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Estudo citogenético clássico e molecular em quinze espécies da tribo Ancistrini (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) de três bacias hidrográficas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Mariotto, Sandra
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Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4363800824135100
The Loricariidae Family is the second largest family of fresh water fish with approximately 700 species. Among the Loricariidae, the Ancistrini tribe distinguishes itself with 217 valid species distributed in the neotropical region. The catfish of this group measure an average of 15 centimeters in length and have moveable evertible odontodes in the operculum region. Cytogenetic studies have been made in only 10% of the species. In this study, fifteen species, two of the genus Lasiancistrus and thirteen of the genus Ancistrus were cytogenetically analyzed. Besides the classic analyses of cytogenetic, the technique of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to locate the regions of rDNA 5S and 18S in seven species of the genus Ancistrus. The results showed diploid numbers of 2n=34, 40, 42, 50, 52 and 54 chromosomes. In the species of the genus Lasiacistrus, the diploid number was 2n=54 chromosomes, and there were simple NORs and some small blocks of constitutive heterochromatin. There were no chromosomic differences observed between males and females but there were distinct cytotypes among the species. The results are compared with analyses made with other genera of the Ancistrini group. In the genus Ancistrus diversity of species and chromosomic variation is surprising. In the species Ancistrus cuiabae chromosomic polymorphism and rDNA 18S were observed. The event that is probably responsible for this chromosomic polymorphism was a pericentric inversion. In four species of distinct populations chromosomic heteromorphism and constitutive heterochromatin were verified, thus suggesting that two populations possess XX/XY and ZZ/ZW sexual chromosomes. The nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) that appeared in the presence of silver nitrate were simple in all the species, located in the terminal and interstitial region of the chromosomes. With the FISH technique it was possible to confirm the data obtained with AgNOR in seven species. In respect to rDNA 5S the results were very diversified with only one pair of chromosomes marked, in Ancistrus sp 06; two pairs in A. sp 04, A. sp 08 and A. sp 13; three pairs in A. cuiabae, A. claro and A. cf. dubius. The cístrons observed in rDNA 5S and 18S were syntenic in four of the seven species analyzed. Using technique of C band it was possible to verify the blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were few in number and small in size in the species with diploid numbers 2n=50 to 54, but were bigger and stained in an evident manner in the species with chromosomic polymorphisms, sexual chromosomes and 2n=34 to 42 chromosomes. Besides the highly variable diploid number, the Ancistrini tribe has simple and multiple sexual chromosomes systems. In this study we confirmed the occurrence of chromosomic polymorphism, of rDNA 18S and of constitutive heterochromatin in new species. For the first time fluorescent in situ hybridization was done in the Ancistrini tribe and it confirmed the diversity existent, especially in the genus Ancistrus, which is the most derived of the tribe. With these results it was to infer that the species of the genus Ancistrus with diploid numbers 2n=50 to 54 chromosomes are more primitive than the others founded in the Baixada Cuiabana with intense sedimentation. New analyses, using molecular techniques could help in understanding the phylogeny and evolution of this diversified group of Loricariidae.
O estado da arte da produção científica em educação especial na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) : um estudo bibliométrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Pizzani, Luciana
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Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3032047891648218
Special Education approach and its interfaces with other knowledge areas are evidenced through the diverse scientific production consolidated in scientific journals besides national and international databases. In the present work, a bibliometric analysis of Special Education scientific production was done in the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), coordinated by BIREME a specialized center of the Pan American Health Organization, which promotes the dissemination and use of scientific information in health. The proposed methodology was developed in four phases, namely: a) literature review on special education and bibliometrics to theoretically support the research; b) data collection in the bases LILACS, MEDLINE, BBO, BDENF, MEDCARIB, PAHO and WHOLIS; c) organization and bibliometric treatment of the collected data by using the software Vantage Point and MS Excel for bibliometric analysis besides preparation of graphs and tables; d) result analysis, recovering exposed concepts in the theoretical pattern to support the obtained data analyses and interpretations. The following bibliometric indicators were produced in the Medline basis: English is the predominant language; most of the records had individual authorship; the record type is scientific paper; the predominant descriptor was Special Education; the main theme in journals was Medicine; and the most frequent country was The United States. As regards the databases LILACS, BBO, BDENF, MEDCARIB, PAHO, and WHOLIS, the indicators were represented as follows: Portuguese was the predominant language; most records had individual authorship; the predominant type is the original paper; the main themes were Special Education, People presenting disabilities, mental retardation, Brazil, mental handicap education, people presenting impaired hearing, Education, Learning, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Centers, Hearing Education and Disorders; the mostly found themes in journals were psychology and development psychology, and the country with the largest number of records is Brazil. Results indicated the interface among Health Sciences, Information Science and Special Education, which allowed viewing of the state of the art in Special Education in the VHL databases, besides contributing to the dissemination of these databases to researchers in the field as an important scientific information source.
