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Modelos de programação matemática para problemas de carregamento de caixas dentro de contêineres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-26)
Junqueira, Leonardo
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2179657609596194
The object of this study is a particular case of the cutting and packing problems, known as container loading problems. These problems consist in arranging rectangular boxes orthogonally into containers (or into trucks, railcars and pallets), in order to optimize an objective function, for example, maximize the utilization of the available space, or minimize the number of the required containers to load all the available items. The objective of this study is to develop mathematical programming models to deal with situations commonly found in container loading practice. Multiple orientations of the boxes, weight limit of the container, cargo stability, load bearing strength of the boxes and multiple destinations of the cargo are considered. The author is not aware of mathematical formulations available in the cutting and packing literature that deal with such considerations, and this paper intends to contribute with possible formulations that describe these situations, although not very realistic for being used in practice. Computational experiments with the proposed models are performed with the software AMS/CPLEX and randomly generated instances extracted from the cutting and packing literature. The results show that the models are consistent and properly represent the practical situations treated, although this approach (in its current version) is limited to solve to optimality only medium-sized problems. However, we believe that the proposed models can be useful to motivate future research exploring decomposition methods, relaxations, heuristics, among others, to solve the present problems.
Simulações por dinâmica molecular de compostos do tipo ABO3 (SrTiO3 e CaTiO3)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-26)
Souza, James Alves de
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Rino, José Pedro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801067322823031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
Using the classical molecular dynamics simulations, Perovskites systems composed by oxides (ABO3), in particular SrTiO3 and CaTiO3, were performed. The titanates are easily prepared as polycrystalline ceramics; chemically and mechanically stable they can be characterized in various temperature and pressure conditions. These provide us reliable experimental results for construction and consolidation of theoretical models. Another important fact is that these materials have wide variety of technological applications and many important properties as well as the phase transitions arising from the effect of temperature and pressure. That can be explored to understand the interactions among its constituents. The effective interatomic potential used has the same functional form of the potential proposed by Vashishta and Rahman and it s composed by the sum of terms Coulomb interaction, van der Waals, esthereometric and dipole-induced. The system was treated in (N, V, E) and (N, P, H) ensembles to verify the influence of temperature and pressure application on structural and dynamics properties of perovskites. The method used allowed us to describe various properties such as thermal expansion coefficient, angles distribution, coordination number, elastic properties, pair distribution function, density of vibrational states, Debye-Waller factor and so on. The phase transitions of systems were explored showing fantastic results.
Análise dos direcionadores de competitividade para a cadeia produtiva de biodiesel: o caso da mamona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-26)
César, Aldara da Silva
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Batalha, Mario Otávio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7269278746075136
Biodiesel has been receiving great attention in Brazil. A federal program called National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) and its corresponding legislation have created a huge demand for biodiesel. Furthermore, the PNPB began to stimulate not only its production from various types of oil but also its social inclusion. For this reason, this federal program established a set of policies aiming to include family farmers in the biodiesel production process in a sustainable way. Despite the real and potential growth of the Brazilian biodiesel market, it is surrounded by many uncertainties, especially with regard to its sustainability and economic viability in long term. The PNPB is strongly based on social development through the inclusion of family farmers in projects integrated with biodiesel plants. Among the various oilseeds, castor bean was identified as the ideal one to promote social development in the northeast. However, although promising, the mechanisms of the federal program are still insufficient to promote effective participation of family farmers, which are in the margin of this segment. The castor oil is considered a noble product. It is more expensive than many types of oil in the international market, which makes its use as fuel impracticable. Moreover, it is difficult to make the castor biodiesel technology follow the standards required by the National Petrol Agency. Considering these aspects, there has been some tendency of biodiesel plants - which continue to foster productive systems with castor oil to act as an intermediary in the ricino oil productive chain. Many efforts have been directed to enhance the agreements between producers and biodiesel plants. However, research shows that companies are facing huge problems in implementing contracts with family farmers. This dissertation intends to advance in the identification and the discussion of these obstacles, in order to increase the competitiveness of the biodiesel agribusiness chain, based on castor oil projects in Brazil. This dissertation describes and analyzes the functioning dynamics of this agroproduction chain, identifying the stakeholders who participate directly and indirectly of this chain. A competitiveness analysis model is proposed for the biodiesel production chain, and it is used to assess the competitiveness of agribusiness chain, mainly considering the bonds between industrial and agricultural production.
