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Síntese e processamento mecânico de nanocompósitos à base de magnésio para armazenagem de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-31)
Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
Les alliages nanocrystallines et les nanocomposites à base de magnesium sont des matériaux prometteurs pour le stockage d hydrogène dans l état solide, pour offrir une plus grande sécurité et efficaté de stockage que le H2 aux états gazeux ou liquide. Dans ce travail, la synthèse et l élaboration de ces matériaux par les techniques de broyage à haute énergie (HEBM High-energy Ball milling) et de déformation plastique sévère (SPD Severe Plastic Deformation) ont été étudiés. Nanocomposites à base de MgH2 et de Mg2FeH6 ont été préparés par broyage réactif sous atmosphère d hydrogène (une technique de HEBM) sous plusieurs conditions, pour obtenir une meilleure compréhension des effets des différents paramètres d élaboration sur la synthèse des hydrures. De plus, l utilisation des techniques de SPD de torsion sous haute pression (HPT High-pressure Torsion) et extrusion en canal angulaire (ECAP Equal Channel Angular Pressing) ont été explorés pour composer des routes d élaboration de mélanges réactifs à base de Mg pour le stockage de H2. Les matériaux preparés par les différentes méthodes ont été caracterisés par des techniques d analyse structurale comme, parmi d autres, difraction de rayons-X, microscopie optique, microscopie electronique en transmission et à balayage. Le comportement pendant la désorption a été étudié par calorimetrie différentielle de balayage, et des échantillons séléctionnés on été soumis à cycles d absorption et désorption de H2 pour mesures cinétiques. La corrélation des résultats pour les plusieurs systèmes à base de Mg a permis l obténtion d un meilleur contrôle de la synthèse des nanocomposites et une meilleure connaissance du potentiel d utilisation des techniques de SPD pour composer des routes d élaboration en envisageant les applications pour le stockage d hydrogène.
Divulgação científica em Museus de Ciências: diálogos possíveis entre as concepções dos responsáveis e a montagem das exposições
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-31)
Prudêncio, Christiana Andrea Vianna
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Freitas, Denise de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7915790476046108
The current work searched and analysed the conceptions that directors and coordinators responsible for the Scientific and Cultural Divulgence Center (CDCC) of São Carlos/SP (CDCC/USP) and also responsible for the Sciences Center of Araraquara/SP (CCA) have about science, the importance of scientific divulgence and the adoption of a conceptual or cultural approach of science in the interactive exibitions. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the existence of relations between these two conceptions and the organization of these exhibitions spatial distribution, the choice of the experiments and environment. The methodology used was the Discursive Textual Analysis, because it allows more comprehensive data interpretation by the researcher, who, in this process, impresses her own subjectivity in them. The research revealed that, among the responsible personnel, there is a conception of science as the language which explains nature, then its importance for the understanding of the world. The research also showed that the Brazilian Science museums are much more organized and adapted to attend school students and despite the fact that the responsible personnel recognize the importance of scientific divulgence for the citizenship experience and for a more critical positioning when facing technological-scientific subjects and the fact that the exhibitions are organized in subjects and the activities are focused mainly on the school students, still makes scientific divulgence happen within a much more conceptual approach and not in the understanding that sciences are also influenced by nonscientific factors, such as the social, political, economic and cultural ones. However, the museums which were studied have developed strategies which represent movements to warrant the lay population tools for the fight against exclusion from the scientific knowledge. Research also highlighted the need of dialog among different areas of knowledge the scientific and the traditional ones inside these institutions, and if your commitment is to help in the holistic formation of the human being and also to recognize that there are other kinds of nonscientific knowledge, but these ones are no less important, and that for a long time they have been helping the lay population to understand the world.
