of a gap in the theory that relates Production Strategy and Supplies Management makes us to bring this relation into practice. One opted for an approach of qualitative and exploratory character, and the research strategy used was the case study. It was possible to check the relevance of these issues for the companies studied so that they could achieve a favorable competitive position, and it was noticed that the priorities of the area of supplies are aligned with the competitive priorities of the enterprises, showing that the supplies management acts by giving support to the production strategy and vice-versa.
Secagem de sementes de gramíneas (Brachiaria brizantha) em leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-05)
Rizzi Júnior, Antonio Carlos
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4688543665793400
Drying operation is an important stage of the processing that precedes the storage of seeds, since that with low moisture contents, these can retain their power of germination and other qualities for long periods. The objective of this work was to perform a study of drying of grass seeds (Brachiaria brizantha) in a batch fluidized bed, in order to evaluate the performance of the dryer in a physiological and phenomenological point of view. Fluid dynamics, heat transfer and drying tests were accomplished in order to verify the operational limitations of the equipment, as well as determining the main characteristic experimental parameters of the seeds (such as minimum fluidization velocity and transfer coefficients). Moreover, two types of models were tested (three-phase and two-phase models) with the purpose of comparing the feasibility of its applications. Sensitivity analyses were carried out on the main parameters and properties of the models aiming to discuss their strengths and weaknesses. Besides, experimental comparisons of the drying process in the equipment operating as fixed bed and fluidized bed were made. Among the main results, it was found that the simplified two-phase model provided better predictions of the drying experiments in fluidized bed, specially the temperature of the bed, than the three-phase model, which takes into account the existence of the solid, interstitial gas and bubble gas phases. By applying the hypothesis test of equality between the experimental and simulated variables, it was found a P-value equal to 0,829 for the simplified model Tm variable, better than the three-phase model corresponding variables. The adopted drying kinetics represented well the process, which presented a correlation coefficient of 0,975 between the predicted and experimental data.
Perfil cromatográfico e análise multivariada para o controle de qualidade de amostras comerciais do gênero Phyllanthus (quebra-pedra)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-05)
Martins, Lucia Regina Rocha
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0301804822998646
This work present the development and application of methods by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to the quality control of vegetable samples known as stone breaker , that correspond to Phyllanthus species, two of them entered in Brazilian Pharmacopoeia: P.niruri L. and P. tenellus Roxb. A chromatographic profile analytical method was developed and validated, using HPLC with diode array detection (DAD), for the analysis of aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus authentic samples, which consisted of six species grown under controlled conditions in two different sites (Campinas and São Carlos, Brazil) and also not cultivated samples, collected in 27 cities of São Paulo state. Chemometric methods of exploratory analysis were used to interpret the chromatographic informations, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarquical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Classification models (SIMCA, KNN e PLS-DA) were developed and validated and demonstrated that the Phyllanthus species can be differentiated from each other through their chromatographic profiles and multivariate analysis. The chromatographic method was applied in the analysis of 25 stone breaker commercial samples and their authenticity was determined by the classification models: the results showed that most products are produced with the P. tenellus species, although they are marketed as P. niruri; two samples was determined as adulteration since they were not classified as any Phyllanthus species. A chemical marker was purified by semi-preparative HPLC-UV from the crude aqueous extract of P. niruri specie; spectroscopy characterization determined its structure as corilagin, an hydrolisable tannin. An analytical method by HPLC-UV was developed and validated for quantification of this marker in extracts of Phyllanthus species and stone breaker commercial samples. For the cultivated samples, there was significant variability in the concentration of corilagin according to the place of cultivation and the time of year; among the non-cultivated P. tenellus samples, there was large differences in the marker concentration, result of the influence of different habitats in secondary metabolism of the plant. The corilagin quantification therefore was not feasible to determine the authenticity/quality of commercial samples, but can be used in the monitoring of Phyllanthus cultivated species. In two commercial samples the marker was not detected, which characterized as adulterated samples of stone breaker .