Cursos de Administração e políticas de avaliação do ensino superior no estado de São Paulo (1995-2006)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Aragão, José Euzébio de Oliveira Souza
;
Tancredi, Regina Maria Simões Puccinelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7942182121890152
Le thème de cette étude est l'évaluation institutionnelle, en mettant l'accent sur des cours de premier cycle en administration. Vise à établir si les politiques de l'évaluation de l'enseignement supérieur de plomb, selon les gestionnaires de programmes d'études supérieures dans l'administration, dans l'amélioration de leur efficacité. Qu'est-ce que les gestionnaires pensent, d'évaluer, et ce qu'ils font de ces politiques visent aussi à ce travail. Les politiques d'évaluation, soit au plus haut niveau, ou de base à moyen et à améliorer la qualité de l'éducation. La Constitution fédérale et LDB sur la question de la qualité de l'éducation. Le document examine l'évolution de la notion de qualité, de leur application pour les entreprises et les limites et les possibilités d'application au contexte éducatif. Il est basé sur des concepts théoriques de l'éducation et le déroulement de mesure politique et l'analyse économique et sociale à l'évaluation de la politique l'enseignement supérieur au Brésil, depuis le milieu des années 1990, le Président Fernando Henrique Cardoso et a changé le gouvernement du président Luis Inacio Lula da Silva. Nous soulignons dans cette étude, les tests mis en oeuvre dans les deux gouvernements, la Commission nationale d'examen des cours (ENC), largement connu sous le nom de Provão et le Conseil national de l'examen du rendement des étudiantes et étudiants (ENADE) et les évaluations des programmes de premier cycle, qui s'appelle aujourd'hui l'évaluation des conditions de vie l'éducation. Nous avons utilisé la recherche qualitative, en utilisant de multiples études de cas, en utilisant l'analyse documentaire et des entrevues avec les gestionnaires de l'administration de quatre cours d'établissements d'enseignement supérieur: deux universités (l'un public et une foi, un centre et un corps professoral de l'université privé) pour atteindre notre objectif. Le travail montre les difficultés et les limites de l'application de la notion de qualité de l'éducation. Faits saillants de la pertinence et l'importance de l'évaluation des politiques de la reconfiguration de l'administration des cours au Brésil et insiste sur les améliorations apportées au cours de l'enquête de parler gestionnaires.
Avaliação da diversidade e estrutura genética de Micoureus paraguayanus (Didelphidae) em fragmentos de mata atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Guedes, Fátima Becker
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3381037823840080
Habitat fragmentation is one of the main results of human alterations on nature. Understanding the biological consequences of this process is essential to reach the goal of conserving natural resources. The aim of this project was to assess levels of diversity and genetic structure of a population of the marsupial Micoureus paraguayanus, in forest remnants of a Semi-Decidual Estational Forest in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo. This variation was evaluated in ten microsatellite loci scored in 95 individuals sampled from six habitat fragments, including the Morro do Diabo State Forest. Genetic diversity in each subgroup was estimated by considering the average number of alleles (6,1 overall) and heterozygosity (0,488 when averaging all subpopulations). The latter was lower than values described in the literature for non-inbred populations on average. The number of alleles of three loci were also lower than what was observed for other population from the same species. So, on average, diversity was slightly lower than observed elsewhere. We detected a significant positive correlation (R = 0,087; P = 0,003) between genetic and geographic distances of populations of the fragments. The high number of migrants per generation (Nm) indicates historic gene flow between the analyzed populations. In spite of that, significant values of Fst and Rst were detected between some of the populations. A significant genetic differentiation was detected between Santa Teresa, Santa Maria and Ponte Branca. To analyze the genetic structure of this population we used the softwares Tess and Structure, which indicated tree clusters in the population of M paraguayanus sampled, which are associated with the three populations previously mentioned. These localities were the smallest and most disturbed fragments evaluated in this study and their differences probably indicate that the recent fragmentation process about 60 years could be responsible for promoting changes, by founder effect or bottleneck, in the genetic composition of the studied population.