Inovações na produção de antibióticos β-lactâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-02)
Rodrigues, Dasciana de Sousa
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8321796631800718
The industrial production of 6-APA includes: (1) cultivation of Penicillium chrysogenum; (2) extraction with organic solvents, (3) crystallization; (4) penicillin hydrolysis by immobilized penicillin acylase; (5) extraction of phenyl acetic acid (AFA); (6) precipitation of 6-APA at its isoelectric point ( pH ~ 3,6). The scientific community and industry have interest in reducing the number of process steps required for 6-APA production. In this thesis a new method for 6-APA production is presented. In this process, the simultaneous production and hydrolysis of penicillin was carried out. The 6-APA was extracted from culture broth using ionic adsorbent. To demonstrate the technical viability of the process a suitable biocatalysts to perform the hydrolysis of penicillin in the complex media has been developed. The enzymatic extract, containing PGA was partially purified by affinity adsorption on agarose-tryptophan, it was necessary to prepare the biocatalyst. The apparent purification factor obtained was 4,5 and purified PGA was immobilized on agaroseglyoxil by multipoint covalent attachment. The biocatalysts obtained show stability under conditions of sterilization and application in bioreactor. However, their mechanical stability under vigorous conditions of agitation used in stirred tank bioreactors was not satisfactory. Three strategies were used to avoid fragmentation of the biocatalyst. The first strategy was to involve the impellers with a helicoidal structure. In this system the biocatalyst was maintained under agitation in external bulk of the apparatus. In the second strategy, the biocatalyst was introduced into the bioreactor as the biomass density reached a maximum, in this case, the cultivation was carried out under constant agitation speed (300 rpm). An airlift bioreactor was used as third strategy to maintain the pellet structure. These systems were efficient in increasing medium agitation without destroying the pellets. Complete hydrolysis of penicillin (30 g / L) was obtained after five days of cultivation and extraction of 6-APA on ionic exchanger was investigated. The extraction of 6-APA by ionic interaction using chitosan modified with glutaraldehyde and arginine is a good method for recovery it. However, optimization in this method is necessary to achieve the recovery of 6-APA at satisfactory levels for the pharmaceutical industry. The new method for production of 6-APA shows that is possible to eliminate the use of organic solvents and to reduce the number of process steps.
Estudo da expressão de lipase BTL2 de Bacillus thermocatenulatus em E. coli recombinante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-03)
Escallón, Ana María Vélez
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0003899410308014
Using recombinant DNA techniques, the lipase BTL2 gene of Bacillus thermocatenulatus was cloned in E. coli BL321 under control of the strong temperature-inducible λPL promoter. It was investigated, initially, in this work, the influence of different variables in cell growth and expression of lipase BTL2 by recombinant E. coli, through experiments performed in agitated flasks with LB medium. First, it was studied the influence of temperature of growth (between 27 ° C and 34.2 °C) and heat shock temperature (between 37.8 °C and 46.2 °C) in the expression of lipase BTL2 by E. coli recombinant, using statistical design of experiments. The results of this study, where the shock was performed in the early exponential phase, indicated as the best Tcresc = 27 °C and Tchoque = 45 °C, yielding cellular concentration of 0.6 g dry weight / L and enzyme activity of 121.000 U/g.wet.cel. Then, it was investigated the influence of the growth phase of the microorganism at the shock, through cultures with Tcresc = 27 °C and Tchoque = 45 °C, the results of these experiments showed how heat shock condition at the end of exponential phase, resulting in activity of 258.000 U/g.wet.cel It investigated the influence of different initial concentrations of glucose in the medium on cell growth and expression of the enzyme. The best results were obtained from cell mass with 10 g/L glucose and μmax = 0,16 h-1, Yx/s = 0,19 g/g, resulting in 1.2 g / L dry cel, enzymatic activity of about 250.000 U / g.wet.cel. Lower concentrations of glucose and higher concentrations led to smaller cell, but did not affect enzyme activity in the final. Based on previous cultures of E.coli were conducted simulations to calculate the best condition for feed-batch. The experimental test was performed with 10 g/L glucose at the beginning of cultivation, Tcresc = 30 °C, Tchoque = 45 °C. In this test, we were able to achieve 15 g/L dry.cel μmax = 0,38 h-1 with enzyme activity of 231.000 U/g.wet.cel, with resulting in 100 times more enzyme in this test than in cultivation in shaker in the best condition. The results of the simulation, obtained using model of Monod, predicted quite well those obtained experimentally. There was no significant accumulation of organic acids and all aminoacids consumed by the moment of shock. From the heat shock, those who were not exhausted with concentration remained constant. The enzyme produced in the test batch was recovered by breaking the cells in a French press to obtain with this methodology 272.000 U/g wet cells, whereas the results of the samples, which were disrupted by sonication resulted in much lower value. Was then investigated the efficiency of the protocol of sonication that was being used, by subjecting the cells to successive rounds of sonication. The results showed that actually the first cycle only 50% of the enzyme was released, indicating that the maximum production achieved was actually around 462.000 U/gcél.úmida. Study characterization of enzyme kinetics showed that the temperature of maximum activity is 65 °C with activation energy equal to 142.3 kJ/mol. Study of stability in solvent showed that the enzyme retains activity in the presence of 2- propanol.
