Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-04-28"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20900

As delegadas de polícia de São Paulo: profissão e gênero
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-28)
Silveira, Maria Natália Barboza da
;
Bonelli, Maria da Glória
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0051682015787141
The central objective of the research was to study the presence of women in legal careers working as a district chief of police, which is traditionally a male profession. For the development of this research were used two sources of analysis. The objective of the first was to examine women's participation of the profession through the statistics on this professional group. The objective of the second was to evaluate the Women s Police Stations to enable people to verify if the market reserve established by this institution contributed to a process of subordination of these professionals in comparison to their peers. The study made it possible to find out that, on one hand, the inauguration of the DDM's (Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher) channeled more women to work in these stations, on the other, contributed to an "imprisonment" of their career. This is because, for many chiefs of police, working in a DDM is considered an obstacle for the career. We also examined the social representations that the DDM developed at the corporation's police and within the profession of delegate of police, and what has changed in the structure and image of those police stations for the police profession. The study was conducted in São Paulo, where police districts were studied and DDM s. The study was conducted from 2007 until 2009. As a research methodology, interviews were done with chiefs of police from DDM s and police districts in order to establish a comparison between these organs. Altogether 12 interviews were conducted, and with 9 women and 3 with men.
Determinante do voto partidário: uma análise do voto em eleições para o Executivo no Estado de São Paulo – 1998-2006
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-28)
Tavoni, Fabrizio Martins
;
Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7053353604209470
The objective of this work is to analyze the partisan vote in elections for the Executive in the State of São Paulo, as much with the vote for Governor how much for President. The clipping that was made for this work is the period that understands the elections of 1998, 2002 and 2006, being that the analyzed parties are: PSDB (Brazilian Social democracy Party) and PT (Labor Party). The studied data had been collected in TSE (Electoral Superior Court) e, from them, made crossings between candidate the President for a party and candidate the Governor for the other party and vice versa, in order to observe the coherence of the vote in the parties in distinct disputes. From this maps of the vote in the State was made, having shown where each party gets better resulted and also to verify if in such a way in the dispute for the government of the State how much for the Presidency it has coherence in the partisan vote.
A trajetória política tenentista enquanto processo: do Forte de Copacabana ao Clube 3 de Outubro (1922-1932)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-28)
Viviani, Fabrícia Carla
;
Cepêda, Vera Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5015093424728336
This work analyzes the Tenentismo (lieutenants´ movement) ´s political trajectory from 1922, date of its appearance, to 1932, moment when the October 3rd Club created the Sketch for the Social and Political Reconstruction of Brazil. Its central aim is to detect how, during this period, the Tenentismo made a transit from a military group, defending institutional interests, to a political group, formulating a project for the society as a whole, that is, it changed from a reacting to a proposing movement. That being so, the hypothesis here considered is that the construction of the movement as a political actor coincided with its manifestations in the national scenery between 1922 and 1932. Supposedly, this transformation happened due to the fact that the lieutenants emerged from a historical moment of modernization of the Brazilian society and of the Armed Forces, and the interaction with this scenario forged its collective identity, and made it capable of interfering with the process of social change. For this purpose, starting from the idea that the Tenentismo was under construction, we will analyze the documents produced during this period by both the São Paulo and the Rio de Janeiro segments. Thus, the methodology employed is the primary analysis of Tenentismo´s manifestos, programs, handouts and letters from the period, since we believe the texts produced by these actors are the intellectual product of reflections, formulations, re-significations that oriented them towards action.
Influência de defeitos nas propriedades mecânicas de juntas soldadas por FSW da liga AA6013-T6
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-28)
Marconato, Eduardo Amado
;
Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8675013826737290
In 1991, it was developed a solid state welding process called Friction Stir Welding - FSW, intended to increase the number of applications for the aluminum and its alloys. As every welding process the presence of defects should be avoided to not compromise the quality of the welded joint. Some typical defects originating from FSW process are found in some joints depending of the welding parameters. Thus, this study has the purpose to evaluate the quality of welded joints in 3 mm thick 6013-T6 friction stir welded joints in function of the obtained defects, using different welding parameters. The characterization was based on metallography by OM and SEM of the welded joints in order to analyze the obtained defects. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile, microhardness and fatigue tests.Welds joints were intentionally produced to contain inner defects in the weld nugget like tunnel shaped along the joint and lack of root penetration of the welding tool. All welded conditions, the microhardness profiles show a big drop in hardness when crossing from the HAZ zone into the center of each weld, while the tensile and fatigue tests showed a strong defects influence in the mechanical properties. The lack of penetration weld defect had the worst results of mechanical properties compared to tunneling defects, and the sound weld joint exhibited the best results of mechanical properties for all conditions investigated.