A concepção de homem no Behaviorismo radical e suas implicações para a tecnologia do comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Melo, Camila Muchon de
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015798975492836
B. F. Skinner describes and explains the human behavior through the causal model of selection by consequences. According to this model, the human behavior is the product of the interaction among three levels of variability and selection (phylogeny, ontogeny and culture). According to this explanation, the cultural contingencies enable the rising and maintenance of behaviors that may produce consequences which strengthen a culture and these are the behaviors which participate as operant behaviors in the constituting of a cultural practice. The Man is a product of three processes of variation and selection. Within this, especially due to the third level, he is a Man that may also plan new variations which may perform a role on the strengthening of a culture and therefore he must plan contingencies so that the behavior produces the good of the culture. The cultural planning directed to the survival of the culture elicits questionings on the Behavioral Technology proposed to enable the insertion of new cultural practices. Thus, this study had the objective of investigating if the conception of Man in Radical Behaviorism in Skinner s works, interpreted as a commitment with the good of the culture, is consistent with the proposal of this author of a Behavioral Technology. Aspects of Science and Ethics based on the Philosophy of Radical Behaviorism have been investigated. Moreover, some examples of behavioral technology based on this philosophy have illustrated our analyses in the defense of a technology which produce consequences which may strengthen a culture. Using methods of text analyses and of epistemological-hermeneutic, texts from the author previously selected which refer to the concepts of Man, culture, science, ethics and technology have been analyzed in order to identify the inconsistencies, clarify or explain the conception of Man and Behavioral Technology proposed by the model of selection by consequences of the Skinner s Radical Behaviorism.
Análise de projetos de melhoria da produção: concepção de ferramenta estruturada e estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
The capacity to improve the processes has been considered as an important factor for the companies competitiveness. However, the improvement activities don't happen spontaneously, people involved must have knowledge and abilities, besides domain on techniques and methods to achieve the improvement. Therefore, the company needs to invest in training, to make possible that the people involved in improvement projects dedicate time, and to support with financial and organizational resources. This investment will be applied to accomplish improvement projects, but, however, how to verify if the efforts are being used in an effective way? For that, it is necessary to measure the efforts allocated for the accomplishment of the activities and to compare with the obtained results. The importance of this study is its contribution for the evaluation of improvement projects. Besides, the theme has relevance, considering the shortage of works that analyze the factors involved for the accomplishment of improvement actions, quantify them and compare with the obtained results. The bases for that investigation are the descriptions found in the literature, they present the efforts involved for the improvement accomplishment and the possible results. For the investigation, some approaches were analyzed, like Total Quality Management, Kaizen and Six Sigma, identifying the efforts that each one judges necessary for the improvement and to achieve results. All these information helped to create a structured tool to measure and to characterize the improvement projects. To use the tool are necessary some procedures, of rising and analysis data related to the projects efforts and results. This work was developed using multiple cases study, were investigated four companies, which have improvement culture disseminated, guaranteed by the use of programs like Lean Production and Six Sigma, allowing an analysis of different improvement project types. It was verified that utilizing the tool developed in this research was possible to evaluate the improvement projects, verifying the relation between efforts and results.
