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Influência de diferentes materiais suporte na produção de hidrogênio em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Barros, Aruana Rocha; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9270383646400992
Hydrogen is a clean and renewable source of energy and it is considered the "fuel of the future", because it produces only water during combustion and when it is used as fuel and hydrogen has a high energy yield of 122 kJ/g, which is 2.75 times greater than hydrocarbon fuels. The hydrogen production using microorganisms is a promising area of technological development from a wide variety of renewable and a alternative for this production is to use the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), a promising reactor for hydrogen production. One of the factors that most influence the performance of AFBR is the support material, which should provide resistance to abrasion, porous surface conducive to colonization by microorganisms, easy fluidization to reach and ability to facilitate the transfer of mass between the middle and biofilm. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different support materials (polystyrene - R1, ground tire - R2 and PET - R3) for the hydrogen production, using three AFBR. Each reactor had a total volume of 4192 cm3, which was used as carbon source 4000 mg.L-1 of glucose, with pH influent around 7.0 and pH effluent of around 5.5, with hydraulic retention time (HRT) between 8 and 0.5 h, with temperature of 30 o C } 1, with heat treatment of the inoculum. The best performance was R2, giving better hydrogen yield production (HY) (2.15 mol-H2.mol-1-glucose), best H2 content in the biogas (52.97%) and showed a higher glucose conversion (90%). However, the R3 was better in the hydrogen production rate (HPR), 1.07 lh-1.L-1, a secondary parameter in the analysis of performance of the reactors. In all reactors, the production volume of hydrogen and H2 content in biogas increased with the reduction of the TDH, 8 pm to 1 HEO yield of hydrogen production increased with the reduction of the TDH, 8 h for 2 h. The major soluble metabolites during H2 fermentation were acetic acid (HAc), butyric acid (HBu), lactic acid (HLa) and ethanol (EtOH), and a small production of propionic acid and R2 was the reactor that more produced HAc and HBu (42.0% e 36.5%, respectively) . The better performance of R2 can be explained by the roughness of ground tire is larger than the other materials used, accumulating a large quantity of attached biomass, and a greater quantity of bacteria hydrogen producing. There was a predominance of bacilli like Clostridium sp. in the biofilm of all support materials.
A escola de tempo integral: a implantação do projeto em uma escola do interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Castro, Adriana de; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5169481756236153
In the state of São Paulo, in the year of 2006, 500 Schools of Integral Time of basic education had been implanted more than, in the state public net, with the objective to extend the possibilities of learning of the pupils. To this, the learning day passed to 9 hours and the basic resume was developed with the curricular workshops. The Direction of Education, Region of Pirassununga, adhered to the project implanting it in 15 state schools. This work intends to know and to analyze the experience of a School of Integral Time, the Direction of Education Region of Pirassununga, focusing the possibilities, the limits and the challenges found for the team, in the fulfilment of the objectives considered for the project. The empirical research was carried through in the State School General Asdrúbal da Cunha, of the city of Pirassununga, June of 2007 to June of 2008. We use scripts of interviews and questionnaires structuralized for the collection of data next to the parents, pupils, professors and managers of the school. The averages gotten for the pupils of 6ª and 8ª series of the school object of the research, in the Evaluation System Pertaining to school Income of the State of São Paulo (SARESP), had been used to more good elucidate relative questions to supposed the educational quality attributed to the Schools of Integral Time, in detriment of the schools of partial day. The material was analyzed to the light of the elaborated theoretical referencial for Paro and Cavaliere, among others, that they had searched different experiences of magnifying of the pertaining to school time in other Brazilian public schools. We conclude that the proposal of improvement of the necessary pertaining to school quality, obligatorily, to come followed of enough resources of quality and in amount so that the speech does not fall in the emptiness with the infrastructure absence of the schools. Not yet we can affirm that it did not have improvement of the process education learning with the Schools of Integral Time, however the extension of the learning day, in the school, cannot be only one question of magnifying of time, but of a pertaining to school organization that contemplates the obligator activities and the activities of free choice of the pupil. The subject education in integral time, in the Brazilian public schools, is new. The quarrels and research concerning the subject are scarce, making with that it acquires an uneven importance in the current educational scene.