Análise custo/benefício da adoção de boas práticas de manejo em pesque-pague
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-05)
Rosa, Daniele Klöppel
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Marques, João Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2090848308352950
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0481036691164883
Fish culture is na aquaculture field which has been growing a lot in the last few years, specially by fish capture stagnation and for the growing high nutritional quality animal protein demand. A market field that has been greatly developed since 1990 s and which holds huge transactions of buying and selling alive cultures fish is the fee fishing activity, moving not only São Paulo fish cultures but from other states too, like Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais. However, as in any human activity, it has negative and positive impacts. On this perspective, this study has objected, through an environment assessment evaluation in five fee-fishing units located in Araras region, manage the proposition Best Management Practices (BMP s) use and making a cost/benefit analysis to prove the viability of those practices use. Data were collected through a previous prepared questions and fishing pounds water and sediment samples analysis and water quality parameters measures in three different moments: before, during and after the rainy period. The analysis showed there are lead and iron elements excess in water, the former is due to previous lead contamination in Mogi-Guaçu hydrographical basin, and the last one because of the region soil type. Several Best Management Practices (BMP s) were proposed and the cost/benefit analysis identified only one economic viable establishment, whereas under a 9.5% a year discount rate in a 15-year analysis, it s proved to be profitable. The studied fee-fishing units presented serious problems on economic sector, and should in an urgent way improve their administrative and management strategies in order to better explore the property potentialities and the activity the execute in a sustainable manner.
Cultura de café (Coffea arábica L.) com princípios agroecológicos como opção para a agricultura familiar na região de Penápolis/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-08)
Zago, Sebastião
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Ferraz, José Maria Gusman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1288092157014644
The county of Penápolis and region, located into the northwest of São Paulo state, was deforested by coffee growing and they became strong producers in the beginning of the past century, influencing on the plan of the railroads on diffusion of the immigrants. But, due to economic factors, climatic and politicians, this culture has been replaced by others activities agriculture, developed for the big properties, such as the sugar cane and the meadow, overwhelming so, the familiar agriculture that if turned out inoperable on conventional molds of production, causing the removal of the little farmer to the city in search of others fountains of income. The purpose of this work was the following-up the formation and handling of a experimental farming of coffee on agroecologic molds and the definition of the indicators of sustainability for the assessment and comparison of results with others cultivations of conventional principles, organic and a fragment of natural forest, for parameters for analysis, assessment and implementation of this system of cultivation on region. In this work, it concluded that the coffee on agroecologics molds promoted sensitive physical-chemical and biological transformations in the system, indicating that, the use of alternative techniques of production combined with coffee cultivation tradition and the farmer s capacity it s possible to make the coffee culture as an alternative to family farming in the region.
Defesas antioxidantes e alterações bioquímicas no pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887), em resposta à exposição ao cobre, à hipóxia e ao meio ácido, isolados ou associados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-10)
Sampaio, Fernanda Garcia
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Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1419888510506769
Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is widely used in aquaculture. Exposure to this compound can be harmful to fish, resulting in oxidative metabolism alterations and gill tissue damages, prejudicing the respiratory gasses exchange. Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, (Wt = 43,4 ± 3,35 g) were distributed in experimental tanks (n = 10; 180 L) and exposed for 48 h to control (without copper addition), 0.4Cu (0.4 mg.L-1), 2.0Cu (2.0 mg.L-1), 0CupH (without copper addition, pH = 5.0), 0.4CupH (0.4 mg.L-1, pH = 5.0), 2.0CupH (2.0 mg.L-1, pH = 5.0), 0CuHpx (without copper addition, hypoxia), 0.4CuHpx (0.4 mg.L-1, hypoxia), e 2.0CuHpx (2.0 mg.L-1, hypoxia). The oxidative metabolic responses to copper were tissue-specific. In liver and red muscle the superoxide dismutase (SOD) was responsive to the increases in the aquatic copper. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) showed close relation between the activities of these enzymes. The plasmatic intermediary metabolites and hematological variables in fish of group 0.4Cu were similar to those of control group. Conversely, the exposure to 2.0Cu caused an increase in the plasmatic pyruvate, number of red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb). Plasmatic copper concentration [Cup] increased in group 0.4Cu and decreased in 2.0Cu, suggesting the absence of linearity between aquatic and the absorbed copper. Exposure to 0.4Cu and 2.0Cu resulted in a reduction in Na+/K+-ATPase activity and an increase in metallothionein (MT) in the gills. Exposure to 0CupH caused a decrease in glucose and pyruvate concentrations and increase in RBC, Hb, and branquial Na+/K+-ATPase activity. These responses suggest that the fish acted mechanisms to revert the blood acidosis, save energy and increase the oxygen uptake. In the hepatic oxidative metabolism of fish exposed to 0CupH, an increase in SOD activity was observed. Probably GSH-Px was effective in keeping the hydroperoxides concentrations (HP). CAT was affected by pH variations. In the white muscle there was an increase in HP concentration without alteration in the antioxidante defenses (ADs). Plasmatic concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and ammonia decreased, while RBC, Hb and branquial Na+/K+-ATPase increased, suggesting that pacu exposed to hypoxia tended to increase the oxygen uptake and reduce the metabolism in order revert the blood pH fall. The evaluation of biomarkers in response to copper in acid medium suggests an interaction between these factors in the oxidative metabolism. These responses were tissue-specific. The intermediary metabolites showed different response pattern, but RBC and Hb presented similar responses in fish exposed to copper in neutral and acid pH. The intermediary metabolites, hematological parameters and oxidative metabolism were influenced by the significant interaction between copper and dissolved oxygen. MT was an effective biomarker, responding to copper in different pHs and dissolved oxygen. Combined-factors, copper + acid medium and copper + hypoxia, caused significant disturbance in the biomarkers than singlefactors.
