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Aplicação de nanopartículas em filmes utilizados em embalagens para alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-30)
Aouada, Márcia Regina de Moura
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2870655742911951
Dispersions composed of chitosan (CS) were obtained by the template polymerization (CS-PMAA) and ionotropic gelatinization (CS-TPP). The nanoparticles were analyzed by FT-IR analysis, particle size, zeta potential, electron microscopy (transmission and scanning), and TGA analysis. The nanoparticles obtained presented a very homogeneous morphology showing a quite uniform particles size distribution and a rather spherical shape. The particle size and zeta potential were dependent on the chitosan concentration used during the preparation method and pH. Different particles were incorporated in the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films in order to improve their properties. For this, a 3% HPMC (in w:v %) solution was prepared and added in this nanoparticles solutions of both syntheses. The films were characterized by mechanical (tensile, elongation and elastic modulus), barrier [water vapor (WVP) and oxygen], thickness, morphological, and thermal properties. The WVP of the control HPMC film was 0.79 g mm/kPa h m2. The WVP decreased significantly when CS-PMAA nanoparticles were incorporated to HPMC films. For example, WVP decreased to 0.64; 0.59 and 0.47 g mm/kPa h m2 for films containing 59, 82 and 110 nm, respectively. For CS-TPP nanoparticles the WVP decreased to 0.58; 0.45 and 0.33 g mm/kPa h m2 for films containing nanoparticles with 220, 110 and 85 nm, respectively. The same way, the mechanical properties of the HPMC films were strongly improved when CS nanoparticles were incorporated. In this way, HPMC films containing nanoparticles could be considered as promising materials for application in packaging for preservation of foods.
Estudos funcionais de inibidores de cisteíno peptidases da cana-de-açúcar e caracterização de uma cisteíno peptidase de Sphenophorus levis, uma importante praga da cultura canavieira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-30)
Dellamano, Marcia
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Silva, Flávio Henrique da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6172605531468633
Cystatins are proteins that inhibit specifically cysteine peptidases. The Canecystatin 1 gene which codifies a protein containing 106 amino acids residues was identified in sugarcane and possesses significant similarity with Oryzacystatin, a cystatin from rice. In order to obtain a cystatin with improved activity, direct evolution experiments were carried out. A DNA shuffling library was constructed using these two cystatins. One clone named A10PL3 obtained from these shuffled cystatins was selected, expressed in E.coli, purified and an analyzed by activity assays. These results showed that the activity of hybrid protein A10PL3 increased, in particular regarding its inhibitory activity on cathepsin B compared with its two precursors. The present study aimed to revert the changes of individual clone A10PL3 through site-directed mutations, generating three mutant cystatins: Mutant I (Thr17Ile), Mutant II (Gln 84Leu) and Mutant III (Thr17Ile); (Gln84Leu). Assays for inhibitory activity against the human cathepsins B and L were performed. Structural studies were also made by means of molecular modeling of proteins by homology that were enabled to understand the molecular mechanisms related to improvement of the inhibitory activity of these cystatins. These studies therefore corroborate with the observed data previously which demonstrated the improvement of specific protein A10PL3 in cathepsin B inhibition (Ki 16 nM) in relation to their parents. The mutants I, II and III, did not present improvement in inhibitory activity against cathepsin B. The structural studies revealed that the mutations performed on cystatin A10PL3 destabilized the hydrophobic core making it more flexible, thus increasing the inhibitory activity on cathepsin B. The absence of interactions underlying the hydrophobic core resulted in a trend of lower solubility, probably due to their inability to adopt a compact formation, which resulted in the exposure of some residues which are part of that core, which can lead to aggregation and also contribute to increasing the flexibility of cystatin, influencing their inhibitory activity.
