Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-05-17"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20878

Gavagem de NaCl hipertônico induz ingestão de bicarbonato de sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-17)
Constancio, Juliana
;
Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9323299663203625
The literature shows that gavage of 2 M NaCl, a method to induce cell dehydration, induces water and 0.15 M NaCl intake in a two-bottle test. However, the hypertonic NaCl is also known as a mild gastric irritant, which possibly erodes the protective barriers of the gastric mucosa. Therefore, the present work tested the hypothesis that gavage of 2 M NaCl induces mineral intake as a response to gastric irritation. If the gastric irritation is an important factor to induce mineral solution intake, then we can predict that 1) mechanical protectors of the gastric mucosa inhibits the mineral solution intake induced by gavage of NaCl and 2) other irritants such as ethanol and acetic acid, should induce mineral solution intake as the gavage of NaCl did. In previous experiments with adult male Holtzman rats, gavage of 2 M NaCl induced ingestion of appreciable quantities of NaHCO3 and KCl solutions in a five-bottle test (water, 0.01 M KCl, 0.05 mM CaCl2, 0.15 M NaHCO3, 0.15 M NaCl), showing that the effect is not selective for NaCl intake. In subsequent experiments, the animals had access to water and the two preferred mineral solutions (0.01 M KCl and 0.15 M NaHCO3) for ingestion. The ingestion of these solutions was not inhibited by the protective agents of the gastric mucosa, such as aluminum hydroxide, or the NaHCO3, combined with gavage of 2 M NaCl. Non-sodic irritants (50% ethanol or 0.6 N acetic acid) were not able to induce any mineral intake. Furthermore, ethanol - determined by macroscopic inspection as the sole aggressive irritant of the gastric mucosa induced kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate) intake, a mineral that protects the rat against toxemia-induced malaise. Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, injected intracerebroventricularly, inhibited in a dose-response manner the fluid intake induced by gavage of NaCl. The results suggest that NaHCO3 intake induced by gavage of hypertonic NaCl: a) is consistent to cell dehydration rather than to a gastric irritation and b) is mediated by angiotensin II.
CRISTA: um apoio computacional para atividades de inspeção e compreensão de código
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-18)
Porto, Daniel de Paula
;
Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4163096024457599
Software inspection is a key activity of software quality assurance that can be applied in the whole development process since it is a static activity essentially based on reading. Depending on the artifact that is being inspected, we need to apply the appropriated reading technique. Stepwise Abstraction (SA) is a reading technique commonly used in code inspections. However, its application is laborious and time consuming. Aiming to help and facilitate the application of SA, this work presents CRISTA (Code Reading Implemented with Stepwise Abstraction), a tool to support SA-based inspection processes. This tool uses a visual metaphor to facilitate code navigation and has several resources to help program understanding and documentation. Due to these resources, CRISTA is also helpful for reverse engineering, re-engineering and maintenance activities. Three experimental studies were carried out to get feedback on the tool usability and usefulness for inspections and maintenance activities. The results provide insights that CRISTA is easy to use and adequately supports the inspection process as well as code reading by Stepwise Abstraction. Besides, in the context of maintenance, its resources make this activity less time-consuming.