Comparação da diversidade microbiana intestinal em larvas do campo e laboratório do bicudo da cana-de-açúcar, Sphenophorus levis (Coleoptera, Cucurlionidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-28)
Rinke, Raquel
;
Silva, Flávio Henrique da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4245978323080124
The sugarcane weevil, Sphenophorus levis, is an important pest in sugarcane culture in São Paulo state, Brazil. To complete its life cycle, S. levis may depends on microorganisms that inhabit its intestinal tract and play an important key in the insect physiology and nutrition. In this study we report the characterization of the intestinal microbiota from population of insect larvae from field and laboratory. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences revealed a total of fourteen genera, one group from Candidatus category and two uncultivable groups represented by Alfa-Proteobacteria, Beta-Proteobacteria, Gamma-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum. Microorganisms isolated through culture-dependent methods were classified according morphological parameters and using 16S rDNA molecular marker. In addition to bacteria, four filamentous fungi were isolated. It was observed a slightly higher bacterial diversity in field than in laboratory according to Shannon index (Field H'= 3,36; Laboratory H'= 3,26). It is also our objective in this work to search for microorganisms capable to degrade cellulose, an important event in the insect attack. From the cultivable microorganisms, five genera of bacteria and two filamentous fungi presented cellulolytic activity. This is the first study about S. levis microbiota which may contribute to understand the interaction plant-pathogen and also be useful for future development of new strategies for control of S. levis in sugarcane cultivation.
Tutoria instrucional centrada na leitura de livros em escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem e dislexia do desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-29)
Machado, Andrea Carla
;
Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7978344886545493
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of instructional tutorship focused on book reading in students with developmental dyslexia and learning disability based on the proposals of Clay s Reading Recovery Program (1993). Among the specific objectives, the study aimed at characterizing the performance in percentage and identify the strategies related to reading and writing found in pre and post-testing of all groups involved in the research (with and without intervention) and compare, in pre and post-testing, the results of students with developmental dyslexia and learning disability. A group of twelve students participated in the study, and group I (DL) was subdivided into: GDL1 composed of three students with developmental dyslexia that participated in the intervention and GDL2 consisting of three students with developmental dyslexia that did not participate in the intervention. Group II (DA) was subdivided into GDA1 consisting of three students with learning disability that participated in the intervention and GDA2 consisting of three students with learning disability that did not participate in the intervention. The research presented the design: pretesting, tutorship, post-testing. The data were collected in sessions held in pre and post-testing with tasks of the Diagnostic Survey (Clay, 1993). The interventions, based on instructional tutorship, were performed in twelve individual sessions, once a week, lasting one hour each during the first semester of 2008. The results were analyzed in a descriptive way by the score in percentage of correct answers. Positive effects were verified on the teaching of strategies and the study also provides strong evidence that instructional tutorship focused on book reading gives students with developmental dyslexia and learning disabilities benefits with significant differences shown by the development of students who participated in interventions. However, the results of this study revealed that there was an improvement in the tasks that were observed and strategies that were trained in students with a learning disability when compared with students with developmental dyslexia.
Aspectos da dinâmica populacional e reprodutiva de Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) no reservatório de Cachoeira Dourada (GO-MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-29)
Sabinson, Lia Mayrink
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8836864670457648
Growth and reproduction parameters of the yellow-mandi, Pimelodus maculatus (LACÉPÈDE, 1803) (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae), were determined for the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir (GO-MG). The field work occurred throughout February 2007 to January 2008 (with the exception of December 2007). Gill nets with mesh sizes from 1, 5 to 10 centimeters were placed in three different areas in the reservoir and were collected 24 hours later. A total of 538 specimens were captured, amongst which 242 were females, 219 males and 77 could not have their gender determined. Sex ratio differed from 1:1 only during July 2007 and January 2008, with males and females predominating in each of those months. Males occupied the medium length classes (18,9 to 24,3 cm) while females were most abundant in the superior classes (from 27 to 37,8 cm).The L50 for males were 24,8 cm and 26,2 cm for females. The growth constant K assumed a higher value for females (K=0,1356) than for males (K=0,0383), revealing a much faster growth rate for the females of P. maculates, which may be due to their greater investment in reproductive tissue, a fact also indicated by the elevated values of Kn and GSI during the summer. Having in mind that P. maculatus reproduces in the rainy season, a greater gain in weight is expected during the months before the reproduction season, and that after it occurs the fish loses fat and weight as a consequence of metabolic effort. The reduction in the ecosystems complexity is consequence of the reduction in the surrounding diversity, and it seems to be the main factor modifying the population`s and reproductive dynamics of Pimelodus maculatus in the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir.
