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Síntese e avaliação biológica de uma coleção de flavonóides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-29)
Alvim Junior, Joel
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6471223707426898
The flavonoids are an important class of polyphenolic compounds present in relative abundance among the secondary metabolites of plants and are found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, flowers, tea, honey and propolis. They show several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antifungal, etc.. The present work aimed to synthetize and to evaluate the biological activity of a library of flavones and chalcones. The flavones and chalcones were prepared following classical organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. Among the flavones and chalcones prepared and tested against enzyme of T. cruzi gGAPDH, the best results were obtained with the flavone 56{1,6}, 85% of inhibition, and the chalcone 55{1,3}, 97% of inhibition, both at concentration of 100 M. In bioassay against human cathepsin V, a chalcone which showed the best inhibitory activity was chalcone 18 with 64% of inhibition and 9 flavones (40{1,1}, 40{2,1}, 40{3,1}, 56{1,1}, 56{1,5}, 56{2,1}, 56{3,1}, 56{3,2}, 56{4,1}) showed 100% of inhibition, both at concentration of 25 M. The flavones and chalcones prepared will contribute for the study of structure-activity relationship, which could let to the design and synthesis of more active flavones and chalcones.
Criação audiovisual na convivência dialógica em um grupo de dança de rua como processo de educação humanizadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-29)
Ribeiro Junior, Djalma
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Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7242263940723603
This research was developed between 2007 and 2009 in the context of a humanizing process of audiovisual creation which values the creation and criticism ability of the young participants of Arte Urbana group, a street dance group established in Jardim Cruzeiro do Sul, in São Carlos-SP suburb. The study is conducted through the audiovisual creation process, clarifying the pedagogical contribution by the universe of images and sounds to support a proposal of popular education constructed in communion through action research and dialogue, and therefore, dialectic and intersubjective between the subjects involved in this research. It is not just about a technical knowledge proposal related to audiovisual creation, but it is essential that this technical knowledge keep up with an awareness process, a critical approach with the reality of all involved in this process. Keeping on, the audiovisual creation process contributes to construct a critical consciousness linked to the individual creation and achievement ability, enabling the development of an audiovisual work that attends the whole group interests. The research intends to contribute to the debate on educational research methodologies, proposing and experiencing an action research, ethically committed to the popular groups, constructed itself by subjects who cohabit and dialog, who are educated at the same time that educate. Using the methodology of action research, a video was created to contribute to the affirmation of the street dance as a cultural movement and to make a positive image of its participants before the society. Therefore, the main question has become to identify how potential is the audiovisual creation process to contribute to the affirmation of the street dance as a culture and to make a positive image of its participants. The answer for this question gave prominence for the educational processes present in the group and which have contributed to the creation of an audiovisual work constructed in the humanizing perspective and in the dialogue between all the ones who participated in this research action. Thus, the research aimed to understand the educational processes applied during an audiovisual creation practice constructed in a collective and dialogical way, identifying if this audiovisual creation process has collaborate to solve the problem indicated by the group. We have attended the activities, meetings, rehearsals and presentations of Arte Urbana group and the audiovisual creation was inserted into the daily life of the group. During this process we did interviews, talks and observations. After the gotten data were organized and analyzed, they brought up some important values in the group as love, trust, respect, responsibility. The participants have associated the group with a family who has the dialogue and the autonomy as two of the most remarkable characteristics. This deep experience with Arte Urbana family have showed that there are possibilities of working with audiovisual creation processes inserted in social practices, in order to assist in the human formation.
