Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-03-09"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21069

Morfologia, conservação e ecofisiologia da germinação de sementes de Psidium cattleianum Sabine
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-09)
Silva, Antonio da
;
Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
Psidium cattleianum has great potential for animal and human food, for multiple uses of wood and for recovery of degraded areas. Due to its economic importance and to the lack of information on seed germination and conservation, this study aimed to find the morphology of fruits, seeds, seedlings and young plants and to establish the presence or absence of dormancy. Furthermore, studies have been conducted relating to the conservation of seeds, the germination responses under different temperatures, qualities of light and humidity levels of the substrates. All these studies focus to generate knowledge that can help to support conservation projects, management and restoration of altered and/or protected areas. By the results, it was found that seeds and fruits showed had little biometric variation and the greatest variation occured in number of seeds per fruit. The seeds showed tegumentary dormancy, the germination is hypogeal and the seedlings are cryptocotylar. Seeds immersed in water at room temperature in laboratory, proved germination pending quicker 20- 30oC in white light. The seed immersed in sulfuric acid during ten, 20 and 25 minutes, subjected to temperatures of 20-30oC under white light, showed higher germination rate. The placing of the seeds in waterproof packed and stored in natural environment in the laboratory or in a dry chamber, as well as the seeds packed in semi-permeable package and stored in cold chamber, were suitable for the preservation during 1,107 days and this fact, associated with little variation on the moisture content allowed to classify them as orthodoxe ones. The test of electrical conductivity with scarified seeds in the sulfuric acid during 25 minutes was not efficient to evaluate its physiological quality. The highest values of seed germination and speed rate were obtained at the temperature of 20-30oC under white light. Regardless of temperatures, the seeds showed drastic reduction in speed and germination in absence and presence of far red light. The seeds are positive preferential photoblastic. It is assumed that seeds germination is better under light natural conditions. The highest values of seed speed and germination were obtained, under white light regardless of seed age. The highest seed speed and germination were obtained at 20-30oC, under white light in 15 mL of water, as well as 50 grams of sand moistened with six, nine and 12 mL of water.
Eletrodissolução de alumínio em polpa celulósica proveniente da reciclagem de embalagens cartonadas multicamadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-09)
Neves, Fernando Luiz
;
Coury, José Renato
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7563266192997044
In this work we studied the aluminum electro-dissolution in cellulose pulp from milk and beverage cartons recycling. The objective for this research is to reduce the aluminum particles sizes to values below 300 μm. In the first stage, the process was studied in lab scale using an electrochemical reactor anode made of Titanium recovered with ruthenium oxide (DSA® Ti/Ti0.6Ru0.3O2- De Nora do Brasil) and cathode made of titanium without recovering. In this experiment in lab scale, the electro-dissolution of aluminum presented a first order kinetic reaching 88 to 92% of electrochemical efficiency after 500 minutes. From measurements of particles diameter by optical microscopy it was possible to calculate the total area occupied by the aluminum particles which was quantified by image efficiency. For the lab experiment the image efficiency reached values between 74 and 88%. This first study was conducted in three current density: 250, 320 and 700 A/m2 and during 60, 180, 480 and 960 minutes. After 60 minutes no particles above 300 μm was detected. In the second stage, a pilot electrochemical reactor was designed taking the lab reactor parameters and keeping the same material for anode and cathode. This system was evaluated for current densities of 22, 250 and 270 A/m2 during 120 and 420 minutes. The best result was observed with the application of 250 A/m2 during 420 minutes reaching electrochemical and image efficiency of 60 and 72% respectively. The mechanical resistance for the cellulose pulp was evaluated before and after the electrochemical treatment and it was noted that it affected the freeness in a positive way. Tear, tensile, burst, zero span tensile index and stretch, if compared to non-treated and refined pulp to the same freeness, presented effects positive or negative depending on the current density applied and the treatment time. However, all the measurements for mechanical properties after the electrochemical treatment are in the acceptable level for paper market. The energy consumption was evaluated for the lab and pilot experiment and optimized industrial conditions were simulated. Based on these simulations and on the experiments results, we can conclude that a plant that recycles 50 ton per day of milk and beverage cartons needs 655 kW of electric power to treat all the pulp extracted from these packages using the electrochemical process considering that paper represents 75% (w/w) of milk and beverage cartons composition.