Obtenção e caracterização de perovskitas supercondutoras monocristalinas do tipo YxPr1-xBa2Cu3O7-δ dopadas por Fe, Ni, Ga e Zn
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-04-30)
Cichetto Júnior, Leonélio
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7434408308350513
The Praseodymium is known to have a singular behavior in the family of cuprate superconductors of high critical temperature of the type RE-123. When these cuprates are doped with Praseodymium apparently critical temperature decreases, with a metalinsulator transition. The origin of this behavior is of fundamental interest, and it may provide an explanation for the mechanism of superconductivity at high temperatures, since any reasonable theory for this mechanism must explain the behavior of the system Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-δ, also called YPr-123. Through the experience gained by the research group to which we belong, and where this research project was developed, we continue the work begun by the PhD students Cecilia Stari and Alexandre Lanfredi. These two students have developed studies of polycrystalline YPr-123 family, and single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y-123) obtained by the method of Sol-Gel grown in crucibles of SnO2, respectively. None of them worked with the collection and characterization of single-crystalline samples of the system YPr-123, with special emphasis on Pr-rich samples, and that pure one, or PrBa2Cu3O7-δ (Pr-123). Studying to obtain and characterize samples of single-crystalline superconducting Pr-123 is the main goal of our Project Master. Besides obtaining samples of single-crystalline YPr-123 samples, in this master's work was studied the influence of cation doping in single crystals of composition Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-δ (YPr123) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Doping were performed with the elements Ga, Zn, Fe and Ni to study the behavior of superconductivity in these types of crystals. To obtain samples with a high degree of purity necessary for the study of their basic properties, were made our own SnO2 crucibles with high resistance to corrosion caused by self-flow used in the growth of crystals. Were also used Al2O3 and ZrO2CeO crucibles. The chemical composition and structural quality of these samples were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with the techniques of micro-analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Also, we have used measures of the magnetic susceptibility for the characterization of superconducting properties of all samples. The results indicated that the whole YPr-123 family shows superconductivity, which is still very controversial in the literature. Specifically about the compound PrBa2Cu3O7-δ we verified that the sample is a superconductor, with critical temperature around 98K. This important result allows us to conclude that the relevant factor to observe the presence of superconductivity in this family is the Argon atmosphere during the growth of single crystal, as has been pointed out by previous publications of our research group. The results found here characterize this work as unique in the study of single crystal samples of the family YPr-123.
Sistema hospedeiro-parasitoide associado à Piper glabratum Künth e P. mollicomum Künth (Piperaceae) no município de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-04)
Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3958236707152165
This work presents biology and ecology data of host parasitoid insects associated with two plant species of the genus Piper L. (Piperaceae) ‐ P. glabratum and P. mollicomum. The phytophagous species studied belong to the order Lepidoptera and their parasitoids to the Hymenoptera and Diptera. The samples were carried out by entomological umbrella; the collected caterpillars were brought to the laboratory and reared. The 16 sampling points are distributed in eight fragments within the municipality of São Carlos. In each patch one Malaise trap was installed for collection of adult parasitoids. Through rearing, many host‐parasitoid associations were recorded, the majority unknown until the present. Results obtained for herbivorous and their parasitoids (richness, density and parasitism percentage) were explicit spatial and temporally. We also analyzed the food webs through quantitative parasitoid webs. Based on those results we discussed some of the relationships between the three trophic levels and analyzed some aspects of this system with environmental variables and landscape. Our results were dominated by high frequency of occurrence of only one host species ‐ Eois tegularia; we reared over a thousand parasitoids on this species. Hence we concluded the strong correlation between the number of species and the abundance of parasitoids and hosts. Comparisons between herbivores and parasitoids fauna on each species of host plant supported the hypothesis that host plant has a direct influence on the third trophic level. The herbivores were synchronous for points of collection; the data of frequency of occurrence were strongly autocorrelated in time. They also responded to the percentage of forest cover, which explains much of the variation in its richness.
Síntese e caracterização de hidrogéis de poliacrilamida e metilcelulose para liberação controlada de pesticidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-07)
Aouada, Fauze Ahmad
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8251270609012225
In this thesis, the preparation and characterization of hydrogels of methylcellulose (MC) mechanically supported in polyacrylamide (PAAm) network for controlled release of pesticide were reported. The controlled release of pesticide paraquat was investigated using UV-Visible spectroscopic technique. The results showed that the presence of MC increased the flexibility of the matrixes. By varying of acrylamide (AAm), cross-linker and MC concentrations, it was possible to obtain hydrogels with mechanical and hydrophilic properties controlled and optimized for some specific application. The swelling degree values varied from 10 to 210 g/g. The mechanical properties values (maximum compressive stress and modulus of elasticity) varied from 0.55 to 22.33 kPa and from 1.06 to 27.50 kPa, respectively. The kinetic and structural properties were strongly influenced by the AAm, MC, pH and ionic strength of swelling medium. The kinetic release control of pesticide (until 30 days) could be adjusted by controlling the wateruptake of the hydrogels through the AAm/MC ratio. Hydrogels based on PAAm and MC polymers could be considered as promising materials for application in agriculture, in special, controlled release of agrochemicals.
