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Estudo da fauna de Hymenoptera parasitóides associados a hortas orgânicas e da utilização de extratos vegetais no controle de Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-25)
Onody, Helena Carolina
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4570932641664551
This work aimed to study the Hymenoptera parasitoids fauna in organic crops areas and the insecticidal activity of plant extracts from Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae) and Coriandrum sativum (Apiaceae) and the latex of Euphorbia milii (Euphorbiaceae) on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae). During March 2006 to February 2007 twelve samples were performed using Malaise traps in each of the three studied organic crop areas. Immature Lepidoptera were also collected to verify the emergence of parasitoids. A total of 46,231 specimens, identified in 28 families were collected by Malaise trap. The most representative were Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Ichneumonoidea), Eulophidae, Mymaridae and Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea), Scelionidae (Platygastroidea) and Figitidae (Cynipoidea). Twenty-two subfamilies of Braconidae were identified, Microgastrinae being the most abundant in the three locations sampled. Seventeen subfamilies of Ichneumonidae were recognized and, in the three farms, the Campopleginae and Cremastinae were the most abundant. The genera Lysiphlebus, Opius, Dolichozele and Aleiodes were the most abundant of the 81 Braconidae genus identified. The results showed that the practice organic farming has positive effects on the abundance, richness and diversity Hymenoptera parasitoids fauna, but the results varied according to taxonomic level used and the type of management performed. The Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Ichneumonoidea), Eulophidae and Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea) were the most important parasitoids reared from the immature Lepidoptera hosts. New information on the associations between hosts and parasitoids were obtained for Hypomicrogaster (Braconidae, Microgastrinae) parasitizing larvae of Hellula phidilealis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), Eiphosoma (Cremastinae, Ichneumonidae) parasitizing larvae of Diaphania hyalinata (Pyralidae, Lepidoptera) and Colpotrochia (Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae) parasitizing larvae of Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The tests performed with different concentrations of Allamanda cathartica and Coriandrum sativum extracts and Euphorbia milii latex affected the larval Plutella xylostella mortality.
Processamento, caracterização e determinação do perfil de polarização do Poli(fluoreto de vinilideno)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-25)
Silva, Aline Bruna da
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Gregório Filho, Rinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5968244801228229
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6539169612758835
This work characterized the ferroelectric polarization of the β-PVDF differentiating the individual contributions of the orientation and the crystalline phases in the remanent polarization of the PVDF. Those contributions are not known separately, because until recently the loop hysteresi was obtained only to β- PVDF from stretching the α phase films. Unoriented films exclusively in the β phase were obtained from the crystallization of PVDF from solution with N,N-dimethyl formamide at temperatures below 70ºC, some of these films were uniaxialy stretched. Also were obtained films from the uniaxial stretching of the PVDF-α from Bemberg- Folien GmbH at 80ºC and 150ºC and still unoriented samples from Bemberg in α phase, (α+β) samples from Piezotech and β sample were obtained by electrospinning. The crystalline phase, orientation and dielectric properties of the samples were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dielectric spectroscopy. The ferroelectric characterization was done by ramp voltage technique, in this method the electric field is applied in the form of ramps, i.e, with the relationship dE/dt equal to a constant (k). The numbers of the voltage ramps, of same polarity or reverse, is controlled, making possible the application of an arbitrary sequence of ramps, therefore the dependence of the polarization with the field can be determined in order and obtain the hysteresis loop. Through the relation between structural and ferroelectric characteristics of the samples proved that origin of permanent polarization is in the crystalline phase. The role of the interface among amorphous and crystalline phase in the metaestable polarization of the PVDF was also studied.