Participação dos receptores NK-1 no locus coeruleus na resposta cardiorrespiratória e termorreguladora à hipercapnia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-29)
Carvalho, Débora de
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Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8613079723594091
The locus coeruleus (LC) has been suggested as a CO2 chemoreceptor site in mammals. Substance P (SP) has been used as a marker of respiratory neurons and it plays an important role in compensatory responses to hypercapnia in several sites of the central nervous system. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor immunoreactive (NK1Rir) neurons and processes are widely distributed within the LC. Thus, the present study assessed the role of NK-1 receptors in the LC in the cardiorespiratory and thermal responses to hypercapnia. To this end, substance P-saporin conjugate (SPSAP; 2μM) was injected in the LC to kill NK1R-ir neurons, or IgG-SAP as a control in male Wistar rats. The animals that the drug reached the fourth ventricle (4ºV) were considered as a 4ºV group. Pulmonary ventilation (VE, body plethysmograph), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and body core temperature were measured followed by 60 min of hypercapnic exposure (7% CO2). To verify the correct placement and effectiveness of the chemical lesions, immunohistochemistry for NK1R was performed. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity was performed to verify if noradrenergic neurons were eliminated. Fluoro-Jade technique was used to evaluate neuronal degeneration. A reduced NK1R (72% of reduction) and TH immunoreactivity (66% of reduction) was observed seven days after the injections of SP-SAP in the LC and an intense Fluoro-Jade staining, showing the effectiveness of the lesion. Focal lesions of NK1R-ir did not affect basal ventilation in the SP-SAP in LC and SP-SAP in 4ºV groups. Hypercapnia caused an increase in pulmonary ventilation in all groups, which was a result of increases in respiratory frequency (fR) and tidal volume (VT), SP-SAP treatment in the LC and in the fourth ventricle attenuated the hypercapnic ventilatory response (30% and 20%, respectivally), due to a reduction in the VT. SP-SAP in the LC and SP SAP in the 4ºV 11 lesion did not affect MAP, but caused an increase in HR in both groups. The results suggest that NK1R-ir neurons in the LC modulate hypercapnic ventilatory response but play no role in breathing control under resting conditions. Additionally, NK1R-ir neurons seem to play no role in body temperature and MAP regulation in resting conditions and during hypercapnia, but modulate HR during CO2 exposure. This modulation may be due to a change in the noradrenaline release.
Decomposição aeróbia de Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. e caracterização limnológica na bacia hidrográfica do rio do Monjolinho (São Carlos, SP, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-02)
Santos, Mariana Gonzaga dos
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3205499123721178
The oxidative aerobic processes contribute with large amounts of nutrients in dissolved and particulate forms for the metabolism microbial water. In that context, this study described the oxygen consumption kinetics during the aerobic mineralization of Myriophyllum aquaticum and also evaluated the possible effects of nutrients addiction, the chemical composition and temperature on the decomposition. The aquatic macrophyte was collected in the coastal region of the Monjolinho reservoir (220 00' S and 47054' W; SP, Brazil). In the laboratory part of the plant fragments were subjected to leaching for extraction of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). In the laboratory, part of the plant fragments was subjected to leaching to extract the particulate fraction (POM). The mineralization chambers were set up (n = 96) with different N and P concentrations, entire detritus or lignocellulosic matrix (i.e. fibers) in two phenological stages (senescent or green) under two temperature (16 and 25 ºC), totaling 32 treatments. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) were determined periodically in the chambers for 80 days. The results were adjusted to a kinetic model of first-order. Different concentrations of N and P did not interfere in the microbial metabolism when the experiments with full detritus and lignocellulosic matrix were analyzed separately. Moreover, in experiments that include the mineralization of macrophytes under natural conditions (with reservoir water), was favoring the mineralization rather than immobilization. However, the independent analysis of the concentrations of N and P showed that the same condition of temperature and type of fragment (green or senescent), the kD was approximately 2 times greater in treatments with full detritus for those with only lignocellulosic matrix, which showed higher C: P and smaller quantities of lignin in their original chemical composition. The Q10 has shown similarities between the treatments, regardless of chemical composition (entire or fibers), but differences in relation to the plant phenological stage (ranging from 1.75 to 2.06). Regarding the stoichiometry O/N was an expense of greater oxygen for nitrification in treatments with full litter (mean = 1%) compared to treatment with lignocellulosic matrix (mean = 0.6%). The quality of detritus was the most important variable in the mineralization of macrophytes the temperature has served as a secondary factor.
