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Estudo citogenético clássico e molecular em quinze espécies da tribo Ancistrini (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) de três bacias hidrográficas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19) Mariotto, Sandra; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4363800824135100
The Loricariidae Family is the second largest family of fresh water fish with approximately 700 species. Among the Loricariidae, the Ancistrini tribe distinguishes itself with 217 valid species distributed in the neotropical region. The catfish of this group measure an average of 15 centimeters in length and have moveable evertible odontodes in the operculum region. Cytogenetic studies have been made in only 10% of the species. In this study, fifteen species, two of the genus Lasiancistrus and thirteen of the genus Ancistrus were cytogenetically analyzed. Besides the classic analyses of cytogenetic, the technique of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to locate the regions of rDNA 5S and 18S in seven species of the genus Ancistrus. The results showed diploid numbers of 2n=34, 40, 42, 50, 52 and 54 chromosomes. In the species of the genus Lasiacistrus, the diploid number was 2n=54 chromosomes, and there were simple NORs and some small blocks of constitutive heterochromatin. There were no chromosomic differences observed between males and females but there were distinct cytotypes among the species. The results are compared with analyses made with other genera of the Ancistrini group. In the genus Ancistrus diversity of species and chromosomic variation is surprising. In the species Ancistrus cuiabae chromosomic polymorphism and rDNA 18S were observed. The event that is probably responsible for this chromosomic polymorphism was a pericentric inversion. In four species of distinct populations chromosomic heteromorphism and constitutive heterochromatin were verified, thus suggesting that two populations possess XX/XY and ZZ/ZW sexual chromosomes. The nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) that appeared in the presence of silver nitrate were simple in all the species, located in the terminal and interstitial region of the chromosomes. With the FISH technique it was possible to confirm the data obtained with AgNOR in seven species. In respect to rDNA 5S the results were very diversified with only one pair of chromosomes marked, in Ancistrus sp 06; two pairs in A. sp 04, A. sp 08 and A. sp 13; three pairs in A. cuiabae, A. claro and A. cf. dubius. The cístrons observed in rDNA 5S and 18S were syntenic in four of the seven species analyzed. Using technique of C band it was possible to verify the blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were few in number and small in size in the species with diploid numbers 2n=50 to 54, but were bigger and stained in an evident manner in the species with chromosomic polymorphisms, sexual chromosomes and 2n=34 to 42 chromosomes. Besides the highly variable diploid number, the Ancistrini tribe has simple and multiple sexual chromosomes systems. In this study we confirmed the occurrence of chromosomic polymorphism, of rDNA 18S and of constitutive heterochromatin in new species. For the first time fluorescent in situ hybridization was done in the Ancistrini tribe and it confirmed the diversity existent, especially in the genus Ancistrus, which is the most derived of the tribe. With these results it was to infer that the species of the genus Ancistrus with diploid numbers 2n=50 to 54 chromosomes are more primitive than the others founded in the Baixada Cuiabana with intense sedimentation. New analyses, using molecular techniques could help in understanding the phylogeny and evolution of this diversified group of Loricariidae.