Investigação do potencial alelopático de Pittosporum undulatum Vent
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-26)
Carpanezzi, Fernando Bertol
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4260955905318492
Pittosporum undulatum Vent., an Australian tree implicated in supression of tree recruiment in many ecosystems, is found invading secondary Araucaria forests in subtropical Brazil. The first chapter of this study aimed to investigate the role of allelopathy in the invasive proccess, accessing germination and growth of Bauhinia forficata Link. in presence of secondary metabolites from cheesewood leaves. Leachates in concentrations of 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% (w/v), extracts from dry material (10%; 7,5%; 5% and 2,5%) and coumarin solutions (2,5 mM; 1,25 mM; 0,625 mM and 0,3125 mM) were prepared. Petri-dishes germination bioassays, with countings done at each 12 hours, allowed to determinate both germinabilty and germination rate; polyethylene glicol (PEG 6000) solutions were used to evaluate osmotic effects. For seedlings growth, the three highest concentrations of each solution were tested and after seven days root and shoot lenght were measured. While germinability was only sensitive to extracts from dry material, the germination rate showed a dose-dependent curve for all solutions. In seedlings, roots were the most sensitive structure and severe morfo-anatomic anomalies were observed. The main purpose of the second chapter was to investigate the use of Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (cheesewood) leaves as a possible sustainable alternative for barnyard grass control. Leachates in concentrations of 20%; 15%; 10%; 5% and 2,5% (w/v), aqueous extracts from powdered leachated and non- eachated leaves (10%; 7,5%; 5%; 2,5% and 1,25%), coumarin solutions (2,5 mM; 1,25 mM; 0,625 mM and 0,3125 mM) and Roundup Original® according to label informations were prepared. Polyethylene glycol were also used. Both germinability and germination rate were determined by germination biossays, with countings done at each 12 hours. In growth experiments, seedlings were exposed for seven days, when root and shoot length were measured. All solutions, with exception of coumarins, caused only small inhibitory effects on germination. In relation to the growth, all treatments but control caused necrose, absence of hairs and dose-dependent lenght reduction in radicles. Hipocotiles were affected by phenolic compound, extracts from non-leachated leaves and gliphosate. Although the allelopathic effects, ecophisiological aspects relative to Pittosporum undulatum still need to be cleared before its leaves can be used as a herbicide.
Equações de BBM-Burgers generalizadas: resultados de existência e convergência de soluções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-26)
Webler, Claudete Matilde
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Kondo, Cezar Issao
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0900348462714778
Efeito do hidrolisado de peixe na supressividade do solo para o controle do amarelo (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi) do gengibre em experiência agroecológica em Tapiraí-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-26)
Conci, Luiz Gustavo Arcaro
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Bettiol, Wagner
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4210103622262979
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9393446119442643
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of fish hydrolysed in soil suppression against ginger yellow caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi, in a property in Tapirai, SP with no use of fungicides. Fish hydrolysed was applied directly in the soil at 0, 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 l/ha in two different periods. The development and productivity of plants, microbial soil activity (carbon of microbial biomass, respiration, hydrolise of fluorescein diacetate, and fungi and bacteria populations) and disease incidence was evaluated 10, 70, 140, 190, and 240 days after the first application, except productivity. There were no effects of fish hydrolyzed on plant development, yield, and microbiological activity. On the other hand, it was observed a reduction in the incidence of Fusarium, when the fungus was isolated from rhizomes in petri dish and selective media. The price reduction of ginger in the local market at the last two year and the increase of disease incidence, associated with the cost of control, led the growers to a severe reduction of capitalization and disappointment with the future of the agriculture in the region.
Formação de intelectuais negros e negras : a experiência de assessores/as educacionais para assuntos da comunidade negra no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-26)
Souza, Erivelto Santiago
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Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0377163413789753
The present research - Formation of black intellectualls: the experience of educational Advisors to the Black comunnity issues in the State of São Paulo was conducted under the Line Search Social Practices and Educational Processes that is part of Post-Graduate Program in Education at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (PPGE/UFSCar); under the Research Group Social Practices and Educational Processes ; and under Center for Studies Afro-Brazilian (NEAB/UFSCar). The research aims to describe and understand educational processes in social practice to combat racism experienced by Advisors to the Black comunnity issues who were forming themselves as black intellectuals when they performed their duties with the Department of Education in the State of São Paulo in 80´s. The research is anchored in the study of education and ethnic-racial relations in Brazil, as well as theoretical references of the Line Search "Social Practices and Educational Processes". The key concepts of this study are Social Practices in the Educational Process; Black Movement and Education; Tackling racism in education. The deepening of the theoretical concepts are given from studies of Pedagogy and Philosophy of Liberation, particularly those submitted by Paulo Freire and Enrique Dussel. The theory was further from the studies of social movements from the perspective of Alain Touraine and Maria da Glória Gohn; combat racism in education from the studies of Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e Silva and Luiz Alberto Oliveira Gonçalves, which takes the debate on intellectual black. The research investigated the action of the Working Group for Afro-Brazilian Affairs (GTAAB) who worked with the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo between the years 1986 and 1989, and developed policies and educational projects to combat racism. Seeking reveal the processes of formation of Advisors as intellectuals, we chose a position based on Phenomenology. As methodological procedures, the researcher was used to consult the documents, conversations and semi-structured interviews with participants in the research. Interviews were conducted with five persons: four of them were part of the GTAAB and one of them did not participate directly, but has closely followed the activities of this Group. Data analysis indicates an action of the Advisors educational: at the moment that they develop its activities with the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo, they sought articulate knowledge offered by their areas of training with those offered by participation in civil society groups, particularly those dedicated to ethnic-racial issue. To do that, they took positions which may be expressed thus: write together, teach and learn from each other, learn from the adversity, being together and doing together.