Mulheres marceneiras e autogestão na economia solidária : aspectos transformadores e obstáculos a serem transpostos na incubação em assentamento rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Cherfem, Carolina Orquiza; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5433973477773892
The Present research aimed to investigate the developing process of a self sustained community carpenter s workshop called Madeirarte, from Pirituba II settlement, located in Itapeva / SP. Madeirarte began from a community housing project done in the settlement, where the carpenter s workshop was built in order to make the housing parts and materials. This workshop was led by a group of four agriculturist women aged over forty-five years-old. These women began the community venture assuming that it could provide jobs and profits. In this context, the general concepts in this paper correlated to gender relations on the perspective of a dialogic feminism and the mutual economy in the self sustainable perspective. The first is due to the specificity of the job of women who work in carpentry, which is historically related to a concept of men s job, in the midst of a society where we observe the uneven relation between men and women and also among women themselves. The second is attributed to the context of a undertaking based on the mutual economy. Such economy corresponds to a quest of alternative ways to develop a productive processes that embraces solidariety, being able to connect the business activity to the real possibility of improving their quality of life, hence opposing the predominant capitalist ideology. Thus, this investigation aimed to reflect and dialog about the settlement process of Madeirarte by focusing on the gender relations and identifying the components of transformation and the components that come as obstacles, in order to find ways to improve the everyday life in their carpenter s workshop routine. For that, this paper established the concept of Dialogical Learning as a theoretical-ethodological basis, according to the guidelines of Habermas (1987), about the communicative action and, in the concept of dialogicity, developed by Paulo Freire (1994, 2005), by conceiving persons as essential subjects of a dialog, besides that they are engaged in the social context hence they are able to change it. The methodology used was the critical communicative approach, based on changing perspectives evidenced by the intersubjectivity and reflection as well as the importance of dialog in the knowledge building, which implies explicitness in the interpretation of the research subjects themselves. Thus, from the spaces of dialog established during the research, followed by the data collection structured by the analysis of the field diaries, interviews, participatory observation and communicative groups, the achieved results allowed us to interpret the reality experienced by the women carpenters in their everyday activities, connecting the work possibilities to the personal changes achieved around the settlement as well. The results also let identify the changing elements present at Madeirarte, by disclosing many acquired abilities and educational process built by women on the self sustained job. The research also identified the elements that appears as obstacles in this activity and pointing the possibilities to overcome. Finally, we seek to contribute with other settlement process and contribute through the women s best practices involved in community undertakings, such women who became roler models in their own lives, showing that it is necessary to expose the exclusion process that we live in but also to make known the possibilities of historical changes.
Responsabilidade social e abertura de capitais: uma descrição dentro do complexo agroindustrial canavieiro do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Novaes, Elisa Nogueira; Alves, Francisco José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2836813099831483
The companies of the sugar-alcohol sector kept the same characteristics since their beginning up to the nineties. They were controlled by oligarchic groups, were under the State protection and were not worried about dissociating from the negative stigma of exploiting the workforce and destroying the environment. In the beginning of the XXI century, the sector started two new movements that would change its profile: the opening of capital of some plants and the interest in actions related to Social Responsibility. The proposal of this dissertation is to investigate which were the main factors that contributed to the beginning of these initiatives and whether there is any relationship between the opening of capital, and the adoption of actions related to Social Responsibility in the Agroindustrial Complex Sugar from Brazil. Within this context, it was possible to find out that the main transformations were initiated in the nineties. The end of the indirect support from the State; the impoverishment of resources received by the producers in São Paulo; and the withdrawal of the State from the market regulations forced the entrepreneurs to establish in the market based on their own competence. Nowadays, the good perspectives of marked for the Complex have contributed to the introduction of new ways of organizing corporative strategies in the companies of this sector. Social Responsibility that was not taken into account before became an important issue. Some important facts revealed during this research raise some questions about the relationship between Social Responsibility and the opening of capital, giving place to a new investigation that can be a subject for another research.