Sistema para a oferta de serviços baseados em localização com garantias de privacidade do usuário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-02)
Ribeiro, Filipe Nunes
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Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0077465042842971
The use of geographical information about users is the main quality of Location Based Services (LBS). Services like finding nearest hotels and restaurants, weather forecasting or traffic conditions verifying are some of them that can be found without hard effort. Even though using LBS can be bring out facilities and benefits, manipulation of location information by malicious parties can represent serious threat to users privacy. The mobile telephony has been widely used to offer LBS, mainly due to the powerful increase of mobile devices, location capabilities in the devices and the large number of potential users. Despite the existence of techniques to offer privacy in LBS execution, there is no much interest in using these techniques in the mobile telephony environment, besides, the majority of proposed techniques do not present results that can be used in a real environment. This work presents a system that offers location privacy to mobile phone applications. The expression location privacy points out the competency of avoid that third parties learn about current or past location of the user. Then, we propose the Location Privacy Based System (SBPL), that offers manners to control location information release and allows LBS execution with privacy guarantees to mobile phone users. The SBPL is composed by a client application, performed in the mobile device, and a trusted server, acting between the mobile device and the service provider. Besides, the SBPL follows the recommendations of existing privacy guidelines, and allows the user to determine his preferences, which assure adaptation to distinct users and services. Tests were performed in LBS environments that prove the efficiency of SBPL and the possibility of using it in the mobile phone environment.
Arquitetura para controle de políticas de tarifação em redes WiMAX mesh
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-03)
Cruz, Erlon Rodrigues
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Guardia, Hélio Crestana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3004225319903034
In the last years, much effort has been applied to study Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). As part of this effort, the IEEE 802.16 Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks specifies a mesh mode operation for WiMAX networks, opening possibilities for real mesh networks deployment. Several technical aspects of the physical and medium access layers of the standard have been studied, although, there is no definition on how this architecture will handle billing aspects and paid access. In this dissertation, the existing solutions for this question are analyzed and we propose a new architecture for billing users in IEEE 802.16 mesh networks.
Desenvolvimento de PVC reforçado com fibras de vidro longas para fabricação de produtos moldados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-04)
Grizzo, Leandro Henrique
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Hage Júnior, Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414245470336455
This work presents a method of the long glass fiber reinforced PVC compound through incorporating continuous glass fibers with plasticized vinyl matrix prepared by wire coating process and pelletizing the coated roving (by cutting in the range 13 to 14 μm in length). The pellets (of long fiber glass incorporating in PVC) were mixed with granulated rigid PVC and this blend was fed directly into the injection-molding process machine. The direct injection molding in which composite parts are molded directly from the resin and reinforcement, eliminating the preliminary melt-compounding process - was achieved successfully. It was excellent because it reduced the number of processing steps that allowed cutting expenses, reduced the deterioration of the glass fibers length and reduced the possibility of PVC resins degradation happened. The vinyl composites long glass fiber reinforced PVC with 20 wt. %, exhibits excellent mechanical properties better than unreinforced rigid PVC. Its tensile modulus, flexural modulus and notched Charpy impact strength were twice that of unreinforced PVC even with the composites were formulated with a high quantity of plasticizer. The materials utilized to be compatibilizer (Vinisol OH e COOH) resulted in a moderately increased of tensile and flexural properties, moreover decreasing the notched Charpy impact strength of the vinyl composites. Therefore, they are not useful compatibilizer to PVC matrix based on balance of mechanical properties performance. All of the vinyl composites, formulated with or without compatibilizer, presented suitable dispersion of the glass fibers and good interfacial adhesion of fiber-matrix besides to be observed the presence of matrix adhered to the glass fiber s surface. In summary, long glass fiber reinforced PVC compound through incorporating by wire coating process was possible and it was created an innovating process of reinforcement into the vinyl area, in addition to the better mechanical properties achieved that allow PVC can be used in a unrecognized high-performance applications that was not possible before.