Transformação de cicloexano e metilcicloexano sobre as zeólitas HMCM-22, HZSM-5 e HUSY rendimento e seletividade a hidrocarbonetos leves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-27)
Scherer, Ediane Karine
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9813717046378404
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
In Brazil, the oil production with high naphthenic hydrocarbon (HC) content and the hard growing for the petrochemical market have led to the necessity to maximize the production of light HC (in special light olefins). The new technologies must involve the use of acid catalysts that have high activity and selectivity. In despite of the naphthenic HC make part of the feed of the FCC reactor, few studies have been devoted to their transformations on HUSY and HZSM-5 zeolites, main active components of the FCC catalysts, and also on the MCM-22 zeolite. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane transformations on the above mentioned zeolites. The MCM-22 was hydrothermally synthesized under static conditions and in the case of USY and ZSM-5 zeolites, commercial samples were used. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X ray diffraction, chemical analysis, nitrogen sorption, scanning electron microscopy, and evaluated in the cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane transformation at 400 oC, with after carbon analysis. The studied zeolites were active in the studied reactions, nevertheless, the conversion, yield and selectivity to light HC were dependent on the zeolite structure, number and strength of the acid sites and the external area. The HUSY zeolite, due to their higher aluminum content, showed higher activity with high yield to isomerization products. On the contrary, on the HZSM-5 zeolite the cracking products were favored with high selectivity to propane and butane. On the base of their structural and textural properties, the HMCM-22 zeolite showed a mixture of cracking and isomerization products. The selectivity to light olefins (C2=, C3= and C4=) was higher on the HZSM-5 zeolite, in which the bimolecular reactions of hydrogen transference were not favored due to the steric restrictions imposed by their microporous, which are smaller in diameter. The microporous structure was determinant in the zeolite deactivation by coke formation.
Distribuição da comunidade de epífitos vasculares em diferentes sítios na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, Iperó, SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-27)
Bataghin, Fernando Antonio
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1364436595052131
Despite the importance of vascular epiphytes to depict the degree of local preservation, there is little research on this subject. The present research was performed in the National Forest of Ipanema (UTM 7.422.000 and 7.390.000 S; 216.000 and 248.000 W in the zone 23 south), located in the Munnicipality of Iperó, State of São Paulo, Brasil, and aimed to characterize the vascular epiphytic community, analyzing their vertical distribution and the correlation between different sites. Three sites were considered, the first in an open area, the second at the forest border and the third inside the forest. From each one 90 assorted trees with DBH ≥ 20 cm were sampled. The surveyed trees were divided into three tree strata: low trunk, high trunk, and canopy. Frequency and diversity parameters based on the occurrence of epiphytes in the strata and in the assorted trees were estimated. In the survey 21 species of 14 genera in five families were found. Two Bromeliaceae, Tillandsia recurvata and T. tricholepis, presented the highest importance values. The Shannon index of diversity was 2.272 (nats) for the whole epiphytic community. Holoepiphytes were the dominant type. High trunk was the most diverse stratum, followed by canopy and low trunk. The statistical analysis showed significant difference between the sites of open area and forest border, and between the sites of open area and inner forest, but there was no significant difference between the sites of forest border and inner forest. In the analysis of assorted trees, 38 tree species belonging to 37 genera and 20 families were identified; the index of Shannon for assorted trees was 2.835 (nats). The species that hosted the highest number of epiphytic species (11 species) and presented the largest absolute value (AV = 882) was Tipuana tipu (Fabaceae). The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between assorted tree species in the various sites and also showed no relationship between epiphytic species and assorted tree species. The data of this study highlight the importance of these abiotic factors in limiting the development of epiphytes, and specially the importance of disturbances of human origin in the differences in composition and distribution of the vascular epiphytic between sites.