Interação multualista entre morcegos nectarívoros(Chiroptera) e a pata-de-vaca Bauhinia Holophylla Steud. (Fabaceae) em uma área de cerrado: atração e recompensa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-09)
Estêvão, Julia Ramos
;
Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2869410150047234
(Attraction and reward of nectar-feeding bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) by the plant Bauhinia holophylla (Fabaceae) in a Brazilian savanna) In facultative mutualisms, species compete strongly with each other for partners. It is expected that sympatric plant species pollinated by the same guild of animals invest heavily in attracting partners. Thus, we investigated interactions between Bauhinia holophylla and bats to test whether: (1) this plant is visited mostly by bats and if it assures attraction of bats through typically chiropterophilic floral traits; and (2) bats adjust their foraging behavior to the temporal pattern of nectar production by flowers. We worked in a Cerrado area in southeastern Brazil, recording floral visitors and their foraging pattern. We determined nectar production and how its concentration varied throughout the night. Three species of bats were the main legitimate visitors. Bauhinia holophylla floral characteristics followed predictions of the chiropterophyly syndrome: brush format, white color, sweet odor, crepuscular anthesis, nocturnal nectar production and flowers exposed on branches. Bats visited flowers more often at dusk, there were differences in the main hours of overflight, reconnaissance flight and visitation. Solute concentration in nectar was always highest at the beginning of the night and fell gradually thereafter. Bats did not visit more flowers when nectar concentration was higher. We conclude that in this interaction dependence is asymmetric, following patters of other facultative mutualisms, because Bauhinia holophylla depends on bats for its pollination, but bats presumably do not depend on it for food.
Guildas de Tetraodontiformes (Teleostei, Acanthopterygii) em um complexo estuarino tropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-09)
Andrade, Amanda Carvalho de
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7833843926071032
The demersal ichthyofauna of Guanabara bay was sampled bimonthly, during two years, in ten stations distributed along a hydrobiological gradient. An otter trawl was employed, conducting 30 minute trawls, at a speed of 2 knots, summing up to 240 hours of fishing effort from July 2005 to June 2007. A total of 16,081 Tetraodontiformes specimens were collected, representing ten species divided among the families Ostraciidae, Monacanthidae, Tetraodontidae and Diodontidae. The otter trawl was considered an adequate technique to sample the group, although it may underestimate the abundances of species associated with hard bottoms (Acanthostracion sp.) and marginal areas (Sphoeroides spp.). Tetraodontiformes fishes appear to be well adapted to hydrological variations and to inhospitable conditions prompted by intense eutrophication. However, abiotic factors traditionally considered important in the structuring of estuarine communities play a secondary role in regulating the distribution of Tetraodontiformes. The type of sediment appears as the most important physical factor, but acts only as an indicator of ecological domain. The low explicability of physical-chemical variables, in addition to the relative stability of the bay s ichthyofauna, suggests the influence of biological parameters. The main biological factors related with the ichthyocenosis seasonal variations are food items availability, intra- and interspecific competition and the species reproductive cycles. Tetraodontiformes exhibited a wide variation of uses in Guanabara bay, utilizing it as a resting, feeding and growing area. However, it was not possible to establish a relation of dependence upon the estuary for any of the species, because the same population strata occur the in coastal regions of South-Southeastern Brazil. Among the ten species of Tetraodontiformes captured, eight were categorized as marine estuarine opportunists and two as marine stragglers. Chilomycterus spinosus population boom indicated an ecological misbalance and must be carefully investigated. Subsequent studies should adopt a population approach of these species and attempt to elucidate the relationships between estuarine and marine stocks.
Análise da secagem de pastas em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-09)
Almeida, André Ricardo Felkl de
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0168456777470325
The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to analyse the fluidynamics and the heat and mass transfer of paste drying in a spouted bed under transient operation and to obtain detailed experimental data on the disturbed response of the system due to the presence of the liquid phase. This work also comprises the application of a CST model to predict temperature and moisture profiles in both the gas and solid phases. The paste-like matter employed in the experiments was distilled water, wastewater sludge, skim milk, homogenized whole egg and calcium carbonate. For each one of these pastes, experiments were done in two different spouted bed configurations (full and half column bed) operating with different feed rates, under inlet spout air flow rate at 15 and 30 % above the minimum spouting velocity and temperatures of 80 and 100 °C. In the full column spouted bed, measurements of inlet air flow rate variations, pressure drop, inlet air temperature, particle bed temperature at three axial positions in the annulus, outlet air temperature, dry and wet bulb temperatures at the cyclone exhaust and moisture content of powder and paste coat of inert particles were done. For the half column spouted bed, measurements of inlet air flow rate variations, pressure drop, inlet and outlet air temperature, dry and wet bulb temperatures at the cyclone exhaust, particles velocities in the annulus, spout and fountain, spout channel shape and dimensions and fountain high were done. The results obtained showed that the transient operation analysis was adequate and encouraging as a means to obtain further information on the drying process in spouted bed. Among the main results of this work is the important finding that the time required for the spouted bed to reach steady state may largely vary depending on the feed flow rate and spouting characteristics. The fluidynamics analysis showed that spouting characteristics may significantly change, indicating system instability, depending on the type of paste and the concentration and flow rate of the feed. As far as the CST model is concerned, it was seen that experimental data and predicted values were in good agreement, although the drying kinetic equation was highly dependent on paste concentration and density.