Projeção e desamparo : filosofia, religião e teoria psicanalítica em Sigmund Freud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-03)
Conte, Fabiano Roberto Sales
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Monzani, Luiz Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720446592652597
One of the most important movements of what we call enlightenment concerns the analysis of the religious phenomenon. Some authors who lived under the aegis of this historical period, as Hume and Feuerbach, adopted a very similar semantics for the construction of their explanatory discourses when dissecting religious belief issues, as well as its motivations and the involved psychical processes. The fear as a cause and the projection as a mental process are important elements in this construction. When Freud who was a reader of both authors and is considered one of the last enlighteners writes some of his texts about the religious phenomenon specifically Totem and Taboo and The Future of an Illusion he ends up making use of explanatory resources which refer to thatphilosophical tradition. The terms which will appear in Freud are helplessness(Hilflosigkeit) and projection(Projektion). These concepts, however, despite of their extreme operativity within the explanatory structure of the religious phenomenon, do not appear for the first time in these cultural texts: they have been part of the history of freudian psychoanalysis for a long time, and have their meaning laboriously built during a long course of development of the theory. The aim of this paper is, thefore, to unravel the paths taken during the elaboration of the concepts of helplessness and projection, so then their real meanings can present themselves when a text on religion is read that will not only allow a more accurate comprehensionabout it but will also demonstrate how the Freudian concepts are developed, both internally in psychoanalysis and in its contact with other forms of construction of knowledge such as philosophy.
Potencial osteogênico in vivo de uma nova vitrocerâmica bioativa (Biosilicato®)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-03)
Granito, Renata Neves
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Oishi, Jorge
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858
Bioactive materials have the ability to bond and to integrate with bone tissue by forming a biologically active bonelike apatite layer, which has chemical and structural properties equivalent to the mineral phase of living bone. This process is determined by chemical reactions, whose products also influence the attachment, the proliferation, the differentiation and the mineralizing capacity of bone cells. Cellular responses contribute to the bioactive behavior, which is known for being higher in glass materials. However, as low mechanical properties are also inherent characteristics of glasses, researchers from Federal University of Sao Carlos were stimulated to develop nucleation and growth thermal treatments for the obtainment of the Biosilicate®, a fully-crystallized bioactive glassceramic of the quaternary system P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2. Although a high in vitro osteogenic potential of this novel glass-ceramic has been previously demonstrated, its in vivo effects have not been investigated yet. To contribute to this knowledge, two studies were developed. The first one aimed to investigate the in vivo biological performance of Biosilicate® in bone defects of rat tibias, by means of hystomorphometric and biomechanical analyses 20 days after the surgical procedure. This study revealed that the fully-crystallized Biosilicate® has good bone-forming and bone-bonding properties. Hence, the second study aimed to compare the kinetics of the bone reactions to two different granulometric distributions of this novel glass-ceramic. Although they were both efficient for bone formation, smaller-sized particles of Biosilicate® showed partial reabsortion, which was accompanied by a more pronounced osteogenic activity within the period of time studied. Since positive results were obtained, the search for scaffolds that could serve as supports for the guided bone regeneration had started. A third study preliminarily evaluated cell culture and cocultures in porous structures made of Biosilicate® and of other chemical compositions that were specifically developed for this purpose. The findings suggest that, when in adjusted conditions, the scaffolds can create favorable cellular responses for bone tissue engineering purposes. Taken togheter, these studies point to a promising potential and provide directives for the use of Biosilicate® in bone regenerative processes.