Filosofia e Psicologia em William James
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-18)
Araki, Mauro Junji
;
Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8370119669146959
Um retrato do extrativismo: a sustentabilidade na exploração comercial da ostra de mangue em Cananéia-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-19)
Machado, Ingrid Cabral
;
Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9486063184618880
Currently, the mangrove oyster Crassostrea sp. is one of the most important fishery resources exploited by the artisanal fishery setor of the Cananéia estuary, responsible for the livelihood of 60 families of extractivists for some decades. The production system can be characterized as rudimental, involving the extraction in mangrove and its direct marketing or previous fattening in structures like trays. The oyster is marketed exclusively in natura and depuration is the only form of improvement, involving a few extractivists. The socioecological system of the oyster extractivism has been target of several interventions, since actions promoted by government agencies, to organize the production chain, till external pressures, like the market ones, which act on the management and commercial practices, affecting the sustainability of the activity. The objective of the present exertion was from the study of characteristics, management and marketing practices of the oysters extractivists groups from Cananéia, to identify the factors that affect the sustainability and to provide subsides to support the management of the activity. For that the socio-economical and productive profile of the users was studied, and the production of oysters in Cananéia, the local commercialization processes, the natural stock of oysters and the productive areas were analyzed. The identified groups of extractivists were compared, and the trends relating to the sustainability of the activity in the ecological, economic, social, technological and ethical dimensions were analyzed. The Mandira group, beneficiary of a considerable number of public interventions, was the group whose performance in the analysis of sustainability was comparatively better. In the extreme opposite, the Porto Cubatão group presented the worst performance in almost all dimensions studied, a fact associated with the small group experience in the activity. As the Porto Cubatão group much as all others located in intermediate position, even though tend to sustainability in specific dimensions, are more susceptible to crises caused by unexpected changes in the system. In the Mandira group, in spite of a better structure, the progress is fragile and it is necessary to consolidate it. The social, technological and ethical dimensions had negative influence on the trends of sustainability and should be considered as priorities in the actions of management. The aspects identified as strategic to improve the possibilities of sustainability of the activity were: encouraging the "fattening" activity of fattening of oysters as well as the replacement of the forms of sale box and desmariscada by production of oysters in dozens ; limiting the entry to the activity; restrainting the illegal commercialization and the processing technology and expanding the user s participation in the management of the activity.
Os saberes docentes de licenciandos e a busca da identidade profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-19)
Santos, Mariana dos
;
Freitas, Denise de
The main objective of this research was to identify and interpret the knowledge about teaching constructed by Biological Science students, in a public institution of higher education during their first experiences on the apprenticeship and the role of this knowledge on a identification with the teaching profession. To conduct this research, a qualitative and naturalistic one, it was selected six students and used as instruments to get data their field journals, narratives of their Life History and testimonials of each. For analysis of the results we organized a network of references, using the concept of Teacher Knowledges proposed by Tardif (2007), the explanation of dilemmas in the early career, in works of Sadalla (2005) and Zabalza (1994) and the dimension of subjectivity in process of teaching learning using some references of Psychoanalysis, as Barolli & Villani (2006) and Lacan. From the manifest content analysis of the student at different times of the stage, we trace a route in its trajectory, which would view the choice and identification with the teaching profession. We Show that the choice is influenced by family and school contexts, and teachers are one of the major influencers of this choice. The academic knowledges were considered important and essential, but the apprenticeship was considered the greater knowledge mobilization moment, that could, or couldn t, take them to an identification with the teaching profession. The clash with reality was the main reason why the apprenticeship was considered an outstanding moment for them and also the reason of the first crisis with the professional choice. We conclude that the students do not build a more permanent identification with the teaching profession at this moment. However, they set some marks in their performances, which will continue throughout your professional life.
Construção da camada de interface gráfica e de um wizard para o framework GRENJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-20)
Viana, Matheus Carvalho
;
Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0839323666578855
Enterprises need information systems for executing their processes on an efficient way. Market demands that these systems are developed at short term, at low cost and they need to get high quality and flexibility. Reuse is a concept of Software Engineering that aims to take this demand into consideration with the reutilization of artefacts, previously built and tested, for developing new systems. Information systems can be developed with reuse-based techniques, such as object-oriented frameworks and application generators. This project presents the process of construction of the graphical user interface layer and an application generator wizard of GRENJ (Business Resource Management implemented in Java, in Portuguese, Gestão de REcursos de Negócios com implementação em Java) framework. In this process, Guiwe (Graphical user interface for web) framework was created to support the building and the instantiation of the graphical user interface layer of GRENJ, which makes use of Java language plus web technologies. The wizard of GRENJ framework was developed with the use of a configurable application generator and the creation of templates and the GRENJ-Gens tool. This tool provides the instantiation of systems on GRENJ framework with the support of different application generators that can utilize the templates of that framework. The graphical user interface and the wizard layers were built on an iterative and intercalated way following the sequence of the patterns of GRN (Business Resource Management, in Portuguese, Gestão de Recursos de Negócios), witch is the pattern language that originated GRENJ framework. Beyond this, the practice of test-driven development was also applied. The advantages of using GRENJ framework with its graphical user interface and its wizard layers were verified with the realization of some case studies.