Produção recombinante e estudos funcionais de uma cisteíno peptidase de Xanthomonas citri subspécie citri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-29)
Silveira, Rosseli Santos da
;
Silva, Flávio Henrique da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9963382495354916
The citrus canker disease is caused by a phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xac). The common symptoms are defoliation, twig die-back and premature fruit drop. The infection process of this bacterium is not totally elucidated although it has been reported that peptidases are involved in the infection and virulence process. The genome sequencing of the bacterium Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri enabled the detection of a gene that encodes an enzyme cysteine peptidase like, possibly involved in infection. Aiming to characterize this enzyme and determine its possible involvement in the infection process were performed: expression in recombinant Pichia pastoris, purification of protein and enzyme studies for characterization were done. The kinetic characterization of recombinant enzyme was performed through the hydrolysis of synthetic substrates Z-Leu-Arg-MCA and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA (Z = Carbobenzoxy; MCA = 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin), as well as the use of substrates with intramolecular fluorescence suppression AbzKVRSSKQEDDnp, AbzKLRSSKQ-EDDnp and AbzKIRSSKQ-EDDnp (ABZ = Ortoaminobenzoic acid; EDDnp = Ethylene diamine [2,4-dinitrophenyl]). The best catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of the enzyme was found using the substrate AbzKIRSSKQ-EDDnp that has a isoleucine residue at position P2, showing that the recombinant enzyme (HISCPXAC) prefer aliphatic amino acid residue in this position. Inhibitory experiments of enzyme activity were performed using different cysteine peptidase inhibitors including CaneCPI-1, CaneCPI-2, CaneCPI-3, CaneCPI-4 and E-64 (L- transepoxysuccinyl-leucylamido-[4- guanidino]butane), resulting in a constant of inhibition (Ki) of 84.64, 0.088, 0.10, 0.012 and 1.214 nM respectively. The polyclonal antibody anti- HISCPXAC was produced in mouse and Western blotting analysis revealed that the antibody was able to recognize the recombinant purified cysteine peptidase and also the native cysteine peptidase from Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri strain 306 cultivated in media inductor of pathogenicity. The same antibody did not recognize the protein in a Xac knockout strain for the cysteine peptidase gene. Our results suggest that the cysteine peptidase from Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri may be involved in the bacteria infection and/or virulence.
Algoritmo narfo para mineração de regras de associação generalizadas não redundantes baseada em uma ontologia difusa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-29)
Miani, Rafael Garcia Leonel
;
Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9487235096598355
Traditional approaches for mining generalized association rules are based only on database contents, and focus on exact matches among items. However, in many applications, the use of some background knowledge, as ontologies, can enhance the discovery process and generate semantically richer rules. In this way, this paper proposes the NARFO algorithm, a new algorithm for mining non-redundant and generalized association rules based on fuzzy ontologies. Fuzzy ontology is used as background knowledge, to support the discovery process and the generation of rules. One contribution of this work is the generalization of nonfrequent itemsets that helps to extract meaningful knowledge. NARFO algorithm also contributes at post-processing stage with its generalization and redundancy treatment.