As implicações filosóficas da teoria da Gestalt
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-06)
Cholfe, Jonas Fornitano
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6330433147631729
The Gestalt Theory, which foundations are erected by the ideas of Köhler, Koffka and Wertheimer, has as main purpose the reestablishment of the bond between science and life. The notion of Gestalt, thought as an entity that has meaning and value as intrinsic characteristics, is the key of this enterprise. Starting from the phenomenological thesis , the defense that the conceptual understanding demands going back to the data of the direct experience, the gestaltists find in their basic category the possibility of a conception of nature that surpasses the consequences of the materialism, that is, the reduction of the most important features of the human mind to mere subjective illusion. The presence of significant configurations in the early perceptive processes, in thought and in the theoretical entities of physical science, will support the proposal of a Science that, when exceeding the life world, will not discard its more important characteristics, that is, its intelligible relations, based in the intrinsic characteristics of the parts of a totality. At the same time, however, the gestaltists defend a dualism between the phenomenal world, known directly, and the transphenomenal world, which is known only indirectly - it's constructed in the interaction between the scientific theory and the facts collected by the experiments. This dualism results in the "naturalism" in the Gestalt Theory, of which the isomorphism hypothesis is the better expression. Such naturalism is the main target of the critics from the philosophical phenomenology (Husserl and Merleau-Ponty). We are to show that the defense of the physical world as an reality appart from the consciousness corresponds to an assumption supported by the direct experience, as is demanded by the phenomenological thesis. In the transphenomenal transcendence experience", we find the transphenomenal term as condition of meaning of the phenomenal term, therefore, the phenomenological argument that would give meaning to transphenomenality . We can point as contributions of our research the understanding of the epistemological dualism of Gestalt Theory, as well as the survey of questions directed to the phenomenological philosophy.
O estatuto da reflexão em Sartre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-06)
Souza, Luiz Henrique Alves de
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Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5498018278858724
The reflection is the fundamental method in Phenomenology. And that isn t different considering Sartre s thought: only through the reflexive method his philosophy is possible. But reflection isn t an infallible process at all: your reach and rights must be investigated. So a phenomenology and an ontology of reflection must be done to determine in what way is possible a phenomenology and an ontology through reflection . Thus also determines itself the relation of reflection with the relieve methods and to morals character of reflection.
Classe de distribuições série de potências inflacionadas com aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-06)
Silva, Deise Deolindo
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Rodrigues, Josemar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973852496399386
This work has as central theme the Inflated Modified Power Series Distributions, where the objective is to study its main properties and the applicability in the bayesian context. This class of models includes the generalized Poisson, binomial and negative binomial distributions. These probability distributions are very helpful to models discrete data with inflated values. As particular case the - zero inflated Poisson models (ZIP) is studied, where the main purpose was to verify the effectiveness of it when compared to the Poisson distribution. The same methodology was considered for the negative binomial inflated distribution, but comparing it with the Poisson, negative binomial and ZIP distributions. The Bayes factor and full bayesian significance test were considered for selecting models.
Contribuição à educação ambiental: a construção da consciência ecológica em alunos do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-06)
Garavello, Juliana Previdelli
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Garavello, Júlio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2778105126670170
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0298504519706178
The present research is a qualitative-quantitative study, involving participative-actionresearch and descriptive procedures, achieved through analysis of empirical knowledge and field (practical) research. The object of the research is the aquatic bio-indicator organisms, mainly fish, related to Environmental Education. It was intended to demonstrate that their identification is an important collaborating strategy in the construction of ecological awareness of the subjects aimed in this study, students from 5th to 8th year of grade school in private schools in the City of São Carlos, SP. The specific methodological procedures used were environmental study activities; lectures; technical visits, having one of them happened in the presence of the subjects (excursion through the course of Córrego do Gregório); material sampling; laboratory identification. The results obtained in terms of achieving the intended objectives are lists of reminiscent bio-indicator organisms in Córrego do Gregório and Ribeirões Feijão and Monjolinho, which suffer human antropic influence, emphasizing those which are good indicators of environmental quality. Through interfaces with Environmental Education, the study has motivated children to the construction of the ecological awareness and socio-environmental a responsibility, having contributed to the construction of concepts and values which are interconnected to the environmental area under the light of ethics and solidarity.
