Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-01-19"

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Diversidade funcional: como incluir a variação intraespecífica e o efeito do fogo em comunidades vegetais do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-19)
Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius
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Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
Biological diversity may influence the structure and functioning of communities in several ways, for example, altering the species resource complementarity. However, traditional diversity measures (such as species richness or diversity indices as Shannon or Simpson) have being considered as rough biodiversity estimators. In that sense, several authors suggest that measures taking in account phylogenetic or functional relationships among species would be better predictors than those traditional measures. We can split this thesis in three fractions relatively distinct. The first, compounded by the first chapter, is a brief review on the properties of two promising approaches in Ecology measures of phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. We present and discuss briefly the major concepts, approaches and applications of these measures that are relatively new to Community Ecology. Podemos divir esta tese em três partes relativamente distintas. The second part, represented by the second chapter, is more theoretical and suggests a simple manner to incorporate the intraspecific variability in functional traits in a functional diversity measure. In this chapter, we demonstrate throught simulations and using empirical data, that it is possible to include the functional variability existing within local populations, and also the variability that exists among populations occurring in disticnt geographical areas. The third section is compoused by the third and fourth chapters where we investigated the effects of different fire frequencies in the structure of cerrado communities. How does fire structures the cerrado woody species in terms of their relatedness and functional traits? In the third chapter we analised the phylogenetic and functional diversities of the cerrado woody species under annual fires, biannual fires, and under fire exclusion for 12 years. We discuss the consequences of an increasing in fire frequency upon these diversities, and also which is the contribution of rare species to those measures. We found that under annual fires functional diversity is reduced significantly, that is, fire selects similar individuals in their functional traits when compared to communities under biannual or fire exclusion. Therefore, high frequency fire is an environmental filter selecting functionally similar species. Also, we show that rare species are important to this diversity. However, we did not find any difference for phylogenetic diversity, that is, different fire frequencies do not change species relatedness in average. Therefore, functional diversity might be somehow independent from evolutionary history. In the fourth chapter we studied the herbaceous-undershrubby species. We investigated the effects of different fire frequencies in total above-ground biomass and also the biomass of functional groups (the tussock grass Tristachya leiostachya Nees, other grasses, woody species, and dry biomass) in savannas subjected to annual fires, biennial fires, and protected from fire in a 12 yr period. Protection from fire during 12 yr resulted in the accumulation of total biomass, which was more than twofold higher in the protected site than in the annually burned site. The negative correlation of T. leiostachya with other grasses and woody species in the annually burned site supports the idea that frequent fires favor this species, and may indicate an outcompeting effect. Therefore, knowledge not only about biomass but especially about its functional components is important to provide a better understanding of the processes and consequences involving different burning strategies.
Democracia e processo político na Bolívia (1952-2005)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-21)
Torres, Rafael Montan
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Villa, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4845776936400605
Pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho: implicações da Lei de cotas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-21)
Lobato, Beatriz Cardoso
;
Almeida, Maria Amélia
The disabled people s right to work, guaranteed by the Brazilian constitution, resulted in the effective inclusion of these people in the labor market. In order to ensure this right it was created compensatory benefits, the affirmative action, which under the right to work, provided a reservation of vacancies for people with disabilities in the formal labor market. This research assessed the implications of this legislation to create job opportunities for disabled people and whether those opportunities are guided by the paradigm of inclusion, encouraging the recruitment and retention of people with different levels and categories of disability in the workplace. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten officials of the sector of Human Resources and twelve employees with disabilities. The interviews were record, transcribed in full and qualitatively analyzed by the analysis of content procedure. The results demonstrated that companies hire people with disabilities according to the requirement imposed by law and, especially, as a result of surveillance conducted by the Public Ministry of Labor and justify the difficulty in hiring these people by the lack of education, professional qualification and the need to adequacy of the company to receive them. In practice, these needs come before the requirements of qualification and the pre-selection of the categories of disabilities acceptable by the company, make the people using a wheelchair the most excluded. Among the participating companies, only three reported having conducted some sort of adjustment, given the need for the person hired by restricting the subsequent hiring people with the same type of disability or with disabilities that do not involve in new adaptations. For people with disabilities the law resulted in increased opportunities, but not in recognition of their potential for work, which favors its hiring, but does not create effective conditions for the development of their work. It was conclude that the Law of quotas fulfills its role in generating employment opportunities, but needs to be evaluated, since it does not allow the employment of disabled people in their various categories and levels of commitment and does not encourage the adequacy of these companies to receive people. In this sense, it points up the need for articulate efforts of different actors and social resources such as special education institutions, municipal programs aimed at drawing up actions that address the needs resulting from a process of inclusion in the workplace.