Adequação de calçadas e travessias às condições mínimas de acessibilidade : um procedimento para estimativa de custos de serviços e obras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-22)
Guerreiro, Pablo José Martinelli
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Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260
Abstract: This study presents a procedure used to determine the cost of adapting sidewalks and urban crossings through cost quantification of work needed to repair or rebuild a sidewalk segment and to adapt its crossing. The necessary work was estimated in accordance with Calçada Cidadã standards, a project elaborated by the city administration of Vitória, ES, Brazil. The sidewalk quality was assessed by determining the level of required work according to procedures and recommendations described in Ferreira & Sanches (2005). Based on these sidewalk and quality assessment models a computer program prototype was developed to assess the quality of public spaces and to determine the necessary amount of work, and its corresponding cost, to make them more accessible. In order to test the prototype and assess its viability a case study was carried out in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. It assessed the conditions of a sidewalk segment of this city s downtown streets and determined the cost of improvement work needed to make it accessible to all pedestrians.
Avaliação química e ecotoxicológica de efluentes químicos, visando seu reuso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-30)
Georgetti, Maísa Sanches
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6383670319658296
Educação em saúde realizada por profissionais da saúde à familiares de crianças com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-12)
Nagliate, Patrícia de Carvalho
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Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3321694448032184
In the health promotion context, health education is very important and indispensable in the health professional practice. The health education still needs improvement in its applicability, in order to provide better quality of life and health of individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP). The CP is a permanent movement and posture disorder, due to a non-progressive brain lesion at the life beginning, which promotes several driven dysfunctions, causing limitations in the movements and daily living activities. Therefore, the health professional has to promote understanding of the health-care and disease, through health education to the families of these children. There is a lack of relevant literature about how is being done the health education process to the families. The purpose of this work was to identify how the health professionals are practicing the health education process to the CP child family. The study was conducted at institutions that serve children with CP, the samples were 07 health professionals and 07 CP child relatives that living in a country city of São Paulo Brazil. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and observation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members and professionals, with the aim of obtaining information about how the health education process is being conducted from the participants point of view. Also, it was carried out systematic observation of the two professional action during the interaction between two CP child families while the care was conducted. Being an exploratory descriptive study based on the qualitative referential was possible, through the transcript of the interviews and simplified analysis of the results contents, with the professionals analysis to get five themes: 1. Relationship; 2. Institution; 3. Professional s routine in the CP children serve; 4. Teach methodology; 5. Health education with the categories and two sub-categories. And with the familiar analysis, two themes: 1. Understanding the cerebral palsy and; 2. How the parents facing up to cerebral palsy children care, with yours categories. With the results it was concluded that the health education practice are realized, but it still has mistakes. This happen because it is a complex situation that involve the participants world making the perfect practice execution difficult. Therefore, the mentioned subject matter could offer important contributions to make a better health professional aware in the moment and form to approach and to mix with CP s familiar. So, this will promote a confidence relation and the continuity of health education practice at home with the purpose to reach a better quality of life for this children and the parents.
Diversidade funcional: como incluir a variação intraespecífica e o efeito do fogo em comunidades vegetais do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-19)
Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius
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Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