Fatores críticos da competitividade da cadeia produtiva da carne bovina do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-27)
Rosa, Fabiano Ribeiro Tito
;
Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
Brazil is the main player in the beef world market. Among Brazilian States, Sao Paulo is in the first position in terms of exportation and second position in terms of production. However, the market share of the state has been decreasing, and larger investments are taking place in the Center-North region of the country. Through a survey of statistics and interviews with beef experts, this study identified the critical aspects of the competitiveness of the beef agri-chain in the State of Sao Paulo. In comparison with domestic competitors (other States), the limited supply of resources and inputs (areas of pasture, livestock and grains), the comparatively high costs of production and the tax between States ( war tax ) adversely affect the competitiveness of the beef agri-chain in the State of Sao Paulo. The conditions of the logistic and infrastructure, the access to production technology and the level of firms management are favorable factors for the Sao Paulo competitiveness. In comparison with foreign competitors, some factors that were unfavorable the supply of resources/inputs and the costs of production began to positively affect the competitiveness of the state. In another hand, the level of technology and management, for example, now began to negatively affect the results of this beef agri-chain. Food safety deserves special attention, because Brazil health status (including São Paulo) prevent the access of Brazilian in natura beef to more than a half of the world market. The actions to increase the competitiveness of the beef agri-chain of São Paulo must act in order to: minimize the tax cost for the entry of raw materials (grain and livestock) in the state, reduce risk and improve the health status of the state; maximize the logistical and infrastructural advantages of the State (the experts that were interviewed showed the need for improvements in the port of Santos) and allocate resources to areas of R&D that seek, among the industries, the development of products with higher added value and, among the producers, new technologies to enhance economic and technical efficiency of intensive production (new use of the waste, optimizing the use of machinery, crop-livestock integration and implementation of management systems, for example).
Carne e bits: reflexões sobre a indiscernibilidade das fronteiras entre mentes e máquinas e os sistemas cognitivos híbridos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-27)
Guimarães, André Sathler
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Teixeira, João de Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8864985279295912
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9394532830433721
The thesis main goal is to analyze the various forms of relationship between subjects and technical-objects, with emphasis on the use of digital computers and, particularly, softwares called smart agents. The thesis analyzes the space and its qualitative changes in actuality, from the concept of space as a human production, analyzing how the changes underway in the environment affect our subjectivities and, conversely, how we affect our environments. There are presented arguments about the possibilities of survival for the naked man in these new spaces, unless it is properly updated with the latest technology - sensory and motor prostheses. There is a discussion about the use of space as a part of the thought process and about the abstract space par excellence, the virtual worlds. From the discussions of space, the thesis proposes reflections about the body that will be included in these new spaces. There is presented a pattern for the use of artifacts by man and its effects on subjectivity. The body that is increasingly appropriating technical-objects, prosthetic body, establishing new relationships with technology and is a parabiotic system. Then, the thesis discusses the pattern applied to the use of intangible technical-objects (software). There are two conceptual proposals, about the possibility of considering the smart agents as one of the layers of dennett s model of consciousness (multiple drafts model). The second proposal, similar in approach, shows that smart agents can be considered as modules under the model of conscience of Fodor. The thesis brings thoughts about the possibility of considering smart agents as autonomous and independent the Artificial Intelligence. It presents a conceptual proposal, which is the definition of objective states that may not be objectively treated, as a possible root to the possibility of autonomy in computing machines. The conclusions of the thesis indicate a growing difficulty in discerning the boundaries between minds and digital machines, in a world of hybrids cognitive systems.