MINUSTAH e diplomacia solidária : criação de um novo paradigma nas operações de paz?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-04)
Correa, Paulo Gustavo Pellegrino
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4935704081469903
The purpose of our research is to test the Brazilian proposal of creating a new paradigm of intrastate conflict resolution from its experience in the command of United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti ( MINUSTAH ). The Brazilian motivations in joining the rebuilding process of Haiti ( Solidarity Diplomacy ) and a multidimensional vision are aspects that, according to the Brazilian government, would distinguish MINUSTAH from past unsuccessful missions commanded by the United States. First of all, we ll analyze the political/ ideological motivations of the peacekeeping operation contributors, more specifically the USA and Brazil. Then, we will evaluate any innovative aspect in Brazil s cooperation projects carried out by Brazilian Agency for Cooperation (ABC) provided to Haiti and we ll compare them to the projects developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) concerning the projects formulation process and objectives. At last, we'll analyze MINUSTAH s modus operandis, more specifically the Brazilian troops, to be able to check if, in fact, there is a Brazilian ethos capable of supporting a change of paradigm in the peacekeeping operations.
Relações entre o tipo psicológico e a aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-05)
Belonsi, Lileni Marileili Drugovich
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Silva, Ademar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9028512631572133
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917585425367055
There are several factors which interfere in foreign language learning. Among them, there are the learning styles, which comprise the cognitive and affective domains. The intrinsic side of the affective domain, which is the personality, should be considered as an important factor on the building of a foreign language teaching/learning theory, because it gives priority to human behavior concerning the way people learn. Although Personality Traits or Psychological Types may be regarded as circumstantial, that is, without reliability or strength, they may be indicators of personal needs during a certain moment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the learner s Psychological Type is reflected on the way he processes information, on his motivation and on the way he develops strategies which help him to deal with the most different learning situations. Knowing the different Psychological Types (such as extroverted, perceptive, judger, intuitive) as well as their characteristics, may be quite important for the teacher, because, through this knowledge, he will be able to better identify the difficulties of a determined learner or a group of learners and provide them with means to reduce them; in relation to the learner, one will have conditions to search more autonomy when learning a foreign language, because one will know how to satisfy his preferences and how to deal with his learning difficulties. By having as theoretical base the studies developed by the psychiatrist Carl Jung in the 1920s, which were further revised and improved by Myers and Briggs (1987; 1995; 1997) and having as reference the studies developed by Ehrman (1996), we pointed out some personality differences which are relevant to the learning process. We analyzed and interpreted the data, which were collected from the answers given at the MBTI (Myers Briggs Type Indicator). The MBTI is an inventory developed by Myers and Briggs, which indicates the Psychological Type, classified into four bipolar or dichotomic dimensions according to the learner s preferences. Such data showed the traits of each Type, the relationship between the orientations and the abilities of each learner and the factors which contribute or not to the success in a foreign language (English) learning context.
Estudo computacional da enzima gGAPDH do Trypanosoma cruzi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-05)
Oliveira, Osmair Vital de
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Freitas, Luiz Carlos Gomide
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3461414255262928
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3019137922691272
Theoretical methods in computational chemistry were used to study the gGAPDH enzyme from Trypanosoma cruzi. This protozoan is responsible by the Chagas diseases. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to obtain the time evolution of the gGAPDH enzyme in the holo (with the cofactor NAD+) and apo (without the cofactor) forms in aqueous solution. The calculations were performed in the NpT ensemble with T = 300K e p = 1bar. In these simulations little conformational changes were observed in both holo and apo forms of the enzyme along 20.0 ns simulation time. Docking calculations were carried out to fit some drugs in enzyme active site using the ensemble docking methodology. Therefore, multiple enzyme conformations of both holo and apo forms were obtained at time intervals of 2.0 ns along the molecular dynamics simulation. This procedure was used to take in into account the flexibility of the enzyme. The results from these calculations indicate that the best way to develop a drug molecule is to consider both enzyme forms (holo and apo forms). In this way, one drug will inhibit the apo form and other, the holo form. To characterize the enzymatic mechanism, the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) was placed in the active site (via docking calculations) of the holo form conformation obtained in the end of the 20.0 ns trajectory. A 1.0 ns molecular dynamic simulation was performed in the (gGAPDH-NAD+-G3P) system. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to study reactive process in the enzyme catalytic site. A convenient model was built using about 698 atoms carefully chosen to represent the active site and its surroundings. The calculations were performed using a combination of MOZYME and the usual SCF procedure implemented in the MOPAC2009 program. The calculations were performed at the PM6 level. One of the reaction mechanisms proposed in the literature was characterized xix calculating the energy profile along the reaction path to transfer a proton from Cys166 to His194. Using a second structure obtained from molecular dynamics, a new mechanism for the gGAPDH enzyme was proposed and characterized by a similar MOPAC2009 calculation. In this mechanism, the hydroxyl group of the G3P acts as a bridge to transfer the proton from the Cys166 to His194 residue.