Letramento digital e professores de LE : formação para o uso das novas tecnologias em sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-08)
Pereira, Gabriela Imbernom
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6895579467857387
It seems redundant, but not inopportune that we argue about the impact of technology upon men of this time when it comes to his way of living and interact with the world. The person of this new society has distinctive necessities that emerge from the requirements created by these new conditions of producing and distributing knowledge. When new technologies of information and communication are introduced in the society they promote the development of new modalities of social practices of reading and writing, which are characteristic of ciberculture (LEVY, 1999). This way, we understand that school becomes of one the social segments that is responsible for creating for these people possibilities of accessing this new way of producing and distributing knowledge. It is essential that we think how these new technologies of information and communication influence new pedagogical practices and if teachers are prepared to deal with them. For this reason, this study is intended to investigate the proposal of a discipline of pedagogical practice in a Letras course, which aims to contribute with the foreign language teacher, in a sense of providing him with conditions to develop the necessary competence of incorporating these new technologies of information and communication in his teaching. Therefore, our objective is to observe if the student-teacher, when accessing theories about the use of new technologies of information and communication as a teaching tool, is able to transfer this knowledge to his teaching practice. For this qualitative research of ethnographic base, it was used a semi-open questionnaire aiming to obtain information about the representation the student-teacher has about the teaching of a foreign language having the computer and the internet as a tool. Besides, the reflective diaries were the instruments that allowed us to collect data intending to analyze the progress of the development of the student-teachers, and also to verify if the representations they had about the use of new technologies of information and communication were modified after they reflected during the course. Lastly, foreign language classes using the new technologies of information and communication as a tool taught by the student-teachers were filmed in order to observe if the theoretical content of the course could be seen reflected in their practice. The data show the exposition of the studentteacher to the theoretical discussions during the course was relevant for their formation and contributed significantly for their teaching practice. Though it was also possible to be realized that even having been exposed to theories and discussions concerning the use of new technologies of information and communication in foreign language classes, the student-teacher cannot always translate them into an aware and theoretically founded practice.
Orchidaceae nativas da região central de São Paulo, Brasil: florística, interação com forófitos, proposta de novas espécies e propagação in vitro de uma espécie ameaçada de extinção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-08)
Ferreira, Alessandro Wagner Coelho
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Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162
Aiming to know the sorts of Orchidaceae of the central region of the State of São Paulo, from 1996 and more intensively from 2005, visits were carried out in 125 forest fragments of 23 local municípios, with weekly periodicity and also, fortnightly. The collect were assistematics, being each fragment visited in the biggest number of points. The species not identified in field, had collected examples (with authorization of the IBAMA and Forest Institute of São Paulo) and cultivated at green house up to the blooming. At least the floral parts were herborized and deposited principally in the Herbarium of the Federal University of São Carlos. 219 species were registered in 98 genera: 64 % epiphytic (140 species), 35% terrestrian (77) and 1% halfepiphytes (two). 15,5% from epiphytic (32) are also rock plants and 0,4% from terrestrian (one) is micoheterotrofic. The species with bigger richness were: Acianthera (13 species), Habenaria (12 species), Epidendrum (11 species), Bulbophyllum e Campylocentrum (10 species each), Pelexia (seven species), Cyclopogon (six species) and Baptistonia, Cattleya, Cyrtopodium and Encyclia (five species each). Four species (Anathallis sp., Baskervilla sp., Pelexia sp., Triphora sp.) they are in study and can be new táxons. Triphora sp. is a species of new incident for São Paulo and Baskervilla sp. can be the second valid species in Brazil for the genera. Probably that elevated number of species found is due to the fact that the studied area represents a region with influence of savana and Atlantic forest. From the total species studied 44,7 % are considered practically extinct in the nature, 42 % is threatened of extinction and 13,2 % is common. This fact is due not only to the deforestation and to the forest fragmentation, but also to his great collect. Regarding the species epiphytes, studies were done on interaction between these and his host tree (hostness), with approach on ecological nets, nestled structures