Obtenção de estruturas porosas altamente bioativas via sinterização do Biosilicato®
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-07)
Crovace, Murilo Camuri
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Rodrigues, Ana Candida Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4499231813051400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2960564171443068
In the present work, scaffolds were obtained through the controlled sintering of Biosilicate®. This material possesses good mechanical properties and its bioactivity level is comparable to that of bioglasses, making it an interesting candidate for use as a scaffold to stimulate bone tissue regeneration. Previous studies have found that a secondary crystalline phase is formed when Biosilicate® is heat-treated at high temperatures (T > 700°C). The in vitro bioactivity tests revealed that the presence of the secondary phase is not harmful, but instead enhances the bioactivity of Biosilicate® to a level comparable to that of Bioglass - 45S5. Two different techniques were used in the synthesis of scaffolds: (1) the addition of porogen agents, and (2) the replication method. Five porogen agents were tested and compared: naphthalene, cassava starch, corn starch, polyethylene beads and carbon black. The first technique yielded scaffolds with a total porosity of 67 to 87% in a highly interconnected porous structure. The best result was achieved with carbon black, which resulted in an average pore size of 230 μm and a total porosity of 87%, making it the most promising porogen agent for application as a scaffold. The replication technique led to the formation of scaffolds with a total porosity of 96% and open cells in the range of 435 945 μm, with an average cell size of 650 μm.
Junto e misturado: imanência e transcendência no PCC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-07)
Biondi, Karina
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9293354732484739
The Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), a collectivity originated inside prisons in the state of São Paulo in the early 1990s, underwent deep transformations with the addition of Equality to its ideals. The incorporation of this principle has instituted a tension that infiltrates and runs through the capillaries of the PCC, effecting simultaneous formations and suppressions of power foci, alongside concurrent constructions and dissolutions of hierarchies. A series of mechanisms and strategies have been triggered in order to set up a Command between equals , establishing tensions in all its political dimensions. This work approaches the functioning of the PCC through the description of diverse plans by which its politics is operated. One of these plans concerns the PCC as a transcendental force, whose investigation led to theoretical wrings that enabled me to reflect about the construction of a transcendence by means of an immanentist anthropology, that is, an anthropology that allows the understanding of transcendence and the means of its production without considering it preeminent. It is the PCC-transcendence, produced in the immanence and to it mingled, that allows successive processes of deterritorialization concomitant to desindividualization phenomena, and supports the existence of this social formation without a firm territorial link, enabling the presence of the PCC even where we do not find its members.
Efeitos do acetato de chumbo em tecido ósseo de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-09)
Pastor, Fabio Alexandre Casarin
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3130130830810690
Lead is a ubiquitous pollutant in the environmental ecosystem which distribution is mainly anthropogenic, come from burning fossil fuels, mining and various industrial products. There is little knowledge of the involvement of this element on the bone metabolism. This study aimed to determine possible changes in adult rat bone, contaminated with lead acetate during the development phase, through the incorporation of lead in the tissue. Biometric, biophysical, and biomechanical bone parameters were analyzed. The animals were divided into 3 groups: control, 9 rats treated with saline 0.9% (0.1 ml/100g BM) and contaminated groups C-100 and C-200 with 10 animals each, poisoned with lead acetate (100 and 200 mg / kg BM, respectively), once per week for 8 weeks by gastric gavage method. The incorporation of lead was examined with scanning electron microscopy and the concentration of this element in bone tissue with atomic absorption spectrometry with flame. We calculated the bone volume, and from this parameter the bone density was determined. The biomechanical properties of femurs were obtained by three points bending test. Contamination with lead acetate promoted incorporation and increased the concentration of lead in bone for the two doses tested, however were not sufficient to cause changes in the somatic and bone development of these animals. The dose of 100 mg / kg BM was not enough to cause bone changes and the dose of 200 mg / kg BM caused reduced bone density and strength. Therefore, the results indicate the ability of this element in damage the quality of the bone and maybe, serve as a source for endogenous subsequent contamination.