Desenvolvimento de descritores de imagens para reconhecimento de padrões de plantas invasoras (folhas largas e folhas estreitas)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-05)
Santos, Ana Paula de Oliveira
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2368219284471351
In Brazil, the development of tools for weeds recognition, capable of aiding risk detection and decision making on the fieldwork is still embryonic. This master s thesis presents the development of a pattern recognition system that recognizes weeds and gives the occupation percentage of wide and narrow leaves in an agricultural production system, with digital image processing techniques. The development was based on considerations about image acquisition, pre-processing, texture based segmentation, descriptors for weeds recognition and occupation percentage of each kind of leaf. The validation has been developed considering geometric patterns generated in laboratory, as well as others obtained of a maize (Zea mays) production agricultural environment, i. e. two species of weeds, one with wide leaves (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) and other with narrow leaves (Digitaria sanguinalis Scop.). The results show recognition of about 84.24 percent for wide leaves and 80.17 percent for narrow leaves in agricultural environment and also the capability to spot weed on unreachable locations by natural vision. Besides, the method presents application in precision agriculture to improve the decision making in pulverization processes.
Exposições ao alumínio em meio ácido afetam as brânquias e a osmorregulação do peixe neotropical Prochilodus lineatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-05)
Camargo, Marina Mori Pires de
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3442998290367091
Aluminium is very toxic to fish. Biomarkers have been using to indicate water contamination, however, there are few studies concerning tropical fish species. So, the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus, were exposed to aproximately 200 μg.L-1 of dissolved Al em acid pH (Al group), only to acid water (pH group) or to water with pH 7.0 (CTR group) for 6, 24, 96h and 10 days to evaluate its effects on haematological, osmo-ionic, metabolic and endocrine parameters besides morphological analysis by light and electronic microscopy. Fishes exposed to Al have all haematological and metabolic parameters increased when compared to CTR group. Osmo-ionic parameters were significantly smaller in fishes exposed to Al as much as the Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme and the CC number smaller Light microscopy reveal that fish exposed to Al in all experimental periods showed lesions widely distributed in the tissue and considered more severe when compared to fish from other groups. In the Al group, the main alterations found were hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, lamellar fusion and hypertrophy of mucous cells. In the animals of pH group, the main alteration was hipertrophy of epithelial cells, especially of the CC. Scanning electron microscopy allowed to see great disorganization in the lamellae of the fishes exposed to Al, detachment of branchial epithelium and reduction of the interlamellar space. Chloride cells with sponge aspect were noted in the pH and Al groups, besides alteration in the microcript of the pv in both groups. Transmission electron microscopy showed that animals from Al group have more CC displaced to the tip of the lamellae and that these CC have a less dense cytoplasm, with a smaller quantity of tubules and mitochondrias and nuclei with altered shapes. The thickness of the lamellae is bigger because of the swollen pv and the interlamellar spaces are reduced. There are, also, more vacuoles in the cytoplasm of these CC. Results allowed to conclude that exposure to Al in acid medium impairs mostly the hyperegulation capacity of the fish, since it affects the active uptake of ions in the gills and also caused serious structural alterations in the organ, leading to functional problems, jeopardizing the survival of the fishes in such situation.