Montagens e desmontagens: vergonha, estigma e desejo na construção das travestilidades na adolescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-20)
Duque, Tiago
;
Escudeiro, Richard Miskolci
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623888309974862
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923842290182625
This research analyses some teenager travestilities in a social net in the city of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The thesis follows a Queer theoretical approach with an ethnographic field that united observation, face to face interviews and also via Messenger and Orkut (an online social site). It focus on new travestilities identity processes that have been built with different references in comparison to older generations of Brazilian travesties: especially less interest in following the motto of being dressed like a woman 24 hours and a restriction in the use of liquid silicon. These teenagers have tried to manipulate their social identities in a tatic and sometimes strategic way - through a process of building the feminine with the use of clothes, wigs and other accessories (montage) and taking them off to present themselves in a masculine performance (desmontagem). We adopt a historical and contextual perspective to understand how these teenager experiences marked by stigma and shame expresses ways of dealing with the closet apparatus. This perspective also emphasizes a sociological comprehension of their subjectivities. The thesis shows a preliminary analysis of how these new body and subjective experiences constitute a mix of resistance and insertion in hegemonic codes of sexuality and gender.
Análise dos canais de distribuição do etanol carburante brasileiro: um estudo exploratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-22)
Lopes, Maíra Bacha
;
Silva, Andrea Lago da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0629721800836383
The development of flexible-fuel engines and the necessity of an alternative source of energy to the oil (Petroleum) have leaded the ethanol distribution process into a new configuration. These changes brought forth new opportunities to the Brazilian sugarcane ethanol fuel industry and new directions to the development of ethanol marketing channels in the national and international levels. In face of these macro-environmental changes, which increment the ethanol participation in the internal market, it is necessary to understand the structure of the marketing channels and how transactions between channel s members occur. In this context, the current research main goal is to characterize how the ethanol marketing channels are structured and how transactions (in the licit market) between members of this channel occur. The research was conducted as a multiple case study by collecting data from personal interviews with 14 companies representatives of the marketing channels of ethanol (sugarcane ethanol industries, marketing groups, distributors and retail stations) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data analysis was conduct under the marketing channels and cost transactions economy theories. The main contributions of this research are the characterization of these marketing channels, by identifying each member s functions according to the main marketing flows for which they are responsible, how specific are the transactions and how they occur considering the governance structures between ethanol plants and fuel distributors, between fuel distributors and retail stations, and identifying the types of power involved in the process of distribution/commercialization of the ethanol fuel.
Uso de um framework transversal na camada de persistência do GRENJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-22)
Zanon, Ivan Botacini
;
Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6433095007476749
Reuse of software artifacts, code, concepts and models of existing systems makes software development more agile, as well as provides higher quality process and products. Application Frameworks represents a reuse technique characterized by a model of an uncompleted application that satisfies the specifications of a certain domain and has to be customized to satisfy the requirements of a specific software system. Frameworks can be built under the object or aspect-oriented programming paradigms. Crosscutting Frameworks, a special kind of aspect-oriented framework are uncompleted structures that implements specifics crosscutting concerns that can be coupled to any base code. Therefore, the use of crosscutting frameworks in a generic structure that will be specialized, as an application framework, deserves attention and there is a lack of information about this topic in the literature. This master's thesis presents the GRENJFT application framework which was built from the insertion of a crosscutting framework, responsible for the persistence concern, to the GRENJ application framework structure. GRENJ-FT has the persistence concern isolated in a suitable way, what eases its comprehension and new application instantiations by users. Also the maintenances made in the GRENJ and crosscutting framework's structures, to enable this coupling are presented. Case Studies were conducted to verify that application's instantiations and functionality provided by the GRENJ remained the same in the GRENJ-FT.