and the factors wrapped in these relations, being taken into account and, also, if the time of interaction between them, analyzed through the phylogeny of the orchids and host tree, contributed to such a interaction. The structure interconnected of the web of interactions between species can be described through a net (graphs), i.e. a set of points (apexes, knots) that can or not be connected through lines (edges, connections). In a net between organisms, the knots represent the species of a locality and, the lines, interactions between the species. The study of the structure of the nets, mutualistics or not, is still essentially in a descriptive phase. Pollination, dispersal of seeds and epiphytism, they have been studied and fitted in the category of non-trophic mutualistics relations in nets. The studies on interactions between communities can be usefull for the understanding which factors are wrapped in the origin and evolutive maintenance of them. This standard of interaction has been called nestled. A matrix was mounted describing the interactions between the species of orchids in the lines and the species of host tree in the columns. When there was interaction, the element aij of this matrix was considered 1 (one), when there was not this interation was considered 0 (zero). Through the NESTED program 3.0, was analyzed if the 139 species of epiphytic orchids were in structure nestled with 158 species of host tree, and also there was done the calculation of the rate NODF (Nestedness metric based on Overlap and Decerasing Fill). They were considered in the analyses, around 7.500 incidents of epiphytic orchids and 2.900 of host tree. For the phylogenetic analyses there was used the module PHYDIST of the program Phylocon 3.41. The drawings of the phylogenetic trees were done with help of IT ADDS-4 (Analyses des Données Ecologiques). The species of orchids that more interacted with the host tree were Polystachya spp., Rodriguesia decora (Lem.) Rchb. f. and Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl. The species of host tree that more they interacted with the orchids were: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Talauma ovata A. St.-Hill. and Inga edulis Mart. The analyses were done with ANINHADO 3.0 (with two model null tests to 5 %), they showed that the standard of interaction between the orchids and the host tree is nestled and that this nestedness is not casual (NODF = 0.30, P <0.001 for two null models). With Phylocon tests, there was discarded the hypothesis of which the time of evolutive interaction between the orchids and his host trees has contributed to this nestled standard of interaction. Probably, this nestled standard was developed due to attributes of the host tree, such as roughness of the bark, released substances exudated from cuticle and hidatodes, degree of inclination of the stem and branches, age dynamic of the top and moisture of the environment in which the host tree is (the most wet environments favor the establishment of a bigger number of species of orchids). Also, it was suggested what micorrizes already existent to the trees could contribute for the nestled interaction, as soon as the seeds of orchids only germinate in the nature, if associated to these fungus. It seems that the accumulation of organic matter in the surface of the host tree favors the appearance of the micorrizes (the majority is saprophytic), that for his time, favor the appearance of the orchids. For last, the propagation was carried out in vitro, of Baptistonia pubes (Lindl.) Chiron & V.P. Castro, a threatened species of extinction in the state of São Paulo. Such a propagation was for method assymbiotic. They were tested if the pH and the constitution of the medium of culture were influencing the germination, growth and of B. pubes development. The inoculation of the tiny seeds of this orchid was made using a micropipette. Were weighed 0,0001 of seeds grams of this orchid and diluted in 3,5 mL of water with Tween detergent. Prior countings appreciated the average of seeds found in each micropipetation (around 98). Besides the use of the culture media Murashig-Skoog (MS), another culture media was used dwarf banana added with NPK 20-20-20 Plant Prood (BAN). For germination and growth, the tested pHs were 5,2 and 6,2 (based on data available in the literature). However in the germination, the culture media MS had the concentration of the macronutrients half reduced. In the plantules obtained for chiming, the pH of germination it was of 5,2 (so much in the media MS/2 as in the environment BAN). The plantules were sowed and rung in laminating flow and cultivated in environment controlled for around eight months. They were analyzed after this period, the fresh mass, the length of the biggest root, the biggest length of the air part and the number of roots. The statistical analyses were based on the test of Tukey (5%). The seeds germinated on average 15 days after the inoculation, in all the conditions. The percentage of germination varied between 2,6 to 11,6 %, and the biggest percentage took place in pH=5,2 BAN and the shortest in pH=6,2 MS/2. The way BAN was more efficient in the germination. The pHs, in each environment, altered significantly the averages of the germinated seeds. The growth of the plantules showed better results in the nourishing medium with dwarf banana (pH=5,2), probably due to the complexity nutritional of this of culture media.