Economia solidária e aprendizagem dialógica : práticas de participação e autogestão e necessidade de uma outra EJA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-26)
Pereira, Kelci Anne
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Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2206007189343788
In this research we seek to investigate the development practice done by Unesp Development Center among settled people of Grupo Viverde de Agroecologia in order to form a community venture (EES). The development process has been done since January 2008, at Terra Nossa Settlement, located between the cities of Bauru and Pederneiras, state of Sao Paulo. It is connected to the Domestic Farming Federation (FAF) which was founded to promote a better life to its participants and to generate earnings through work done in the settled land. In the present time it involves twelve families from the settlement, those who produce food in agroecological transition in their lots. The families have weekly meetings to sell the products in baskets and to determine ways of development by acquiring different habilities and skills to set a community venture. In this context the research segmented two main concepts. The first concept is the mutual economy, for embracing the extended development as an educative and political process, for configuring itself as a wide range of work practices based on solidariety and on the self management; also by having the purpose of ensuring an amplified reproduction of life by overcoming the capitalist relations. The second concept is the dialogical learing, for allowing a deeper insight of the development process as it establishes itself in the center of the theories of Freire s dialogicity and Habermas communicative action, conceiving that everyone can dialog and communicate, educating themselves in the interactions in order to accept themselves as subjects and producing personal changes thus overcoming social differences. Hence, the dialogical learning gives evidences to cultural intelligence which is important to the fair dialog that connects to the instrumental dimension and then promoting solidariety, creating sense and the struggle for social equality regarding the social differences. Consistently with the theoretical focus, the chosen research methodology is the critical-communicative whose strictness is reached by the intersubjective dialog between researcher and subjects, among intertwined theoretical understandings with those risen from life. The required dialogic and shifting posture claims that the subjects take part from the point of defining the research queries to the data analysis. As a result, along with the four subjects from the Grupo Viverde who worked with us during the research (two women and two men), we determined to answer the question which factors are obstacles and which ones are shifting factors in order to start up an agro-ecological community venture from the development process focusing the self management and group participation? . The dialogically reached results gave evidence that there are many shifting factors in the developing process such as the overestimation of cultural intelligence, the gain of self esteem for settled people and the agro-ecology expansion in the settlement. As a contrast, there were obstacles since some subjects focused more on capitalizing and the lack of expertise by others derived from the biased schooling model promoted by EJA, which is incompatible to adults intelligence and educational and professional needs. To think about overcoming this obstacle, we aspire an EJA based on the dialogical learning. This way, we intend to contribute to the educational insight in this development process and others as well.
A qualidade do relacionamento conjugal e o desempenho social de crianças pequenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-26)
Machado, Fabiana Rocha
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5238757469332055
The scientific literature indicates that certain family characteristics can act as risk factors for children s social development, such as low income and low educational attainment levels, adolescent pregnancy, social isolation, parents who are highly stressed, single-parent families, a parent with a psychiatric disorder (including depression), parents with a criminal history, a history of drug abuse, or a high-conflict spousal relationship. More detailed information about some of these factors is lacking, particularly with respect to the Brazilian context, as in the case of spousal conflicts. Such information is essential to permit the construction of preventive programs that could reduce risk factors for infant social development, in Brazil. Risk factors can contribute to the development of problem behaviors among children and, as a result, interfere in their social relationships, as well as contributing to other difficulties such as learning problems, depression, anxiety and other psychological conditions. For this reason, the identification and prevention of risk factors that can harm human development is one of the research areas of the Special Education Graduate Program at the Federal University of São Carlos (Brazil). Although the number of Special Education prevention programs has increased significantly, especially in the United States, there are few prevention programs in this area, in Brazil, resulting in a situation in which professionals face the difficult task of remediating long-term problems. Considering the paucity of Brazilian studies that aim to verify the impacts of conflicts in the spousal relationship on infant social development, particularly among very young infants, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between personal parent-characteristics, characteristics of the spousal relationship and the social performance of their child, between one and two years of age. Given the exploratory nature of this study, a non-experimental design was used. Participants included 27 couples and their target child, who was between 15 and 26 months of age and who attended a daycare center in the city of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. The parents completed an instrument to evaluate their socioeconomic situation, a Marital Social Skills Inventory, a Description of Conflict Situations, and Lipp s Adult Stress Symptoms Inventory. The Operationalized Portage Inventory was used to evaluate the children s social performance. Although there was a certain amount of variability in the participants responses, the correlations between the parents personal characteristics and their child s social performance were non-significant. With respect to the parents marital social skills, in this sample, there was a significant negative correlation between the frequency with which the parents reported that they stomped out of the room, and the child s social performance (r = - 0.48, p < 0.05). Using the results from this study together with those from other studies about this topic, it should be possible to create programs that can help prevent problems in families with children in this age group, striving to provide them with the means to transform some of the characteristics of their spousal relationship so that they will be protective factors for their child s development.
