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Habilidades sociais acadêmicas de crianças com baixo e alto desempenho acadêmico na interação com o professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-13) Fumo, Vivian Maria Stabile; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6947148117600264
Identifying the features related to the quality of teacher-student interaction and to the set of teacher and student s social skills is a key aspect for a more accurate understanding of learning difficulties. Studies show qualitative differences in the pattern of social interactions established by children with low and high academic performance with their teachers. However, due to small numbers of participants, those results might not be generalized. The main goal of this study was to identify behavioral patterns of students with low and high academic performance in the social interaction with the teacher, from academic social skills classes, investigating how the likely qualitative differences in patterns of interaction was an extended sample of participants. 41 students with low academic performance (GSLAP) and 44 students with high academic performance (GSHAP) from first to fourth grades, attending to Public Elementary Schools, participated in this research. It was performed shootings of the classroom environment to collect the data about behavioral patterns of students in the social interaction with the teacher. Children´s pattern of social skills were evaluated by the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) in the version of self-assessment and evaluation by the teacher. The shootings were analyzed through observations of the academic social skills classes. The SSRS-BR s results were analyzed according to criteria established by instrument. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Concerning to academic social skills, main results were: (a) there were differences between academic social skills classes show more frequently by GSLAP and by GSHAP; (b) a few number of academic social skills classes shown statistically significant differences about gender and academic subject; (c) no academic social skills classes shown statistically significant differences about grade. The main results about social skills were: (a) GSHAP obtained mean performance in the selfassessment and in the evaluation by the teacher; (b) GSLAP obtained mean performance in the self-assessment and obtained lower than the mean performance in the evaluation by the teacher; (c) in the self-assessment and in the evaluation by the teacher there were not statistically significant differences about grade in the GSLAP and in the GSHAP; (d) there were statistically significant differences about gender in some SSRS-BR s scores in the GSLAP and in the GSHAP. Results show a difference between the behavioral patterns of students with low and high academic performance in the interaction with the teacher, and differences between the patterns of social skills of these two groups. Though these differences might not be stated as critical to their academic difficulties, they certainly might not be ignored as a condition that aggravates the possibilities of development of students in the school.
Uso de armadilhas Malaise como estratégia de avaliação de bioindicadores em agroecossistemas : diversidade e guildas de Braconidae em diferentes mosaicos vegetacionais da Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa), São Carlos, SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-13) Pereira, Aline Garcia; Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8918929351920606
This work aimed to study the composition and distribution of the fauna of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) in three ecosystems of Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa, Sao Carlos, Brazil), analyse the bioindicator potential of that group and its possible use by farmers in order to contribute for the use of a more sustainable agroecosystems. The specimens were captured by three Malaise traps installed respectively in a agrosilvipastoril system, atlantic forest and reforestation area (ecological corridor) from January to July of 2008. A total of 566 Braconidae specimens were collected distributed in 21 subfamilies and 57 genera. In the agrosilvipastoril area Earinus and Digonogastra were the most abundant; Dolichozele the was the more abundant in the area of reforestation and Apanteles in the atlantic forest .The agrosilvipastoril system showed the greatest richness of genera and in the atlantic forest was obtained a greater number of genera exclusive. The reforestation and agrosilvipastoril system showed high similarity, although this last had great human influence, resulting from the deployment of pasture. The reforestation is characterized by having characteristic vegetation considered as an ecological corridor, next to a place before occupied by degraded pasture. The atlantic forest is different from the others with good conditions to recovery of the original species. The improving conditions for regeneration, possibly harbors a rich fauna of insect hosts. The results indicate that in the three environments it was not reached the stage of asymptotic curves of accumulation, indicating the need of a longer period of sampling for a more precise knowledge of local fauna of Braconidae. In all environments there was a higher incidence of koinobiont endoparasitoids, which are specialists and therefore considered good bioindicators of the environmental quality.
Tubos atomizadores de titânio em espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno tubular na chama e aerossol térmico (TS-FF-AAS) para a determinação de cobre em materiais biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-13) Gomes, Marcos da Silva; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6690089613051332
In this work it was used Ti atomizers tubes employing TS-FF-AAS system to improve the analytical performance of FAAS. The TS-FF-AAS was applied for Cu determination in food and biological samples. The Ti tubes were used as an alternative of the Ni tubes. It was evaluated different arrangements of Ti tubes, as well as tubes combining Ni and Ti (Ni/Ti) inserting Ti tube inside Ni tubes. A 24 factorial design was performed in order to evaluate the influence of several variables in the system. The best results were achieved using a 300 L sample loop, 5 mm tube height, 0.4 mL min-1 carrier flow rate, and 70 mm Ti tube length. Tube length was the most important variable, presenting a positive effect of 30%. This high sensitivity is related to the formation of TiO2 (confirmed by microanalysis and X-ray difractometry) inside the Ti tube (gain of 45% mass in comparisson of inicial mass), improving the Cu atomization through the oxide via. The detection limit obtained was 2 µg L-1 . Gaseous phase temperatures of Ni, Ti, and Ni/Ti tubes were estimate using a Sn 150 mg L-1 solution in order to explain differences in sensitivity. The estimated temperatures for the tubes (Ni, Ti and Ni/Ti) were in the same magnitude, suggesting that the temperature in the gaseous phase is not the reason for high sensitivity using Ni/Ti tubes. Cu 500 µg L-1 signal was measured in the presence of Ca, K, Mg and Na using a 24 factorial design. According to the probability graphic a 10 % increase in the Cu signal was observed only when Mg was present and K presence decrease the Cu signal. The behaviors of the Ni and Ni/Ti atomizers tubes were similar in the concomitants presence. The method accuracy was confirmed using certified references materials (CRM’s). The samples were digested by microwave-assistence and the recoveries values ranged from 91 to 107%. The unpared t test did not show statistic difference between certified and found values, into the confidence level of 95%.
Crises das Idades - os entraves nas práticas docentes e as implicações no desenvolvimento da criança : uma leitura a partir de Vygotski
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-13) Caram, Adriana Maria; Mello, Maria Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4559864153670454
The proposal of the present work is based on a deeper theoretical analysis of the studies by Vygotsky concerning the Age Crisis, dealt it in volume IV of his works. The manifestation of crises has always been seen as a deviation of standard norms or as a disease in preschool institutions and by some psychologists. This research has attempted to discuss another perspective in the analysis of the Age Crisis, understood by Vygotsky as being turning points in the development of a child, characterized by sudden, impetuous changes, as if they were revolutionary acts, both because of the rhythm of change and their meaning. The research question that guided our work was: How do preschool educators perceive and deal with the moments of crises in the development of children? The three objectives are: analyzing how the teachers perceive the moments of crises in the development of children; identifying and analyzing possible moments of crises among the children and researching and analyzing the attitudes taken by the teachers to solve the possible development crises in children. Data collection was carried out at a crèche in a public university in the state of São Paulo. The research method was based on Vygotsky s Historical-Cultural Theory. The results were analyzed in two different ways: The teachers perception concerning the Age Crisis in Preschool Education and its manifestation in children and The teachers and their interventions in the moments of crises. Such analyses indicate that the teachers notice the crises manifestations that occur in the development of the child. However, there seems to be a gap in their training that prevent them from perceiving such crises in a positive way, which is necessary for a new psychological organization of the child s personality. Finally, the way educators act has to be re-thought so that it is possible to adopt a reflexive pedagogical practice, based on the Historical-Cultural Theory, which understands the child as a concrete subject who participates and makes history happen.