Estratégias de extração em química: substâncias húmicas em solos e cobre em cachaça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-22)
Oliveira, Andrea Pinto de
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4654484364970262
The goal of the extraction strategies here developed was to obtain final products with efficiency and reliability in a time interval as short as possible. The proposed methods are inexpensive and easily applied for different samples. The first extraction strategy proposed deals with humic substances, HS, removal in peat soils aiming the development of an extraction method for organic matter, OM, more efficient and less laborious than the extraction method recommended by IHSS. Alkaline solutions, such as NaOH and Na2CO3, were tested for extracting HS from peat soils followed by purification and drying steps of humic acid, HA. The effect of other experimental variables was investigated aiming to decrease changes in HA molecular structure. It is well known that both molecular structure and physico-chemical properties are critically dependent on the extraction procedure applied for HA in soils. It was also suggested a method for the characterization of functional groups in the HS molecular structure. This study was based on potentiometric titrations carried out at elevated and constant ionic strengths. The conditional dissociation constants, pK s, correspondent to each titrated acidic group were estimated employing tailored computer programs. Some modifications were performed in the conventional Walkley-Black method for the determination of OM content in soils to reach a complete oxidation process. An other extraction strategy developed was the removal of copper(II) ions in cachaça samples employing solid of calcium and magnesium carbonates. The efficiency of this method comes from the ionic exchange between the metal ion and the solid phase of carbonate and also by adsorption phenomena on this solid phase. It was demonstrated that quantitative removal of copper(II) can be reached in a short time mainly for recently distilled cachaça samples.
Determinação de iodo por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente com configuração axial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-23)
Oliveira, Adriana Alice de
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1158975407996191
In this work it was evaluated the performance of an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer with axial viewed configuration for determining iodine in seafood and table salts. The emission lines of iodine were evaluated based on parameters such as signalto-background ratio (SBR), background equivalent concentration (BEC) and limit of detection (LOD). Interference effects caused by Na+, K+, and P in the emission signals of iodine and the occurrence of memory effects in nitric acid and in water-soluble tertiaryamines (CFA-C) media were also evaluated. Factorial design 2³ + Central Point + Star, was applied for evaluating the operational conditions of the ICP OES with axial configuration and also for an other equipment with radial configuration both applied for iodine determination. An optimum instrument operational condition was established for axial configuration and two optimum conditions for radial configuration. The axial configuration was five fold more sensitive than the radial configuration. The applicability of ICP OES with axial configuration for iodine determination was investigated. Both matrix matching and standard additions method were used for iodine quantification. For most samples, it was obtained a good agreement between both methods. Recoveries at 104 to 114 % range were reached even for samples that did not show values in agreement when applying matrix matching or the standard additions method. Iodine determination in seafood using ICP OES with axial configuration was also investigated. Sample preparation was based on alkaline extraction (CFA-C 10% v v-1 pH 8) with ultrasound bath for 3 h at a temperature of 80 ºC. Recoveries for oyster tissue (NIST 1566b) and non-fat milk powder (NIST 1549) certified reference materials were 113 and 102 %, respectively.