Biological diversity may influence the structure and functioning of communities in several ways, for example, altering the species resource complementarity. However, traditional diversity measures (such as species richness or diversity indices as Shannon or Simpson) have being considered as rough biodiversity estimators. In that sense, several authors suggest that measures taking in account phylogenetic or functional relationships among species would be better predictors than those traditional measures. We can split this thesis in three fractions relatively distinct. The first, compounded by the first chapter, is a brief review on the properties of two promising approaches in Ecology measures of phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. We present and discuss briefly the major concepts, approaches and applications of these measures that are relatively new to Community Ecology. Podemos divir esta tese em três partes relativamente distintas. The second part, represented by the second chapter, is more theoretical and suggests a simple manner to incorporate the intraspecific variability in functional traits in a functional diversity measure. In this chapter, we demonstrate throught simulations and using empirical data, that it is possible to include the functional variability existing within local populations, and also the variability that exists among populations occurring in disticnt geographical areas. The third section is compoused by the third and fourth chapters where we investigated the effects of different fire frequencies in the structure of cerrado communities. How does fire structures the cerrado woody species in terms of their relatedness and functional traits? In the third chapter we analised the phylogenetic and functional diversities of the cerrado woody species under annual fires, biannual fires, and under fire exclusion for 12 years. We discuss the consequences of an increasing in fire frequency upon these diversities, and also which is the contribution of rare species to those measures. We found that under annual fires functional diversity is reduced significantly, that is, fire selects similar individuals in their functional traits when compared to communities under biannual or fire exclusion. Therefore, high frequency fire is an environmental filter selecting functionally similar species. Also, we show that rare species are important to this diversity. However, we did not find any difference for phylogenetic diversity, that is, different fire frequencies do not change species relatedness in average. Therefore, functional diversity might be somehow independent from evolutionary history. In the fourth chapter we studied the herbaceous-undershrubby species. We investigated the effects of different fire frequencies in total above-ground biomass and also the biomass of functional groups (the tussock grass Tristachya leiostachya Nees, other grasses, woody species, and dry biomass) in savannas subjected to annual fires, biennial fires, and protected from fire in a 12 yr period. Protection from fire during 12 yr resulted in the accumulation of total biomass, which was more than twofold higher in the protected site than in the annually burned site. The negative correlation of T. leiostachya with other grasses and woody species in the annually burned site supports the idea that frequent fires favor this species, and may indicate an outcompeting effect. Therefore, knowledge not only about biomass but especially about its functional components is important to provide a better understanding of the processes and consequences involving different burning strategies.
Democracia e processo político na Bolívia (1952-2005)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-21)
Torres, Rafael Montan
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Villa, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4845776936400605
Pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho: implicações da Lei de cotas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-21)
Lobato, Beatriz Cardoso
;
Almeida, Maria Amélia
The disabled people s right to work, guaranteed by the Brazilian constitution, resulted in the effective inclusion of these people in the labor market. In order to ensure this right it was created compensatory benefits, the affirmative action, which under the right to work, provided a reservation of vacancies for people with disabilities in the formal labor market. This research assessed the implications of this legislation to create job opportunities for disabled people and whether those opportunities are guided by the paradigm of inclusion, encouraging the recruitment and retention of people with different levels and categories of disability in the workplace. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten officials of the sector of Human Resources and twelve employees with disabilities. The interviews were record, transcribed in full and qualitatively analyzed by the analysis of content procedure. The results demonstrated that companies hire people with disabilities according to the requirement imposed by law and, especially, as a result of surveillance conducted by the Public Ministry of Labor and justify the difficulty in hiring these people by the lack of education, professional qualification and the need to adequacy of the company to receive them. In practice, these needs come before the requirements of qualification and the pre-selection of the categories of disabilities acceptable by the company, make the people using a wheelchair the most excluded. Among the participating companies, only three reported having conducted some sort of adjustment, given the need for the person hired by restricting the subsequent hiring people with the same type of disability or with disabilities that do not involve in new adaptations. For people with disabilities the law resulted in increased opportunities, but not in recognition of their potential for work, which favors its hiring, but does not create effective conditions for the development of their work. It was conclude that the Law of quotas fulfills its role in generating employment opportunities, but needs to be evaluated, since it does not allow the employment of disabled people in their various categories and levels of commitment and does not encourage the adequacy of these companies to receive people. In this sense, it points up the need for articulate efforts of different actors and social resources such as special education institutions, municipal programs aimed at drawing up actions that address the needs resulting from a process of inclusion in the workplace.