A porta está aberta : aprendizagem colaborativa, prática iniciante, raciocínio clínico e terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Marcolino, Taís Quevedo; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679
This action-research tries to reveal the contributions of a mentorship program focused on collaborative learning to improve professional development and clinical reasoning of occupational therapists in the beginning of the career, supported by the epistemology of practical rationality, narrative reasoning and learning community framework. The intervention included the participation on a collaborative group of six beginner occupational therapists, two experienced occupational therapists, and the mentor-researcher, and the writing of reflective journals by the beginner professionals. The information provided by the transcriptions of the group meetings and by the reflective journals was submitted to a threestage study: an analysis of the themes and their development; an analysis of the transformations of the modus operandi of the group in a timeline; and a final analysis of the reflective processes that showed up in the written narratives. The results reveal dynamical aspects of the collaborative work and indicate mutation points characterized by an open and honest treatment of the conflicts and by the building of mutual confidence, allowing the recognition of the doubts and enabling negotiation on the essential tension between being an occupational therapist and the practice of occupational therapy. The negotiations and constructs centered around the first pole involved dilemmas related to the professional competence in the beginning of the carrier, to the work in mental health, to the questions regarding professional identity and to the negotiations with institutional contexts. The production related to the second pole highlighted the construction of an assistance that contrasts with the biomedical model and the appropriation of theoretical concepts that sustain the practice of the occupational therapist regarding the triadic relation therapist-patientactivities. Besides that, the results of the reflexive processes revealed in the journals and viewed as clinical reasoning processes were interpreted differently of the literature, indicating that the procedural reasoning was aiming to the dynamics of the triadic relationship, in an intentional practice of creating therapeutic histories. Moreover, the results also highlighted relations between the situational diagnostic reasoning and the conditional one, reflecting an effort to view the patient in his/her daily life and culturemolded social and emotional conditions. Given this context, it is possible to view this research-action as an investigation embedded in the universe of professional formation and practice, and that gathers results that amplify the discussion of how powerful collaborative processes are in boosting investigative attitudes capable of sustaining the learning that care to the development of the therapist and his/her practice. By placing occupational therapy practice as a study subject and occupational therapists as agents capable of generating knowledge about it, this research revealed results that, besides highlighting constitutive aspects of a client-centered care, also indicates new directions to forthcoming further studies to strength the foundations of occupational therapy practice.
Pontos fixos e os contra-exemplos de Jiang
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Souza, Taciana Oliveira; Vendrúscolo, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0062492285546913
The aim of this work is construct the example, presented by Boju Jiang, of a self - map on a manifold with non - realizable Nielsen number. Firstly we will need to present the fixed point theory and some results about covering spaces, we do that in chapter 1. The chapter 2 is dedicated to obtain one presentation of the braid group of the Pants, that is the manifold used in Jiang´s example. This presentation is a very important tool and it will be used in the main results of this work. In the chapter 3 we construct the self - map. The aim of chapter 4 is to proof the following theorem: Let M be a compact, connected surface with negative Euler caracteristic. Then there exist a self - map on M such that all maps in its homotopy class have at least one fixed point, but its Nielsen number is zero . This result shows that even for the manifold without bondary it is possible to find self - maps with non - realizable Nielsen number. In chapter 3 e 4 we use Braid Group to construct such counter - examples, in the chapter 5 (the last one) we related some equation in braid group with the number of fixed points of a self - map on a compact connected surface.