Estudo do modelo de Rabi no contexto de sistemas quânticos abertos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-27)
Oliveira, Thiago Werlang de
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2677281274862000
The Rabi Hamiltonian describes the interaction between a two-level atom and a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field. In this work we study numerically and analytically the dynamics of the Rabi hamiltonian subjected to damping and dephasing reservoirs, included via the usual Lindblad superoperators in the master equation. When the system is subjected to the Markovian atomic dephasing reservoir, the anti-rotating term in the Rabi hamiltonian leads to a linear photon generation from the vacuum. In the case where the dissipation effects are present, the asymptotic mean photon number attains a value higher than the thermal photon number, expected in the absence of the anti-rotating term. We reveal the origins of the phenomenon and estimate its importance in realistic situations. Still, we evaluate approximately the photon creation rate in the pure dephasing case and the asymptotic mean photon number and the atomic population inversion in the general case.
Sistemas eletrônicos em duas dimensões : desordem e resposta dinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-28)
Silva, Cláudio José da
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Rino, José Pedro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801067322823031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1361379226289069
In disordered systems the pinning strength on the carriers due to impurities or defects is one of the most important mechanisms that produce insulator behavior. A transition to a metal phase should occur if a driving field is applied to the system. In the last three decades, such transition in two-dimensional systems has attracted much attention in light of the fascinating experimental observations. However, the physics behind these observations is at the moment not entirely understood. Experiments relating nonlinear behavior of the conductivity and the dynamical response in such systems in the presence of disorder have motivated several theoretical proposals and numerical calculations in order to establish a better understanding of these phenomena. In this work we have studied, by means of Langevin molecular dynamics simulation, a classical two-dimensional system of electrons on liquid helium films adsorbed on a solid substrate subject to an external electric field parallel to the surface of the helium, which produces a driving force. This system is an ideal prototype for the two-dimensional electron gas formed on semiconductor heterostructures. Also, electrons floating on a liquid helium surface have been one of the most promising candidates as a base for quantum computing. To simulate a pinning center we constrain our system by imposing an in-plane potential with lorentzian shape. Firstly, we analyze the influence of the film thickness and the kind of substrate on the drift electron velocity as a function of the external driven force, which is directly related with the dc conductivity. Secondly, the dependence with temperature and disorder strength of the depinning was considered in the extent of the scaling behavior. Our results are in excellent agreement with several experiments and should elucidate better the dynamical response phenomena in 2D electronic systems in the presence of pinning disorder.
Análise de referência Bayesiana para o modelo Weibull na aplicação de riscos competitivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-30)
Martins, Camila Bertini
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3770708843269785
There are situations where various risk factors of failure are present, in the same time, in the life of system. For this reason we say that these factors are competing to cause the system failure. However, only one of these competitors is responsible for the system failure. The failure behavior of one system is, in most times, represented for its failure rate, which may be increasing, decreasing, remain constant or be combinations of these over time. Therefore it is desirable to use a probabilistic model that only with changes in the values of the parameters representing each of these situations. In this work we studied from the perspective of Bayesian reference analysis to the application of competitive risks under the Weibull model due to high flexibility of this model. The reference analysis is a method to produce Bayesian inferential statements which only depend on the assumed model and the available data (Bernardo, 1979). The goal is to find a specific joint reference prior function for all the unknown parameters of Weibull model in the application of competitive risks and a marginal reference posterior to the parameters of interest, which is always dominated by the observed data. The reference posterior distributions are obtained through the use of the Bayes theorem with the reference prior function that can be used to point estimates and tests of hypotheses, providing a unified set of Bayesian objective solutions for our problem.