Cursos de Administração e políticas de avaliação do ensino superior no estado de São Paulo (1995-2006)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19) Aragão, José Euzébio de Oliveira Souza; Tancredi, Regina Maria Simões Puccinelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7942182121890152
Le thème de cette étude est l'évaluation institutionnelle, en mettant l'accent sur des cours de premier cycle en administration. Vise à établir si les politiques de l'évaluation de l'enseignement supérieur de plomb, selon les gestionnaires de programmes d'études supérieures dans l'administration, dans l'amélioration de leur efficacité. Qu'est-ce que les gestionnaires pensent, d'évaluer, et ce qu'ils font de ces politiques visent aussi à ce travail. Les politiques d'évaluation, soit au plus haut niveau, ou de base à moyen et à améliorer la qualité de l'éducation. La Constitution fédérale et LDB sur la question de la qualité de l'éducation. Le document examine l'évolution de la notion de qualité, de leur application pour les entreprises et les limites et les possibilités d'application au contexte éducatif. Il est basé sur des concepts théoriques de l'éducation et le déroulement de mesure politique et l'analyse économique et sociale à l'évaluation de la politique l'enseignement supérieur au Brésil, depuis le milieu des années 1990, le Président Fernando Henrique Cardoso et a changé le gouvernement du président Luis Inacio Lula da Silva. Nous soulignons dans cette étude, les tests mis en oeuvre dans les deux gouvernements, la Commission nationale d'examen des cours (ENC), largement connu sous le nom de Provão et le Conseil national de l'examen du rendement des étudiantes et étudiants (ENADE) et les évaluations des programmes de premier cycle, qui s'appelle aujourd'hui l'évaluation des conditions de vie l'éducation. Nous avons utilisé la recherche qualitative, en utilisant de multiples études de cas, en utilisant l'analyse documentaire et des entrevues avec les gestionnaires de l'administration de quatre cours d'établissements d'enseignement supérieur: deux universités (l'un public et une foi, un centre et un corps professoral de l'université privé) pour atteindre notre objectif. Le travail montre les difficultés et les limites de l'application de la notion de qualité de l'éducation. Faits saillants de la pertinence et l'importance de l'évaluation des politiques de la reconfiguration de l'administration des cours au Brésil et insiste sur les améliorations apportées au cours de l'enquête de parler gestionnaires.
Avaliação da diversidade e estrutura genética de Micoureus paraguayanus (Didelphidae) em fragmentos de mata atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19) Guedes, Fátima Becker; Brito, Reinaldo Alves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3381037823840080
Habitat fragmentation is one of the main results of human alterations on nature. Understanding the biological consequences of this process is essential to reach the goal of conserving natural resources. The aim of this project was to assess levels of diversity and genetic structure of a population of the marsupial Micoureus paraguayanus, in forest remnants of a Semi-Decidual Estational Forest in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo. This variation was evaluated in ten microsatellite loci scored in 95 individuals sampled from six habitat fragments, including the Morro do Diabo State Forest. Genetic diversity in each subgroup was estimated by considering the average number of alleles (6,1 overall) and heterozygosity (0,488 when averaging all subpopulations). The latter was lower than values described in the literature for non-inbred populations on average. The number of alleles of three loci were also lower than what was observed for other population from the same species. So, on average, diversity was slightly lower than observed elsewhere. We detected a significant positive correlation (R = 0,087; P = 0,003) between genetic and geographic distances of populations of the fragments. The high number of migrants per generation (Nm) indicates historic gene flow between the analyzed populations. In spite of that, significant values of Fst and Rst were detected between some of the populations. A significant genetic differentiation was detected between Santa Teresa, Santa Maria and Ponte Branca. To analyze the genetic structure of this population we used the softwares Tess and Structure, which indicated tree clusters in the population of M paraguayanus sampled, which are associated with the three populations previously mentioned. These localities were the smallest and most disturbed fragments evaluated in this study and their differences probably indicate that the recent fragmentation process about 60 years could be responsible for promoting changes, by founder effect or bottleneck, in the genetic composition of the studied population.
O estado da arte da produção científica em educação especial na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) : um estudo bibliométrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19) Pizzani, Luciana; Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3032047891648218
Special Education approach and its interfaces with other knowledge areas are evidenced through the diverse scientific production consolidated in scientific journals besides national and international databases. In the present work, a bibliometric analysis of Special Education scientific production was done in the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), coordinated by BIREME a specialized center of the Pan American Health Organization, which promotes the dissemination and use of scientific information in health. The proposed methodology was developed in four phases, namely: a) literature review on special education and bibliometrics to theoretically support the research; b) data collection in the bases LILACS, MEDLINE, BBO, BDENF, MEDCARIB, PAHO and WHOLIS; c) organization and bibliometric treatment of the collected data by using the software Vantage Point and MS Excel for bibliometric analysis besides preparation of graphs and tables; d) result analysis, recovering exposed concepts in the theoretical pattern to support the obtained data analyses and interpretations. The following bibliometric indicators were produced in the Medline basis: English is the predominant language; most of the records had individual authorship; the record type is scientific paper; the predominant descriptor was Special Education; the main theme in journals was Medicine; and the most frequent country was The United States. As regards the databases LILACS, BBO, BDENF, MEDCARIB, PAHO, and WHOLIS, the indicators were represented as follows: Portuguese was the predominant language; most records had individual authorship; the predominant type is the original paper; the main themes were Special Education, People presenting disabilities, mental retardation, Brazil, mental handicap education, people presenting impaired hearing, Education, Learning, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Centers, Hearing Education and Disorders; the mostly found themes in journals were psychology and development psychology, and the country with the largest number of records is Brazil. Results indicated the interface among Health Sciences, Information Science and Special Education, which allowed viewing of the state of the art in Special Education in the VHL databases, besides contributing to the dissemination of these databases to researchers in the field as an important scientific information source.