O discurso político e o tema corrupção: construções discursivo-ideológicas na relação entre a vida pública e a vida privada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-05)
Silva, Michele Viana da
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0001111917983214
This dissertation has as its investigation object the political speech of the Senator Renan Calheiros (who, at the moment, occupied the Presidency function), more precisely, his speech at the Federal Senate after a corruption denunciation by Veja Magazine, in May/2007. This paper aimed to comprehend how the discursive speaker defends himself from that accusation in order to verify the relation that is built among the speaker, his interlocutors and the discursive object. Before such problem questions, the dissertation follows a theoretical and methodological way based on Bakhtin s concepts concerning the discursive ideological relation as the essential element to comprehend the senses of words and the verbal interaction as the essence of the man (the dialogical principal). The study observed the presence of a confrontation between public life and private life which functions as a way to rebuild the discursive object. In the speech of Renan Calheiros, it is not his self-defense which occupies a central role, but values related to privacy and the institution, the Senate.
Estudo de algoritmos RWA em redes GMPLS sobre DWDM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-08)
Feres, Mariana Massimino
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1434271863880744
The increase in the number of users and the emergence of sophisticated network applications motivate the research to improve the data-communication technologies, and thus to meet the requirement for bandwidth. In optical networks, one of the main advances is wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). An essential issue in designing of optical networks is how the network will be controlled, that is, which type of signaling will be used for resources reservation, routing and wavelength assigning, and how physical impairments will be dealfish. This implies in the necessity of several devices to guarantee the good functioning of the network. The diversity and complexity of administration of these devices stimulate the creation of GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching), in order to provide control, for domains not only based on packages (as it makes the MPLS - Multiprotocol Label Switching), but also on time slots, wavelength and fiber. However, the labels switching on the wavelength multiplexing can generate a NP-complete problem involving the routing and wavelength assignment: if both do no succeed, the connection blocking will occur with and loss of network performance. Another relevant question is that, in all-optical networks, there is some physical impairment that influence the blocking probability e must be taken in consideration in algorithms RWA. This work presents the study of the control plan GMPLS and RWA algorithms for the setting up of connections in alloptical WDM networks. Moreover, the study of two physical impairments (polarization mode dispersion and optical signal noise rate) was done, inserting them in RWA algorithm to reduce the blocking probability due them. The results had shown that the MostUsed algorithm has better performance than the BestFit and the Random one when considered the connection blocking due to resources (lambdas). Moreover, the use of impairments-aware algorithms influence significantly in the reduction of the blocking probability. Therefore, the more advantageous performance was observed in the use of impairment-aware algorithms simultaneously with the MostUsed algorithm.
Efeito do treinamento de força sobre a atividade de metaloprotease-2 no músculo esquelético e marcadores sistêmicos de inflamação em diferentes modelos experimentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-09)
Prestes, Jonato
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0724257078898678
Toxicidade aguda e respostas metabólicas e hematológicas do bagre do canal (Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque, 1818) exposto a concentração sub-letal de fenol e recuperação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-10)
Moraes, Fernanda Dias de
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6686160677282539
Phenol and its derivates are aromatic organic compounds and there are present in the mill, domestic waste and cropscience. Moreover, phenol could induce toxicity in both freshwater and seawater fish and other animals. The aim of this work was evaluating hematological features, intermediary metabolism and muscular and cerebral acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity in juveniles channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus exposed to 1.5 mg L-1 of phenol (10% LC50) for 96 h and after 7 or 14 days of recovery. Ammonia, lactate, piruvate, glucose, amino acids, protein, triglycerides and fatty acids concentrations were measured in liver, muscle and plasma. Glycogen concentration was determined in liver and muscle. Aspartate aminostransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), lactate desidrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (FALC) and acid phosphatase (FAC) enzymes activities were assayed in liver and muscle. Acetylcholinesterase activity was assayed in white muscle and brain. Hematological features were analyzed through hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, red cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (VCM), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (HCM) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (CHCM). Hematological alterations were observed after 7 days of recovery. After 96 h, ALAT and ASAT activities and protein concentration indicated proteolysis liver and muscle. The triglycerides and fatty acids concentration suggested lipolysis in muscle. The results also indicated gluconeogenesis in liver. Gluconeogenesis follows over 7 days of recovery and glycemia was kept constant. After 7 days of recovery, the results suggested proteolysis and lipolysis in liver. After 14 days of recovery, the results indicated glycogenolysis and muscle and liver. Reductions of protein and amino acid concentrations plus ASAT activity rising in muscle, also suggested proteolysis. Alterations in FAC and FALC activities in muscle and liver were observed. These results suggest membrane cell damage. Reduction in cerebral AChE activity was observed after 14 days recovery. In other hand, an increase of muscular AChE was observed after 7 and 14 days recovery. In conclusion, the alterations observed in this work seem to be due to increased metabolic demand and other mechanisms that respond to homeostasis in fish.