Reatividade de materiais de moldagem na fundição de precisão de titânio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-13)
Oliveira, Diego Pedreira de
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388790875028551
Investment casting of Titanium parts free of defects is very difficult owing to the reactivity of this element in the liquid state .The objective of this study was to evaluate the reactivity of titanium with refractory oxides of high thermodynamic stability, such as yttria and alumina. Centrifugal castings of small parts were carried out by melting the metal in an yttria coated crucible and pouring the liquid into molds coated with a mixture of yttrium and aluminum oxides. As binder for the powders were added colloidal suspensions of silica, alumina, yttria or zirconium acetate. Only the silica and alumina colloidal bonded the moulds with useful mechanical strength allowing the centrifugal casting trials. Both, yttria colloidal and zirconium acetate were excluded of the trials. By analyzing the hardness profile it could be noted that a similar curve was obtained for different moulds (oxides plus binder) related to the hardened layer thickness. However, the molds using a higher thermodynamic stability combination of binder and oxides presented lower Vicker values. The pair Yttria/Alumina colloidal induced less than 350 Vickers and Alumina/Alumina colloidal less than 720 Vickers on the surface of titanium as cast, for instance. Finally, a mathematical simulation of the process was proposed and it could be well adjusted and compared to the experimental graphics.
Frugivoria por aves e fenologia em Miconia albicans e Miconia ligustroides (Melastomataceae), em fragmento de cerrado na região de São Carlos, SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-13)
Souza, Natália Allenspach de
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0494259674341420
The present study had as objective to characterize the avian guild that consumes Miconia albicans and Miconia ligustroides fruits and also to describe the fenology of these plants. The study was carried out in a 124.68 ha fragment of cerrado vegetation, located in the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus São Carlos (21°58´ S, 47° 52´ W), São Paulo state, Brazil. Between March 2008 and February 2009, 30 plants of each species, random selected, were accompanied every 2 weeks and the number of floral buds, flowers, fruits and the percentage of new leaves were registered. During the fruiting periods, 96 hours of focal tree observations were made for each vegetal species, when the visitant birds, time and duration of visits, number of consumed fruits and the treatment given to the fruits were registered. M. ligustroides fruits were given to captive birds, to assess retention time of the seeds in their digestive tract. M. albicans fruited between October and January, coinciding with the wet season. During this period, 212 visits with fruit consumption were observed, performed by 19 bird species from 9 families. Species of the family Emberizidae were responsible for the majority of visits (34.9%), but the treatment given to the fruits allows to infer they are probable seed predators. Mimus saturninus and Patagioenas picazuro consumed the largest parcel of fruits (respectively 23.34 and 19.27%). M. ligustroides fruited between March and June, in the transition between wet and dry seasons. 101 visits performed by 15 bird species from 6 families were observed. Species of genera Elaenia performed the majority of visits (34.65%), followed by Tangara cayana (12.87%) and Schistochlamys ruficapillus (10.89%). Family Thraupidae species were, together, the most representative in number of visits and fruit consumption. Average duration of visits for each bird species was always less than 3 minutes, lower even than the smallest retention time observed at the captive birds experiment (Pitangus sulphuratus: 4.98 ± 1.53 minutes). Adding the fact that birds consumed the whole fruit in all observations made at M. ligustroides trees, it is posible that the observed birds are potential seed dispersers of this plant. M. albicans and M. ligustroides produce a large amount of small fruits with many diminute seeds. Their fruits are consumed by many bird species with generalist diets. Therefore, both elastomataceas utilize an opportunistic frugivore bird dispersion strategy. These data show that both species may be usefull in conservation programs for recuperation of degraded cerrado areas, but future studies are necessary to verify the dispersive potential of the birds here registered, just as to know the germination and seedling establishment characteristics.