Modelo de apoio à aprendizagem de gestão de cadeia de suprimentos utilizando a metodologia system dynamics
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-22)
Lopes, Luís Sérgio Paçó
;
Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841286824540425
In the 80 s, a new competitive managerial approach, named Supply Chain Management (SCM), has begun an innovative behavior in the operation area. The advances of logistics, information technology, and organizational studies made up conditions for the organizations to operate according to this vision which, besides new opportunities, also created a series of questions to be answered. The organizations started being managed under a wider perspective and their operations contemplated a bigger integration among clients and suppliers. Therefore, additional knowledges were necessary if such new perspective of management would be used. Supply Chain (SC) managers need support from new ways of organizational learning to deep the understanding of SC operation and, this way, to receive helps for strategy formulations and decision making. This work intends to build a theoretical model and simulation of SCM. Experiment of simulation model betters the option for new strategies through managerial learning on effective performance of a SC. New strategies are defined with the cause-effect relationship to shape a SC structure and actions which take the strategic alignment of belonging organizations. A coordinated application of such actions betters the competitiveness, in a sustainable way, to the enterprises as well their chains.
GSSA: uma arquitetura de segurança para grid services
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-25)
Oliveira, Claudio Rodolfo Sousa de
;
Guardia, Hélio Crestana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5146146028744406
Existing mechanisms for Grid Service (GS) security control do not allow transparently binding different user roles and permissions in the access control for operations and resources. After successfuly authenticated a user may access all registered services. This dissertation presents the GS Security Architecture (GSSA), a security architecture for GSs based on the Open GSs Architecture (OGSA), which aims to fullfil this gap. GSSA also provides funcionalites for authentication, log keeping for non-repudiation, auditing and accountability, secure data exchange between GS, and the execution of GSs from withn Web Services (WS). This dissertation also describes an implementation of the GSSA, named GS Security Proxy (GSSP), and evaluates the use of this proxy in a telemedicine application.
Seleção de suportes e protocolos de imobilização de lipases para a síntese enzimática de biodiesel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-25)
Mendes, Adriano Aguiar
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2926571414651131
The objective of this thesis was to prepare and select immobilized lipase derivatives with high catalytic activity and thermal stability to mediate the biodiesel synthesis from palm and babassu oils by ethanolic route. The experimental work was carried out in two steps. In the first, different lipases sources, including lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Candida antarctica type B (CALB), porcine pancreas (PPL), Bacillus thermocatenulatus (BTL2), Pseudomonas fluorescens (LPF) and Lipex® 100L were immobilized on different supports activated by several protocols using two immobilization methods, such as physical adsorption and multipoint covalent attachment. The following matrixes were used: agarose, Toyopearl, chitosan, alginate-chitosan, octyl-agarose, hexyltoyopearl and PHB and activating agents were: glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin and glycidol. As expected the immobilization procedure, support and lipase source affected the catalytic properties of the immobilized derivatives and their suitability for the proposed reaction. With an exception of PPL, all lipase preparations (TLL, PFL, Lipex® 100L and CALB) showed high alkaline stability under the immobilization conditions (72 h at pH 10.05) resulting in immobilized derivatives having high hydrolytic activities. The highest hydrolytic activities were obtained by TLL immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose, glyoxyl-chitosan-alginate-TNBS, epoxy-chitosan-alginate and Lipex® 100L immobilized on epoxy-chitosan-alginate and glyoxyl-agarose. Under non-aqueous media using butyl butyrate synthesis as a model system, TLL and PFL immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose and glyoxyl-amine-toyopearl showed similar conversions. The highest thermal stability were obtained for non-aminated BTL2 immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose 10BCL (Stability Factor- SF =2648) and chemically aminated (SF=4360), followed by aminated CALB immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose BCL (SF=290) and TLL immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose BCL (SF~300). Using chitosan-alginate, the highest thermal stability was obtained for TLL immobilized on chitosan-alginate-TNBS activated with glyoxyl groups and glutaraldehyde (SF=45). The immobilization of lipases BTL2, CALB and TLL on hydrophobic supports such as octyl-agarose and hexyl-toyopearl by physical adsorption allowed obtaining thermal stable derivatives. In addition, immobilized derivatives on poly-(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) showed high catalytic activity in both hydrolysis and esterification reactions. In the second step and based on their catalytic properties under both aqueous and non-aqueous media as well as thermal stabilities the following immobilized derivatives: TLL and PFL immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose and glyoxyl-amine-Toyopearl, TLL immobilized on chitosan-alginate-TNBS activated with glyoxyl and glutaraldehyde; TLL, PFL, Lipex® 100L and CALB immobilized by physical adsorption on PHB were selected to mediate the synthesis of biodiesel from palm and babassu oils. For derivatives prepared by multipoint covalent attachment and under the conditions used, total conversion in ethyl esters was achieved within 24 to 48 h, depending on the vegetable oil. For immobilized derivatives prepared by physical adsorption on PHB, a slight higher reaction time (72 h) was needed to attain total conversion in ethyl esters. Despite its high esterification activity, BTL2 immobilized on PHB failed to mediate the ethanolysis of both vegetable oils. The viscosity values for the biodiesel samples (3.4-4.5 cSt) are in accordance with specifications recommended by the Brazilian Petroleum Agency (ANP) to be used as biofue.