Ergonomia e projeto no contexto do programa de ergonomia de uma indústria aeronáutica : descontinuidade sem ruptura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Tosetto, Thaís; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6834973992915212
In the last twenty years, in Brazil, companies have demonstrated interest in developing ergonomic programs to face the health, productivity, working conditions problems. This study, developed in the an ergonomic industrial program context, is oriented towards the identification of faulty areas and possible solutions during the improvement process in order to assure the solution quality and guarantee the continuity of the program. Beginning with a case study which encompasses the retrospective analysis and validation of three projects which were considered unsuccessful regarding the expected goals, a reflection about ergonomics and projecting from this program´s standpoint. As all ergonomic intervention should, by principle, perform transformations in the work, these transformations include development of improvement projects. It is only after the identification of determinants of working situations that an action can be triggered. In order to identify the determinants it is necessary that an ergonomic work analysis is carefully carried out. It is this conscious situation analysis which will provide the ground to project solutions which will address both health and productivity and will positively change the working situation. The social project construction is presented as a way to reduce the uncertainty as it allows the confrontation of different logics. When the collected data is analyzed, it can be seen that there are still difficulties and project and analysis failures related to disregard the methodology, characterizing the difficulty of breaking the continuity paradigm. The progressive loss of real work comprehension and the worker participation reduction leads to the development of impoverished solutions. Understanding projects as the materialization of concepts that regard the man, the technique and the work employed in the process, it is possible to notice that the way adopted to introduce improvements do not breaks the top-down approach. It is only after reviewing the intervention results that the models can evolve.
Sustentatibilidade econômica de um S.A.E. (Serviço de Água e Esgoto) uma análise crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Bernardo, Carla Cristina; Cordeiro, João Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5046467822676054
Water, which is needed by all living beings, is considered an economic and environmental possession of invaluable value to the life of the planet. It is found in Brazil as a possession of public domain, according to the Federal Constitution of 1988 and Law 11.445, of January 5 of 2007, which establishes the guidelines for the federal policy of sanitation. There is, therefore, the concept of ownership of management relevant to the State, with participation by the society. Wanting to demonstrate that it is possible to attain economic sustainability of a S.A.E, through the appropriate management, the case of the city of São José do Rio Preto will be studied, where the delivery of water supply and sanitation is done by a municipal authority created in August 21 of 2001, called SeMAE (Serviço Municipal Autônomo de Água e Esgoto). In the last decades it was verified, in a national territory level, trends for greater participation of private enterprises in the industry of sanitation, which contradicts the predominance, in most of the world, of public and local management. Referencing certain features of sanitation services, such as the essentiality and natural monopoly, there is a pressing need for social control. But the lacks of resources, ridiculous charges, practices of welfarism, and political interference, combined with poor management, have led to a scenario where the privatization appeared as salvation. With the introduction of National Sanitation Policy in 2007 and increased participation of the Federal Government, through the provision of programs and funding for the sector, an other reality is shown. The State, now defined as owner of sanitation services, walks in a path full of obligations and duties, in search of quality, efficiency and universal provision of the service. During the conception of this work, through the observation of the existing structures, institutional, physical, and operational of the Water and Sewer Service (W.S.S.) analysed, using data collected and carefully selected, were prepared initial diagnosis and procedures which corroborated with the evolution of this system. The comparative data used, coming mostly from the SNIS National Information of Sanitation System. The analysis and developmente of this work is permeated by the economic perspective. It avaliates, in the period from 2001 to 2008, the system of water supply and sewerage of São José do Rio Preto by means of measurable parameters and values, demonstrating its sustainability.
Dança e música : por uma educação humanizadora em prática musical coletiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Sanchez, Melina Fernandes; Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3961342308379604
This Master s Dissertation introduces a dialogue between music and dance languages in a collective music practice context, more specifically in a community orchestra. With this purpose, the researcher, dancer and dance educator shares her own experiences in the field of Music Education and discusses the interaction developed with some members of the Experimental Orchestra of the Federal University of São Carlos (São Paulo state). The aim of this research is to discuss how experiences and reflections of dance activities can contribute for self perception, perception of the other and perception of music practice in order to benefit humanizing Education. The research includes eight movement themes related to the Choreological study proposed by Preston-Dunlop. They are: Body - whole and parts; Space kinesphere; Space octahedron; Space Shape; Space Projection; Dynamics Time; Dynamics Weight; and Relationships. The interaction meetings included experiences and reflections of dance activities. The methodological approach for the interaction was the context-based Art in Education/ Dance which articulates authors as Paulo Freire and Rudolf Laban main references in this research as well as Fiori, Gainza, Kater, Koellreutter and Marques. Results discuss the speeches from conversation circles proposed at the end of each interaction meeting. Presented in a discursive way, results include the researchereducator s reflections articulated with theoretical references, and point out the contributions of this process for self perception, perception of the other and perception of music collective practice.