Avaliação dos aspectos microbiológicos do caldo de diferentes variedades e partes do colmo da cana-de-açúcar sob manejo orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-14)
Martini, Cristina
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Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0252822736016824
For the artisanal cachaça production, which is a beverage obtained after distillation of the fermented sugar cane juice, natural starter ferment ( caipira ferment) is utilized, in which crushed corn, rice bran and citric fruit juice are added to sugar cane juice. The primary source of microorganisms, yeasts especially, is the sugar cane juice itself, and although the cachaça sensorial quality is recognized when this ferment is utilized, there are some inconvenients as difficulties in the quality control due to the high level of contaminants and extensive preparation periods. In this context, this work aimed the evaluation of microbiological (yeast numbers) and physico-chemical aspects of the juice extracted from 10 sugar cane varieties, in three harvesting periods (May, September and December) in an area under organic management. The same analysis were performed for the juice extracted from different stalk sections (lower, medium and upper section) from three sugar cane varieties (RB72454, RB835486 e RB867515) under organic management, seeking for information which could contribute to the variety management allowing a faster and efficient natural ferment preparation. A significant decrease in the yeast numbers (CFU/mL) in the juice were observed when the maximum point of maturation was reached for the majority of the varieties. However, the proportion (%) of Saccharomyces increased with the sugar cane maturation, in such a way that early and medium maturation varieties (RB835054, RB835486, RB845210 and RB855156) may be utilized at the beginning of the harvest period (in May) for the natural ferment preparation, which could result in diminished preparation time and faster fermentation. Among the early maturation varieties, RB845210 is indicated because it also presented high reducing sugar and protein in the juice. Regarding the juice extracted from different stalk sections, the upper section (from 11th to 15th internode, without the palmito ) could be indicated for the natural ferment preparation because of higher yeast numbers, higher reducing sugar concentration and acidity, which promote the yeast growth. It was verified that Saccharomyces yeasts show a transient and spatial distribution along with sugar concentration gradient. The knowledge of this behavior and variety characteristics can ease the variety management aiming the production and performance of the natural starter ferment, in order to contribute for the organic cachaça production.
Operadores de Calderón-Zygmund e o teorema T1
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-14)
Prado, Roxana Bedoya
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Santos, Luís Antônio Carvalho dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5936461714940890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3922967559943315
In this work, we present necessary and suficient conditions for that an operator of Calderón-Zygmund type can be extended to a bounded operator on L2. By using results of interpolation and cancellation conditions on the kernel to obtain the boundeness in Lp, for all 1 < p < 1.
Efeito da estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem no processo inflamatório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-16)
Ortiz, Maria Cristina Sandoval
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447835076220575
Inflammation is the response of protection of the body to an aggression in order to obtain the healing. This process makes part of many diseases attended by physical therapist, however when it is increased, limits the fast recovery of the patient. High voltage pulsed current (HVPC) is one of the modalities used to interview of inflammatory process; the type of stimulation is considered monophasic pulsed that produces a high-driving voltage 150 V, but the total current (average) delivered to the tissue per second does not exceed 1.2 to 1.5mA. There are many studies that evaluate the effect of HVPC in swelling, but the major part was made in animal models and only one in human beings was found in the review of the literature. The results of the studies in animals had showed the effectiveness of HVPC in reduction of edema, but the study in human only showed clinical differences not statistically significant. Additionally, the action mechanism of HVPC is unknown and some hypotheses have been proposed for explaining its effect. The objective of this study was evaluate the effectiveness of HVPC in the inflammation process, both in humans and animals in a submotor level, 100pps of frequency and 45min of treatment. We made a controlled and randomized clinical trial in subjects with lateral sprain of ankle measuring pain, edema, range of mobility and some parameters of the gait comparing three groups: control group (CG) with standard physical therapy, HVPC(-) with standard physical therapy plus HVPC negative polarity and HVPC(+) with standard physical therapy plus HVPC positive polarity. There was not difference between the study groups, but the clinical results suggested that HVPC(-) could contribute to accelerate the recovery of inflammatory process. Second, an experimental study was done in animals evaluating pain, edema, serum histamine and albumin and the cartilage, comparing a control group, a inflammation group with HVPC(-), a inflammation group with HVPC placebo and the last group only with HVPC(-). We did not find differences between the groups in the variables, only observed the lowest cellularity in the cartilage of inflammation group+HVPC(-) and lowest optical density in inflammation group+HVPC placebo. These results are a contribution for the understanding of the biophysical agent used in the physical therapy, however is necessary more clinical studies including higher sample size, in order to demonstrate the effects of HVPC on the inflammation process.