Transferência de funções ordinais através de classes de estímulos equivalentes: contribuições para a programação de ensino de adultos e crianças surdas e de crianças ouvintes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-30)
Sella, Ana Carolina
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
Currently, in Brazil, education for deaf people prioritizes the bilingual approach, in which the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) is taught as the first language, and the written Portuguese Language is taught as the instrumental language. The acquisition of the written Portuguese Language can be difficult for deaf people due to the differences between the ordinalgrammatical structures of the written Portuguese Language and the Brazilian Sign Language. The ordinal-grammatical structure of the first one consists in a subject verb object order, whereas the Brazilian Sign Language structure allows not only this order, but also different combinations of its elements. Such differences usually result, for the deaf people, in a writing repertoire of the Portuguese Language that has a different grammatical order than that one used by the verbal community in which they are inserted. The series of studies that are described here investigated variables that control the transfer of ordinal functions through equivalence classes. The general strategy was to establish three equivalence classes of four stimuli each (comprised of printed names, verbs and adverbs), then teach one name→verb→adverb sequence, comprised of one element from each class. In the first study, Study 1a, the initial repertoire of two deaf participants was tested through matching to sample (MTS) tasks comprised of pictures-printed words, signs printed words, printed wordspictures, signs-pictures, printed words-signs and pictures-signs relations. In Study 1b, the first four relations that were mentioned above were taught to the participants that responded with less that 90% of accuracy in Study 1a. In Study 1c, the same participants learned two new equivalence classes, adverbs and distracters that were comprised, respectively, of concrete nouns referring to places (e.g., farm/fazenda) and objects (e.g., cap/boné). In studies 2 a and 2b, in which two deaf adults took part, three equivalence classes were established with three members in each class, then one stimulus sequence, entailing one stimulus from each class, was taught. Finally, transfer of ordinal function was tested for five other sequences among eight possible new ones. In Studies 3a, 3b and 3c, with new participants, the number of stimulus in each class was increased to four before the stimulus sequence (A1→A2→A3) was taught. After teaching this sequence, transfer of function was tested for seven new sequences, among 12 possible new ones. All participants met the learning criterion in the matching to sample and sequence tasks. In the transfer of function tests there was a great variability in the results: some participants were exposed to one sequence teaching before showing transfer of ordinal functions; others were exposed to two sequences teaching. Other participants showed the emergence of sequencing behaviors without being exposed to sequence teaching. Questions that are discussed: 1) The use of instructions on the stimulus pairs in the matching to sample tasks; 2) the fact that some participants emitted sequencing responses before being taught to do so; 3) the fact that the participants emitted responses that showed generalization of the sequencing behavior towards new stimuli.
Acessibilidade para a pessoa com cegueira em trilhas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-03)
Ramos, José Júlio Cordeiro
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0977244594082322
The independence of blind people while in mobility, the object of this research, is one of areas that provide a high incidence of exclusion, since this is a limitation on a fundamental right of all citizens, which is the right of walking freely. The city of Florianópolis, place of this research and considered by the government organizations, a tourist destination offers many options of leisure such as beaches, mountains and forests. There are many trails in these places which are, commonly, used for walking or trekking. In general, these trails don t offer exclusive access to people with physical or visual impairment. For trekking , blind people need the assistance of a guide with normal vision. The propose of this research is to evaluate the accessibility for blind people on one of these trails, with their participation in this process through the application of modifications that allowed accessibility. The methodology involved some instruments used in previous research which were adapted for the conditions of blindness of the people with qualitative and early experimental approach. There are eleven blind people involved in the project, with skill in the use of normal guide, blind cane and Braille System. The principal instrument used in this research was a transit test on ecological trails, where we could observe the subjects involved. Could a blind person walk on trails, with independence? Is it possible these people walk beyond independence, with safety, too? And, the people in that walk are conscious of their space orientation and local attractive? The results have shown that with the utilization of a guide line, information plaques and sound signs, activated by a cane touch, that is, low worth materials, it is possible to offer an accessible trail for blind people.