Estudo dos efeitos biológicos de uma desintegrina recombinante do veneno da serpente Bothrops alternatus, DisBa-01, sobre a musculatura da parede abdominal após indução de hérnia incisional em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-29)
Oliveira, Claudio Ricardo de
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5091705745613726
INTRODUCTION: The incisional hernia (IH) is one of the most frequent complications after laparotomy, causing high rates of re-operations. Advances in suture material, in the guidelines for incisions, in the techniques of closure and use of dentures (screens), have failed in the elimination of this surgical complication. In this context, advances in the understanding of biological and structural changes of collagen may offer a new strategy in the treatment of IH, since the matrix disorders that induces the formation of primary hernia probably also affect the wound healing in laparotomies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a recombinant desintegrin (DisBa-01) on the abdominal muscle healing process with incisional hernia (IH) regarding the fibroblasts and vessels proliferation and matrix metalopeptidase activity as well. The role of α2 and anti- αvβ3 integrins were investigated by antibody competition. METHODS: IH was induced by sectioning of the midline in 20 Wistar rats, divided into two groups: control that received the topical application of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and DisBa-01 protein (0.5mg/Kg) dissolved in PBS. Another 10 rats were divided in two groups: one received anti-αVβ3 antibodies and the second anti-α2 subunit antibodies. At the end of 14 days, the animals were sacrificed and muscle fragments were stored in liquid nitrogen for determination of MMPs by zymography. The remaining fragments of the control and DisBa-01 groups were fixed in 10% formol in PBS (v/v). Blood vessels density, mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and collagen fibers were studied by optical microscopy in blue reticuline and Masson-trichrome. Data was analyzed by parametric tests were applied with critical level of 5%. RESULTS: All animals after surgical induction developed IH. However, after 14 days the persistence of the opened hernial ring in the controls but not in the DisBa-01 group. This protein induced the formation of a membrane that occluded the entire hernial ring. A significant increase in the number of mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, new vessels and MMP-2 activity was observed in DisBa-01 group (p<0.05). DisBa-01 group significant increased the collagen content. Anti-αVβ3 integrin antibodies produced similar results but not anti-α2 integrin blocking antibodies. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that DisBa-01 promoted vascular and fibroblastic cell proliferation and monocytic, and matrix remodeling. In addition, these results strongly indicate that αVβ3 integrin has an important role in the control of would healing and the blocking of this integrin may be an interesting therapeutical strategy in tissue repair conditions, including IH.
Aplicação de nanopartículas em filmes utilizados em embalagens para alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-30)
Aouada, Márcia Regina de Moura
;
Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2870655742911951
Dispersions composed of chitosan (CS) were obtained by the template polymerization (CS-PMAA) and ionotropic gelatinization (CS-TPP). The nanoparticles were analyzed by FT-IR analysis, particle size, zeta potential, electron microscopy (transmission and scanning), and TGA analysis. The nanoparticles obtained presented a very homogeneous morphology showing a quite uniform particles size distribution and a rather spherical shape. The particle size and zeta potential were dependent on the chitosan concentration used during the preparation method and pH. Different particles were incorporated in the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films in order to improve their properties. For this, a 3% HPMC (in w:v %) solution was prepared and added in this nanoparticles solutions of both syntheses. The films were characterized by mechanical (tensile, elongation and elastic modulus), barrier [water vapor (WVP) and oxygen], thickness, morphological, and thermal properties. The WVP of the control HPMC film was 0.79 g mm/kPa h m2. The WVP decreased significantly when CS-PMAA nanoparticles were incorporated to HPMC films. For example, WVP decreased to 0.64; 0.59 and 0.47 g mm/kPa h m2 for films containing 59, 82 and 110 nm, respectively. For CS-TPP nanoparticles the WVP decreased to 0.58; 0.45 and 0.33 g mm/kPa h m2 for films containing nanoparticles with 220, 110 and 85 nm, respectively. The same way, the mechanical properties of the HPMC films were strongly improved when CS nanoparticles were incorporated. In this way, HPMC films containing nanoparticles could be considered as promising materials for application in packaging for preservation of foods.
Estudos funcionais de inibidores de cisteíno peptidases da cana-de-açúcar e caracterização de uma cisteíno peptidase de Sphenophorus levis, uma importante praga da cultura canavieira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-30)
Dellamano, Marcia
;
Silva, Flávio Henrique da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6172605531468633
Cystatins are proteins that inhibit specifically cysteine peptidases. The Canecystatin 1 gene which codifies a protein containing 106 amino acids residues was identified in sugarcane and possesses significant similarity with Oryzacystatin, a cystatin from rice. In order to obtain a cystatin with improved activity, direct evolution experiments were carried out. A DNA shuffling library was constructed using these two cystatins. One clone named A10PL3 obtained from these shuffled cystatins was selected, expressed in E.coli, purified and an analyzed by activity assays. These results showed that the activity of hybrid protein A10PL3 increased, in particular regarding its inhibitory activity on cathepsin B compared with its two precursors. The present study aimed to revert the changes of individual clone A10PL3 through site-directed mutations, generating three mutant cystatins: Mutant I (Thr17Ile), Mutant II (Gln 84Leu) and Mutant III (Thr17Ile); (Gln84Leu). Assays for inhibitory activity against the human cathepsins B and L were performed. Structural studies were also made by means of molecular modeling of proteins by homology that were enabled to understand the molecular mechanisms related to improvement of the inhibitory activity of these cystatins. These studies therefore corroborate with the observed data previously which demonstrated the improvement of specific protein A10PL3 in cathepsin B inhibition (Ki 16 nM) in relation to their parents. The mutants I, II and III, did not present improvement in inhibitory activity against cathepsin B. The structural studies revealed that the mutations performed on cystatin A10PL3 destabilized the hydrophobic core making it more flexible, thus increasing the inhibitory activity on cathepsin B. The absence of interactions underlying the hydrophobic core resulted in a trend of lower solubility, probably due to their inability to adopt a compact formation, which resulted in the exposure of some residues which are part of that core, which can lead to aggregation and also contribute to increasing the flexibility of cystatin, influencing their inhibitory activity.
