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O dimensionamento de edificações de pequeno porte de alvenaria estrutural com as normas britânica, da comunidade européia e brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-28) Souza, Rodrigo Antonio de; Furlan Júnior, Sydney; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1588911302230944; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4186567028482616
The use of the structural masonry as constructive system has increasingly firmed as economic alternative on the small constructions, mainly in residential constructions of average standard, surpassing its initial vocation in workmanships of social habitation. Besides the traditional concrete block prescribed for the Brazilian structural masonry code, structural blocks of materials and varied dimensions are found in the market. It is presented in this paper the sizing of two small constructions in structural masonry (loft constructions with area less than 200 m2) according to Brazilian (NBR 10837:1989), British (BS 5628:1992) and European Community (EC 6:1996) rules, comparing the results gotten and analyzing the effect of some intervening important parameters in the calculation, such as the architectural project (especially the openings), the supports of the flagstone, the types of block and the kind of shipments distribution on the walls. Relatively to the blocks, structural components of thickness of 14 cm (minimum foreseen in the Brazilian structural masonry code) and of thickness of 11,5 cm are used. Despite this last one has been recently incorporated as a new category of structural block (NBR 6136:1980), it is not contemplated by the code of calculation of the masonry yet, although it is allowed in the mentioned international codes. The calculation especially considers the request of simple compression in not armed masonry, typical situation of constructions of reduced height, and contemplates in details the influence of the eccentricity of the shipment, as formularization of the international codes (subject that the Brazilian code deals with in a very simple way). The international codes used in this paper had been selected by the importance that they possess in the European Community and for being used for designers in Brazil when ceramic blocks or another different material of the concrete are used. Another important difference between the international codes and the Brazilian code is the calculation method (method of the states limits, of more modern conception, and method of the permissible tensions, respectively).
Composição da avifauna e frugivoria por aves em um mosaico de vegetação secundária em Rio Claro, região Centro-Leste do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-28) Athiê, Samira; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2659810258243180
The study of birds was conducted in a secondary vegetation mosaic of 44 ha, located in the central-eastern Sao Paulo State, between 2007 December and 2009 January. Were among the goals: get the list of bird species throughout the area, evaluate the community structure of a small fragment and a mixed reforestation representing the vegetation mosaic, and compare results with those obtained in a similar study conducted in the same area, between 1986 and 1989. Through the qualitative survey, were recorded 183 bird species throughout the area, while the earlier study diagnosed 154. In 280 h of sampling effort were diagnosed 160 species in the reforestation and 142 in the fragment, while in the quantitative survey were recorded 103 species in 1929 contacts in the reforestation and 80 species in 789 contacts in the fragment. Predominated guilds of small insectivores and omnivores, which has been common in surveys in disturbed habitats due to the greater plasticity of generalists bird species. The frequency of occurrence higher than 75% includes abundant resident species, which in this study comprise 23.9% of species from the forest fragment and 16.9% of species in mixed reforestation. A few species showed high values of IPA and a great number of species showed low and average values for this index. However, the higher species richness in comparison with other areas of similar sizes and with the earlier study conducted in the same area showed that the recovery of degraded areas is an important element for maintaining the birds in forest fragments as well as for the colonization by new species, besides being an important measure to reduce the contrast between fragments and their matrix, facilitating the movement of birds across the landscape.