Desenvolvimento de um oftalmoscópio binocular indireto com sistema eletrônico cromático de iluminação e módulo de aquisição de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-13)
Oliveira, Thiago Bellini
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2016093511010960
Chromatic contrast is a technique used in some areas of medicine to provide better visualization of biological tissues. Based on principles of color composition, a new illumination system was constructed using colored emitting diodes to reproduce the spectral range of the visible light. This technique was devised to be used into indirect ophthalmoscopes to improve the visualization of the posterior segment of the eye.
Estudo da influência da adição de serragem de couro tratada quimicamente nas características de argamassas de cimento Portland
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-15)
Shih, Yung Yuan
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2866111560473325
The purpose of this study was to examine the major environmental concern for the large volume of toxic wastes generated by industries of tanneries and the search for a technological solution for the treatment of this waste. The attempt to tie the chromium ion present on residue, shave chrome leather, was used in three steps. In the first step, solutions were prepared with different pHs (acidic, neutral, and basic) and concentrations of residue, obtaining the solution called waste treated . In the second stage, cement pastes were obtained by mixture of the cement Portland, water, and addition of different proportions of waste treated (5 and 10% on the mass of cement). Normal test of consistency, workability, and the set time were applied on these pastes in its fresh state. Also, the pHs of the paste were evaluated to verify the influence of it on setting time. Finally, in the third stage, samples were prepared using mortar and after 28 days were physically characterized and tested for axial compressive strength. The most promising compositions were subjected for the structural characterization for analysis of the phases formed (DRX) and the microstructure (MEV / EDS). The results show that the reagents used for the pre-treatment of the residue are effective, but it causes some decrease of the mechanical strength of the mortar. The pHs of the waste treated do not modify that much on characteristic of the paste and mortar on the fresh and hardened state. It is expected that these results will contribute a solution to an environmental problem of a very important sector for Brazilian companies, which is industries of tannery for the production of leather.
Avaliação ecotoxicológica da adição de nitrato em sedimentos eutrofizados da Represa Ibirité (Betim MG): experimentos em microcosmos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-15)
Janke, Helena
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Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5060724013325772
The objective of the present dissertation was to make a toxicity assessment of the application of calcium nitrate solution as a remediation procedure for sediments of a eutrophic aquatic ecosystem. The study was carried out using microcosms with superficial sediments and water from sediment-water interface of the Ibirité Reservoir located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, SE Brazil). The experiment lasted 135 days and the following treatment or incubation periods were applied: t=0, t=5, t=10, t=25, t=50, t=85 and t=135 days. In each period, one controlmicrocosm and three treatment-microcosms were disassembled and, chemically and ecotoxicologically analyzed. The organisms Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox® System) were used for the acute toxicity assessment of the water from sediment-water interface and the pore water of sediments, whereas the organism Chironomus xanthus was used for the toxicity assessment of bulk sediment. The toxicity tests were run in parallel with chemical analyzes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species (nitrate, nitrate and ammonium), sulfate, and metals in the interface sediment-water and interstitial water samples. Acid volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) and potentially bioavailable metals were analyzed in bulk sediment. The overall results indicate that nitrate whose concentration reached 1,200 mg N-NO3 - L-1 in sediment pore water samples from treatment-microcosms is the most probable compound causing toxicity to the tests organisms. For Chironomus xanthus sediments were deleterious to the exposed organisms in all microcosm run, except in the period of t= 135 days. For the experimental conditions of this work, the application of calcium nitrate as a remediation procedure for sediments from Ibirité Reservoir indicated to be inadequate from the ecotoxicological pint of view.