A concepção de homem no Behaviorismo radical e suas implicações para a tecnologia do comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19) Melo, Camila Muchon de; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015798975492836
B. F. Skinner describes and explains the human behavior through the causal model of selection by consequences. According to this model, the human behavior is the product of the interaction among three levels of variability and selection (phylogeny, ontogeny and culture). According to this explanation, the cultural contingencies enable the rising and maintenance of behaviors that may produce consequences which strengthen a culture and these are the behaviors which participate as operant behaviors in the constituting of a cultural practice. The Man is a product of three processes of variation and selection. Within this, especially due to the third level, he is a Man that may also plan new variations which may perform a role on the strengthening of a culture and therefore he must plan contingencies so that the behavior produces the good of the culture. The cultural planning directed to the survival of the culture elicits questionings on the Behavioral Technology proposed to enable the insertion of new cultural practices. Thus, this study had the objective of investigating if the conception of Man in Radical Behaviorism in Skinner s works, interpreted as a commitment with the good of the culture, is consistent with the proposal of this author of a Behavioral Technology. Aspects of Science and Ethics based on the Philosophy of Radical Behaviorism have been investigated. Moreover, some examples of behavioral technology based on this philosophy have illustrated our analyses in the defense of a technology which produce consequences which may strengthen a culture. Using methods of text analyses and of epistemological-hermeneutic, texts from the author previously selected which refer to the concepts of Man, culture, science, ethics and technology have been analyzed in order to identify the inconsistencies, clarify or explain the conception of Man and Behavioral Technology proposed by the model of selection by consequences of the Skinner s Radical Behaviorism.
Análise de projetos de melhoria da produção: concepção de ferramenta estruturada e estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19) Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia; Alliprandini, Dário Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
The capacity to improve the processes has been considered as an important factor for the companies competitiveness. However, the improvement activities don't happen spontaneously, people involved must have knowledge and abilities, besides domain on techniques and methods to achieve the improvement. Therefore, the company needs to invest in training, to make possible that the people involved in improvement projects dedicate time, and to support with financial and organizational resources. This investment will be applied to accomplish improvement projects, but, however, how to verify if the efforts are being used in an effective way? For that, it is necessary to measure the efforts allocated for the accomplishment of the activities and to compare with the obtained results. The importance of this study is its contribution for the evaluation of improvement projects. Besides, the theme has relevance, considering the shortage of works that analyze the factors involved for the accomplishment of improvement actions, quantify them and compare with the obtained results. The bases for that investigation are the descriptions found in the literature, they present the efforts involved for the improvement accomplishment and the possible results. For the investigation, some approaches were analyzed, like Total Quality Management, Kaizen and Six Sigma, identifying the efforts that each one judges necessary for the improvement and to achieve results. All these information helped to create a structured tool to measure and to characterize the improvement projects. To use the tool are necessary some procedures, of rising and analysis data related to the projects efforts and results. This work was developed using multiple cases study, were investigated four companies, which have improvement culture disseminated, guaranteed by the use of programs like Lean Production and Six Sigma, allowing an analysis of different improvement project types. It was verified that utilizing the tool developed in this research was possible to evaluate the improvement projects, verifying the relation between efforts and results.