Demandas de mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Hiratuka, Erika; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5577526888122273
Studies have demonstrated that providing instruction for and intervening in the family of children with special needs during their treatment process may represent an effective way of ensuring adequate parental support. Moreover, since each phase of the development of a child with special needs may create novel demands, the professionals have shown to be required to review their actions throughout the treatment. The current study aimed to identify the major demands from mothers of children with severe cerebral palsy as regards the instructions provided by the professionals involved in their child s treatment as well as other sources of support for child care and development. Three important milestones in child development were taken into account: (a) preschool period; (b) early school period; and (c) early adolescence. Firstly, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for Cerebral Palsy was translated and cross-cultural adapted to be used by Brazilian professionals. Accordingly, it was translated to Portuguese and its content was analyzed. Back-translation was conducted to ensure equivalence. The participants were nine mothers of children with cerebral palsy, who were divided into three groups according to their child s ages. Semistructured interview was used to collect data on child care, treatment, accessibility, types and levels of support, questions, difficulties, expectations, and parent-professional relationship. The Collective Subject Discourse was the method used to analyze the interviews. The results were presented according to the demands for each of the phases, being later discussed by comparing groups. The results of this study demonstrate that difficulties, questions and concerns about child care varied according to the child s developmental phase. In the initial phases, the major demands were related to questions about the child s survival, the lack of knowledge about proper child care, difficulties with the child s general health and the insecurity about the characteristics of the disorder. After meeting these demands, the mothers started to create expectations and raise queries about the child s development and prognosis, suggesting that they started to worry about the acquisition of walking, language and independence. Concern over child s weight, length and sexuality and the emergence of deformities are raised as important demands in the period close to adolescence. This study intends to contribute towards both an improvement of knowledge in the area and a better understanding of these family needs by providing reflection tools and suggesting intervention practices with this population.
Imobilização da enzima β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces fragilis em agarose e quitosana utilizando diferentes protocolos de ativação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Vieira, Danielle Cristina; Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623433679437303
The objective of this work was stabilize and immobilize β-galactosidase from activated agarose and chitosan supports. Initially, it was evaluated the buffer type, ionic strength and bivalent ions Mn2+ and Mg2+ on the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme using as substrates lactose and o-NPG (o-nitrophenyl galactopyranoside). Then the enzyme was covalently immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose, epoxy-chitosan-alginate and chitosan activated with glutaraldehyde, encapsulation in agarose and chitosan and ionic adsorption on MANAE-agarose. After immobilization, different strategies were used to stabilize the derivative such as crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and polyaldehyde dextran for the enzyme immobilized by ionic adsorption and reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) for the enzyme covalently immobilized. For the derivative with maximum catalytic activity obtained, we estimated the kinetic and biochemical parameters as well as thermal stability at different temperatures and storage, operational stability, effect of inhibition by galactose and lactose yield. In the lactose hydrolysis, the best conditions were evaluated at 45°C in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and addition of 2 mM MgCl2 and 0.1 mM MnCl2 (6786.5 U/mL of crude extract) and in the hydrolysis of synthetic substrate, o-NPG, the conditions for maximum catalytic activity was buffer sodium phosphate pH 7.0 50 mM with 2 mM MgCl2 at 25°C (4466.1 U/mL of crude extract). The enzyme immobilization on glyoxyl-agarose at pH 10.05 inactivated the enzyme. At pH 7.0, the enzyme was not immobilized. Similar behavior was observed for the enzyme immobilized on epoxy-chitosan-alginate. The ionic adsorption of