Macroinvertebrados bentônicos e fatores físicos e químicos como indicadores de qualidade da água da Bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-26)
Andrade, Carolina Cunha
;
Tundisi, José Galizia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1127343303702565
Physical, chemical and biological variables from 6 pre-selected sampling stations, including rivers and one reservoir at the Jacaré-Guaçu (SP) watershed, were sampled during the months of July, 2007 and March, 2008. The macroinvertebrates samples were collected from natural substract with Ekman-Birge dredger and also from vegetation with kiknet net. The goal of this study was to relate richness and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates (identified until the level of family, except for Chironomidae, which was identified until the level of gender) with water quality by using metrics and biological index. These were applied in order to verify the relation between macroinvertebrates communities and water quality, which was analyzed through physical and chemical methods. In most preserved places, with low values of electrical conductivity and total phosphorus, a greater richness and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates. On the other way, in places under influence of sewage, a greater dominance of organisms that are tolerant to organic pollution, such as Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Hirudinea was found. Among Chironomidae family, Tanytarsini and Tanypodinae were associated to better water quality, while Chironomus gr. decorus occurred in great abundance on places under sewage discharge influence. Among the indexes applied, HBI provided the best answers, matching the physical andn chemical results.
Estudo do processo de eletrodeposição e caracterização de ligas de Sn-Zn
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-27)
Taguchi, Allan da Silva
;
Mascaro, Lucia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1332718539145545
This study evaluated the electrodeposition processes of Sn, Zn and Sn-Zn alloy in the absence and presence of tartaric acid as complexing agent. Initially all the systems studied were evaluated by Cyclic Voltammetry to determine the deposition potentials of the pure metals and alloy. The results showed that the presence of the complexant shifts the deposition process of both Sn and Zn to more negative potential values. The metals codeposition can be determined by the variation in the shape and potentials of the peaks of deposition in the voltammograms obtained for the alloy when compared to those for individual metals. The potential-step technique (Chronoamperometry) was used to characterize the initial stages of electrocrystallization. It was found that the nucleation processes of Sn (in the absence and presence of the complexant) and Sn-Zn alloy (in complexed medium) are governed by progressive nucleation, while for Zn in both media and for the Sn-Zn alloy in non-complexed medium were ill-defined. Thus, these can be characterized as mixed processes. Films obtained at different deposition potentials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). It was observed that using the tartaric acid it was possible to obtain more uniform and homogeneous deposits and, apparently, favouring the reduction process and achieving a more protective coating. The morphology, composition and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) of films galvanostatically deposited varying the complexing agent (potassium sodium tartrate or sodium gluconate) and the deposition current (5,0 mA cm-2 and 30,0 mA cm-2) were also analyzed. It was found that at a lower current density the films obtained showed a better uniformity, while those obtained at a higher current density showed a finer grain structure due to an increased nucleation rate in this last instance. Moreover, we can say that the tartrate favours the deposition of Zn when compared to the gluconate. By the XRD analysis it was possible to observe that the alloys consist of separated phases of Sn and Zn crystals and they do not form any intermetallic compound.