Aplicação do método de decomposição de Benders para o problema de carregamento de paletes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-11)
Rocha, Ana Gabriela
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
Cutting and packing problems are important in the production planning of various industrial segments involving goals such as minimizing the negative efects generated by waste of materials or idle spaces. The loss of material due to an inadequate programming of the cutting or packing patterns, can be substantial, and, in general, parts of these losses can be avoided only with a more eficient production planning, not resulting in additional investments in production processes. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of the Benders decomposition method, applied to the manufacturer and distributor pallet loading models. The manufacturer pallet loading model involves packing equal boxes on a pallet, so as to optimize its use. The distributor pallet loading model involves packing boxes of diferent sizes on a pallet, also a way to optimize its use. The approach based on Benders decomposition, defines a relaxation algorithm that partitions the original problem in two other problems easier to be solved. To check the effectiveness of the approach, computational tests were carried out by comparing the results with those obtained by a computational package composed of a modeling language (GAMS) and a last generation optimization solver (CPLEX ).
Caracterização magnética de filmes de cromo e cromocobalto preparados por eletrodeposição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-11)
Bertelli, Tiago Pulce
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Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8093554688176596
Magnetic properties of electrodeposited of chromium and chromium-cobalt thin films on cooper substrate were investigated. The samples were prepared without introduction of additives. This procedure following to samples with granular structure. Magnetization measurements as a function of applied magnetic field and temperature show that the magnetic behavior exhibit a strong dependence on the thickness of the electrodeposited film and the samples presents a superparamagnetic behavior associated with the formation of ferromagnetism surface.
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de eletrodos à base de nanotubos de carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-11)
Oliveira, Aline Carlos de
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0599813668091957
The electrodes based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared in the form of paste of CNTs/Graphite and film on glassy carbon electrode. These electrodes were electrochemically characterized by their response in potassium ferricyanide and hydroquinone. Considering the obtained results, the electrode in the form of paste was selected for analytical applications. In this work, the paste electrode was also prepared of pure CNTs, ie, without addicting of graphite. For the evaluation of analytical capabilities of the CNTs paste electrode, studies were performed about quantification of paraquat, rutin and quercetin, using differential pulse voltammetry. Regarding the quantification of paraquat, an analytical curve was obtained, with a detection limit of 2.8 x10-6mol L-1. The performance of the carbon nanotubes paste electrode in the determination of rutin, an analytical curve was obtained, with a detection limit of 3.39 x10-8 mol L-1. The content of rutin was determined in pharmaceutical formulations with relative error lower to 5%. For the quantification of quercetin, an analytical curve was obtained with a detection limit of 5.43 x10-7 mol L-1. Chemical modifiers, such as copper microparticles and acetylcholinesterase enzyme, were incorpored in the CNTs paste electrode. The CNTs paste electrode odified with copper microparticles (Cu-CNTs) was used for quercetin determination and the results indicated the formation of quercetin-Cu (II) complex on the electrode surface. The analytical curve obtained for this system presented a detection limit of 2.36 x10-7 mol L-1. The determination of quercetin in a sample of industrialized apple juice was carried out observing the recovery between 98.8 and 102.9%. The biosensor CNTs-AchE was optimized with respect to the work potential, concentration of acetylthiocoline iodide substrate and the incubation time and analytical curve was obtained for chlorfenvinphos with a detection limit of 1.15 x10-7 mol L-1. Even with respect to chlorfenvinphos, its determination was possible in samples containing the pesticide, with relative error lower to 2.5%.
