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A estrutura de metas de sala de aula e a motivação de alunos para aprender
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-17) Marques, Juliana Pelinsom; Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3102126657724408
The study evaluates the motivation of students from elementary school on the basis of the achievement goals adopted and the classroom goal structure from the students perceptions and teachers descriptions of educational practices. The participants were 106 students from seventh and eighth grade (brazilian educational system), a Spanish Language, an Arts and a Health and Life Quality teachers. The students personal goals were evaluated by the Scale of Evaluation of the Motivation to Learning. The educational practices were described from the Scale of the Classroom Goal Structure filled by the students and from the answers provided by the teachers in an interview. The percentages of the students from the classes 1, 2, 3 and 4, who adopted adaptive patterns of achievement goal were, respectively, 19,2%, 36,0%, 29,4% e 20,0%; the percentages of students who adopted non-adaptive patterns were 46,2%, 44,0%, 52,9% e 45,0%. The students from Class 1 agreed partially that the tasks given by the teachers were motivating and the evaluation by the domain; students from other classes partially disagreed. The teachers described the use of diversified activities and the evaluation based on different procedures. It is concluded that the educational practices, even if they present some positive aspects, do not have the basic characteristics of the practices associated with the promotion of motivation to learn. It is discussed the contributions of the Achievement Goal Theory for the understanding of the motivation at school.
Prevalência de diabetes mellitus e tolerância à glicose diminuída na população urbana de 30 a 79 anos da cidade de São Carlos (São Paulo)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-17) Bosi, Paula Lima; Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5413341184070393
Objective: To assess the prevalence of diabetes (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the urban population aged 30-79 years of the city of São Carlos (SP), Brazil. Methods: It was performed a cross-sectional population survey, from August 2007 to June 2008. Subjects were first screened by fasting capillary glucose. Non diabetic individuals were administered a 75g oral glucose tolerance test and classified as diabetic, glucose intolerant or nondiabetic according to World Health Organization recommendations. Results: 1116 individuals participated, 65% female and 35% male. The overall rates of DM and IGT were 13,5% and 5%, respectively. DM and IGT were associated with age, education and obesity. However they were not associated with gender, race or income. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM has increased when compared with previous studies in Brazil and in the state, thus confirming the national and world expectations.
Diagnóstico ambiental urbano da cidade de Novo Airão - Amazonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-17) Moura, Sarita de; Lorandi, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5800422124723233
Most of Brazil s municipalities are suffering environmental impacts. This situation is worse when we talk about small towns, where the framework for environmental policies is still precarious. In this ambit, when it comes to the urban planning of cities in the Brazilian Amazon, the situation is different, because the cities in the country s northern region usually grow along rivers, which complicates territorial development and therefore urban environmental planning. The objective of this research is to draw up an urban environmental diagnosis for the city of Novo Airão (AM) to support its land-use policies for urban expansion. This work addressed issues involving urban infrastructure and environmental sanitation, the quality of water supplied to the population, solid waste, rainwater runoff, areas vulnerable to natural risks, areas at risk of contamination (cemeteries, port, gas station), etc. Similarly to the situation of numerous other Brazilian cities, Novo Airão presented several irregularities, such as lack of sanitation in most of the city, contamination of several groundwater wells that supply the population, location of homes in areas of permanent preservation, and lack of paved streets in much of the city, among other problems.
Estrutura da comunidade de invertebrados aquáticos em arrozais do Rio Grande do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-17) Stenert, Cristina; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4748567921159572
Wetlands are prioritary ecosystems for conservation due to their vast biological diversity and productivity, besides their many functions and value. In southern Brazil conservative data show that about 90% of the original wetlands are already destroyed due to agricultural expansion, mainly the irrigated rice fields. On the other hand, rice is the most important cereal grown in developing countries, being the main food source for more than half of the world population. Also, a high diversity of plants and animals has been found in these agricultural areas. The main goal of this study was to assess the structure and diversity of macroinvertebrates in rice fields and irrigation canals over the different hydrological phases of the cultivation cycle in an important rice cultivation area in Rio Grande do Sul to preserve the biota in these agroecosystems. Six collections were carried out along a cultivation cycle (June 2005 June 2006) in six rice fields and four irrigation canals in the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul. Quantitative samples of macroinvertebrates were obtained with a corer inserted 10 cm deep into the sediment, and also qualitative samples with a kick net.The main results obtained were: a total of 26,579 individuals assigned into 119 invertebrate taxa were collected in rice fields and irrigation canals; the maintenance of the dry fields and the flooded fields in the fallow phase favors the setting of a greater amount of macroinvertebrate taxa in the agricultural landscape; the irrigated rice fields can store and keep egg banks and other resistance structures of aquatic invertebrates viable along their cultivation cycle, and the irrigation canals work as habitats for the aquatic invertebrate community, thus assisting to keep the aquatic diversity in these agricultural areas. These results can be used in management plans which aim at reconciling agricultural production and biodiversity conservation in Rio Grande do Sul.