Entre o "instinto" e a "falta de hábito": a psiquiatrização da sexualidade em Bom-Crioulo (1895)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-10)
Lara Neto, Oswaldo Alves
;
Escudeiro, Richard Miskolci
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623888309974862
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035347864251828
A productive dialogue marked the interaction among novelists and scientists adepts from deterministic theories in the late 19th century. We start with the contextualization of this fundamental period to history of sexuality in modern societies to realize analytical reading of Adolfo Caminha s novel, Bom-Crioulo (1895). The projects that based discourses in this period answered to the question of homoerotism like social and medical matter. In this work, we discuss like this biopolitical reading in Brazilian society was elaborated in Caminha s novel and from the jurist Francisco Viveiros de Castro, defining it in accordance with Brazilian racism.
Investigação por espectroscopia Mössbauer das fases formadas e sua influência na resistência à corrosão do aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 316L nitretado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-10)
Campos, Marcelo
;
Souza, Maristela Olzon Monteiro Dionysio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9452239672967881
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0717563036484228
The plasma nitriding is a technique that improves mechanical and tribological properties of metallic materials as hardness and wear. It improves also the corrosion resistance, because the nitrated layer is formed by phases as the metastable phase (γN), iron nitrides (ε-Fe2-3N and γ -Fe4N) and chrome nitrides. In recent paper studying nitrided AISI 316L stainless steel, we proposed an empiric model to explain the observed results: The higher the ε/γ ratio, better the corrosion resistance is. In order to test this model systematically, we produced samples with ε/γ ratio different values. So, AISI 316L stainless steel samples were nitrided under dc glow discharge, 80 vol. % H2 and 20 vol. % N2 gas mixture, at different conditions of temperature (350º, 400º and 450º C) and time intervals (3, 4 and 5 h). The produced samples were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction and Mössbauer Spectroscopy, in order to identify the phases presents in the surface layers. The layer thickness was measured by SEM (Scanning Electric Microscope). Besides Hardness Vickers measurements, corrosion performance of the samples was investigated in 3% NaCl aerated electrolytic solution. The present results could not be explained by the first empiric model. Then we proposed a new model: The sample that presents the minimum value for (fórmula) will resist better to corrosion. Besides to explain the presents results, this new model is successful with the previous results. The best condition of treatment was temperature of 400º C, during 4 h, because it produces a sample that presented the best corrosion resistance and a good hardness value.