Fracionamento de zinco em amostras de leite
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-26)
Bossu, Carla Maíra
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2789193033004313
This work studies were aimed at samples preparation and chemical speciation levels zinc in samples of different kind of milk (milk cattle, sheep, goat, and soybean milk base). The proposal aimed to establish the differences in the zinc levels in protein samples, trying to observe the distribution and zinc bioavailability due to treatments such as pasteurization. The samples were digested in a cavity microwave oven and the total Zn, Ca and P levels in extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). An additional study was conducted for protein samples separation in different kinds of milk using the urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (UREA-PAGE) methodology and posterior determination of Zn bound to protein bands. Therefore the protein bands were digested in the cavity microwave oven and the Zn levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The results displayed that Zn is mainly bound to 32 kDa (β-casein) protein in UHT whole milk and to the 24 kDa (α-casein) protein in raw sheep milk. There were not major differences between the Zn-proteins binding at the pasteurization process. After optimization experimental conditions, in vitro simulated gastric digestion was applied to Zn, Ca and P bioaccessibility in the studied samples. The results confirmed the adopted methodology efficiency. Furthermore, the pasteurization process did not affect the total proteins concentration of bovine milk.
Pesquisa-ação sobre as formas de promover um aumento na participação dos funcionários no desenvolvimento e uso do sistema de medição de desempenho de uma empresa de bens de capital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-26)
Leal, João Batista Sobreira
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Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
The purpose of this essay is to investigate ways to promote an increase at the participation of employees in the development and use of the performance measurement system in an industrial goods manufacturer. Along with economical globalization, several performance measurement models begin to appear and companies in general are brought to invest in the search for the model that better fits each one s purpose. The effort is focused in the development, implementation and use of performance measurement systems. Among a number of proposed models, the one that gained more recognition worldwide was BSC. This fact itself does not guarantee the full use of the performance measurement system. Employee s participation and commitment has been an issue that deserves attention from researchers because it is an unquestionable fact that its involvement increases the performance of the individual and improves the motivation of the group. For this research it was chosen the action-research method, due to the fact of it to allow researchers to play an active role in the very reality of observed facts. The research had the support of large bibliographic studies to identify and evaluate influent factors to development and evolution of SMD. During action-research work, questionnaires were applied, interviews were conducted and thoughts were made about the adopted actions and results achieved. As a final result of field research, a better understanding of process change, skill development in the use of SMD, system management and involvement of stakeholders were achieved. Recommendations resultant of this research included managers, quality management staff and executives of the company, the development of employees, the improvement of SMD use, ownership and continuous improvement of the business.
Modelos de séries temporais com coeficientes variando no tempo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-26)
Souza, Leandro Teixeira Lopes de
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Moura, Maria Sílvia de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9410151859448447
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9758799382568880
In this work they are presented extensions of Auto Regressive and Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity models with coefficients varying in time. These coefficients have been used as models for non stationary real time series, specially for financial series. The objective of this work is to present the models and the techniques involved in estimating time-varying coefficients, moreover, it is made an introduction to financial modeling and some suggestions in order to facilitate implementation and use of models with time-varying coefficients. The simulation studies and the application on real data showed that the models have great potential to be exploited in the analysis of non-stationary series. The suggestions in confidence band and forecasting for the Auto regressive models with time-varying coefficients enable the use of models in financial data and other series that show a non-stationary characteristic. The modified algorithm for estimation of ARCH models varying in time was to increase the rate of convergence. The creation of a method for forecasting for ARCH models require a deeper study, although the algorithm has shown promising results in simulation study, giving some evidences that it can be applied in real situation. Finally, the contributions in the creation of functions for a free software that facilitate the use and the analysis of the models studied and the use of the proposed methods.
Desenvolvimento de indicadores da manufatura enxuta utilizando ferramentas de business intelligence : uma aplicação na manufatura de calçados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Escodeiro, José Roberto
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Pereira, Neocles Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
In the past decades companies around the world have implemented their concepts of Lean Manufacture (LM) with their main focus on business. Together with LM s implementation comes the need of continuous improvement as several sources and historical data volume originate from its processing. Whenever those historical data are, for any reason, discarded without generating indicators the oportunity of transforming data into strategic information is missed. Such situation brings about the need of an adequate performance measurement system of LM. Having this constant monitoring need of LM s performance in mind as a strategic mean for a company to achieve competitivity in the market, this paper aims to develop through Information Technology (IT) and the tools of Business Intelligence (BI) a proposal of managing performance indicators of LM present in shoe production, as an alternative to improve decision making. In order to develop this research, an overview of the literature of LM, BI, Information Systems (IS), performance indicators and shoe manufacturing from the basic concept of LM is offered that, on the other hand, has to do with cost reduction and total cut of waste. This study leads to the seven waste groups of LM, which, together with other published works, can guide and focus so as to reach indicators. By setting indicators and pointing strategy, and also collecting data, the next step is modelling and developing data load in dimentional format prepared to use BI s tools as On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP). Finally, the application is tested in a shoe industry with the load of waste indicator for over production. The final result of the research is a series of analyses of waste information for over production as well as the contribution of the proposed method in terms of easiness, flexibility and practical availability in companies.