Obtenção e caracterização de perovskitas supercondutoras monocristalinas do tipo YxPr1-xBa2Cu3O7-δ dopadas por Fe, Ni, Ga e Zn
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-30)
Cichetto Júnior, Leonélio
;
Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7434408308350513
The Praseodymium is known to have a singular behavior in the family of cuprate superconductors of high critical temperature of the type RE-123. When these cuprates are doped with Praseodymium apparently critical temperature decreases, with a metalinsulator transition. The origin of this behavior is of fundamental interest, and it may provide an explanation for the mechanism of superconductivity at high temperatures, since any reasonable theory for this mechanism must explain the behavior of the system Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-δ, also called YPr-123. Through the experience gained by the research group to which we belong, and where this research project was developed, we continue the work begun by the PhD students Cecilia Stari and Alexandre Lanfredi. These two students have developed studies of polycrystalline YPr-123 family, and single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y-123) obtained by the method of Sol-Gel grown in crucibles of SnO2, respectively. None of them worked with the collection and characterization of single-crystalline samples of the system YPr-123, with special emphasis on Pr-rich samples, and that pure one, or PrBa2Cu3O7-δ (Pr-123). Studying to obtain and characterize samples of single-crystalline superconducting Pr-123 is the main goal of our Project Master. Besides obtaining samples of single-crystalline YPr-123 samples, in this master's work was studied the influence of cation doping in single crystals of composition Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-δ (YPr123) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Doping were performed with the elements Ga, Zn, Fe and Ni to study the behavior of superconductivity in these types of crystals. To obtain samples with a high degree of purity necessary for the study of their basic properties, were made our own SnO2 crucibles with high resistance to corrosion caused by self-flow used in the growth of crystals. Were also used Al2O3 and ZrO2CeO crucibles. The chemical composition and structural quality of these samples were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with the techniques of micro-analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Also, we have used measures of the magnetic susceptibility for the characterization of superconducting properties of all samples. The results indicated that the whole YPr-123 family shows superconductivity, which is still very controversial in the literature. Specifically about the compound PrBa2Cu3O7-δ we verified that the sample is a superconductor, with critical temperature around 98K. This important result allows us to conclude that the relevant factor to observe the presence of superconductivity in this family is the Argon atmosphere during the growth of single crystal, as has been pointed out by previous publications of our research group. The results found here characterize this work as unique in the study of single crystal samples of the family YPr-123.
Sistema hospedeiro-parasitoide associado à Piper glabratum Künth e P. mollicomum Künth (Piperaceae) no município de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-04)
Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3958236707152165
This work presents biology and ecology data of host parasitoid insects associated with two plant species of the genus Piper L. (Piperaceae) ‐ P. glabratum and P. mollicomum. The phytophagous species studied belong to the order Lepidoptera and their parasitoids to the Hymenoptera and Diptera. The samples were carried out by entomological umbrella; the collected caterpillars were brought to the laboratory and reared. The 16 sampling points are distributed in eight fragments within the municipality of São Carlos. In each patch one Malaise trap was installed for collection of adult parasitoids. Through rearing, many host‐parasitoid associations were recorded, the majority unknown until the present. Results obtained for herbivorous and their parasitoids (richness, density and parasitism percentage) were explicit spatial and temporally. We also analyzed the food webs through quantitative parasitoid webs. Based on those results we discussed some of the relationships between the three trophic levels and analyzed some aspects of this system with environmental variables and landscape. Our results were dominated by high frequency of occurrence of only one host species ‐ Eois tegularia; we reared over a thousand parasitoids on this species. Hence we concluded the strong correlation between the number of species and the abundance of parasitoids and hosts. Comparisons between herbivores and parasitoids fauna on each species of host plant supported the hypothesis that host plant has a direct influence on the third trophic level. The herbivores were synchronous for points of collection; the data of frequency of occurrence were strongly autocorrelated in time. They also responded to the percentage of forest cover, which explains much of the variation in its richness.