Fatores de risco ao envolvimento materno com filhos pré-escolares : associações com estresse e burnout
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-11)
Zanfelici, Tatiane Oliveira
;
Barham, Elizabeth Joan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0269442842332108
Healthy infant development greatly depends on the quality of interactions between the children and their primary caregivers. In its turn, based on Bronfrenbrenner´s bioecological model, parental involvement is affected by the responsibilities and relationships that parents must attend to in various spheres of their lives, which can contribute to the intensification or distancing of the parent-child relationship. As such, it is hypothesized that the parents jobs can have a positive or negative influence on their children s development, depending on the frequency with which job-related demands interfere with their family involvement, generating insatisfaction and stress. The effect of such problems should be even more intense when occupational stress is extreme and chronic, leading to burnout. In view of the importance of identifying factors that can affect the quality of parental involvement, the overall objective of this study was to examine the relationships that exist among stress, burnout and parental involvement among mothers whose children attend preschool. In total, 56 working mothers were interviewed, whose children (between three and five years old) attended a public daycare for at least half days. Using instruments previously tested in other studies, measures were made of the frequency of demands in the family and work spheres and of conflicts between these demands, of the adequacy of various practical resources (support provided by their husband and other relatives) and psychological resources (work satisfaction, perception of the adequacy of their family role performance) to help them deal with these demands, and of the results of the stress process on the well-being of the mothers (stress and burnout symptoms) and on their involvement with the target child. Mothers who reported spending a greater number of hours on domestic chores had higher stress and burnout scores and made lower evaluations of the frequency of their involvement with the target child. In addition, on days with a heavy workload, the respondents reported that they had less frequent positive parenting interactions with their child, such as playing and conversing. With respect to stress and burnout, the regression analyses indicated that mothers who said that work demands interfered with their family life had lower job satisfaction at the same time that the more the mothers could allow family tasks to reduce work performance (without losing their jobs), the greater their job satisfaction. The greater the mothers job satisfaction (fewer extra demands and more flexibility) the lower their stress. Reinforcing this, mothers whose job demands interfered more frequently with their family life had less positive perceptions of the adequacy of their parental role performance and presented symptoms of burnout with a higher frequency. These results provide information that contributes to a better understanding of a critical phase in the life of working women, while their children are young, pointing to a need for a widening of the social support network of workers with children in this age group, and for the review of policies and worker s rights, so as to reduce the stress and burden felt by working parents and to promote more positive parenting involvements in the lives of their children.
Suporte social: adaptação transcultural do Social Support Appraisals e desenvolvimento socioemocional de crianças e adolescentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-11)
Squassoni, Carolina Elisabeth
;
Matsukura, Thelma Simões
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4767366263084369
The association between social support and positive results in health has been increasingly highlighted in the literature and social support has been seen as a protective factor to child development. However, most research involving social support and outcomes of health and development of children and adolescents has focused on the indirect influence of social support of parents in the development of children. The aim of this study was to identify possible correlations between the perceived social support for children and adolescents at situation of personal and social risk and their social and emotional development and as specific goals: a) the cross cultural adaptation of Brazil of the scale SOCIAL SUPPORT APPRAISALS, and b) identify associations of some variables on the perception of social support of children and adolescents on the self-assessment the child with regard to their development and the parents evaluation of socioemocional development of their children. To achieve the proposed objectives were carried out two studies. The Study 1 involved a crosscultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the SOCIAL SUPPORT APPRAISALS and the Study 2 answered by the study of correlation. Were participants of Study 1, 218 children and adolescents and 10 graduated professionals. We performed the following analysis: Cronbach's Alpha, Factor Analysis and Analysis of Variance. The results pointed to an index of internal consistency to the general scale of 0,74, the factor analysis confirmed the proposed structure with four factors (family, friends, teachers and others), by analysis of variance were found significant differences in the perception of social support of according to grade and gender and age and grade of participants. In the Study 2 participated 51 children and adolescents aged between 11 and 13 years and their parents. Children and adolescents were linked to non-governmental institutions that provide support services to children and adolescents in situations of personal and social risk. Instruments used to collect data were the Brazilian version of the SOCIAL SUPPORT APPRAISALS, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Identification and Characterization of the Child and the Criterion of Economic Classification Brazil. Tests were carried out on the Pearson correlation analysis of the Pearson correlation, Analysis of variance and Analysis Group. The results indicated that the higher the perceived of total social support, less the symptoms of problems presented by children and adolescents, in addition to that there were other variables associated with results of mental health and level of social support of the participants, such as school repetition, the degree of parental education, among others.
A política educacional do primeiro governo petista de São Carlos (2001-2004)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-11)
Silva, Ana Paula Rodrigues da
;
Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2733607444927358
This dissertation discusses the educational policy implemented by the first Workers Party s government in the municipality of São Carlos (SP), from 2001 to 2004. Our objective was to evaluate how much that policy contributed towards the democratization of education in the city, in order to help the construction of a public, free and high-quality school for everyone. First of all, we tried to situate our research object in the historical context of the democratization of education in Brazil, which has occurred, in a more effective way, since the military regime (1964-1985). We also considered the Workers Party s program for education and its experience during some emblematic municipal administrations. This documentary research was performed based on the following source materials: articles from a newspaper and official documents from the City Hall of São Carlos. The description of the educational policy implemented by the Workers Party s government in the city was carried out based on the five guide-lines for education formulated by the party on the municipal level: democratization of school access, democratization of educational management, improvement on teaching s quality, adult education and inclusive education. Actions were developed to the benefit of the democratization of access to early childhood education, such as enlargement and construction of schools and accords between the City Hall and philanthropic day care centers. About the democratic management of education, elections for school principals were done, Municipal Conferences of Education were set up, school councils were created and the Municipal Council of Education was revitalized. Escolas do Futuro buildings with a computer room and a library were built, continuous formation courses for teachers were offered and the discussion regarding the Municipal Teaching Statute s reformation was started. The adult education programs MOVA and Brasil Alfabetizado were introduced, and schools were prepared to receive students with special educational necessities. In spite of all the advancement achieved when compared to the previous situation, we concluded that the objectives of the Workers Party s first government in São Carlos towards education were only partially reached, and that more actions could have been done in order to make the democratization of education s process improve in the city.