Identificação de condições eficientes no ensino de discriminações para bebês com até 21 meses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Sousa, Naiara Minto de
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737172054075231
One of the most complex human abilities is the symbolic thought that is related to the acquisition of arbitrary relational repertoires such as conditional discrimination. However, research on the acquisition of these repertoires in babies up to 24 months was hampered by methodological difficulties. The literature has identified some critical variables for the maintenance of these participants in experimental situation and other variables related to the process of learning the tasks by the babies. This research investigated procedures for teaching simple and conditional visual discrimination in infants aged 15 to 21 months. In the first part of the investigation - Study 1 - the tasks proposed to the participants were simple simultaneous discrimination and delayed identity conditional discrimination. Various industrialized toys had different functions as stimulus and were exposed in a motorized apparatus specially built for the study. The first study evaluated the effects of variation of the order and amount of exposure of participants to differential reinforcement contingencies on the performance of babies in simple discrimination tasks. In Study 2, simple simultaneous discrimination tasks, discrimination reversal and delayed arbitrary conditional discrimination tasks have been proposed to the participants in a play context where some photographs of animals were exposed in a bound book of paper card. This study evaluated the effects of the requirement of observational and choice responses similar to those issued in natural situation of free play between adults and babies. The investigation has identified effective conditions of teaching in two aspects - achievement of the learning criteria of discrimination tasks by participants and for their permanence in the experimental situation over the experimental procedures, respectively: 1) the procedure of contact with differential reinforcement contingencies that occurred in more trials and planned the positive reinforcement (S+) to occur in the first trial; 2) the procedure of requirement of observational and choice responses present in the baby repertoire and the experimental arrange of the effective reinforcer stimuli as part of the task (exerting function of reinforcer or sample stimulus). The general discussion stressed the importance of knowledge by researchers from the expected repertoire of participants in a specific age for planning tasks and requiring responses closer form that naturally emitted in babies daily activities. Likewise, researchers must know the individual repertoire of each baby so they can arrange the effective reinforcer stimulus for each participant.
Modificações comportamentais em aranhas orbitelas (Araneae: Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae, Araneidae) atacadas por vespas parasitóides (Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae, Polysphinctini)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Sobczak, Jober Fernando
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1177030761488272
Parasitoid wasps use a wide diversity of arthropods as food for their larvae. Among the koinobiont species, (those whose development of the parasitoid does not interrupt the normal activities of the host), there is a group of wasps that it uses exclusively spiders as host. In the group, Polysphincta (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae), some species are able to alter the behaviour of their hosts just before of pupation. These behavioral modifications, that may promote an increasing in the survival probability of the parasitoids, are rare in this type of interaction. In this work, which was divided in three chapters, new cases of behavioral manipulation of hosts are described and one of them, the interaction between the spider Nephila clavipes (Nephilidae) and the wasp Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Ichneumonidae) is analyzed in details. In the first chapter we described two new species of wasps of the genus Hymenoepimecis that attack spiders building of orbicular webs. The first species described, Hymenoepimecis n. sp. 1., parasite females of Leucauge roseosignata, inducing a behavior in the spider that resulted in the construction of a modified web. The modified web of this host is composed of only three reinforced threads. The cocoon remains fixed in in the center of this web by a suspended thread. In the second described species, Hymenoepimecis n. sp. 2., parasitoid of females of Manogea porracea, we did not observe a modification in the normal web architecture. Nevertheless, we observed that the cocoon of the parasitoid occupies a distinct position in the web. In this case, it is possible that the parasitoid could induce the replacement of the host for another highly protected site within the web In the second chapter, we analyzed the interaction between Hymenoepimecis bicolor and Nephila clavipes, and observed that there is a modification in the architecture of the web at a specific moment of larval development. The larva induces the spider to build a modified xiii web in the last three days that precede its death. This modification of the web construction behavior and consequently the change in his architecture, possibly is promoted by the inoculation of some substance in the host. The modified web is composed of only a few radii and spires, surrounded by a complex structure of barrier threads. The barrier probably confers additional protection for the cocoon. In this chapter we also tested whether the modifications in the web could be the result of poor nutritional condition, promoted by the continuous exploration of the host by the parasitoid larva. We conducted an experiment of food deprivation that showed that, even after 21 days without food, unparasitized spiders keep building webs with a normal number of radii and spirals. In the third chapter we described the male of Hymenoepimecis bicolor and investigated the influence of web aggregations and host body size in the susceptibility of females of N. clavipes to H. bicolor. We did not observe an influence of the number of spiders in the aggregations in the probability of parasitism. The body size of the spider, on the other hand, was a very important factor in the determination of the risks of parasitism. Spiders with small body size were more susceptible to attacks than large spiders. In this chapter we also describes the attacking behavior of the parasitoid from host the immobilization to oviposition. The oviposition behavior begins with a short recognition flight around the web. After checking the spider position, the parasitoid darted a straight attack to the centre of the web, reaching the host straightly and paralyzing the spider with the introduction of the ovipositor in its mouth. After immobilizing the host the parasitoid inspects the abdomen, possibly searching for another larva or egg before begin the oviposition. The spider recovers the movements soon after the oviposition and continues its normal activities, capturing prey and constructing normal webs, until three days before the larva reach the third instar.