Síntese e caracterização de hidrogéis de poliacrilamida e metilcelulose para liberação controlada de pesticidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-07)
Aouada, Fauze Ahmad
;
Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8251270609012225
In this thesis, the preparation and characterization of hydrogels of methylcellulose (MC) mechanically supported in polyacrylamide (PAAm) network for controlled release of pesticide were reported. The controlled release of pesticide paraquat was investigated using UV-Visible spectroscopic technique. The results showed that the presence of MC increased the flexibility of the matrixes. By varying of acrylamide (AAm), cross-linker and MC concentrations, it was possible to obtain hydrogels with mechanical and hydrophilic properties controlled and optimized for some specific application. The swelling degree values varied from 10 to 210 g/g. The mechanical properties values (maximum compressive stress and modulus of elasticity) varied from 0.55 to 22.33 kPa and from 1.06 to 27.50 kPa, respectively. The kinetic and structural properties were strongly influenced by the AAm, MC, pH and ionic strength of swelling medium. The kinetic release control of pesticide (until 30 days) could be adjusted by controlling the wateruptake of the hydrogels through the AAm/MC ratio. Hydrogels based on PAAm and MC polymers could be considered as promising materials for application in agriculture, in special, controlled release of agrochemicals.
Letramento digital e professores de LE : formação para o uso das novas tecnologias em sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-08)
Pereira, Gabriela Imbernom
;
Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6895579467857387
It seems redundant, but not inopportune that we argue about the impact of technology upon men of this time when it comes to his way of living and interact with the world. The person of this new society has distinctive necessities that emerge from the requirements created by these new conditions of producing and distributing knowledge. When new technologies of information and communication are introduced in the society they promote the development of new modalities of social practices of reading and writing, which are characteristic of ciberculture (LEVY, 1999). This way, we understand that school becomes of one the social segments that is responsible for creating for these people possibilities of accessing this new way of producing and distributing knowledge. It is essential that we think how these new technologies of information and communication influence new pedagogical practices and if teachers are prepared to deal with them. For this reason, this study is intended to investigate the proposal of a discipline of pedagogical practice in a Letras course, which aims to contribute with the foreign language teacher, in a sense of providing him with conditions to develop the necessary competence of incorporating these new technologies of information and communication in his teaching. Therefore, our objective is to observe if the student-teacher, when accessing theories about the use of new technologies of information and communication as a teaching tool, is able to transfer this knowledge to his teaching practice. For this qualitative research of ethnographic base, it was used a semi-open questionnaire aiming to obtain information about the representation the student-teacher has about the teaching of a foreign language having the computer and the internet as a tool. Besides, the reflective diaries were the instruments that allowed us to collect data intending to analyze the progress of the development of the student-teachers, and also to verify if the representations they had about the use of new technologies of information and communication were modified after they reflected during the course. Lastly, foreign language classes using the new technologies of information and communication as a tool taught by the student-teachers were filmed in order to observe if the theoretical content of the course could be seen reflected in their practice. The data show the exposition of the studentteacher to the theoretical discussions during the course was relevant for their formation and contributed significantly for their teaching practice. Though it was also possible to be realized that even having been exposed to theories and discussions concerning the use of new technologies of information and communication in foreign language classes, the student-teacher cannot always translate them into an aware and theoretically founded practice.