Análise fluviológica e ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do rio Jaú - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-27)
Rezende, Jozrael Henriques
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4418756295562718
The fluviological analysis is an important tool for planning and managing watersheds once that, by means of the characterization of discharges regime and the pulse of a water curse, it helps to indicate their hydrological state and the contributes to handle the natural resources with focus on ecosystemic services. Using secondary data and knowledge of statistics hydrology, as well computational tools, this study assessed and compared the main discharge variables and the pulse of the rivers situated in the Tietê - Jacaré Water Resources Management Unit. In spite of similar climatic conditions of the basins, the indicators have shown that there is grayer instability of the pulse of River Jaú when compared to the Rivers Jacaré-Pepira; Jacaré-Guaçu and Boa Esperança. The River Jaú has presented the lowest specific minimum discharges and the greatest specific maximum discharges as well as the lowest specific permanence discharges. Also it was the only river to reach, during the study period, the critical drought weather discharge estimates by the Hydrological Regionalization Method for São Paulo State. Furthermore, the fluvial diagram of the River Jaú was most instable and the least predictable, showing a greater number of pulses, the greatest maximum tension and the lowest average amplitude. The environmental analysis has indicated that greater instability of the pulse of the River Jaú is directly related to the poor index of natural vegetal cover and to the high level of risk of the consumption uses of its water. Therefore, based on the method of analysis of multiple criteria with the aid of a Geographic Information System, the present study suggests a proposal of prioritization of areas for Legal Forest within the watershed.
Avaliação ecoepidemiológica e sanitária de piscinas coletivas da cidade de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-27)
Sueitt, Ana Paula Erbetta
;
Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0153508580030437
A hundred sixty samples of water were collected to assess the sanitary and ecoepidemiological conditions of collective swimming pools in São Carlos SP. The samples were collected between August/2007 and Abril/2008. The pools were characterized by application of a questionnaire, answered by people responsable for the water treatment. Physical and chemical analysis included: pH, temperature, alkalinity, free chlorine concentration and turbidity. All water samples were analyzed for heterotrophic plate counts by pour plate method. Membrane filter technique was used to isolate amoebae and other bacteria. Eleven pools were heated and nine were unheated. Half of the pools was indoors and the other half was outdoors. Seventeen pools were chlorinated and three pools had a combined disinfection, two using chlorine and UV and one using chlorine and ozone. Only 13 samples (8%) conformed within the desired standards for pH, turbidity and free chlorine concentration at the same time. Twelve samples (7.5 %) were unacceptable for heterotrophic bacteria and 63 (39 %) were unsatisfactory for the presence of total coliforms. Escherichia coli was detected in two samples. Moreover, 102 samples (64 %) were contaminated with at least one microorganism.The percentages of occurrence were: 14 % for Staphylococcus spp, 35 % for Pseudomonas spp, 33 % for Mycobacterium spp and 21 % for free-living amoebae. The amoebae identified were used to recover bacteria possibly present intracellularly . Of these 33 samples positive for protozoa, 18 (54 %) harbored Mycobacterium spp, 15 (45 %) harbored Pseudomonas spp and one (3 %) harbored Staphylococcus spp. Escherichia coli was not recovered from amoebae. The physical and chemical parameters most related to the occurrence of microorganisms in the samples studied were pH and chlorine. No significant relationship was identified between water temperature and occurrence of microorganisms. Overall, the inappropriate forms of treatment and maintenance of swimming pools studied might create conditions for the development of microorganisms, including those potentially pathogenic for human.
O mapeamento tecnológico e a gestão de tecnologia no CNPDIA - Embrapa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-27)
Franco, Renato Ribeiro
;
Pinho, Marcelo Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3458289442156207
The technology forecast and management methods have been considered by academics and managers important tools to support technology development. Generally the organizations, which are worried about this issues, needs data and information to look ahead and clarify technologies course before it happens. Considering that development s time has become shorter, these kind of methodologies may turn more and more important. Despite of these matters, it s rare to find papers and related cases to this subject in Brazil. That s why this study has the objective of collect and discuss methodologies, and right after that, compare the Technology Roadmap (TRM) to the CNPDIA s method of technology forecast and management. This TRM method is frequently presented in the related magazines. The work realized has compared the dimension of the TRM, considering some extras observations. These extras looks offered a more complete view and understanding of the environment in which the technology activities took place. The expected intention was to collaborate by analyzing some of the CNPDIA s characterizes. One extra hope is to inspire some discussion in the unit observed, based on this work.