Estratégias de extração em química: substâncias húmicas em solos e cobre em cachaça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-22)
Oliveira, Andrea Pinto de
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4654484364970262
The goal of the extraction strategies here developed was to obtain final products with efficiency and reliability in a time interval as short as possible. The proposed methods are inexpensive and easily applied for different samples. The first extraction strategy proposed deals with humic substances, HS, removal in peat soils aiming the development of an extraction method for organic matter, OM, more efficient and less laborious than the extraction method recommended by IHSS. Alkaline solutions, such as NaOH and Na2CO3, were tested for extracting HS from peat soils followed by purification and drying steps of humic acid, HA. The effect of other experimental variables was investigated aiming to decrease changes in HA molecular structure. It is well known that both molecular structure and physico-chemical properties are critically dependent on the extraction procedure applied for HA in soils. It was also suggested a method for the characterization of functional groups in the HS molecular structure. This study was based on potentiometric titrations carried out at elevated and constant ionic strengths. The conditional dissociation constants, pK s, correspondent to each titrated acidic group were estimated employing tailored computer programs. Some modifications were performed in the conventional Walkley-Black method for the determination of OM content in soils to reach a complete oxidation process. An other extraction strategy developed was the removal of copper(II) ions in cachaça samples employing solid of calcium and magnesium carbonates. The efficiency of this method comes from the ionic exchange between the metal ion and the solid phase of carbonate and also by adsorption phenomena on this solid phase. It was demonstrated that quantitative removal of copper(II) can be reached in a short time mainly for recently distilled cachaça samples.
Determinação de iodo por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente com configuração axial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-23)
Oliveira, Adriana Alice de
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1158975407996191
In this work it was evaluated the performance of an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer with axial viewed configuration for determining iodine in seafood and table salts. The emission lines of iodine were evaluated based on parameters such as signalto-background ratio (SBR), background equivalent concentration (BEC) and limit of detection (LOD). Interference effects caused by Na+, K+, and P in the emission signals of iodine and the occurrence of memory effects in nitric acid and in water-soluble tertiaryamines (CFA-C) media were also evaluated. Factorial design 2³ + Central Point + Star, was applied for evaluating the operational conditions of the ICP OES with axial configuration and also for an other equipment with radial configuration both applied for iodine determination. An optimum instrument operational condition was established for axial configuration and two optimum conditions for radial configuration. The axial configuration was five fold more sensitive than the radial configuration. The applicability of ICP OES with axial configuration for iodine determination was investigated. Both matrix matching and standard additions method were used for iodine quantification. For most samples, it was obtained a good agreement between both methods. Recoveries at 104 to 114 % range were reached even for samples that did not show values in agreement when applying matrix matching or the standard additions method. Iodine determination in seafood using ICP OES with axial configuration was also investigated. Sample preparation was based on alkaline extraction (CFA-C 10% v v-1 pH 8) with ultrasound bath for 3 h at a temperature of 80 ºC. Recoveries for oyster tissue (NIST 1566b) and non-fat milk powder (NIST 1549) certified reference materials were 113 and 102 %, respectively.
Estudo do modelo de Rabi no contexto de sistemas quânticos abertos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-27)
Oliveira, Thiago Werlang de
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2677281274862000
The Rabi Hamiltonian describes the interaction between a two-level atom and a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field. In this work we study numerically and analytically the dynamics of the Rabi hamiltonian subjected to damping and dephasing reservoirs, included via the usual Lindblad superoperators in the master equation. When the system is subjected to the Markovian atomic dephasing reservoir, the anti-rotating term in the Rabi hamiltonian leads to a linear photon generation from the vacuum. In the case where the dissipation effects are present, the asymptotic mean photon number attains a value higher than the thermal photon number, expected in the absence of the anti-rotating term. We reveal the origins of the phenomenon and estimate its importance in realistic situations. Still, we evaluate approximately the photon creation rate in the pure dephasing case and the asymptotic mean photon number and the atomic population inversion in the general case.