Orchidaceae nativas da região central de São Paulo, Brasil: florística, interação com forófitos, proposta de novas espécies e propagação in vitro de uma espécie ameaçada de extinção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-08)
Ferreira, Alessandro Wagner Coelho
;
Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162
Aiming to know the sorts of Orchidaceae of the central region of the State of São Paulo, from 1996 and more intensively from 2005, visits were carried out in 125 forest fragments of 23 local municípios, with weekly periodicity and also, fortnightly. The collect were assistematics, being each fragment visited in the biggest number of points. The species not identified in field, had collected examples (with authorization of the IBAMA and Forest Institute of São Paulo) and cultivated at green house up to the blooming. At least the floral parts were herborized and deposited principally in the Herbarium of the Federal University of São Carlos. 219 species were registered in 98 genera: 64 % epiphytic (140 species), 35% terrestrian (77) and 1% halfepiphytes (two). 15,5% from epiphytic (32) are also rock plants and 0,4% from terrestrian (one) is micoheterotrofic. The species with bigger richness were: Acianthera (13 species), Habenaria (12 species), Epidendrum (11 species), Bulbophyllum e Campylocentrum (10 species each), Pelexia (seven species), Cyclopogon (six species) and Baptistonia, Cattleya, Cyrtopodium and Encyclia (five species each). Four species (Anathallis sp., Baskervilla sp., Pelexia sp., Triphora sp.) they are in study and can be new táxons. Triphora sp. is a species of new incident for São Paulo and Baskervilla sp. can be the second valid species in Brazil for the genera. Probably that elevated number of species found is due to the fact that the studied area represents a region with influence of savana and Atlantic forest. From the total species studied 44,7 % are considered practically extinct in the nature, 42 % is threatened of extinction and 13,2 % is common. This fact is due not only to the deforestation and to the forest fragmentation, but also to his great collect. Regarding the species epiphytes, studies were done on interaction between these and his host tree (hostness), with approach on ecological nets, nestled structures and the factors wrapped in these relations, being taken into account and, also, if the time of interaction between them, analyzed through the phylogeny of the orchids and host tree, contributed to such a interaction. The structure interconnected of the web of interactions between species can be described through a net (graphs), i.e. a set of points (apexes, knots) that can or not be connected through lines (edges, connections). In a net between organisms, the knots represent the species of a locality and, the lines, interactions between the species. The study of the structure of the nets, mutualistics or not, is still essentially in a descriptive phase. Pollination, dispersal of seeds and epiphytism, they have been studied and fitted in the category of non-trophic mutualistics relations in nets. The studies on interactions between communities can be usefull for the understanding which factors are wrapped in the origin and evolutive maintenance of them. This standard of interaction has been called nestled. A matrix was mounted describing the interactions between the species of orchids in the lines and the species of host tree in the columns. When there was interaction, the element aij of this matrix was considered 1 (one), when there was not this interation was considered 0 (zero). Through the NESTED program 3.0, was analyzed if the 139 species of epiphytic orchids were in structure nestled with 158 species of host tree, and also there was done the calculation of the rate NODF (Nestedness metric based on Overlap and Decerasing Fill). They were considered in the analyses, around 7.500 incidents of epiphytic orchids and 2.900 of host tree. For the phylogenetic analyses there was used the module PHYDIST of the program Phylocon 3.41. The drawings of the phylogenetic trees were done with help of IT ADDS-4 (Analyses des Données Ecologiques). The species of orchids that more interacted with the host tree were Polystachya spp., Rodriguesia decora (Lem.) Rchb. f. and Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl. The species of host tree that more they interacted with the orchids were: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Talauma ovata A. St.-Hill. and Inga edulis Mart. The analyses were done with ANINHADO 3.0 (with two model null tests to 5 %), they showed that the standard of interaction between the orchids and the host tree is nestled and that this nestedness is not casual (NODF = 0.30, P <0.001 for two null models). With Phylocon tests, there was discarded the hypothesis of which the time of evolutive interaction between the orchids and his host trees has contributed to this nestled standard of interaction. Probably, this nestled standard was developed due to attributes of the host tree, such as roughness of the bark, released substances exudated from cuticle and hidatodes, degree of inclination of the stem and branches, age dynamic of the top and moisture of the environment in which the host tree is (the most wet environments favor the establishment of a bigger number of species of orchids). Also, it was suggested what micorrizes already existent to the trees could contribute for the nestled interaction, as soon as the seeds of orchids only germinate in the nature, if associated to these fungus. It seems that the accumulation of organic matter in the surface of the host tree favors the appearance of the micorrizes (the majority is saprophytic), that for his time, favor the appearance of the orchids. For last, the propagation was carried out in vitro, of Baptistonia pubes (Lindl.) Chiron & V.P. Castro, a threatened species of extinction in the state of São Paulo. Such a propagation was for method assymbiotic. They were tested if the pH and the constitution of the medium of culture were influencing the germination, growth and of B. pubes development. The inoculation of the tiny seeds of this orchid was made using a micropipette. Were weighed 0,0001 of seeds grams of this orchid and diluted in 3,5 mL of water with Tween detergent. Prior countings appreciated the average of seeds found in each micropipetation (around 98). Besides the use of the culture media Murashig-Skoog (MS), another culture media was used dwarf banana added with NPK 20-20-20 Plant Prood (BAN). For germination and growth, the tested pHs were 5,2 and 6,2 (based on data available in the literature). However in the germination, the culture media MS had the concentration of the macronutrients half reduced. In the plantules obtained for chiming, the pH of germination it was of 5,2 (so much in the media MS/2 as in the environment BAN). The plantules were sowed and rung in laminating flow and cultivated in environment controlled for around eight months. They were analyzed after this period, the fresh mass, the length of the biggest root, the biggest length of the air part and the number of roots. The statistical analyses were based on the test of Tukey (5%). The seeds germinated on average 15 days after the inoculation, in all the conditions. The percentage of germination varied between 2,6 to 11,6 %, and the biggest percentage took place in pH=5,2 BAN and the shortest in pH=6,2 MS/2. The way BAN was more efficient in the germination. The pHs, in each environment, altered significantly the averages of the germinated seeds. The growth of the plantules showed better results in the nourishing medium with dwarf banana (pH=5,2), probably due to the complexity nutritional of this of culture media.