Influência de diferentes materiais suporte na produção de hidrogênio em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Barros, Aruana Rocha
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Silva, Edson Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9270383646400992
Hydrogen is a clean and renewable source of energy and it is considered the "fuel of the future", because it produces only water during combustion and when it is used as fuel and hydrogen has a high energy yield of 122 kJ/g, which is 2.75 times greater than hydrocarbon fuels. The hydrogen production using microorganisms is a promising area of technological development from a wide variety of renewable and a alternative for this production is to use the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), a promising reactor for hydrogen production. One of the factors that most influence the performance of AFBR is the support material, which should provide resistance to abrasion, porous surface conducive to colonization by microorganisms, easy fluidization to reach and ability to facilitate the transfer of mass between the middle and biofilm. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different support materials (polystyrene - R1, ground tire - R2 and PET - R3) for the hydrogen production, using three AFBR. Each reactor had a total volume of 4192 cm3, which was used as carbon source 4000 mg.L-1 of glucose, with pH influent around 7.0 and pH effluent of around 5.5, with hydraulic retention time (HRT) between 8 and 0.5 h, with temperature of 30 o C } 1, with heat treatment of the inoculum. The best performance was R2, giving better hydrogen yield production (HY) (2.15 mol-H2.mol-1-glucose), best H2 content in the biogas (52.97%) and showed a higher glucose conversion (90%). However, the R3 was better in the hydrogen production rate (HPR), 1.07 lh-1.L-1, a secondary parameter in the analysis of performance of the reactors. In all reactors, the production volume of hydrogen and H2 content in biogas increased with the reduction of the TDH, 8 pm to 1 HEO yield of hydrogen production increased with the reduction of the TDH, 8 h for 2 h. The major soluble metabolites during H2 fermentation were acetic acid (HAc), butyric acid (HBu), lactic acid (HLa) and ethanol (EtOH), and a small production of propionic acid and R2 was the reactor that more produced HAc and HBu (42.0% e 36.5%, respectively) . The better performance of R2 can be explained by the roughness of ground tire is larger than the other materials used, accumulating a large quantity of attached biomass, and a greater quantity of bacteria hydrogen producing. There was a predominance of bacilli like Clostridium sp. in the biofilm of all support materials.
A escola de tempo integral: a implantação do projeto em uma escola do interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Castro, Adriana de
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5169481756236153
In the state of São Paulo, in the year of 2006, 500 Schools of Integral Time of basic education had been implanted more than, in the state public net, with the objective to extend the possibilities of learning of the pupils. To this, the learning day passed to 9 hours and the basic resume was developed with the curricular workshops. The Direction of Education, Region of Pirassununga, adhered to the project implanting it in 15 state schools. This work intends to know and to analyze the experience of a School of Integral Time, the Direction of Education Region of Pirassununga, focusing the possibilities, the limits and the challenges found for the team, in the fulfilment of the objectives considered for the project. The empirical research was carried through in the State School General Asdrúbal da Cunha, of the city of Pirassununga, June of 2007 to June of 2008. We use scripts of interviews and questionnaires structuralized for the collection of data next to the parents, pupils, professors and managers of the school. The averages gotten for the pupils of 6ª and 8ª series of the school object of the research, in the Evaluation System Pertaining to school Income of the State of São Paulo (SARESP), had been used to more good elucidate relative questions to supposed the educational quality attributed to the Schools of Integral Time, in detriment of the schools of partial day. The material was analyzed to the light of the elaborated theoretical referencial for Paro and Cavaliere, among others, that they had searched different experiences of magnifying of the pertaining to school time in other Brazilian public schools. We conclude that the proposal of improvement of the necessary pertaining to school quality, obligatorily, to come followed of enough resources of quality and in amount so that the speech does not fall in the emptiness with the infrastructure absence of the schools. Not yet we can affirm that it did not have improvement of the process education learning with the Schools of Integral Time, however the extension of the learning day, in the school, cannot be only one question of magnifying of time, but of a pertaining to school organization that contemplates the obligator activities and the activities of free choice of the pupil. The subject education in integral time, in the Brazilian public schools, is new. The quarrels and research concerning the subject are scarce, making with that it acquires an uneven importance in the current educational scene.