A midiatização das patentes sob o olhar CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-15)
Mazocco, Fabricio José
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Sousa, Cidoval Morais de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573233540937425
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7934562455367253
This paper intends to study patents as a media information source. This research identified the characteristics of this techno-scientific product that somehow calls press media s attention; also, it aims to set discussions on the relation between media and patents from STS studies (Science, Technology and Society). It took as empirical object the newspapers Gazeta Mercantil (GM) and Valor Econômico (VE). All news about patents, involving aspects such as legal issues involving patents protection, patents seen as an innovation sign, patent as an instrument for Science and Technology (S&T) construction, patents system, technical details about patents, and others. This paper starts in a presumption: mass media still approach patents in an economical way and follows offer-line model logics in this way, basic research is followed by applied research and later by technological development that allows new products and society benefits. Methodology of content analysis was used on news about patents. It was verified that patents, a product of techno-science, has elements to make it a precious source of information to mass media. When dealing with the necessary requirements in order to patent any innovation, foreseen in law, we stand out the importance to divulge it, in order to spread not only technical issues but also social elements.
Gavagem de NaCl hipertônico induz ingestão de bicarbonato de sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-17)
Constancio, Juliana
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Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9323299663203625
The literature shows that gavage of 2 M NaCl, a method to induce cell dehydration, induces water and 0.15 M NaCl intake in a two-bottle test. However, the hypertonic NaCl is also known as a mild gastric irritant, which possibly erodes the protective barriers of the gastric mucosa. Therefore, the present work tested the hypothesis that gavage of 2 M NaCl induces mineral intake as a response to gastric irritation. If the gastric irritation is an important factor to induce mineral solution intake, then we can predict that 1) mechanical protectors of the gastric mucosa inhibits the mineral solution intake induced by gavage of NaCl and 2) other irritants such as ethanol and acetic acid, should induce mineral solution intake as the gavage of NaCl did. In previous experiments with adult male Holtzman rats, gavage of 2 M NaCl induced ingestion of appreciable quantities of NaHCO3 and KCl solutions in a five-bottle test (water, 0.01 M KCl, 0.05 mM CaCl2, 0.15 M NaHCO3, 0.15 M NaCl), showing that the effect is not selective for NaCl intake. In subsequent experiments, the animals had access to water and the two preferred mineral solutions (0.01 M KCl and 0.15 M NaHCO3) for ingestion. The ingestion of these solutions was not inhibited by the protective agents of the gastric mucosa, such as aluminum hydroxide, or the NaHCO3, combined with gavage of 2 M NaCl. Non-sodic irritants (50% ethanol or 0.6 N acetic acid) were not able to induce any mineral intake. Furthermore, ethanol - determined by macroscopic inspection as the sole aggressive irritant of the gastric mucosa induced kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate) intake, a mineral that protects the rat against toxemia-induced malaise. Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, injected intracerebroventricularly, inhibited in a dose-response manner the fluid intake induced by gavage of NaCl. The results suggest that NaHCO3 intake induced by gavage of hypertonic NaCl: a) is consistent to cell dehydration rather than to a gastric irritation and b) is mediated by angiotensin II.
CRISTA: um apoio computacional para atividades de inspeção e compreensão de código
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-18)
Porto, Daniel de Paula
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4163096024457599
Software inspection is a key activity of software quality assurance that can be applied in the whole development process since it is a static activity essentially based on reading. Depending on the artifact that is being inspected, we need to apply the appropriated reading technique. Stepwise Abstraction (SA) is a reading technique commonly used in code inspections. However, its application is laborious and time consuming. Aiming to help and facilitate the application of SA, this work presents CRISTA (Code Reading Implemented with Stepwise Abstraction), a tool to support SA-based inspection processes. This tool uses a visual metaphor to facilitate code navigation and has several resources to help program understanding and documentation. Due to these resources, CRISTA is also helpful for reverse engineering, re-engineering and maintenance activities. Three experimental studies were carried out to get feedback on the tool usability and usefulness for inspections and maintenance activities. The results provide insights that CRISTA is easy to use and adequately supports the inspection process as well as code reading by Stepwise Abstraction. Besides, in the context of maintenance, its resources make this activity less time-consuming.