Utilização da RMN aliada a métodos quimiométricos na análise de méis e aguardentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-17) Boffo, Elisangela Fabiana; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3011157419125842
Apiculture has been increasing a lot in the last years in Brazil, which already is one of the greatest exporters of honey. Productive chain of aguardentes has also risen, and both products are considerably important in Brazilian agribusiness. Therefore, the quality control of these products is essential. The present work describes the use of SNIF-NMR technique and chemometric methods applied to 1H NMR data aiming to evaluate chemical differences that are related to samples authenticity. Using SNIFNMR technique, it was observed that the isotopic ratio of the methyl group from ethanol (2H/1H)I is related to the biosynthetic origin of carbohydrates produced by plants (C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms used to CO2 fixation). In honeys analysis, was observed a good discrimination between those produced by C3 plants (eucalyptus, citrus, assa-peixe, Jataí and wildflowers) and those from C4 plants (sugarcane). C3 plants showed (2H/1H)I values near 100 ppm (parts per million) and from C4 plants showed higher values, in approximately 12 ppm. Some commercial samples presented (2H/1H)I values near those determined for sugarcane honeys. In aguardentes analysis, a discrimination of approximately 12 ppm between those from C3 (grape, banana and cassava) and C4 (sugarcane and maize) plants was also observed. Aguardentes from CAM plants (pineapple) showed intermediate values. (2H/1H)I data of honey aguardentes were similar to those of C3 plants. For banana, peach, coconut and pineapple commercial samples (from C3 plants), (2H/1H)I values were similar to those of sugarcane aguardentes. Chemometrics applied to 1H NMR spectra data allowed the discrimination among honeys from eucalyptus, citrus and wildflowers, which were produced in São Paulo state. Moreover, honeys, which showed anomalous behaviour, were discriminated due to citric acid and HMF presence. KNN, SIMCA and PLS-DA methods were suitable for classification of commercial honeys from this state. Honeys from different Brazilian regions could not be discriminated since they showed very similar characteristics. However, adulterated and different types of honeys were discriminated. PCA and HCA analyses applied to 1H NMR spectra of aguardentes allowed to discriminate the different types of such samples. Sugarcane with lemon aguardentes and cassava aguardentes were distinguished. Adulterated aguardentes from banana, peach, coconut and pineapple showed 1H NMR spectra quite similar, what suggested that they were made from the same raw material.
Caracterização molecular de biopolímeros em solução utilizando simulação computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-17) Franca, Eduardo de Faria; Freitas, Luiz Carlos Gomide; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3461414255262928; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9096097972613963
Computer simulation methods were used to characterize the structure and molecular properties of natural and synthetic biopolymers in aqueous solution. The polysaccharides chitin and chitosan, and aliphatic polypeptides were studied. The interest on the chitin and chitosan biopolymers is because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and potential use as pharmaceutical and technological product. Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to characterize the structure and the solubility of the chitins and chitosans in aqueous solution. The simulated systems were composed by solvated chains, and nanoparticles composed by chains packed in a parallel and anti-parallel fashion, with different percentage and distribution of acetyl groups. The 100% acetylated chitin, whether isolated or in the form of α/β-chitin, adopt the 2-fold helix conformation with φ and ψ values similar to those on crystalline state. The ionic strength affects the kinetics, but not the conformational equilibrium. In solution, the intramolecular hydrogen bond HO3(n)···O5(n+1) responsible for the 2-fold helical motif is stabilized by hydrogen bonding to water molecules in a well-defined orientation. On the other hand, chitosan with small percentage and random distribution of acetil groups can adopt five distinct helical motifs and its conformational equilibrium is highly dependent on pH. The hydrogen bond pattern and solvation around the O3 atom of insoluble chitosan (basic pH) are nearly identical to those quantities in chitin. Chitin and chitosan nanoparticles with block distribution of acetyl groups favor the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in more stable aggregates. The water mobility and orientation around polysaccharide chain (highly affected by electrostatic forces) is responsible for the aggregation and solubility of the chitin and chitosan biopolymers. Moreover, a sequential QM/MM methodology is used to study the α-helix stability of aliphatic polypeptides in water solution. The understanding of the folding process is one of the greatest challenges of biophysics, and the first step is the understanding of the formation and stabilization of the secondary structure of a polypeptide. The calculated heat of formation and free energy of solvation showed that the size of side chain is directly related to the α-helix stability. The results suggest that the helix-coil transition of a polypeptide is governed by the equilibrium between the energy used in the folding process and the energy released in the solvation process, showing the solvent effect on α-helix stabilization. The validation of the sequential QM/MM methodology showed that this method is suitable to study the helix-coil transition of polypeptides in solution. The methodology is therefore useful to study solvation effects on the properties of compounds with many conformational degrees of freedom.