the enzyme on MANAE-agarose allowed obtaining derivatives with high catalytic activity and immobilization yield around 100%. Neverthelless the crosslinking of the immobilized enzyme using polyaldehyde dextran and glutaraldehyde reduced drastically the hydrolytic activity of the derivatives by distortion of the enzyme structure. Besides the thermal stability of these derivatives at 10°C showed a similar behavior to the free enzyme. In order to obtain a derivative with high thermal stability on catalytic activity, the covalent immobilization on coagulated chitosan by different solutions and temperature. The derivative that provided higher catalytic activity was coagulated in a solution of 0.5 M KOH at 50°C and activated with glutaraldehyde 0.8% (v/v), with immobilization yield and recovered activity of 100%. An assay of looding of the support showed that 247,0 mg protein/ g gel was the maximum load. However diffusional limitation was verified even at 25 mg/g of gel. The immobilization process did not change the biochemical properties of the enzyme (optimum temperature and pH). In the storage stability at 10 ° C, the derivative covalently immobilized lost only 20% of initial activity after 90 days. The enzyme immobilized on chitosan was 3-5 fold more stable than the soluble enzyme at 20 and 40°C. The operational stability in 4 cycles showed a loss of 17% of hydrolytic activity after 4 cycles. Another important fact was the smallest effect of inhibition by galactose compared to soluble enzyme, even at high concentrations (5 g/L). In the hydrolysis of lactose the conversion was 70 % using insoluble and immobilized enzymes. We can conclude that the β-galactosidase immobilized on chitosan activated with glutaraldehyde showed good properties, because it allows the development of continuous processes, facility of downstream process (product purification), avoiding contamination of the product by the biocatalyst. This advantage is very important specially for food industry.
Identificação de condições eficientes no ensino de discriminações para bebês com até 21 meses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Sousa, Naiara Minto de; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737172054075231
One of the most complex human abilities is the symbolic thought that is related to the acquisition of arbitrary relational repertoires such as conditional discrimination. However, research on the acquisition of these repertoires in babies up to 24 months was hampered by methodological difficulties. The literature has identified some critical variables for the maintenance of these participants in experimental situation and other variables related to the process of learning the tasks by the babies. This research investigated procedures for teaching simple and conditional visual discrimination in infants aged 15 to 21 months. In the first part of the investigation - Study 1 - the tasks proposed to the participants were simple simultaneous discrimination and delayed identity conditional discrimination. Various industrialized toys had different functions as stimulus and were exposed in a motorized apparatus specially built for the study. The first study evaluated the effects of variation of the order and amount of exposure of participants to differential reinforcement contingencies on the performance of babies in simple discrimination tasks. In Study 2, simple simultaneous discrimination tasks, discrimination reversal and delayed arbitrary conditional discrimination tasks have been proposed to the participants in a play context where some photographs of animals were exposed in a bound book of paper card. This study evaluated the effects of the requirement of observational and choice responses similar to those issued in natural situation of free play between adults and babies. The investigation has identified effective conditions of teaching in two aspects - achievement of the learning criteria of discrimination tasks by participants and for their permanence in the experimental situation over the experimental procedures, respectively: 1) the procedure of contact with differential reinforcement contingencies that occurred in more trials and planned the positive reinforcement (S+) to occur in the first trial; 2) the procedure of requirement of observational and choice responses present in the baby repertoire and the experimental arrange of the effective reinforcer stimuli as part of the task (exerting function of reinforcer or sample stimulus). The general discussion stressed the importance of knowledge by researchers from the expected repertoire of participants in a specific age for planning tasks and requiring responses closer form that naturally emitted in babies daily activities. Likewise, researchers must know the individual repertoire of each baby so they can arrange the effective reinforcer stimulus for each participant.