Desempenho de meios filtrantes na remoção de partículas nanométricas de aerossóis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-12)
Feitosa, Natália dos Reis
;
Coury, José Renato
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8001225323703772
The interest of studies on the development of techniques for removal of particles in the nanosized scale was promoted by concern about air quality and human health, in addition to restrictions on the control of ultrafine particles, wich are more intransigent by environmental laws. Additionally, the increasing application of nanoparticles in various areas of science and technology has stimulated the development of studies on the subject. Amongst the several equipments capable to operate with efficiency on the particle removal, the fibrous filters are distinguished. Such filters are, in principle, capable to act in sub-micrometer scale, but there is little information about its performance in the nano-sized scale. In this work the performance of a polyester filter, of a HEPA cellulose filter, of a quartz microfiber filter and also of cylindrical filtering membrane, provided by Pam-Membranas Seletivas Ltda, were evaluated. The experimental system was able to simulate a contamination of nanometric particles in a stream of ultrapure air, with the aim of investigating the efficiency of filter media in the removal of nanoparticles. The test aerosol was constituted by NaCl polydisperse nanoparticles, ranging from 6.15 to 245.1 nm. The performance of the filter was evaluated through the analysis of the efficiency of removal of nanoparticles, for the counting of particles before and after to cross the filtering media, using the electric mobility technique. This procedure was performed using the TSI Scannig Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), model 3936, which provides the particles concentration, in size range. The results, in general, have showed that the filter media loses efficiency with the increasing filtration velocity and increasing particle size, in the ranged studied, indicating the typical behavior of difusional mechanism. The filtering membranes have showed better performance in the removal of particles unlike the others filters analysed there was no tendency to increase the penetration of particles with increasing the velocity of filtration or particle diameter.
Fluidodinâmica de leitos fluidizados e vibrofluidizados operando com partículas planas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-12)
Lima, Renata de Aquino Brito
;
Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5050641829811424
The use of fluidized beds as a unit operation for drying of particulate materials is common in industrial processes. However, most works published in the literature, focus the drying of uniform particles, in a narrow range of size distribution. The appealing characteristics of fluidization for drying led some authors to suggest its use for drying of particles of low sphericity (_ < 0.5), which are out of the range of usually fluidized particles. Aiming to contribute for the assessment of fluid dynamic behavior of this class of particles, in the present work was investigated the fluidization of flat particles, with _ varying from 0.063 up to 0.574, bulk density (b) from 0.038 to 0.923 g.cm-3 and ratios Ap/Vp (superficial area to volume) between 12 and 226 cm-1. The essays were carried out in a fluidized bed with a height of 0.30 m, and cross section of 0.20 m x 0.11 m, which could be also operated as a vibro-fluidized bed. The tests aimed to investigate the effects of size, shape and specific mass of particles in fluidization and fluid-dynamic behavior of such particles. Vibro-fluidization was tested as an alternative to improve fluidization patterns. Fluid dynamic characteristic curves of P as a function of air velocity were also obtained for the fixed beds in order to evaluate the resistive parameters of these beds as a way to quantify their resistance to the air flow. Tests were conducted using 14 different particulate materials, 9 of them being natural particles (leafs, seeds and cereals) and 5 being manufactured particles. The use of manufactured particles allowed to minimize size distribution and shape variations that are inherent to the natural products, avoiding interfering effects that might complicate an initial analysis. The fluid dynamic behavior was investigated through experimental curves of _P versus U and visual observation of the beds. The results showed that only the particles with sphericity around 0.5 and low ratios Ap/Vp presented homogeneous fluidization patterns, similar to the observed in fluidization of conventional particles. In fluidization of particles with _ 0.228 were observed poor fluidization patterns and highly non-homogeneous beds. The values of bulk porosity of static beds were higher than 80% for the beds constituted by leaves, and stayed between 30 and 70% for the remaining particles. The values of _b and _mf tended to decrease as the values of Ar increased, while Pmf tended to increase and Umf showed no clear dependence of Ar. The use of vibration did not reduce significantly the values of Umf and did not improve much the quality of fluidization as well, excepting for the particles of higher sphericity (around 0.5). But for some conditions obtained as fluidizing rigid particles, with large superficial areas, the vibration did provoke the alignment of particles into the beds, leading to a packing in which the contact area between particle and fluid is optimized, which might be interesting as drying applications are concerned.