Inclusão escolar de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais : práticas e perspectivas de terapeutas ocupacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-27)
Cardoso, Paula Tatiana
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Matsukura, Thelma Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5808878063416033
More importance is being attributed to the inclusion of children with special needs in the general school education system in Brazil. In this context, there has been increased discussion regarding the use of several different knowledge fields in the elaboration and execution of child-inclusive working practices. This study s objective is to identify and characterize, in the occupational therapists point of view, the working practices used by Occupational Therapy professionals in the process of including special needs children in general school, in the State of São Paulo. The study also tried to identify strategies and actions that could be used and reinforced in this context. A survey was designed and applied, collecting data from 127 occupational therapists that work or have worked with child inclusion and who are members of the Regional Counsel of Phisioterapy and Occupational Therapy of the State of São Paulo, Crefito-3. The survey was designed by the researcher using previous studies as a reference, was submitted to the analysis of external senior professionals and professors, and was pilot-tested with a sample of occupational therapists. Three strategies were adopted in the data-collection process: sending the survey through mail, electronic mail or collecting the responses via an internet site. The data collected was subjected to descriptive-exploratory analysis and correlation analysis. The main results obtained indicate that occupational therapists that become involved in the child-inclusion process: a) get involved with child-inclusion through the medical environment, in clinics; b) work in the general education system; c) involve the family of the children and other healthcare professionals in the process; d) identify the lack of knowledge of teachers and of the school in general as the greatest single obstacle in their work, and e) recognize as high the impact occupational therapists can have in the child-inclusion process in general schools.
Comportamento verbal sob controle de estímulos encobertos em indivíduos com atraso no desenvolvimento intelectual : estudos exploratórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-27)
Chereguini, Paulo Augusto Costa
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8435125810392522
This study aimed to develop the procedure for study and analysis of the covert event and to verify verbal behavior emergency under covert stimulus control. Two children and two adolescents with intellectual disabilities, students at a specialized institution, were submitted to matching to sample tasks. Preliminarily, some preferred edibles were selected for each participant and then conditioned reinforcing value of tokens was taught to make it possible to use them as teaching consequences. There was an array of experimental procedures involving two stimulus sets: set A, composed by dictated words and set B, by pictures. There was also set A composed by participants spoken words. Sets A and B were composed by four stimuli. The experimental design consisted of (1) teaching relations AB and BA , (2) teaching arbitrary relations B3B1 and B4B2 and testing symmetry, and (3) testing relations A4A 2 and A3A 1. When systematic incorrect responses were observed during relations B3B1 and B4B2 teaching, blocked trial procedure was applied. Other additional teaching procedures consisted of withdrawing the S-, teaching symmetry (B1B3 and B2B4) and providing verbal cues. However, even after applying these additional procedures, performance were above criterion, characterized by instability and deterioration. The literature emphasizes the difficulties in teaching conditional discriminations with visual stimuli for participants with intellectual disabilities. The results lead to a discussion of the intervenient variables, such as: i. Difficulties found by persons with intellectual disabilities in the matching to sample procedure; ii. What type of instruction should be given by the experimenter to help them perform the task and have access to consequences; iii. The computer as a resource to present the tasks; iv. The modality of stimuli and stimulus relations; v. Different performances presented by the participants during the exposure to the same experimental condition; vi. The consequences of reinforcement; vii. The criterion of performance established for each experimental condition and for additional procedure and; viii. Interruption in data collection. We conclude that although the participants did not reach performance criterion in relations B3B1 and B4B2 teaching, this study provides contributions of procedure design, and raises methodological questions that advance the understanding of covert stimulus tact acquisition by persons with intellectual disabilities. Through the discussion on these possible intervenient variables, we may infer that participants errors may be a matter of procedure instead of being related to their learning disabilities.
Simulação e controle do processo de produção de levedura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-27)
Reis, Giann Braune
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be useful in several ways in bioprocesses. It is widely used in anaerobic processes for production of bioethanol at Brazilians plants. It is also of great importance as baker s yeast, where the product is the biomass. Moved by the industrial interest this work will aggregate knowledge in the improvement of techniques of control applied to bioprocesses, taking as a case study of aerobic yeast growth (process of obtaining biomass). This study developed a supervisory platform to perform the data acquisition and process control of a laboratory scale bioreactor. As case study experiments with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae were performed under aerobic conditions (looking for biomass obtainment). A fuzzy controller was developed and evaluated to control the input flow of supplemental medium (glucose) in bioreactor. The control variable was respiratory quotient (RQ). A sensor for the estimation of cell concentration in real time was evaluated and it shown to be effective for the application. It could provide information to the control algorithm. The experimental data obtained were used in the validation of a literature model. The result of simulation showed that the model satisfactorily described the studied process.