O dimensionamento de edificações de pequeno porte de alvenaria estrutural com as normas britânica, da comunidade européia e brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-28)
Souza, Rodrigo Antonio de
;
Furlan Júnior, Sydney
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1588911302230944
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4186567028482616
The use of the structural masonry as constructive system has increasingly firmed as economic alternative on the small constructions, mainly in residential constructions of average standard, surpassing its initial vocation in workmanships of social habitation. Besides the traditional concrete block prescribed for the Brazilian structural masonry code, structural blocks of materials and varied dimensions are found in the market. It is presented in this paper the sizing of two small constructions in structural masonry (loft constructions with area less than 200 m2) according to Brazilian (NBR 10837:1989), British (BS 5628:1992) and European Community (EC 6:1996) rules, comparing the results gotten and analyzing the effect of some intervening important parameters in the calculation, such as the architectural project (especially the openings), the supports of the flagstone, the types of block and the kind of shipments distribution on the walls. Relatively to the blocks, structural components of thickness of 14 cm (minimum foreseen in the Brazilian structural masonry code) and of thickness of 11,5 cm are used. Despite this last one has been recently incorporated as a new category of structural block (NBR 6136:1980), it is not contemplated by the code of calculation of the masonry yet, although it is allowed in the mentioned international codes. The calculation especially considers the request of simple compression in not armed masonry, typical situation of constructions of reduced height, and contemplates in details the influence of the eccentricity of the shipment, as formularization of the international codes (subject that the Brazilian code deals with in a very simple way). The international codes used in this paper had been selected by the importance that they possess in the European Community and for being used for designers in Brazil when ceramic blocks or another different material of the concrete are used. Another important difference between the international codes and the Brazilian code is the calculation method (method of the states limits, of more modern conception, and method of the permissible tensions, respectively).
Composição da avifauna e frugivoria por aves em um mosaico de vegetação secundária em Rio Claro, região Centro-Leste do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-28)
Athiê, Samira
;
Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2659810258243180
The study of birds was conducted in a secondary vegetation mosaic of 44 ha, located in the central-eastern Sao Paulo State, between 2007 December and 2009 January. Were among the goals: get the list of bird species throughout the area, evaluate the community structure of a small fragment and a mixed reforestation representing the vegetation mosaic, and compare results with those obtained in a similar study conducted in the same area, between 1986 and 1989. Through the qualitative survey, were recorded 183 bird species throughout the area, while the earlier study diagnosed 154. In 280 h of sampling effort were diagnosed 160 species in the reforestation and 142 in the fragment, while in the quantitative survey were recorded 103 species in 1929 contacts in the reforestation and 80 species in 789 contacts in the fragment. Predominated guilds of small insectivores and omnivores, which has been common in surveys in disturbed habitats due to the greater plasticity of generalists bird species. The frequency of occurrence higher than 75% includes abundant resident species, which in this study comprise 23.9% of species from the forest fragment and 16.9% of species in mixed reforestation. A few species showed high values of IPA and a great number of species showed low and average values for this index. However, the higher species richness in comparison with other areas of similar sizes and with the earlier study conducted in the same area showed that the recovery of degraded areas is an important element for maintaining the birds in forest fragments as well as for the colonization by new species, besides being an important measure to reduce the contrast between fragments and their matrix, facilitating the movement of birds across the landscape.
Síntese e avaliação biológica de uma coleção de flavonóides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-29)
Alvim Junior, Joel
;
Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6471223707426898
The flavonoids are an important class of polyphenolic compounds present in relative abundance among the secondary metabolites of plants and are found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, flowers, tea, honey and propolis. They show several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antifungal, etc.. The present work aimed to synthetize and to evaluate the biological activity of a library of flavones and chalcones. The flavones and chalcones were prepared following classical organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. Among the flavones and chalcones prepared and tested against enzyme of T. cruzi gGAPDH, the best results were obtained with the flavone 56{1,6}, 85% of inhibition, and the chalcone 55{1,3}, 97% of inhibition, both at concentration of 100 M. In bioassay against human cathepsin V, a chalcone which showed the best inhibitory activity was chalcone 18 with 64% of inhibition and 9 flavones (40{1,1}, 40{2,1}, 40{3,1}, 56{1,1}, 56{1,5}, 56{2,1}, 56{3,1}, 56{3,2}, 56{4,1}) showed 100% of inhibition, both at concentration of 25 M. The flavones and chalcones prepared will contribute for the study of structure-activity relationship, which could let to the design and synthesis of more active flavones and chalcones.