Para uma ética da amizade em Friedrich Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-04)
Oliveira, Jelson Roberto de
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Fonseca, Thelma Silveira da Mota Lessa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3050882318949006
This work aims to analyze the Nietzsche s project of an ethics of friendship, as it appears in the writings of the so-called second period of the production of the German philosopher (1876-1882). We begin with the hypothesis that the Nietzsche s philosophy undertaking must be understood as an experimental process that aims to overthrow the metaphysical foundations of the philosophy, art and religion to reveal a affirmative and original intent of morality in which the individual's self appears as main theme. This moral of the individuality, however, relies on the notion of friendship because the individual is understood by Nietzsche as a multiple and constituted from the basis of relations among their peers, whose result is the assertion of life. Objects to the morality of compassion for this lead to the denial of the existence abnegation of the individual and their submission to the fellow man, the German philosopher recovers the notion of friendship as antidote to the decadence of modern relationships, whose balance is the rise of the absolute value of equality gregarious and the consequent illness of the human. The assertion of himself and of the reality are the foundations of a type of thinking that connects the morality to individual pathos which is constructing the shaft from the experimental and obtain as result not a canon of values, but the freedom of spirit and happiness tragic-existential. This hypothesis will require an analysis of methodological assumptions that mark the thought of Nietzsche in this second period, summarized under the concept of experimentalism. In the first chapter of this work is carried out an examination of the experimental procedure and the use of this stratagem for analysis of life and human phenomenon, which leads to the relationship between loneliness, illness and friendship as a privileged space for experimenting with the individual with himself. The three following chapters deal with the Nietzsche's critical of the foundations of the ethics of compassion and then be listed the two devices that characterize the design his project of the ethics of friendship: freedom of spirit and sharing of happiness.The notion of freedom of spirit encompasses some of the virtues of his moral of the future: the courage of detachment, the simplicity that make possible the nomadic life of the stroller and strength of the enemy. The sharing of happiness refers, in turn, the concept of life as celebration, virtue of the laughter and a sense prophylactic of the Mitfreude, which opposed to the compassion (Mitleide) presents itself as a congratulation (Mitfreunde).
As auditorias militares no aparato repressor do regime ditatorial (1965-1968)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-04)
Wanderley, Erika Kubik da Costa
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9367883500184419
The central objective of this research is to understand the relations established between the first instance of the Brazilian Military Justice the military audits and the repressive apparatus built by the Brazilian military regime in the period of institutionalization that starts with the edition of the second Institutional Act, in October of 1965 and finishes with the publication of the fifth Institutional Act, in December of 1968. The choice of this organ as an object of investigation is essentially, due to its importance in the legal architecture of the regime, mainly after the alterations established by the second Institutional Act, that transferred to the Military Justice the competence to prosecute and judge civil accused of crimes against the national security. The main analytic focus concentrated in the political judgments realized by this instance and the empirical material consisted essentially in primary fonts, of documentary character.
Efeitos de um programa de remediação fonológica nas habilidades de leitura e escrita em alunos com Síndrome de Down
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-04)
Sás, Roberta Moreno
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3057491034698544
Many studies show the importance of remediation programs to improve phonological skills of reading and writing, however few are concerned with results that could be found in students with Down syndrome. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the program for phonological remediation in the levels of reading and writing in students with the syndrome. The specific objectives were to verify students performance on phonological awareness and abilities on reading and writing. Eight students, with a diagnosis of Down syndrome considered literate by their teachers, participated of the study. They were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) and control group of expected (CG). The study was conducted in schools where the participants were enrolled and involved three phases: pre-test, intervention and post-test. A design of various groups and tools for selection and characterization of the participants, as well as the measuring the effectiveness of the intervention program, was used. During intervention a Phonological Remediation Program was used and consisted of 8 stages: grapheme-phoneme correspondence 1, Breakdown of phonemes in syllables; Classification pairs words; Breakdown of phonemes in words; graphemephoneme correspondence 2; Identification of phoneme; Segmentation of phoneme and suppression of phoneme. Data analysis were made by comparing the performance of participants in the pre-and post-test. The results demonstrated that the Phonological Remediation Program was effective for students with Down syndrome, since it allowed improvement in the performance in tests of phonological awareness, reading aloud and writing under dictation of by eight students when compared to pre and post test situations. It was concluded that besides being effective, the program is easy to apply and of easy understanding by this population, and provides favorable results in a short period of time. Its application by the teachers of Down syndrome students is important to facilitate reading and writing learning.
Canções, diálogos e educação : caminhos para uma prática escolar humanizadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-05)
Targas, Keila de Mello
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5981684153509477
The research question proposed by this study was: how can songs contribute to the appreciation of the cultural singularity in the school? What educative processes are generated from the contact of a teacher, her pupils and researchers? The objectives of the study were to observe, to describe and analyze the educative processes originated from the contact with the group, as well as to analyze how music contributed in this process. The research, of qualitative methodological ground, was developed in a public community school. With weekly meetings, the communication was done through music with songs, movements and body expression. The results show that music contributed to favor the dialogue between the different cultural and musical references in the group, in a perspective of appreciation and respect for the diversity and singularity.