Mulheres marceneiras e autogestão na economia solidária : aspectos transformadores e obstáculos a serem transpostos na incubação em assentamento rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Cherfem, Carolina Orquiza
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Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5433973477773892
The Present research aimed to investigate the developing process of a self sustained community carpenter s workshop called Madeirarte, from Pirituba II settlement, located in Itapeva / SP. Madeirarte began from a community housing project done in the settlement, where the carpenter s workshop was built in order to make the housing parts and materials. This workshop was led by a group of four agriculturist women aged over forty-five years-old. These women began the community venture assuming that it could provide jobs and profits. In this context, the general concepts in this paper correlated to gender relations on the perspective of a dialogic feminism and the mutual economy in the self sustainable perspective. The first is due to the specificity of the job of women who work in carpentry, which is historically related to a concept of men s job, in the midst of a society where we observe the uneven relation between men and women and also among women themselves. The second is attributed to the context of a undertaking based on the mutual economy. Such economy corresponds to a quest of alternative ways to develop a productive processes that embraces solidariety, being able to connect the business activity to the real possibility of improving their quality of life, hence opposing the predominant capitalist ideology. Thus, this investigation aimed to reflect and dialog about the settlement process of Madeirarte by focusing on the gender relations and identifying the components of transformation and the components that come as obstacles, in order to find ways to improve the everyday life in their carpenter s workshop routine. For that, this paper established the concept of Dialogical Learning as a theoretical-ethodological basis, according to the guidelines of Habermas (1987), about the communicative action and, in the concept of dialogicity, developed by Paulo Freire (1994, 2005), by conceiving persons as essential subjects of a dialog, besides that they are engaged in the social context hence they are able to change it. The methodology used was the critical communicative approach, based on changing perspectives evidenced by the intersubjectivity and reflection as well as the importance of dialog in the knowledge building, which implies explicitness in the interpretation of the research subjects themselves. Thus, from the spaces of dialog established during the research, followed by the data collection structured by the analysis of the field diaries, interviews, participatory observation and communicative groups, the achieved results allowed us to interpret the reality experienced by the women carpenters in their everyday activities, connecting the work possibilities to the personal changes achieved around the settlement as well. The results also let identify the changing elements present at Madeirarte, by disclosing many acquired abilities and educational process built by women on the self sustained job. The research also identified the elements that appears as obstacles in this activity and pointing the possibilities to overcome. Finally, we seek to contribute with other settlement process and contribute through the women s best practices involved in community undertakings, such women who became roler models in their own lives, showing that it is necessary to expose the exclusion process that we live in but also to make known the possibilities of historical changes.
Responsabilidade social e abertura de capitais: uma descrição dentro do complexo agroindustrial canavieiro do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Novaes, Elisa Nogueira
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2836813099831483
The companies of the sugar-alcohol sector kept the same characteristics since their beginning up to the nineties. They were controlled by oligarchic groups, were under the State protection and were not worried about dissociating from the negative stigma of exploiting the workforce and destroying the environment. In the beginning of the XXI century, the sector started two new movements that would change its profile: the opening of capital of some plants and the interest in actions related to Social Responsibility. The proposal of this dissertation is to investigate which were the main factors that contributed to the beginning of these initiatives and whether there is any relationship between the opening of capital, and the adoption of actions related to Social Responsibility in the Agroindustrial Complex Sugar from Brazil. Within this context, it was possible to find out that the main transformations were initiated in the nineties. The end of the indirect support from the State; the impoverishment of resources received by the producers in São Paulo; and the withdrawal of the State from the market regulations forced the entrepreneurs to establish in the market based on their own competence. Nowadays, the good perspectives of marked for the Complex have contributed to the introduction of new ways of organizing corporative strategies in the companies of this sector. Social Responsibility that was not taken into account before became an important issue. Some important facts revealed during this research raise some questions about the relationship between Social Responsibility and the opening of capital, giving place to a new investigation that can be a subject for another research.