Efeito de diferentes intensidades de perturbação na estrutura da comunidade de peixes de riachos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-10)
Nassin, Fabiano Carneiro
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0961985340261125
Land use changes can impact aquatic communities, compromising water quality due to the physical and chemical degradation of the habitat. This study evaluated the hypothesis that stream fish communities differ relative to disturbance degree, determined by a habitat degradation gradient. Thus, the objectives of this project were: to survey streams not yet studied in central São Paulo State, located in a predominantly agricultural landscape; describe fish communities in streams subject to different degrees of habitat degradation and relate the fish communities to environmental variables. The study was conducted in low-order streams in the lower river Jacaré-Guaçu watershed, located in the Water Management Unit Tietê-Jacaré (UGRH-13). Twelve streams with different degrees of disturbance were assessed using a protocol for rapid assessment (PAR). In each 100m-reach, we estimated the PAR, and measured stream width and depth, physical and chemical variables of the water, and substrate diversity. Streams were classified in quality categories as preserved, altered and impacted, and fish communities were sampled with an electrofishing equipment. Most streams sampled were impacted or altered, with negative scores due to stream margin use, vegetation characteristics, sedimentation, water flow characteristics, velocity/depth regimes, temperature, pH, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Fish communities presented low values of species richness and diversity, represented by a total of 20 species. Characiformes contributed with 40% of collected species, followed by Siluriformes (30%), and Perciformes, Gymnotiformes and Cyprinodontiformes (10% each). Representative species included Phalloceros caudimaculatus (41% of total abundance), Astyanax altiparanae (22%) and Poecilia reticulata (9%), whereas each of the other species contributed less than 5% of total abundance. Highest species diversity was found in streams classified as impacted, but there was a large variation, and relationship with PAR was found.. There is positive relationship of species richness with the increases in stream width, depth and electrical conductivity; evenness increased with stream width and pH, whereas diversity was positively related increases in stream depth and pH. Fish faunal composition did not differ among streams in different degradation classes identified by PAR, and were more influenced by stream physical characteristics and the presence of local impact factors, such as small barriers. Thus, although the habitat of most streams show evidence of degradation, fish communities did not reflect directly this result.
Respostas da frequência cardíaca durante o exercício isométrico de pacientes submetidos à reabilitação cardíaca fase III
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-10)
Leite, Poliana Hernandes
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2346902876883219
Cardiovascular responses to different isometric contractions were evaluated in 12 patients (63 ± 11,6 years, mean ± dp) with coronary artery disease and/or risk factors, participants in the cardiac rehabilitation phase III. Heart rate variation (ΔHR) was evaluated during maximum (CVM, five and ten seconds in duration) and submaximal (CVSM, 30 and 60% of CVM-5, until muscle exhaustion) voluntary contraction, using a handgrip dynamometer. Additionally, the RMSSD (representative index of vagal modulation) was calculated at rest (precontraction), at the last 30 seconds of CVSM and recovery (post-contraction). ΔHR showed higher values in CVM CVM-10 vs-5 (17 ± 5,5 vs 12 ± 4,2 bpm, p <0.05) and the CVSM-60 vs CVSM -30 (19 ± 5,8 vs 15 ± 5,1 bpm, p <0.05). However, results for CVM-10 showed similar ΔHR compared to results for CVSM (p> 0.05). RMSSD at rest decreased (p <0.05) during CVSM-30 (30% = 28 ± 17 vs 13 ± 8 ms) and CVSM-60 (60% = 26 ± 18 vs 10 ± 4 ms), but returned to baseline values as the contraction was interrupted. In in patients with coronary artery disease and/or risk factors, low intensity isometric contraction, maintained over long periods of time, presents the same effect on the responses of HR, compared to a briefly high intensity or maximal isometric effort.