Recursos multimídia na promoção de habilidades sociais em crianças com dificuldade de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-05)
Lopes, Daniele Carolina
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7453800338008511
School has an important socialization role and social skills contribute to the socio-emotional and academic development and also behavior problems reduction. To maximize this contribution, universal social skills programs should be tested and disseminated in schools, with effective participation of teachers, main mediators of interpersonal relationships in this environment. For this, it is necessary to investigate a set of practicable procedures, techniques, and resources in the classroom, attractive for both teachers and students. This study examined aspects of a universal program effectiveness, conducted by the teacher, using the audiovisual resources RMHSC-Del-Prette, which has already proved its effectiveness in selective programs conducted by a psychologist. The practicability and effectiveness of the program were evaluated in terms of: (a) impact on social skills, academic competence and behavior problems of all students from two classes, (b) impact on the repertoire of three children from each class with low academic performance, also evaluated on an ongoing basis, (c) integrity of the intervention applied by teachers. Two teachers and their students participated in three classes of fourth grade in a private school. The students evaluation was different for each class, in Class 1 only students with low academic performance (n = 3) were evaluated and in Class 2 (n = 13) and Class 3 (n = 14), all the students were evaluated. All children were assessed before and after the intervention, through the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) in its three versions. Before the intervention, the teachers were given a brief training course. The intervention program consisted of 11 sessions of 60 minutes each focusing on differents social skills and sequenced in complexity, which were previously evaluated by teachers. The results of SSRS-BR showed an improvement in Responsibility/Cooperation and Academic Competence in the overall assessment of students from two classes according to teachers evaluation; in Kindness and Self-Control and a decrease in Internalizing Behaviors (Class 2) according to parents evaluation. In relation to children with low academic performance, teachers evaluated that most children improved Responsibility / Cooperation and Academic Competence; the parents evaluated that children improved Global social skills Score, Cooperation and also decreased at least a score of Problematic behaviors; in self-assessment the children improved Self-Control. Data from continuous assessment of students with low academic performance indicated that most improved the quality of social skills after the intervention program. The intervention was implemented with integrity of 80% for Teacher 1 (Classes 1 and 3) and 75% for Teacher 2 (Class 2). In summary, the data indicated that the universal social skill program using the RMHSC-Del-Prette produced substantial changes, especially in cooperative behaviors in academic performance and behavior problems (parental assessment) when it was applied by the teacher, including children with low academic performance. It was found that, in implementing this program, the integrity equal to or above 75% was able to produce changes in children's behavior, however, the importance of teacher training and the importance of research about characteristics of the agent's intervention during the implementation of a program is discussed.
Dialogismo e tradição nas histórias em quadrinhos contemporâneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-06)
Figueira, Diego Aparecido Alves Gomes
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388127952061321
This study aims to examine some aesthetic trends from super-heroes comic books relate to the activity of collect them. The narratives of these magazines have long and continuous stories, without an end in perspective, interconnected with others magazines of the same publisher. The collector-reader appears crucial to examine the comic book production, since its plots usually are based on evidence and information about the characters mostly recovered of other older stories. We also consider relevant the presence of a media segment specialized in comics, also responsible for a form of criticism of comics that results in the idea of a canon and an aesthetic tradition to the genre. That specialized media became the space where rises and circulates a discourse about comics and a fan knowledge that dialogue with the discourse of the narratives. Based on Mikhail Bakhtin´s linguistics studies, we try to comprehend how that dialogue results in some sophisticated works, where the discourse about comics appears as metalanguage. One of that works is the Darwyn Cooke and Dave Stevens s graphic novel DC: The New Frontier, our principal object of analysis in this study.