Diagnóstico ambiental da paisagem do entorno do reservatório do Rio Atibainha, Nazaré Paulista, SP: uso do mapeamento espacial e social da região como ferramenta para o planejamento agroecológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-27)
Antunes, Luciana Rocha
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8322564307980489
The mapping of land use along with the characterization of the farmers in the local context and their perception of the environment around them are presented as a fundamental approach to understanding the consequences of intense expansion of human activities in rural areas. This work presents a diagnosis of uses of land in the region of contribution of Atibainha Reservoir, in Nazaré Paulista city (SP), from the System of Water Supply Cantareira, in order to identify key elements of the regional landscape through the analysis of thematic maps and socioeconomic characterization of the local farmers. The diagnosis of the landscape used tools of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), using the ESRI software Arcmap. It was identified six categories of land use: eucalyptus, F1 forest, forest F2, exposed soil, pasture and abandoned area. The forest F1 classified forests which area in the initial stage of regeneration, with a lot of human influences and forest F2 were classified as a forest in medium stage of regeneration, in a better state of preservation. Image analysis described that almost 43% of the total area around the Atibainha Reservoir are permanent preservation areas (PPAs), and 42% corresponding to the classification of forest F2. This highlights the fact that most areas of PPAs corresponds to the environmental legislation enforce to reservoirs areas, this is until 100 meters of its margins. Found the same scenario have shown a significant proportion of forests, all categories of PPAs had been evaluated without approximately 50% of natural cover and isolation of remaining forest is in the structure of the local landscape, which is due to the incorporation of agricultural activities predominant, as pasture and eucalyptus. While agriculture receives less attention than the importance of forests in the maintenance of natural resources and conservation of biodiversity, the agriculture is in close relationship with the environmental resources, both in the use of these resources, such as landscaping organization that are require when this human activity are present in a region. Meanwhile, interviews with landowners identified that the forest is classified as obstacle to development of economic activities of the establishment, ie the existence of the forest haven t allowed the expansion of agriculture activity. It also addressed the context of the forest in the everyday people. There was no understanding in various aspects of the forest in the daily lives of farmers, largely because it did not identify any environmental benefit of the forest to the rural properties. Therefore, the reduction of environmental problems in the region requires change on many levels, as the organization and collective enforcement. For this part, the agroecology is shown as an alternative to regional agricultural production and the rescue of traditional knowledge which incorporate more environmental and social effective ideas on local agriculture. And still because of the natural features, forest management activities with the ecological restoration, especially in areas of permanent preservation and the involvement and understanding of the needs for the population that lives there becomes a way for effective policies implementation to the change of regional landscape organization.
Estudo cinético da produção de ácido clavulânico e cefamicina C por Streptomyces clavuligerus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-30)
Oliveira, Liliane Maciel de
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Hokka, Carlos Osamu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7409321531977750
Clavulanic acid and cephamycin C are ϐ-lactam compounds, an important group of drugs used in the treatment of several bacterial diseases, and are simultaneously produced by the bacteria Streptomyces clavuligerus. Similarly to any secondary metabolite, the production of these compounds can be controlled by the intracellular concentration of precursors and cofactors, and their availability to be used in the secondary metabolism depends directly on the nutritional composition changes in the culture media. Based on these facts, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of some carbon and nitrogen sources on clavulanic acid (CA) and cephamycin C (CefC) production by S. clavuligerus, and to propose a kinetic model able to represent the influence of these compounds on the behavior of this bioprocess. The fermentation runs were carried out in shakers, using synthetic media, combining glycerol, maltose, asparagine, proline, glutamic acid and ornithine. The results showed that both carbon and nitrogen sources were limitants. The fermentations with media containing maltose gave the highest CA and CefC productions, but the bacterial growth was lower. On the other hand, the fermentations with the media containing glycerol gave a higher bacterial growth and lower production, except for the fermentation using the media composed by glycerol, proline and ornithine, that gave the lowest growth and CA production, and there was no CefC production. The aditition of glutamic acid in the medium containing maltose and asparagine, and the aditition of more asparagine in this same medium favored the bacterial growth, but have no effect on production. The glutamic acid effect on the growth was more intense than that of asparagine. Based on the obtained results, a kinetic model describing the growth, CA and CefC production was proposed. The adjustment of the model to the experimental data was made in six different fermentations. The model had a good adjustment to four of all the media tested, and was able to represent the bioprocess within the conditions studied in this work.