A representação literária da educação brasileira na transição do século XIX para o século XX : a perspectiva de José Lins do Rêgo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-12)
Carlos, Erika Michela
;
Bittar, Marisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6727773492434012
This study is about the literary works by José Lins do Rêgo. Its objective is to apprehend the Brazilian society at the transition moment between the 19th and 20th centuries. As a consequence, it also reveals the author s view regarding education in Brasil, which the author had access to. The Literature was approached as an auxiliary source to the History of Education, with the intention of interpreting and explaining the multiple and complex expressions that resulted from the dialectic interactions and educational actions and Brazilian society. Therefore the literary works by José Lins do Rêgo are part of the primary sources, more specifically those that belong to the Sugar Cane Cycle - Ciclo da Canade- Açúcar: Menino de engenho, Doidinho, Banguê, O moleque Ricardo, Usina and Fogo morto. Due to the fact that theses literary works present particular potential for the study of the history of Brazilian education the choice is justified. Some extracts were selected, which portray the thematic Brazilian education in the transition between centuries. These extracts were analyzed considering as reference educational historiographical works. Such analysis was based on a Marxist view where the social environment and textual structure influence each other in constructing the works in a dialectic movement which understand art and society. It was possible to conclude through research that a negative view of education can be perceived: elitist education, reserved only for the sons of the elite, which excluded the poor boys and girls. The ladies from the elite were educated to guarantee social attributes, which prepared them to take on a social function, that is, to be wives and mothers. Therefore, José Lins do Rêgo presents a posthumous perspective of the Brazilian education within the context studied, which seems to be influenced by demands of changes in the school. This period is marked by other aspects, such as the emergence of the Manifest - Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Escola Nova.
Hidrodinâmica e transferência de oxigênio em três biorreatores Airlift de circulação interna geometricamente semelhantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-12)
Cerri, Marcel Otávio
;
Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7999741482353508
Internal-loop airlift reactors (ALR) are a special class of pneumatic reactors. The use of this type of reactor has been attractive for chemical and biological reactions because of their simple construction without moving parts and low energy costs when compared with stirred tank reactors. In the present work, a study related to hydrodynamic and oxygen transfer in three geometrically similar scales of internal tube airlift bioreactors (2, 5, and 10 L) was conducted. The aim was to obtain useful information for further studies related to the scale-up of such reactor configuration. The gas hold-up, circulation time, mixing time, volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, average shear rate, and mean bubble diameter of the air bubbles were evaluated in order to achieve a better comprehension of the hydrodynamic and mass transfer in airlift bioreactors. Values of gas hold-up and oxygen transfer were obtained for the three scales of ALR utilizing eight Newtonian and five non-Newtonian fluids. The superficial gas velocity and liquid viscosity had opposite effects with same order of magnitude. General correlations based on the dimensional analysis were proposed to relate global gas hold-up (ε) and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) to the geometrical parameters of the system, physical properties of the Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids, and superficial gas velocity. The correlations presented excellent fittings to the experimental data obtained for the three scales of ALR. The influence of the reactor internal diameter on the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient was considered positive showing that in largerscale reactors an appropriate oxygen transfer can be reached under smaller aeration conditions. New methodologies to estimate the mean bubble size (dB) and average shear rate ( m γ& ) in the three scales of ALR were proposed. The semi-theoretical method to estimate dB was based on Higbie´s penetration theory using experimental data of ε and kLa. The methodology for evaluating the m γ& in ALRs was developed for non-Newtonian systems. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient was chosen as the appropriate characteristic parameter. The results of dB and m γ& obtained by the proposed methods are in agreement with the experimental values found in the literature. The effect of shear rate on clavulanic acid (CA) production by Streptomyces clavuligerus was examined both in a stirred tank bioreactor (STR) of 4 L and in an ALR of 6 L working volume, respectively, based on experimental data of the literature. Results showed that CA production was positively affected by shear conditions. In addition, the ALR presented values of m γ& higher than those found in a STR operated under the same oxygen transfer conditions.