Análise da percepção de segurança de trânsito em áreas escolares, com a utilização de ferramenta multicritério
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-11)
Montmorency, Christiana Maria Lemos Barbato
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
Configuração do campo da educação no Brasil : estudo bibliométrico da Revista Brasileira de Educação e da Revista Brasileira de História da Educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-11)
Silva, Márcia Regina da
;
Bittar, Marisa
This research aimed a study on the configuration of the field of Brazilian Education through publication in scientific journals in the area. From a theoretical- methodological point of view the research supported in the bibliometric approach to the analysis of scientific production. To facilitate the search, is elected as a source of data two periodicals: Revista Brasileira de História da Educação (RBHE) of the Sociedade Brasileira de História da Educação (SBHE) and Revista Brasileira de Educação (RBE), the Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd). The survey was developed in five parts: 1) Construction of theoretical reference: research in Education and History Education in Brazil, science, science communication, evaluation and analysis of scientific production of citations; 2) Data collection: the sample consisted of 15 numbers of each magazine, totaling 241 articles; 3) Construction of bibliometric indicators; 4) description and categorization of data collected using automated tools (software Vantage Point) for the analysis of scientific papers, seeking the organization of results for subsequent analysis and interpretation; 5) analysis and interpretation of results, carried out in the light of theoretical reference for Education and bibliometric approach. Among the partial results obtained it was found that the behavior of publication of the researchers who publish in RBHE is similar to that researchers who publish in RBE. This allows infer that the scientific production of the History of Education has particularities, however, brings in its core characteristics of research in human sciences in general, for example, high levels of individual publication, predilection for publications in books and chapters of books, high frequency of scientific communication on national sources, among others characteristics.
Processos formativos e reflexivos : contribuições para o desenvolvimento profissional de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12)
Santos, Sydione
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Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5842183482663246
This research falls within the ambit of the ones that deals with teacher education, professional development and reflective practice. It is a study about teacher education processes, through a reflective and inquisitive orientation, carried out in a program designed for teachers in their teaching environment. It studies the contributions provided by a continuing professional development program at Curso Normal Superior com Mídias Interativas (Higher Education Course with Interactive Media) for the development of the teachers reflective process. The research objectives converge into analyzing the relation between teacher education process and the meaning of this process to teachers, considering the reflective practice. The research objectives were: to analyze the contributions of the teacher education program for teachers reflective process; to apprehend, analytically, the relation between the education provided and the level of reflection demonstrated by teachers about their professional conduct; to examine and analyze the moments and situations of teachers reflection during the formative program; to indicate the potentialities of the analyzed cases for new proposals for teacher education. Thus, through a descriptive and interpretative perspective, it was conducted a multiple study case, seeking to understand and explain teachers development and the meaning of each stage, which is part of a complex whole. The analysis was conducted through a longitudinal and an in-depth perspective in order to capture the reflective development process. The written narratives, related to the theoretical-practical activities, became the device of the research as well as a strategy within the context of the program. The research indicates the following: the teacher education processes are integrated in a movement of interdependence and interaction, which makes possible the relation between the teacher s knowledge, built by him/her as a student, and the projection of a new teacher practice, born from the theoretical and practical knowledge obtained during the program; there is a rapid development of the teachers inquisitive attitude as a result of the observation processes and the problematization, intrinsic to the period of investigative-reflective process; the theoretical and practical advance are related to activities of action research conducted in schools; the scientific theory articulates with teacher s experience interferes on how teachers analyze their practices; the manifestations of reflection cross with personal motivations and wishes as well as preview experiences. It is also possible to conclude that the ones that took part of this research manifested different and complementary reflection characteristics towards the nature of the developed proposals, the kind of narratives used, the pedagogical mediation, the personal way of guiding education in the program, the way how they see themselves in their professional career, the objectives that guide the teacher practice, the curricular time and space available to analyze experiences. It is considered that those kinds of proposals present potentialities to delineate actions to the academic, professional and continuing education.
Desconstrução mínima e renaturalização : estudo de caso córrego do Aleixo, Barretos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12)
Watanuki Filho, Adhemar
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Francisco, José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3882023256298363
The interactions of man with nature begin a journey of constant changes in space. Cities as principal product of this process of deconstruction that seeks to analyze and understand in order to establish new forms of interventions concerned with the quality of the place. This practice of deconstruction space is still not understood which ensures the production of spaces marked by the use of the technique. Thus, if one replaces existing nature artificialized by nature. The present study aimed to analyze the perspective of the concepts of deconstruction minimum and the renaturation of Aleixo Stream, the city of Barretos-SP, because it has the attributes necessary to characterize the deconstructions, techniques and common problems that occur in urban streams . To develop the research, the stream in question was divided into five sections, from its source to its encounter with the treatment plant in the city, where aspects of deconstruction were evaluated from the perspective of land use, water and border areas green. Other aspects evaluated were the interventions proposed by the Municipality, with the design of Vale Avenue Fund, that instead of proposing a renaturation replace part of the heritage and border water, with foreclosures, such as point solutions to the problems of urban drainage the municipality. These flooding problems are perhaps an 'alert', instituted by nature, and that can be solved, provided that the anthropic action applied to these spaces is done in a more conscious and socially engaged. To do so, the application of the concepts of deconstruction is the minimum that can ensure the production of balanced spaces. And in cases where the "works" engineering is already consolidated, the use of instruments of intervention as the renaturation becomes essential in the design of more natural environments.