Projeto e construção de bancada para ensaios de filtração de gases a alta pressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-30)
Ricco Junior, Edison
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9890679530471543
With the industrial expansion and the increase of vehicles assembled daily, there was an increase in the use of natural gas as combustible. Beyond the cheaper the level of emission of pollutants by burning natural gas as fuel it is lower than all the fuels used until today. The increasing consumption of natural gas and the severity of the legislation in respect to the environment caused a greater search for knowledge of the behavior of various filter media that could be used in high pressure filtration. In face of this situation, it was projected and developed an equipment capable to support high pressures during the filtration of gases. During the tests, some changes in this project were needed, with the objective of obtaining the most suitable configuration for the accomplishment of the experiments. To verify the operation of this equipment there was a preliminary investigation, not only of cellulose filter media, that sufficiently are used in this type of filtration but also, the polyester treated and metallic, which could be reused to avoid the accumulation of residues with its discard. The tests were conducted with pressures ranging from 98 to 900 KPa and fair flow from 0.00028 to 0.0019 m3 / s , to determine the coefficient of permeability. To verify the formation of filter cake and efficiency of the filter media, it was made tests from 500 KPa and 0.0016 m3 / s using phosphate rock as particulate material. At the end of this study, it was verified that the permeability coefficients darciana and non-darciana ( 1 k and 2 k ) increased with increasing pressure of the system. The curves of pressure versus velocity showed linear behavior, showing that the viscous forces was predominant in relation to the inertial forces. The cellulose filter media, when subjected to pressure of 5 bar, showed the greatest loss, lower efficiency and lower permeability. The filter media made of polyester and metal showed loss of load and efficiency quite similar, but the fabric has a permeability a slightly smaller than the metallic one. Three filter media showed similar fractional efficiency for collecting particles larger than 15 μm (~ 90%), but for particles smaller than 0.5 μm, the cellulose filter media, was shown to be less efficient than the other studies in this project, because of its high back pressure and lower permeability. This shows that despite the cellulosic filter has a relatively cheaper cost for the filtration of gas, this gives a performance below the metalic filter media polyester treated and the last two the most suitable for filtration at high pressure. It was chosen the filter media of cellulose paper, which was showed the lowest performance for the assays with pressure variaty. It was submitted to pressures of 1, 3 and 7 bar. When analyzing the fractional efficiency, we find out that the higher the pressure, the smaller the efficiency of the filter media.
Diagrama de fases magnéticas e transição de fase quântica em ligas de Cr-Ti
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-30)
Varella, André Luiz Soares
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Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4475272608314836
In this work we present the results of characterization of Cr-Ti alloys with small quantities of Ti. The samples were prepared in a melting arc furnace, using hight purity Cr and Ti. The magnetic phase diagram was determined from critical temperatures obtained by eletrical resistivity and DC magnetic susceptibility measurements, delimiting the boundaries between the transverse and longitudinal SDW (Spin Density Wave) and paramagnetic phases. We have observed that the Band Rigid Model is valid only for concentrations below 1.5%Ti. Above this concentration, a possible structural phase transition explain the disappearance of antiferromagnetic phase. From the observation of anomalies in resistivity ratio, magnetic susceptibilty and Hall effect measurements at low temperature, we have concluded that the system exhibits a quantum critical point in 1.2%Ti.
Interação da matéria de vórtices com estruturas de defeitos em filmes de Nb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-30)
Kapp, Juliana Sens Nunes
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Ortiz, Wilson Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9813454606298337
In this work we have studied the Vortex Matter dynamics in Nb superconducting films with different arrays of columnar defects. For that we studied the order-disorder line H (T) OD , where the melting of the vortex lattice occurs. The H (T) OD frontier was determined through the imaginary component " of the susceptibility in T measurements, whose peak temperature T Hp is associated with a maximum in energy dissipation, due to the viscous movement of vortices, which signals the beginning of a nonlinear regime. For this study we modified the pinning force efficiency in Nb samples using three different approaches: varying the technique employed to fabricate the defects, using large-value excitation fields and modifying the angle between the columnar defects in the sample and the applied magnetic field. As the pinning efficiency decreases, two regimes in the melting line become detectable, distinguished form each other by the appearance of a kink in a characteristic temperature k T . For temperatures lower than k T , pinning is significantly more efficient, and the H (T) OD line can be adjusted with a power-law; at higher temperatures, depinning is favored by thermal excitation, and the transition line is adjusted by a Bose-glass model for columnar defect systems. In this work we also studied both regimes with these theoretical models, previously available in the literature. For this we built the H T diagram with the irreversibility line irr H , upper critical field C2 H , and the order-disorder line H (T) OD , studying the dependence of the solid-liquid transition with the excitation field, frequency and angle of the applied magnetic field. We compared the pinning forces acting on different samples and applied a universal scaling approach to our experimental data points, proving the adequacy of the model to our results.