Filosofia e Psicologia em William James
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-18)
Araki, Mauro Junji
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8370119669146959
Um retrato do extrativismo: a sustentabilidade na exploração comercial da ostra de mangue em Cananéia-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-19)
Machado, Ingrid Cabral
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Nordi, Nivaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9486063184618880
Currently, the mangrove oyster Crassostrea sp. is one of the most important fishery resources exploited by the artisanal fishery setor of the Cananéia estuary, responsible for the livelihood of 60 families of extractivists for some decades. The production system can be characterized as rudimental, involving the extraction in mangrove and its direct marketing or previous fattening in structures like trays. The oyster is marketed exclusively in natura and depuration is the only form of improvement, involving a few extractivists. The socioecological system of the oyster extractivism has been target of several interventions, since actions promoted by government agencies, to organize the production chain, till external pressures, like the market ones, which act on the management and commercial practices, affecting the sustainability of the activity. The objective of the present exertion was from the study of characteristics, management and marketing practices of the oysters extractivists groups from Cananéia, to identify the factors that affect the sustainability and to provide subsides to support the management of the activity. For that the socio-economical and productive profile of the users was studied, and the production of oysters in Cananéia, the local commercialization processes, the natural stock of oysters and the productive areas were analyzed. The identified groups of extractivists were compared, and the trends relating to the sustainability of the activity in the ecological, economic, social, technological and ethical dimensions were analyzed. The Mandira group, beneficiary of a considerable number of public interventions, was the group whose performance in the analysis of sustainability was comparatively better. In the extreme opposite, the Porto Cubatão group presented the worst performance in almost all dimensions studied, a fact associated with the small group experience in the activity. As the Porto Cubatão group much as all others located in intermediate position, even though tend to sustainability in specific dimensions, are more susceptible to crises caused by unexpected changes in the system. In the Mandira group, in spite of a better structure, the progress is fragile and it is necessary to consolidate it. The social, technological and ethical dimensions had negative influence on the trends of sustainability and should be considered as priorities in the actions of management. The aspects identified as strategic to improve the possibilities of sustainability of the activity were: encouraging the "fattening" activity of fattening of oysters as well as the replacement of the forms of sale box and desmariscada by production of oysters in dozens ; limiting the entry to the activity; restrainting the illegal commercialization and the processing technology and expanding the user s participation in the management of the activity.
Os saberes docentes de licenciandos e a busca da identidade profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-19)
Santos, Mariana dos
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Freitas, Denise de
The main objective of this research was to identify and interpret the knowledge about teaching constructed by Biological Science students, in a public institution of higher education during their first experiences on the apprenticeship and the role of this knowledge on a identification with the teaching profession. To conduct this research, a qualitative and naturalistic one, it was selected six students and used as instruments to get data their field journals, narratives of their Life History and testimonials of each. For analysis of the results we organized a network of references, using the concept of Teacher Knowledges proposed by Tardif (2007), the explanation of dilemmas in the early career, in works of Sadalla (2005) and Zabalza (1994) and the dimension of subjectivity in process of teaching learning using some references of Psychoanalysis, as Barolli & Villani (2006) and Lacan. From the manifest content analysis of the student at different times of the stage, we trace a route in its trajectory, which would view the choice and identification with the teaching profession. We Show that the choice is influenced by family and school contexts, and teachers are one of the major influencers of this choice. The academic knowledges were considered important and essential, but the apprenticeship was considered the greater knowledge mobilization moment, that could, or couldn t, take them to an identification with the teaching profession. The clash with reality was the main reason why the apprenticeship was considered an outstanding moment for them and also the reason of the first crisis with the professional choice. We conclude that the students do not build a more permanent identification with the teaching profession at this moment. However, they set some marks in their performances, which will continue throughout your professional life.
Construção da camada de interface gráfica e de um wizard para o framework GRENJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-20)
Viana, Matheus Carvalho
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0839323666578855
Enterprises need information systems for executing their processes on an efficient way. Market demands that these systems are developed at short term, at low cost and they need to get high quality and flexibility. Reuse is a concept of Software Engineering that aims to take this demand into consideration with the reutilization of artefacts, previously built and tested, for developing new systems. Information systems can be developed with reuse-based techniques, such as object-oriented frameworks and application generators. This project presents the process of construction of the graphical user interface layer and an application generator wizard of GRENJ (Business Resource Management implemented in Java, in Portuguese, Gestão de REcursos de Negócios com implementação em Java) framework. In this process, Guiwe (Graphical user interface for web) framework was created to support the building and the instantiation of the graphical user interface layer of GRENJ, which makes use of Java language plus web technologies. The wizard of GRENJ framework was developed with the use of a configurable application generator and the creation of templates and the GRENJ-Gens tool. This tool provides the instantiation of systems on GRENJ framework with the support of different application generators that can utilize the templates of that framework. The graphical user interface and the wizard layers were built on an iterative and intercalated way following the sequence of the patterns of GRN (Business Resource Management, in Portuguese, Gestão de Recursos de Negócios), witch is the pattern language that originated GRENJ framework. Beyond this, the practice of test-driven development was also applied. The advantages of using GRENJ framework with its graphical user interface and its wizard layers were verified with the realization of some case studies.