Avaliação do emprego de técnicas de RMN e IV aliadas a métodos quimiométricos na investigação de autenticidade da droga vegetal comercial quebra-pedra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-06)
Santos, Maiara da Silva
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3652794370160799
The importance of medicinal plants and their use in industrial purposes is increasing. Among the herbal drugs being commercialized there are "quebra-pedras". According to the the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, the recognized officially species as medicinal plants having the attributed pharmacological properties to "quebra-pedras" are: Phyllanthus niruri and Phyllanthus tenellus. Other species of this genus, such as P. urinaria, P. amarus and P. caroliniensis, are also known. Usually, due to their morphoanatomyc similarities, the different species end up consumed without any discretion. In this context, this study evaluated the use of spectroscopic techniques, such as IR, 1H HR-MAS NMR and aqueous and ethanolic 1H NMR extracts, combined with chemometrics analyses, for inquiry commercial samples of "quebra-pedras". Through PCA and HCA analyses obtained from the data of these techniques, the taxonomic distinction among the studied Phyllanthus species (P. niruri, P. tenellus, P. amarus, P. urinary and P. caroliniensis) was successfully reached. Among the techniques evaluated, the 1H NMR extracts was the most appropriate for presenting greater reproducibility and have enabled, through analysis of their spectra, their additional experiments and comparisons with literature data, the identification of some primary metabolites (Lvaline, L-alanine, L-threonine, acid-4-aminebutanoic, D-sucrose, α- and β-Dglucose) in aqueous extracts and the compound phyllantin in the ethanolic extract. All seventeen built models using the KNN, SIMCA and PLS-DA methods had a good reliability. Working with a limited number of pattern samples (five, one of each specie) the classifications were different in some cases, but most of them showed that probably many of the commercial samples were not belonging to any of the studied Phyllanthus species, or to mixtures of them. However, the study of aqueous 1H NMR extracts, recorded to a higher number of patter plants, showed a great and a large variability data set, such as seasonal and regional factors, which are fundamental to building the models. The importance of the aromatic range in the aqueous extracts analyses was also examined. The signs in this range, although minority, are derived from secondary metabolites, and these are essential in the plants differentiation. In this context, considering the most representative classifications obtained from the aromatic range for the aqueous 1H NMR extracts, it is possible to concluded that 75% of analyzed commercial samples are P. tenellus, although in their labels were described as P. niruri. Also it was concluded that the evaluated spectroscopic techniques have a great potential in the investigation of complex matrices such as herbal drugs studied and the aqueous 1H NMR extracts has been the best results of them. It is important to mention that a representative data set is essential to the success of the employment of classification methods.
Complexos de Cromo(III)-salen como catalisadores em reações de oxidação de sulfetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-06)
Aranha, Pedro Esteves
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Dockal, Edward Ralph
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4014788760889813
Transition metal complexes participate in many chemical processes. The study of these complexes is very interesting because of the diversified chemistry and great utility. Transition metal complexes act as catalysts in various homogenous and heterogeneous systems. The catalytic activity of these complexes is due to the presence of only one active metallic site for the catalytic reaction. Thus this type of reaction can be advantageous due to the elevated selectivity of the metal center. The new catalysts were characterized by melting point, elemental microanalyses, infrared and visible-ultraviolet spectra, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility and mass spectra. The catalytic reaction of phenyl methyl sulfide to phenyl methyl sulfoxide and/or phenyl methyl sulfone was carried out in flasks, under agitation and temperature control, the progress of the reaction was monitored by gas chromatography. The catalytic results for reactions of oxidation of sulfide presented yields above 48% with PhIO as oxidant. Twelve catalysts were tested where four of them oxidizes successfully phenyl methyl sulfide into phenyl methyl sulfoxide. Specially the complex [Cr(3,5-Isalen)(H2O)2]Cl that yields 98.2% in this reaction. Another complexes tested had good results in the first hours of reaction but led to formation of sulfone after some time of reaction. It was observed that complexes containing only electron donor substituents groups para to hydroxyl of phenolic ring and complexes with esteric substituents groups ortho and para to hydroxyl of phenolic ring presented more selectivity as catalyst for the reaction of oxidation of sulfide.