A porta está aberta : aprendizagem colaborativa, prática iniciante, raciocínio clínico e terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Marcolino, Taís Quevedo
;
Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679
This action-research tries to reveal the contributions of a mentorship program focused on collaborative learning to improve professional development and clinical reasoning of occupational therapists in the beginning of the career, supported by the epistemology of practical rationality, narrative reasoning and learning community framework. The intervention included the participation on a collaborative group of six beginner occupational therapists, two experienced occupational therapists, and the mentor-researcher, and the writing of reflective journals by the beginner professionals. The information provided by the transcriptions of the group meetings and by the reflective journals was submitted to a threestage study: an analysis of the themes and their development; an analysis of the transformations of the modus operandi of the group in a timeline; and a final analysis of the reflective processes that showed up in the written narratives. The results reveal dynamical aspects of the collaborative work and indicate mutation points characterized by an open and honest treatment of the conflicts and by the building of mutual confidence, allowing the recognition of the doubts and enabling negotiation on the essential tension between being an occupational therapist and the practice of occupational therapy. The negotiations and constructs centered around the first pole involved dilemmas related to the professional competence in the beginning of the carrier, to the work in mental health, to the questions regarding professional identity and to the negotiations with institutional contexts. The production related to the second pole highlighted the construction of an assistance that contrasts with the biomedical model and the appropriation of theoretical concepts that sustain the practice of the occupational therapist regarding the triadic relation therapist-patientactivities. Besides that, the results of the reflexive processes revealed in the journals and viewed as clinical reasoning processes were interpreted differently of the literature, indicating that the procedural reasoning was aiming to the dynamics of the triadic relationship, in an intentional practice of creating therapeutic histories. Moreover, the results also highlighted relations between the situational diagnostic reasoning and the conditional one, reflecting an effort to view the patient in his/her daily life and culturemolded social and emotional conditions. Given this context, it is possible to view this research-action as an investigation embedded in the universe of professional formation and practice, and that gathers results that amplify the discussion of how powerful collaborative processes are in boosting investigative attitudes capable of sustaining the learning that care to the development of the therapist and his/her practice. By placing occupational therapy practice as a study subject and occupational therapists as agents capable of generating knowledge about it, this research revealed results that, besides highlighting constitutive aspects of a client-centered care, also indicates new directions to forthcoming further studies to strength the foundations of occupational therapy practice.
Imobilização da enzima β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces fragilis em agarose e quitosana utilizando diferentes protocolos de ativação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Vieira, Danielle Cristina
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623433679437303
The objective of this work was stabilize and immobilize β-galactosidase from activated agarose and chitosan supports. Initially, it was evaluated the buffer type, ionic strength and bivalent ions Mn2+ and Mg2+ on the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme using as substrates lactose and o-NPG (o-nitrophenyl galactopyranoside). Then the enzyme was covalently immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose, epoxy-chitosan-alginate and chitosan activated with glutaraldehyde, encapsulation in agarose and chitosan and ionic adsorption on MANAE-agarose. After immobilization, different strategies were used to stabilize the derivative such as crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and polyaldehyde dextran for the enzyme immobilized by ionic adsorption and reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) for the enzyme covalently immobilized. For the derivative with maximum catalytic activity obtained, we estimated the kinetic and biochemical parameters as well as thermal stability at different temperatures and storage, operational stability, effect of inhibition by galactose and lactose yield. In the lactose hydrolysis, the best conditions were evaluated at 45°C in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and addition of 2 mM MgCl2 and 0.1 mM MnCl2 (6786.5 U/mL of crude extract) and in the hydrolysis of synthetic substrate, o-NPG, the conditions for maximum catalytic activity was buffer sodium phosphate pH 7.0 50 mM with 2 mM MgCl2 at 25°C (4466.1 U/mL of crude extract). The enzyme immobilization on glyoxyl-agarose at pH 10.05 inactivated the enzyme. At pH 7.0, the enzyme was not immobilized. Similar behavior was observed for the enzyme immobilized on epoxy-chitosan-alginate. The ionic adsorption of the enzyme on MANAE-agarose allowed obtaining derivatives with high catalytic activity and immobilization yield around 100%. Neverthelless the crosslinking of the immobilized enzyme using polyaldehyde dextran and glutaraldehyde reduced drastically the hydrolytic activity of the derivatives by distortion of the enzyme structure. Besides the thermal stability of these derivatives at 10°C showed a similar behavior to the free enzyme. In order to obtain a derivative with high thermal stability on catalytic activity, the covalent immobilization on coagulated chitosan by different solutions and temperature. The derivative that provided higher catalytic activity was coagulated in a solution of 0.5 M KOH at 50°C and activated with glutaraldehyde 0.8% (v/v), with immobilization yield and recovered activity of 100%. An assay of looding of the support showed that 247,0 mg protein/ g gel was the maximum load. However diffusional limitation was verified even at 25 mg/g of gel. The immobilization process did not change the biochemical properties of the enzyme (optimum temperature and pH). In the storage stability at 10 ° C, the derivative covalently immobilized lost only 20% of initial activity after 90 days. The enzyme immobilized on chitosan was 3-5 fold more stable than the soluble enzyme at 20 and 40°C. The operational stability in 4 cycles showed a loss of 17% of hydrolytic activity after 4 cycles. Another important fact was the smallest effect of inhibition by galactose compared to soluble enzyme, even at high concentrations (5 g/L). In the hydrolysis of lactose the conversion was 70 % using insoluble and immobilized enzymes. We can conclude that the β-galactosidase immobilized on chitosan activated with glutaraldehyde showed good properties, because it allows the development of continuous processes, facility of downstream process (product purification), avoiding contamination of the product by the biocatalyst. This advantage is very important specially for food industry.