Memórias de professoras de música: um olhar para práticas escolares entre as décadas de 1950 a 1980
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-17)
Gonçalves, Arlete de Souza Ferreira
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0638896508329425
This manuscript is the result of a master s research aiming at describing and analyzing the professional paths and pedagogical practices of four music teachers that taught music in the interior of São Paulo State when the music was a compulsory course in Brazilian schools, from 1952 to 1971. These teachers lived through a period of transition and adaptation when music lost its curricular standing and was subsumed by a broader subject, Arts Education, in 1971. The research, of a qualitative nature, adopted the oral history method with emphasis on memory. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and journals written by the participating teachers were used as a memory resource the analysis of the data was based on the theories of Paulo Freire and Ernani Fiori, in a Latin American perspective. Eclea Bosi, provided the foundation for the analysis of the teachers memoirs, and Fonterrada, and Joly informed the research with respect to music education. Nóvoa, about the teachers' life course and history. The analysis disclosed significant events in the personal histories of these music teachers and shed light on a period of Brazilian music education. The analysis of the significant moments in the participants careers promoted the knowledge on the environment of music education during a specific period of time and contributed to a more informed understanding about music, schools and teaching careers in Brazil.
Influência de dois programas distintos de atividade física sobre variáveis fisiológicas, antropométricas e de capacidades físicas, em pessoas com idade superior a 50 anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-17)
Greve, Patricia
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9814076011714692
This study aimed to compare the effects of a conventional program of exercises in groups with a program of resistance exercises, with respect to the following variables: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), flexibility, handgrip strength and strength of lower limbs in knee extension. A total of 60 individuals participated in the present investigation, residents of São Carlos, of both sexes and aged over 50 years. The subjects were sampled by convenience and were divided into three groups: Control Group (GC), composed of 22 people who doesn t were engaged in any monitored and supervised physical activity, Group A (GA) formed by 21 subjects who underwent a program of physical activity in a conventional group, and Group B (GB) consisting of 22 individuals who participated in a program of resistance exercises. The measurements were made using a stethoscope and blood pressure gauges for measuring the BP, an anthropometric scale for measuring weight and height, a tape measure to check the CA, Bank of Wells for flexibility, and a manual dynamometer and isokinetic dynamometer to measure the handgrip muscular strength and knee extension, respectively. All subjects underwent an initial evaluation that consisted of: history, blood pressure measurement, body mass index calculation, measurement of CA, flexibility and muscle strength. Having been assessed, the volunteers in Group A began a program of exercises in the conventional group, which aimed to develop physical abilities such as flexibility, aerobic endurance, muscular strength and coordinating skills involving balance, agility and pace. This program was performed three times per week, each session lasting 50 to 55 minutes. The volunteers in Group B participated in a program of physical resistance exercises. The machines were the leg press, calf, back extension, abdominal, bench Press and rowing, and were used according to the periodicity of the training, with a frequency of three times per week and duration of 50 minutes per session. New measures were taken after intervals of three and six months as from the initial assessment of all groups. The statistical analysis was performed by way of a nonparametric analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis, Friedmam test, Wilcoxson test and Friedmam test replicated to two factors. As a result it was possible to observe a significant reduction in the SBP, DBP and BMI in Group B, significant reduction of WC in Groups A and B, increase in muscle handgrip strength after three months in Group A and after six months in Group B, significant increase in flexibility in both Groups A and B and significant reduction in strength in the knee extension at 60°/sec in Group A. Thus it was concluded that for all the variables, except for the strength of knee extension, at least one of the groups that underwent intervention showed significant improvements when compared to the control group. When the two programs were compared, the Geriatric Revitalization program was more effective for the variables of handgrip force and knee extension at 60º/sec. and at 180°/sec., while the program of resistance exercises generated better responses for SBP, DBP, BMI and WC.