Violência em escolas com características de risco contrastantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-09)
Pereira, Ana Carina Stelko
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4721496386444127
The school context was pointed out as favorable in regards to violence prevention efforts. However, Brazilian studies revealed the existence of violence in the schools, in spite of the absence of valid instruments, and most studies without strict scientific methods. In addiction, these studies did not evaluate different violence risk schools, and few investigated its contributing factors. The present study encompasses two parts. Study 1 had as objectives: (a) to develop and conduct the apparent validity of an instrument to assess school violence, and (b) to develop and perform a pilot test of an instrument aimed at assessing school employees` perception about how a school violence prevention program should be. Study 2 characterized the violence experienced in three schools with diverse risk indicators, according to multiple informants, as well as the perception of the staff about school violence prevention, using the instruments developed in Study 1. Participants involved 706 students, from grades 5-8th, 88 employees of three public schools of Curitiba (Southern Brazil) and six researchers in the area of violence. The instruments were efficient and had good acceptance by the participants. Violence rates in the schools were high regardless of the risk that they were exposed to. Antecedents to aggressive behaviors were examined (i.e. to students victims the most frequent motive for aggressions was violent play). It was also shown that the most common modality of violent behaviors, according to victimized students, was name calling. Consequences to aggressive behaviors by students were also indentified, and the most frequent alternative in this regard was nothing happened . In general, students pointed out that the higher risk school did not differentiate from the intermediate risk school or from the minor risk school, although the minor risk school was more associated with violence than the intermediate risk school. According to staff, the higher risk school was more violent, followed by the intermediate school. The higher risk school was more associated with substance abuse by students, the existence of gangs, drug dealing, and possession of weapons. Staff considered relevant to prevent violence in the schools, but only the higher risk school employees declared it to be more important than other objectives. Psychologists and police officers, followed by parents, were the most frequent sources indentified in terms of involvement with school violence prevention programs. In conclusion, the present study was able to characterize how school violence presents itself, and to investigate contributing variables to the problem. Nevertheless, it is important to replicate the study, and to perform other steps in terms of validation of the instrument, as well as covering the aspects needed for intervention studies, in accordance with the literature.
A prática social da convivência escolar entre estudantes deficientes visuais e seus docentes: o estreito caminho em direção à inclusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-09)
Costa, Vanderlei Balbino da
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Gonçalves Junior, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9675106511430204
This piece of research entitled Social Practise in School Cohabit Between Blind Students And Their Teachers: The Narrow Path Towards Inclusion is the result of a work carried on between the years 2007 and 2008 in public primary schools from São Carlos, São Paulo State. In this study we found out that during decades people with disabilities have been marginalised, excluded and segregated. Thus, in this process there was no respect towards the other, the different one, the disabled. The reason for this study is that at school people with disabilities should be seen, considered, respected. In this work we sought to understand how the process of educational inclusion of regularly registered disabled students has been given in elementary and high schools of this municipality. In this scope our guiding questioning in this study was: What are the educational processes experienced by blind students in the social practise of school coexistence during compulsory education, especially in the dealings between teachers and students? The objectives of this study were: to comprehend the educational processes products of the social practise of school coexistence especially in the dealings between blind students and their teachers, particularly whether their teachers have contributed in a way that they might consider themselves as included students in the regular school teaching; and to investigate how the process of inclusion of blind students to the school regular teaching, where lessons are taught to students considered normal , has been carried out. Our methodological option in this study came to be qualitative research based on the philosophical principles of Phenomenology, which targets observation, comprehensive description of the experiences lived during the three months with the blind students and the dialogue relations between these individuals as well as with these individuals through participating observation. The proceedings were: getting close to the schools and surroundings; coexisting with these blind subjects in different educational contexts as well as in-classroom observation. Theoretical references are centred in the works of Dussel, Freire, Fiori, Brandão, among others, which made it possible for us to understand a little bit more about school education. We also made use of references which include the theme Inclusion, especially those referring to people with disabilities in the regular teaching. Finally for the Building of the Results there have been used the observations made in three of the schools of compulsory teaching, the data been systematically registered in field notes, as well as interviews with six blind students regularly registered in the schools observed. Results produced by this research led us to the conclusion that the process of Inclusion has been still carried out only in part, for we perceived the need for teacher formation, acquisition of didactic-pedagogical resources as well as adaptation of the school infrastructure to effectively receive the coming and staying of blind students to schools of São Carlos /SP.