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O processo de municipalização do ensino em Itirapina: a experiência de uma década
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-04) Moraes, Maria da Graça Zucchi; Tagliavini, João Virgílio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4097489212297431
The goal is to make an assessment of the decentralization process of the elementary school in the city of Itirapina in the State of São Paulo, making a picture of the municipal education as a whole. This process begins in August 1997, by signing the Partnership Agreement between the State Department of Education and the City of Itirapina, transferring a single state school from 1st to 4th grade in the city, manage it for this. This process begins with only one school and, gradually, after just over ten years, the growth of the municipal network is stressed, to read in 2008, four units of basic education, two of them full-time. The interest of this research work is to analyze this whole process in the ten years to understand its contradictions and identify the variables that affect positively or negatively in the development and implementation of decentralized management. To achieve these goals, with the concern and care for the look back is always the case, it was decided to search for both qualitative and some actions were necessary as to raise and examine documents, data showing the characteristics of the municipality, the administration and management. Based on my experience as manager in this process, I was already ahead of the municipal education secretary as the folder during the signing of the agreement and thereafter for one management, this work brings considerations, comparing the concepts and data collected by research, with a look back not only to the local level, but also for broader issues in a broader universe in which many of the phenomena are crucial for defining the local situation. The paper records the sequence of political and administrative acts in the context of educational reforms, bringing to debate the consequences of all this was for the municipality.
Alcance e apreensão de objetos em lactentes com síndrome de Down : impacto da interação organismoambiente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-04) Campos, Ana Carolina de; Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292093208120940
The acquisition and the refinement of motor skills have been described to require a reciprocal relationship between organismic and environmental conditions. This interaction is evidenced in studies identifying the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on functional skills such as reaching and grasping objects. Thus, Study 1 was conducted in order to review the research on factors influencing reaching and grasping in infants at risk for developmental delays. The review has shown that few studies have aimed to understand the development of actions performed by Down syndrome (DS) infants, and also that there is a lack of information about these infants abilities to adjust their intrinsic properties to environmental demands. Consequently, two studies have been carried out. Study 2 aimed to describe the kinematic characteristics of reaching movements in 4-6-month-old DS infants and to test the influence of intrinsic factors, namely Down syndrome and gross motor skill level, on reaching and grasping behaviors. Seven infants with DS and seven infants with typical development (TD) were assessed at 4, 5 and 6 months-old. Gross motor skill was assessed by using Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Infants were placed in a baby chair reclined 50º from the horizontal. A soft object (12.5 cm in diameter) was presented at infant s midline, shoulders height, and arm s length. The following variables were analyzed: straightness index (SI), mean velocity, movement units, deceleration time and grasping frequency. DS infants demonstrate variability in the age of reaching acquisition. The DS and the level of gross motor skills were found to influence grasping frequency. Faced with a task that did not impose excessive demand, kinematic characteristics of reaching in DS infants were quite similar to typical infants, except for the number of movement units at 5 months, which was higher for DS infants, and for SI at 6 months, which was lower for these infants. On the other hand, grasping frequency was lower for DS infants. In order to understand DS infants ability to reach for and grasp objects of different sizes, Study 3 was carried out. Grasping and kinematic characteristics of reaches performed by the same infants for large and small objects were analyzed. These reaches were recorded during the same experimental procedure of Study 2. The object size has induced kinematic changes in reaches performed by DS infants, what suggests that they are exploring strategies to move. The adoption of variable movement strategies suggests perception of affordances of the objects. Nevertheless, DS infants failed to grasp the object, which may indicate that they need more experience in the task in order to adapt their actions to their intrinsic constraints. The results of this study point to the importance of considering the individual variability and the confluence of multiple factors in the development of reaching and grasping, since the organismic conditions in interaction with the task demands, were found to influence reaching and grasping performance.