Desenvolvimento de um oftalmoscópio binocular indireto com sistema eletrônico cromático de iluminação e módulo de aquisição de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-13)
Oliveira, Thiago Bellini
;
Trevelin, Luis Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2016093511010960
Chromatic contrast is a technique used in some areas of medicine to provide better visualization of biological tissues. Based on principles of color composition, a new illumination system was constructed using colored emitting diodes to reproduce the spectral range of the visible light. This technique was devised to be used into indirect ophthalmoscopes to improve the visualization of the posterior segment of the eye.
Estudo da influência da adição de serragem de couro tratada quimicamente nas características de argamassas de cimento Portland
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-15)
Shih, Yung Yuan
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2866111560473325
The purpose of this study was to examine the major environmental concern for the large volume of toxic wastes generated by industries of tanneries and the search for a technological solution for the treatment of this waste. The attempt to tie the chromium ion present on residue, shave chrome leather, was used in three steps. In the first step, solutions were prepared with different pHs (acidic, neutral, and basic) and concentrations of residue, obtaining the solution called waste treated . In the second stage, cement pastes were obtained by mixture of the cement Portland, water, and addition of different proportions of waste treated (5 and 10% on the mass of cement). Normal test of consistency, workability, and the set time were applied on these pastes in its fresh state. Also, the pHs of the paste were evaluated to verify the influence of it on setting time. Finally, in the third stage, samples were prepared using mortar and after 28 days were physically characterized and tested for axial compressive strength. The most promising compositions were subjected for the structural characterization for analysis of the phases formed (DRX) and the microstructure (MEV / EDS). The results show that the reagents used for the pre-treatment of the residue are effective, but it causes some decrease of the mechanical strength of the mortar. The pHs of the waste treated do not modify that much on characteristic of the paste and mortar on the fresh and hardened state. It is expected that these results will contribute a solution to an environmental problem of a very important sector for Brazilian companies, which is industries of tannery for the production of leather.
Avaliação ecotoxicológica da adição de nitrato em sedimentos eutrofizados da Represa Ibirité (Betim MG): experimentos em microcosmos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-15)
Janke, Helena
;
Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5060724013325772
The objective of the present dissertation was to make a toxicity assessment of the application of calcium nitrate solution as a remediation procedure for sediments of a eutrophic aquatic ecosystem. The study was carried out using microcosms with superficial sediments and water from sediment-water interface of the Ibirité Reservoir located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, SE Brazil). The experiment lasted 135 days and the following treatment or incubation periods were applied: t=0, t=5, t=10, t=25, t=50, t=85 and t=135 days. In each period, one controlmicrocosm and three treatment-microcosms were disassembled and, chemically and ecotoxicologically analyzed. The organisms Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox® System) were used for the acute toxicity assessment of the water from sediment-water interface and the pore water of sediments, whereas the organism Chironomus xanthus was used for the toxicity assessment of bulk sediment. The toxicity tests were run in parallel with chemical analyzes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species (nitrate, nitrate and ammonium), sulfate, and metals in the interface sediment-water and interstitial water samples. Acid volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) and potentially bioavailable metals were analyzed in bulk sediment. The overall results indicate that nitrate whose concentration reached 1,200 mg N-NO3 - L-1 in sediment pore water samples from treatment-microcosms is the most probable compound causing toxicity to the tests organisms. For Chironomus xanthus sediments were deleterious to the exposed organisms in all microcosm run, except in the period of t= 135 days. For the experimental conditions of this work, the application of calcium nitrate as a remediation procedure for sediments from Ibirité Reservoir indicated to be inadequate from the ecotoxicological pint of view.