Sistemas eletrônicos em duas dimensões : desordem e resposta dinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-28)
Silva, Cláudio José da
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Rino, José Pedro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801067322823031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1361379226289069
In disordered systems the pinning strength on the carriers due to impurities or defects is one of the most important mechanisms that produce insulator behavior. A transition to a metal phase should occur if a driving field is applied to the system. In the last three decades, such transition in two-dimensional systems has attracted much attention in light of the fascinating experimental observations. However, the physics behind these observations is at the moment not entirely understood. Experiments relating nonlinear behavior of the conductivity and the dynamical response in such systems in the presence of disorder have motivated several theoretical proposals and numerical calculations in order to establish a better understanding of these phenomena. In this work we have studied, by means of Langevin molecular dynamics simulation, a classical two-dimensional system of electrons on liquid helium films adsorbed on a solid substrate subject to an external electric field parallel to the surface of the helium, which produces a driving force. This system is an ideal prototype for the two-dimensional electron gas formed on semiconductor heterostructures. Also, electrons floating on a liquid helium surface have been one of the most promising candidates as a base for quantum computing. To simulate a pinning center we constrain our system by imposing an in-plane potential with lorentzian shape. Firstly, we analyze the influence of the film thickness and the kind of substrate on the drift electron velocity as a function of the external driven force, which is directly related with the dc conductivity. Secondly, the dependence with temperature and disorder strength of the depinning was considered in the extent of the scaling behavior. Our results are in excellent agreement with several experiments and should elucidate better the dynamical response phenomena in 2D electronic systems in the presence of pinning disorder.
Análise de referência Bayesiana para o modelo Weibull na aplicação de riscos competitivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-30)
Martins, Camila Bertini
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3770708843269785
There are situations where various risk factors of failure are present, in the same time, in the life of system. For this reason we say that these factors are competing to cause the system failure. However, only one of these competitors is responsible for the system failure. The failure behavior of one system is, in most times, represented for its failure rate, which may be increasing, decreasing, remain constant or be combinations of these over time. Therefore it is desirable to use a probabilistic model that only with changes in the values of the parameters representing each of these situations. In this work we studied from the perspective of Bayesian reference analysis to the application of competitive risks under the Weibull model due to high flexibility of this model. The reference analysis is a method to produce Bayesian inferential statements which only depend on the assumed model and the available data (Bernardo, 1979). The goal is to find a specific joint reference prior function for all the unknown parameters of Weibull model in the application of competitive risks and a marginal reference posterior to the parameters of interest, which is always dominated by the observed data. The reference posterior distributions are obtained through the use of the Bayes theorem with the reference prior function that can be used to point estimates and tests of hypotheses, providing a unified set of Bayesian objective solutions for our problem.
Transferência de funções ordinais através de classes de estímulos equivalentes: contribuições para a programação de ensino de adultos e crianças surdas e de crianças ouvintes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-30)
Sella, Ana Carolina
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
Currently, in Brazil, education for deaf people prioritizes the bilingual approach, in which the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) is taught as the first language, and the written Portuguese Language is taught as the instrumental language. The acquisition of the written Portuguese Language can be difficult for deaf people due to the differences between the ordinalgrammatical structures of the written Portuguese Language and the Brazilian Sign Language. The ordinal-grammatical structure of the first one consists in a subject verb object order, whereas the Brazilian Sign Language structure allows not only this order, but also different combinations of its elements. Such differences usually result, for the deaf people, in a writing repertoire of the Portuguese Language that has a different grammatical order than that one used by the verbal community in which they are inserted. The series of studies that are described here investigated variables that control the transfer of ordinal functions through equivalence classes. The general strategy was to establish three equivalence classes of four stimuli each (comprised of printed names, verbs and adverbs), then teach one name→verb→adverb sequence, comprised of one element from each class. In the first study, Study 1a, the initial repertoire of two deaf participants was tested through matching to sample (MTS) tasks comprised of pictures-printed words, signs printed words, printed wordspictures, signs-pictures, printed words-signs and pictures-signs relations. In Study 1b, the first four relations that were mentioned above were taught to the participants that responded with less that 90% of accuracy in Study 1a. In Study 1c, the same participants learned two new equivalence classes, adverbs and distracters that were comprised, respectively, of concrete nouns referring to places (e.g., farm/fazenda) and objects (e.g., cap/boné). In studies 2 a and 2b, in which two deaf adults took part, three equivalence classes were established with three members in each class, then one stimulus sequence, entailing one stimulus from each class, was taught. Finally, transfer of ordinal function was tested for five other sequences among eight possible new ones. In Studies 3a, 3b and 3c, with new participants, the number of stimulus in each class was increased to four before the stimulus sequence (A1→A2→A3) was taught. After teaching this sequence, transfer of function was tested for seven new sequences, among 12 possible new ones. All participants met the learning criterion in the matching to sample and sequence tasks. In the transfer of function tests there was a great variability in the results: some participants were exposed to one sequence teaching before showing transfer of ordinal functions; others were exposed to two sequences teaching. Other participants showed the emergence of sequencing behaviors without being exposed to sequence teaching. Questions that are discussed: 1) The use of instructions on the stimulus pairs in the matching to sample tasks; 2) the fact that some participants emitted sequencing responses before being taught to do so; 3) the fact that the participants emitted responses that showed generalization of the sequencing behavior towards new stimuli.