Desenvolvimento de indicadores da manufatura enxuta utilizando ferramentas de business intelligence : uma aplicação na manufatura de calçados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Escodeiro, José Roberto; Pereira, Neocles Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
In the past decades companies around the world have implemented their concepts of Lean Manufacture (LM) with their main focus on business. Together with LM s implementation comes the need of continuous improvement as several sources and historical data volume originate from its processing. Whenever those historical data are, for any reason, discarded without generating indicators the oportunity of transforming data into strategic information is missed. Such situation brings about the need of an adequate performance measurement system of LM. Having this constant monitoring need of LM s performance in mind as a strategic mean for a company to achieve competitivity in the market, this paper aims to develop through Information Technology (IT) and the tools of Business Intelligence (BI) a proposal of managing performance indicators of LM present in shoe production, as an alternative to improve decision making. In order to develop this research, an overview of the literature of LM, BI, Information Systems (IS), performance indicators and shoe manufacturing from the basic concept of LM is offered that, on the other hand, has to do with cost reduction and total cut of waste. This study leads to the seven waste groups of LM, which, together with other published works, can guide and focus so as to reach indicators. By setting indicators and pointing strategy, and also collecting data, the next step is modelling and developing data load in dimentional format prepared to use BI s tools as On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP). Finally, the application is tested in a shoe industry with the load of waste indicator for over production. The final result of the research is a series of analyses of waste information for over production as well as the contribution of the proposed method in terms of easiness, flexibility and practical availability in companies.
Modificações comportamentais em aranhas orbitelas (Araneae: Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae, Araneidae) atacadas por vespas parasitóides (Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae, Polysphinctini)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-02-27) Sobczak, Jober Fernando; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1177030761488272
Parasitoid wasps use a wide diversity of arthropods as food for their larvae. Among the koinobiont species, (those whose development of the parasitoid does not interrupt the normal activities of the host), there is a group of wasps that it uses exclusively spiders as host. In the group, Polysphincta (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae), some species are able to alter the behaviour of their hosts just before of pupation. These behavioral modifications, that may promote an increasing in the survival probability of the parasitoids, are rare in this type of interaction. In this work, which was divided in three chapters, new cases of behavioral manipulation of hosts are described and one of them, the interaction between the spider Nephila clavipes (Nephilidae) and the wasp Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Ichneumonidae) is analyzed in details. In the first chapter we described two new species of wasps of the genus Hymenoepimecis that attack spiders building of orbicular webs. The first species described, Hymenoepimecis n. sp. 1., parasite females of Leucauge roseosignata, inducing a behavior in the spider that resulted in the construction of a modified web. The modified web of this host is composed of only three reinforced threads. The cocoon remains fixed in in the center of this web by a suspended thread. In the second described species, Hymenoepimecis n. sp. 2., parasitoid of females of Manogea porracea, we did not observe a modification in the normal web architecture. Nevertheless, we observed that the cocoon of the parasitoid occupies a distinct position in the web. In this case, it is possible that the parasitoid could induce the replacement of the host for another highly protected site within the web In the second chapter, we analyzed the interaction between Hymenoepimecis bicolor and Nephila clavipes, and observed that there is a modification in the architecture of the web at a specific moment of larval development. The larva induces the spider to build a modified xiii web in the last three days that precede its death. This modification of the web construction behavior and consequently the change in his architecture, possibly is promoted by the inoculation of some substance in the host. The modified web is composed of only a few radii and spires, surrounded by a complex structure of barrier threads. The barrier probably confers additional protection for the cocoon. In this chapter we also tested whether the modifications in the web could be the result of poor nutritional condition, promoted by the continuous exploration of the host by the parasitoid larva. We conducted an experiment of food deprivation that showed that, even after 21 days without food, unparasitized spiders keep building webs with a normal number of radii and spirals. In the third chapter we described the male of Hymenoepimecis bicolor and investigated the influence of web aggregations and host body size in the susceptibility of females of N. clavipes to H. bicolor. We did not observe an influence of the number of spiders in the aggregations in the probability of parasitism. The body size of the spider, on the other hand, was a very important factor in the determination of the risks of parasitism. Spiders with small body size were more susceptible to attacks than large spiders. In this chapter we also describes the attacking behavior of the parasitoid from host the immobilization to oviposition. The oviposition behavior begins with a short recognition flight around the web. After checking the spider position, the parasitoid darted a straight attack to the centre of the web, reaching the host straightly and paralyzing the spider with the introduction of the ovipositor in its mouth. After immobilizing the host the parasitoid inspects the abdomen, possibly searching for another larva or egg before begin the oviposition. The spider recovers the movements soon after the oviposition and continues its normal activities, capturing prey and constructing normal webs, until three days before the larva reach the third instar.