A tecnologia assistiva como recurso à inclusão escolar de crianças com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-13)
Alves, Ana Cristina de Jesus
;
Matsukura, Thelma Simões
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297232372201541
The child s school life with major motor involvement at ordinary school has been discussed together with the possible strategies that can collaborate to the participation and learning of this student. One of the indicated strategies has been the use of assistive technology resources to benefit the performance of the pedagogical tasks and, consequently, help the child s apprenticeship. The literature of this field points the necessity of characterization through scientific studies the assistive technology contributions in the writing and communication tasks inside the classroom. The objective of this study was to identify the effects in assistive technology use in the context of the cerebral palsy student from his perception, his teachers and his tutor. The participants were five students with cerebral palsy, motor levels IV and V according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System for Cerebral Palsy - GMFCS, from ordinary fundamental school for cerebral palsy, users of assistive technology resource in communication and writing school tasks. The teacher and the main tutor of each student were also participants. The instruments used to collect data were the GMFCS, used to classify the motor level of the participants and semi structured interviews realized with the students, teachers and tutors. The data were analyzed starting with the technique of Discourse of the Collective Subject. The study revealed that the children, teachers and tutors who participated recognized the assistive technology resources as an auxiliary resource in production, participation and, consequently benefit the process of these students school life. Notwithstanding, the participants pointed some restrictions brought by the resource and its own context that the use of school inclusion is being realized.
Purificação e caracterização bioquímica de substâncias bioativas produzidas por endofítico isolado de Prunus spp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-13)
Serrano, Nadja Fernanda Gonzaga
;
Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3313420666550077
Bioprospective studies of endophytic microorganisms for biotechnological applications are essentials to discovery new substances, which can be used in different areas. Endophytes represent an excellent source of bioactive natural products with chemical structure and biological activities diverses. An endophytic microorganism, isolated from leaves of Prunus spp. (Cerrado of Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil), showed antagonic potential against important pathogen in Public Health. The endophytic microorganism was phenotipic and genetic identified like a Paenibacillus polymyxa and it was given the strain designation RNC-D. The fresh brut extract showed maximum antimicrobial potency of 800 AU.mL-1 against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (48 hours of culture) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (120 hours of culture). The bioactive substances contained on extract kept bioactivity after enzymatic assay with proteases and lipase, pH variation from 2.0 to 9.0, thermic treatment using low (-80, - 20 ºC) and high temperatures (100, 121 ºC) against both microorganisms tested. The molecular weight of bioactive substances against E. coli was estimated by ultrafiltration as smaller than 1 kDa, while the bioactive compounds against S. aureus have the molecular weight between 1 and 2 kDa. It was possible to separate the bioactive substances contained in the extract produced by P. polymyxa RNC-D using chromatographic technique (HPLC). Three new molecules, with molecular weight 403, 420 and 425 Da were identified in bioactive peak (eluted in 22% of solution 20 mM TRIS + 1 M NaCl) against E. coli using LC-MS. This research will be continued to determinate the antimicrobial spectrum of the purified molecules, as well as to evaluate the potential application areas.
Ação da laserterapia de baixa intensidade (830nm) na regeneração muscular de ratos idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-13)
Rodrigues, Natalia Camargo
;
Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8670098348397578
The elderly still go through physical changes, especially musculoskeletal disorders such as sarcopenia, changes in central and peripheral nervous system, blood hypoperfusion, regenerative changes contributing to atrophy and muscle weakness, undermining the activities of daily living (AVL). The regenerative process happens about the determination, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells through activation of muscle-specific genetic program, which is regulated by specific transcription factors, known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). But in the elderly because of changes in skeletal muscle-activation of MRFs are inefficient, hindering the process of regeneration. However, recent findings showed very promising results of low laser therapy (LLT) in muscle regeneration, but the effects of this therapy when associated with aging are still unknown. This project aims to evaluate the effects of (LLT), λ = 830nm, the tibial muscle of aged rats after cryolesioning. We used 56 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7) of young rats from 3 months to 4 groups (n = 7) of aged rats, 10 months, divided into control groups (C), groups in which the right Tibialis anterior muscle (TA) was only irradiated (I), groups in which the AT was submitted to cryolesioning (CL) and groups where the TA muscle cryolesioning and was subjected to irradiation (LI). Treatment with the laser model of the DMC, Class 3B, energy of 0.87 J, was performed every 24 h for five consecutive days, with the first application 24 hours after induction of injury. On the sixth day after injury, with the animals anesthetized and the TA muscle was carefully dissected and removed, and then the animals were euthanaziated. We carried out histological analysis of the area of the lesion with toluidine blue, and counting of blood capillaries with hematoxylin-eosin. Through analysis by RT-PCR, it was possible to analyze the expression of MyoD and VEGF genes. The results showed that there was significant increase (p <0.05) of the expression of MyoD gene, VEGF gene and capillary blood count of more prominent in elderly victims and irradiated groups than in the young. Probably the LLT increased the maturation of satellite cells into myoblasts and miotubos, enhancing the regenerative process of aged rats irradiated.