Efeito do alimento contaminado com cobre sobre o ciclo de vida e produção secundária de Daphnia laevis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-10)
Rocha, Giseli Swerts
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Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9522932409165588
With the advance of industrialization, there was an increase in the quantity of substances discharged in nature without treatment. Many of these substances are toxic and can cause adverse effects to aquatic biota, and may affect the rest of the food chain, including humans. For better understanding of the effects of contamination, there is a growing progress in the study of exposure of organisms of different trophic levels of the contaminant and monitoring changes in their development and reproduction. Copper, an essential element at low concentrations, can cause adverse effects in higher concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in a zooplankton species, Daphnia laevis (Crustacea, Cladocera) fed with algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) previously exposed to different concentrations of copper. The accumulation of metal was measured both in algae and in cladoceran. The animals were monitored throughout its life cycle through the testing of chronic toxicity and through bionomic parameters and calculation of their secondary production, the treatments were compared to a control. The results suggest that exposure to contaminated food directly influence the reproduction of animals, and found significant statistical differences (p <0.05) in the total number of eggs and neonates produced over the life of the animal. Another parameter that was affected significantly was the secondary production of animals, where changes were observed mainly in the investment to reproduction, affecting the total secondary production. Through the results, consider the importance of the capture of copper through the food and how the secondary production, although very important, is not explored in ecotoxicological studies.
Condições de trabalho e saúde de professores de alunos com ou sem necessidades educacionais especiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-15)
Silva, Nilson Rogério da
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2552152550365985
The of teaching profession is permeated by adverse work conditions, low wages, inadequacy of material and didactic resources, numerous classrooms, tension in the relationship with the students, excessive work load, lack of safety in the school atmosphere, inexpressive participation in the institution planning and in the institutional politics. The present study had for objective to compare work conditions and health, considering physical aspects with three groups of teachers who teach in elementary grades, as well as to investigate possible implications in the service to be provided to the students. Participated in the study 60 teachers of the Metropolitan Net of Elementary Teaching (1st to 4th grades) from the District of Bauru, distributed in three groups: a) 20 teachers who teach in regular school classroom without the inclusion of students with special educational needs RSI Group; b) 20 teachers who teach in the regular classroom with special needs students RCI Group; c) 20 teachers who teach in resource classrooms (SR Group). For data collection two instruments were used: Semi structured interview to investigate teachers perceptions about occupational health risks, as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory MBI protocol to evaluate the burnout presence. The results were organized in form of tables and the data was analyzed by SPSS version 13.0 and by a non parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison of the 3 groups. In general, the results demonstrated that the groups presented relative similarity. The teachers from the SR Group obtained the best results in the evaluation of the burnout three scales when compared with RSI Group and RCI Group, that is, with prevalence of answers in the lower levels of emotional exhaustion, high level of low personal accomplishment and low level for depersonalization. Related to the physical complaints, it was observed that RCI Group presented larger frequency of discomfort highlighting the head, spinal cord, neck and superior members. About the evaluation of the work conditions, the three groups considered the evaluated aspects (work environment, work organization, materials and equipments and pedagogic resources) as appropriate. However, RCI Group indicated larger indicators of inadequacy. Agreement was observed in the results of the two used instruments, in the sense that both of them indicate that RCI Group would be more vulnerable to develop emotional exhaustion referred to the physical aspects and work conditions, expressed by means of discomfort. In reference to emotional aspects, one of the components of the emotional exhaustion, RCI group presented larger percentile in seven of the fourteen investigated aspects. SR group presented the smallest percentile of incidence of the stress. Most of the teachers didn't present depersonalization problems. In relation to the decrease of the personal accomplishment, the three groups presented high scores, what characterizes low level since it is a negative scale. It is hoped that these results contribute for a better understanding of the burnout in teachers from regular classrooms with or without students with educational special needs and/or to raise new directions for investigation.