Demandas de mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Hiratuka, Erika
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Matsukura, Thelma Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5577526888122273
Studies have demonstrated that providing instruction for and intervening in the family of children with special needs during their treatment process may represent an effective way of ensuring adequate parental support. Moreover, since each phase of the development of a child with special needs may create novel demands, the professionals have shown to be required to review their actions throughout the treatment. The current study aimed to identify the major demands from mothers of children with severe cerebral palsy as regards the instructions provided by the professionals involved in their child s treatment as well as other sources of support for child care and development. Three important milestones in child development were taken into account: (a) preschool period; (b) early school period; and (c) early adolescence. Firstly, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for Cerebral Palsy was translated and cross-cultural adapted to be used by Brazilian professionals. Accordingly, it was translated to Portuguese and its content was analyzed. Back-translation was conducted to ensure equivalence. The participants were nine mothers of children with cerebral palsy, who were divided into three groups according to their child s ages. Semistructured interview was used to collect data on child care, treatment, accessibility, types and levels of support, questions, difficulties, expectations, and parent-professional relationship. The Collective Subject Discourse was the method used to analyze the interviews. The results were presented according to the demands for each of the phases, being later discussed by comparing groups. The results of this study demonstrate that difficulties, questions and concerns about child care varied according to the child s developmental phase. In the initial phases, the major demands were related to questions about the child s survival, the lack of knowledge about proper child care, difficulties with the child s general health and the insecurity about the characteristics of the disorder. After meeting these demands, the mothers started to create expectations and raise queries about the child s development and prognosis, suggesting that they started to worry about the acquisition of walking, language and independence. Concern over child s weight, length and sexuality and the emergence of deformities are raised as important demands in the period close to adolescence. This study intends to contribute towards both an improvement of knowledge in the area and a better understanding of these family needs by providing reflection tools and suggesting intervention practices with this population.
Sustentatibilidade econômica de um S.A.E. (Serviço de Água e Esgoto) uma análise crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Bernardo, Carla Cristina
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5046467822676054
Water, which is needed by all living beings, is considered an economic and environmental possession of invaluable value to the life of the planet. It is found in Brazil as a possession of public domain, according to the Federal Constitution of 1988 and Law 11.445, of January 5 of 2007, which establishes the guidelines for the federal policy of sanitation. There is, therefore, the concept of ownership of management relevant to the State, with participation by the society. Wanting to demonstrate that it is possible to attain economic sustainability of a S.A.E, through the appropriate management, the case of the city of São José do Rio Preto will be studied, where the delivery of water supply and sanitation is done by a municipal authority created in August 21 of 2001, called SeMAE (Serviço Municipal Autônomo de Água e Esgoto). In the last decades it was verified, in a national territory level, trends for greater participation of private enterprises in the industry of sanitation, which contradicts the predominance, in most of the world, of public and local management. Referencing certain features of sanitation services, such as the essentiality and natural monopoly, there is a pressing need for social control. But the lacks of resources, ridiculous charges, practices of welfarism, and political interference, combined with poor management, have led to a scenario where the privatization appeared as salvation. With the introduction of National Sanitation Policy in 2007 and increased participation of the Federal Government, through the provision of programs and funding for the sector, an other reality is shown. The State, now defined as owner of sanitation services, walks in a path full of obligations and duties, in search of quality, efficiency and universal provision of the service. During the conception of this work, through the observation of the existing structures, institutional, physical, and operational of the Water and Sewer Service (W.S.S.) analysed, using data collected and carefully selected, were prepared initial diagnosis and procedures which corroborated with the evolution of this system. The comparative data used, coming mostly from the SNIS National Information of Sanitation System. The analysis and developmente of this work is permeated by the economic perspective. It avaliates, in the period from 2001 to 2008, the system of water supply and sewerage of São José do Rio Preto by means of measurable parameters and values, demonstrating its sustainability.
Pontos fixos e os contra-exemplos de Jiang
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27)
Souza, Taciana Oliveira
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0062492285546913
The aim of this work is construct the example, presented by Boju Jiang, of a self - map on a manifold with non - realizable Nielsen number. Firstly we will need to present the fixed point theory and some results about covering spaces, we do that in chapter 1. The chapter 2 is dedicated to obtain one presentation of the braid group of the Pants, that is the manifold used in Jiang´s example. This presentation is a very important tool and it will be used in the main results of this work. In the chapter 3 we construct the self - map. The aim of chapter 4 is to proof the following theorem: Let M be a compact, connected surface with negative Euler caracteristic. Then there exist a self - map on M such that all maps in its homotopy class have at least one fixed point, but its Nielsen number is zero . This result shows that even for the manifold without bondary it is possible to find self - maps with non - realizable Nielsen number. In chapter 3 e 4 we use Braid Group to construct such counter - examples, in the chapter 5 (the last one) we related some equation in braid group with the number of fixed points of a self - map on a compact connected surface.