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Síntese e avaliação biológica de uma coleção de flavonóides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-29) Alvim Junior, Joel; Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6471223707426898
The flavonoids are an important class of polyphenolic compounds present in relative abundance among the secondary metabolites of plants and are found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, flowers, tea, honey and propolis. They show several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antifungal, etc.. The present work aimed to synthetize and to evaluate the biological activity of a library of flavones and chalcones. The flavones and chalcones were prepared following classical organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. Among the flavones and chalcones prepared and tested against enzyme of T. cruzi gGAPDH, the best results were obtained with the flavone 56{1,6}, 85% of inhibition, and the chalcone 55{1,3}, 97% of inhibition, both at concentration of 100 M. In bioassay against human cathepsin V, a chalcone which showed the best inhibitory activity was chalcone 18 with 64% of inhibition and 9 flavones (40{1,1}, 40{2,1}, 40{3,1}, 56{1,1}, 56{1,5}, 56{2,1}, 56{3,1}, 56{3,2}, 56{4,1}) showed 100% of inhibition, both at concentration of 25 M. The flavones and chalcones prepared will contribute for the study of structure-activity relationship, which could let to the design and synthesis of more active flavones and chalcones.
Criação audiovisual na convivência dialógica em um grupo de dança de rua como processo de educação humanizadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-29) Ribeiro Junior, Djalma; Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7242263940723603
This research was developed between 2007 and 2009 in the context of a humanizing process of audiovisual creation which values the creation and criticism ability of the young participants of Arte Urbana group, a street dance group established in Jardim Cruzeiro do Sul, in São Carlos-SP suburb. The study is conducted through the audiovisual creation process, clarifying the pedagogical contribution by the universe of images and sounds to support a proposal of popular education constructed in communion through action research and dialogue, and therefore, dialectic and intersubjective between the subjects involved in this research. It is not just about a technical knowledge proposal related to audiovisual creation, but it is essential that this technical knowledge keep up with an awareness process, a critical approach with the reality of all involved in this process. Keeping on, the audiovisual creation process contributes to construct a critical consciousness linked to the individual creation and achievement ability, enabling the development of an audiovisual work that attends the whole group interests. The research intends to contribute to the debate on educational research methodologies, proposing and experiencing an action research, ethically committed to the popular groups, constructed itself by subjects who cohabit and dialog, who are educated at the same time that educate. Using the methodology of action research, a video was created to contribute to the affirmation of the street dance as a cultural movement and to make a positive image of its participants before the society. Therefore, the main question has become to identify how potential is the audiovisual creation process to contribute to the affirmation of the street dance as a culture and to make a positive image of its participants. The answer for this question gave prominence for the educational processes present in the group and which have contributed to the creation of an audiovisual work constructed in the humanizing perspective and in the dialogue between all the ones who participated in this research action. Thus, the research aimed to understand the educational processes applied during an audiovisual creation practice constructed in a collective and dialogical way, identifying if this audiovisual creation process has collaborate to solve the problem indicated by the group. We have attended the activities, meetings, rehearsals and presentations of Arte Urbana group and the audiovisual creation was inserted into the daily life of the group. During this process we did interviews, talks and observations. After the gotten data were organized and analyzed, they brought up some important values in the group as love, trust, respect, responsibility. The participants have associated the group with a family who has the dialogue and the autonomy as two of the most remarkable characteristics. This deep experience with Arte Urbana family have showed that there are possibilities of working with audiovisual creation processes inserted in social practices, in order to assist in the human formation.
Participação dos receptores NK-1 no locus coeruleus na resposta cardiorrespiratória e termorreguladora à hipercapnia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-05-29) Carvalho, Débora de; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8613079723594091
The locus coeruleus (LC) has been suggested as a CO2 chemoreceptor site in mammals. Substance P (SP) has been used as a marker of respiratory neurons and it plays an important role in compensatory responses to hypercapnia in several sites of the central nervous system. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor immunoreactive (NK1Rir) neurons and processes are widely distributed within the LC. Thus, the present study assessed the role of NK-1 receptors in the LC in the cardiorespiratory and thermal responses to hypercapnia. To this end, substance P-saporin conjugate (SPSAP; 2μM) was injected in the LC to kill NK1R-ir neurons, or IgG-SAP as a control in male Wistar rats. The animals that the drug reached the fourth ventricle (4ºV) were considered as a 4ºV group. Pulmonary ventilation (VE, body plethysmograph), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and body core temperature were measured followed by 60 min of hypercapnic exposure (7% CO2). To verify the correct placement and effectiveness of the chemical lesions, immunohistochemistry for NK1R was performed. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity was performed to verify if noradrenergic neurons were eliminated. Fluoro-Jade technique was used to evaluate neuronal degeneration. A reduced NK1R (72% of reduction) and TH immunoreactivity (66% of reduction) was observed seven days after the injections of SP-SAP in the LC and an intense Fluoro-Jade staining, showing the effectiveness of the lesion. Focal lesions of NK1R-ir did not affect basal ventilation in the SP-SAP in LC and SP-SAP in 4ºV groups. Hypercapnia caused an increase in pulmonary ventilation in all groups, which was a result of increases in respiratory frequency (fR) and tidal volume (VT), SP-SAP treatment in the LC and in the fourth ventricle attenuated the hypercapnic ventilatory response (30% and 20%, respectivally), due to a reduction in the VT. SP-SAP in the LC and SP SAP in the 4ºV 11 lesion did not affect MAP, but caused an increase in HR in both groups. The results suggest that NK1R-ir neurons in the LC modulate hypercapnic ventilatory response but play no role in breathing control under resting conditions. Additionally, NK1R-ir neurons seem to play no role in body temperature and MAP regulation in resting conditions and during hypercapnia, but modulate HR during CO2 exposure. This modulation may be due to a change in the noradrenaline release.