Controle social: contexto e tendências dos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde em uma região do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12)
Zambon, Vera Dib
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754826301739621
The Single Health System (SHS) was implemented in 1988 and it still presents challenges for its empowerment. One of its innovations is the Municipal Health Councils (MHC), but they couple with difficulties for full performance. The analysis of the role of these councils and their participation in the SHS may subside discussions for obeying this constitutional principle. The study developed evaluated the social control in six municipalities of Araraquara Health County, highlighting the organization and functioning of the MHC. Adopting a qualitative approach, data were collected by a documental search in the Araraquara Health County Headquarter and by semistructured interviews with 26 health counselors. The documental analysis was based on federal laws for creation, organization, and routine work of the MHC. The data of interviews were discussed using the following thematic categories: conception of social control, effective role of health counselors, juridical and organizational aspects of the MHC, and effectiveness and perspectives of social control. The Health Councils in the 6 municipalities were created in 1991, and in subsequent years four of them have changed their legal instruments. Only two of them have innovated in some procedures, such as election of the president, mandate non-coincident with local majors, administrative management and implementation of committees. Some council‟s regulations are in disagreement with local and federal laws (for instance, law 8142 and Resolution 333 of the National Health Council), such as the deliberative character, the parity representation of users, internal regiment, a municipal staff in charge of council presidency, and no guarantee of administrative and financial support for routine work. Some counselors do not have a clear knowledge about the meaning of social control as adopted by the SHS. The councils and health conferences are considered a must, but both must be empowered. The action of the counselors denotes a society with limited public involvement. The difficulties to obtain information and the lack of participation in workshops cause a limitation for performing their role. Sometimes these councils are manipulated for legitimating decisions of public health authorities and their administrative and financial organization also limit their autonomy. Despite recognizing the important function of the MHC, their results are below their potentialities. However, advancements can be observed such as the election for president, specific budget for council activities and widening of the opportunities for users‟ feedback by local management councils, meetings in specific boroughs, and discussions about the budget applied in health. One of the biggest challenges is the social demobilization and the need for social control in the SHS. It may be concluded that it is needed the investment in education including formal processes for exerting citizenship and adoption of innovative management practices. The background of public health workers needs adjustments for providing effective dialogue with users. There is also a need for definition of a politics for local social control to guarantee the empowerment of the MHC. Finally, it should also be mentioned the existence of the Management Regional Committee for improving partnerships for SHS social control.
Aplicação de peneiras moleculares contendo cátions orgânicos em catálise básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12)
Martins, Leandro
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5782696565602340
This thesis was aimed at studying novel basic catalysts based on molecular sieves containing alkylammonium cations. The studied molecular sieves were faujasite zeolites (FAU) and mesoporous silicate (like MCM-41). The following parameters were evaluated: (1) different alkylammonium cations, (2) different amount of alkylammonium cations and (3) application of these catalysts in base catalyzed reactions. The study and application of these novel basic catalysts was a completely unexplored field, however one expects that the outstanding properties of these materials, recently revealed, may drive their application in the production of chemical specialties. The novel catalysts were compared in of Knoevenagel and Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions and in the addition reaction of propylene oxide with methanol. During the preparation of the FAU zeolite containing alkylammonium cations the exchange equilibrium was readily achieved, even when using the most voluminous cation (CH3)4N+. For spatial reasons none of the alkylammonium cations exchanged all sodium cations from FAU zeolite, since the ion exchange was restricted to the super cage. Additionally, all cations were verified to be located in ion exchange sites, therefore the basic character arises essentially from the oxygen anions belonging to the zeolite framework. The novel catalysts showed a superior activity in the reactions in comparison to the zeolite containing cesium. Cesium, in the cationic form Cs+ exchanged in zeolites or dispersed as Cs2O, is the most studied element in the literature to generate strong basic sites, however under high costs. On the other hand, alkylammonium cations are of low cost. The mesoporous molecular sieve [CTA+]-SiMCM-41 (CTA+ is the structure directing agent) was used as synthesized and showed much higher performance. In this catalyst, basic sites were identified as siloxy anions in association to CTA+ cations (≡SiO-CTA+). Nonetheless, as pores were still occluded by the structure directing agent reaction took place necessarily in the pore mouth. These novel results open new perspectives of application of these molecular sieves, highly basic and of low cost.