Síntese e processamento mecânico de nanocompósitos à base de magnésio para armazenagem de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-31)
Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
Les alliages nanocrystallines et les nanocomposites à base de magnesium sont des matériaux prometteurs pour le stockage d hydrogène dans l état solide, pour offrir une plus grande sécurité et efficaté de stockage que le H2 aux états gazeux ou liquide. Dans ce travail, la synthèse et l élaboration de ces matériaux par les techniques de broyage à haute énergie (HEBM High-energy Ball milling) et de déformation plastique sévère (SPD Severe Plastic Deformation) ont été étudiés. Nanocomposites à base de MgH2 et de Mg2FeH6 ont été préparés par broyage réactif sous atmosphère d hydrogène (une technique de HEBM) sous plusieurs conditions, pour obtenir une meilleure compréhension des effets des différents paramètres d élaboration sur la synthèse des hydrures. De plus, l utilisation des techniques de SPD de torsion sous haute pression (HPT High-pressure Torsion) et extrusion en canal angulaire (ECAP Equal Channel Angular Pressing) ont été explorés pour composer des routes d élaboration de mélanges réactifs à base de Mg pour le stockage de H2. Les matériaux preparés par les différentes méthodes ont été caracterisés par des techniques d analyse structurale comme, parmi d autres, difraction de rayons-X, microscopie optique, microscopie electronique en transmission et à balayage. Le comportement pendant la désorption a été étudié par calorimetrie différentielle de balayage, et des échantillons séléctionnés on été soumis à cycles d absorption et désorption de H2 pour mesures cinétiques. La corrélation des résultats pour les plusieurs systèmes à base de Mg a permis l obténtion d un meilleur contrôle de la synthèse des nanocomposites et une meilleure connaissance du potentiel d utilisation des techniques de SPD pour composer des routes d élaboration en envisageant les applications pour le stockage d hydrogène.
Divulgação científica em Museus de Ciências: diálogos possíveis entre as concepções dos responsáveis e a montagem das exposições
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-31)
Prudêncio, Christiana Andrea Vianna
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Freitas, Denise de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7915790476046108
The current work searched and analysed the conceptions that directors and coordinators responsible for the Scientific and Cultural Divulgence Center (CDCC) of São Carlos/SP (CDCC/USP) and also responsible for the Sciences Center of Araraquara/SP (CCA) have about science, the importance of scientific divulgence and the adoption of a conceptual or cultural approach of science in the interactive exibitions. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the existence of relations between these two conceptions and the organization of these exhibitions spatial distribution, the choice of the experiments and environment. The methodology used was the Discursive Textual Analysis, because it allows more comprehensive data interpretation by the researcher, who, in this process, impresses her own subjectivity in them. The research revealed that, among the responsible personnel, there is a conception of science as the language which explains nature, then its importance for the understanding of the world. The research also showed that the Brazilian Science museums are much more organized and adapted to attend school students and despite the fact that the responsible personnel recognize the importance of scientific divulgence for the citizenship experience and for a more critical positioning when facing technological-scientific subjects and the fact that the exhibitions are organized in subjects and the activities are focused mainly on the school students, still makes scientific divulgence happen within a much more conceptual approach and not in the understanding that sciences are also influenced by nonscientific factors, such as the social, political, economic and cultural ones. However, the museums which were studied have developed strategies which represent movements to warrant the lay population tools for the fight against exclusion from the scientific knowledge. Research also highlighted the need of dialog among different areas of knowledge the scientific and the traditional ones inside these institutions, and if your commitment is to help in the holistic formation of the human being and also to recognize that there are other kinds of nonscientific knowledge, but these ones are no less important, and that for a long time they have been helping the lay population to understand the world.