Montagens e desmontagens: vergonha, estigma e desejo na construção das travestilidades na adolescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-20)
Duque, Tiago
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Escudeiro, Richard Miskolci
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623888309974862
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923842290182625
This research analyses some teenager travestilities in a social net in the city of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The thesis follows a Queer theoretical approach with an ethnographic field that united observation, face to face interviews and also via Messenger and Orkut (an online social site). It focus on new travestilities identity processes that have been built with different references in comparison to older generations of Brazilian travesties: especially less interest in following the motto of being dressed like a woman 24 hours and a restriction in the use of liquid silicon. These teenagers have tried to manipulate their social identities in a tatic and sometimes strategic way - through a process of building the feminine with the use of clothes, wigs and other accessories (montage) and taking them off to present themselves in a masculine performance (desmontagem). We adopt a historical and contextual perspective to understand how these teenager experiences marked by stigma and shame expresses ways of dealing with the closet apparatus. This perspective also emphasizes a sociological comprehension of their subjectivities. The thesis shows a preliminary analysis of how these new body and subjective experiences constitute a mix of resistance and insertion in hegemonic codes of sexuality and gender.
Análise dos canais de distribuição do etanol carburante brasileiro: um estudo exploratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-22)
Lopes, Maíra Bacha
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Silva, Andrea Lago da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0629721800836383
The development of flexible-fuel engines and the necessity of an alternative source of energy to the oil (Petroleum) have leaded the ethanol distribution process into a new configuration. These changes brought forth new opportunities to the Brazilian sugarcane ethanol fuel industry and new directions to the development of ethanol marketing channels in the national and international levels. In face of these macro-environmental changes, which increment the ethanol participation in the internal market, it is necessary to understand the structure of the marketing channels and how transactions between channel s members occur. In this context, the current research main goal is to characterize how the ethanol marketing channels are structured and how transactions (in the licit market) between members of this channel occur. The research was conducted as a multiple case study by collecting data from personal interviews with 14 companies representatives of the marketing channels of ethanol (sugarcane ethanol industries, marketing groups, distributors and retail stations) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data analysis was conduct under the marketing channels and cost transactions economy theories. The main contributions of this research are the characterization of these marketing channels, by identifying each member s functions according to the main marketing flows for which they are responsible, how specific are the transactions and how they occur considering the governance structures between ethanol plants and fuel distributors, between fuel distributors and retail stations, and identifying the types of power involved in the process of distribution/commercialization of the ethanol fuel.
Uso de um framework transversal na camada de persistência do GRENJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-22)
Zanon, Ivan Botacini
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6433095007476749
Reuse of software artifacts, code, concepts and models of existing systems makes software development more agile, as well as provides higher quality process and products. Application Frameworks represents a reuse technique characterized by a model of an uncompleted application that satisfies the specifications of a certain domain and has to be customized to satisfy the requirements of a specific software system. Frameworks can be built under the object or aspect-oriented programming paradigms. Crosscutting Frameworks, a special kind of aspect-oriented framework are uncompleted structures that implements specifics crosscutting concerns that can be coupled to any base code. Therefore, the use of crosscutting frameworks in a generic structure that will be specialized, as an application framework, deserves attention and there is a lack of information about this topic in the literature. This master's thesis presents the GRENJFT application framework which was built from the insertion of a crosscutting framework, responsible for the persistence concern, to the GRENJ application framework structure. GRENJ-FT has the persistence concern isolated in a suitable way, what eases its comprehension and new application instantiations by users. Also the maintenances made in the GRENJ and crosscutting framework's structures, to enable this coupling are presented. Case Studies were conducted to verify that application's instantiations and functionality provided by the GRENJ remained the same in the GRENJ-FT.