Ensino de discriminações condicionais e avaliação de desempenhos emergentes em autistas com reduzido repertório verbal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-13)
Varella, André Augusto Borges
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8928084949164132
The autism disorder is characterized by a developmental disability witch implies in severe impacts in many areas of development. One of the basic features of the autism is the impairments on language development. Considering that language is symbolic behavior and that stimulus equivalence paradigm allows a specification of symbolic behavior, the present study uses stimulus equivalence paradigm to study equivalence class formation in minimally verbal individuals with autism. In the Study 1, the generalized identity matching was investigated in five individuals with autism. The participants had the verbal and discriminative repertoires assessed by the ABLLS, PPVT-R and ABLA tests. Identity matching tasks were conducted on computer with varied sets of stimuli. Four participants (P2, P3, P4 and P5) mastered the criterion for a variety of sets and demonstrate generalized identity watching. In the Study 2, the four participants whom demonstrate generalized identity matching were taught the visualvisual arbitrary conditional relations AB and CB. All the visual stimuli were abstract forms. Two individuals (P4 and P5) did not achieve the criterion established for the AB relation, despite extensive training. P2 and P3 achieved the baseline relations and equivalence class formation was assessed, showing positive results for both participants. The results obtained show how programmed teaching promotes the acquirement of conditional discriminations and the demonstration of symbolic behavior by autistic individuals with minimal verbal repertoires.
Subsídios para elaboração e utilização de material didático de língua estrangeira para a terceira idade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-13)
Scopinho, Raquel Albano
;
Silva, Ademar da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9028512631572133
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8317696376557854
Through the investigation of the English teaching/learning process in two third age universities and through the presentation of the profile of these age group learners, we aim to provide contributions for further developing materials for foreign language teaching which are focused on the referred age group. Bearing in mind that this issue demands knowledge not only of the teaching/learning process, but also the aspects related to the alterations which occur during the ageing process, the theoretical support of this research relies on the Applied Linguistics and Gerontology knowledge. The analyzed data show some aspects to be considered during the development and use of such classroom materials. These aspects are: the loss of visual and hearing acuity, the memory ability of these learners and beliefs related to this subject, the question of the elderly language, the presence of yesterday in their speech, among other factors which are related to ageing process. Besides these aspects, we stress the benefits of a social and cognitively motivating environment for the development and maintenance of the elderly physical and mental abilities. Another fact to be considered is the necessity of overcoming possible stereotyped or prejudiced ideas, or even images of the elderly and the old age which are currently used in society, mainly when it refers to the process of knowledge acquisition and to the foreign language teaching/learning process. This research results in proposals to the use and development of didactic materials for foreign language to the third age students.
Elementos para avaliação da maturidade de sistemas de medição de desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-13)
Araujo Junior, Ivan Cavalcante
;
Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3900699694798960
A performance measurement system is an essential element of management system of any organization to support the achievement of its objectives. Major changes in financial markets, customers' demands, and the social environment, it is vital to the organizations to implement an effective performance measurement system capable to keep update to such changes. The response to these changes lead to implementation of new management practices which changes the performance measurement system to other maturity levels in terms of performance measures, infra-structure (gathering, storing, sorting, analyzing, interpreting and disseminating data), usage, and people. Hence, this dissertation aimed to investigate empirically what are the dimensions of performance measurement system maturity in organizations which implemented the State of São Paulo Quality Award. Two case study were carried out in companies which are winners of such quality award. The main empirical findings point out to the following dimensions of performance measurement system maturity: planning, performance measures, infra-structure, people, usage, and information technology. Those dimensions of performance measurement system have changed in the two studied companies after the implementation of excellence model of the State of São Paulo Quality Award with the introduction of new management practices.