Acessibilidade para a pessoa com cegueira em trilhas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-03)
Ramos, José Júlio Cordeiro
;
Almeida, Maria Amélia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0977244594082322
The independence of blind people while in mobility, the object of this research, is one of areas that provide a high incidence of exclusion, since this is a limitation on a fundamental right of all citizens, which is the right of walking freely. The city of Florianópolis, place of this research and considered by the government organizations, a tourist destination offers many options of leisure such as beaches, mountains and forests. There are many trails in these places which are, commonly, used for walking or trekking. In general, these trails don t offer exclusive access to people with physical or visual impairment. For trekking , blind people need the assistance of a guide with normal vision. The propose of this research is to evaluate the accessibility for blind people on one of these trails, with their participation in this process through the application of modifications that allowed accessibility. The methodology involved some instruments used in previous research which were adapted for the conditions of blindness of the people with qualitative and early experimental approach. There are eleven blind people involved in the project, with skill in the use of normal guide, blind cane and Braille System. The principal instrument used in this research was a transit test on ecological trails, where we could observe the subjects involved. Could a blind person walk on trails, with independence? Is it possible these people walk beyond independence, with safety, too? And, the people in that walk are conscious of their space orientation and local attractive? The results have shown that with the utilization of a guide line, information plaques and sound signs, activated by a cane touch, that is, low worth materials, it is possible to offer an accessible trail for blind people.
Para uma ética da amizade em Friedrich Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-04)
Oliveira, Jelson Roberto de
;
Fonseca, Thelma Silveira da Mota Lessa da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3050882318949006
This work aims to analyze the Nietzsche s project of an ethics of friendship, as it appears in the writings of the so-called second period of the production of the German philosopher (1876-1882). We begin with the hypothesis that the Nietzsche s philosophy undertaking must be understood as an experimental process that aims to overthrow the metaphysical foundations of the philosophy, art and religion to reveal a affirmative and original intent of morality in which the individual's self appears as main theme. This moral of the individuality, however, relies on the notion of friendship because the individual is understood by Nietzsche as a multiple and constituted from the basis of relations among their peers, whose result is the assertion of life. Objects to the morality of compassion for this lead to the denial of the existence abnegation of the individual and their submission to the fellow man, the German philosopher recovers the notion of friendship as antidote to the decadence of modern relationships, whose balance is the rise of the absolute value of equality gregarious and the consequent illness of the human. The assertion of himself and of the reality are the foundations of a type of thinking that connects the morality to individual pathos which is constructing the shaft from the experimental and obtain as result not a canon of values, but the freedom of spirit and happiness tragic-existential. This hypothesis will require an analysis of methodological assumptions that mark the thought of Nietzsche in this second period, summarized under the concept of experimentalism. In the first chapter of this work is carried out an examination of the experimental procedure and the use of this stratagem for analysis of life and human phenomenon, which leads to the relationship between loneliness, illness and friendship as a privileged space for experimenting with the individual with himself. The three following chapters deal with the Nietzsche's critical of the foundations of the ethics of compassion and then be listed the two devices that characterize the design his project of the ethics of friendship: freedom of spirit and sharing of happiness.The notion of freedom of spirit encompasses some of the virtues of his moral of the future: the courage of detachment, the simplicity that make possible the nomadic life of the stroller and strength of the enemy. The sharing of happiness refers, in turn, the concept of life as celebration, virtue of the laughter and a sense prophylactic of the Mitfreude, which opposed to the compassion (Mitleide) presents itself as a congratulation (Mitfreunde).