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Caracterização de imagens em livros didáticos e suas contribuições para o processo de significação do conceito de equilíbrio químico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-30) Kiill, Keila Bossolani; Ferreira, Luiz Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3094025825865221
This work studies images contained in Chemistry textbooks approved by the PNLEM/2007. The goals of this research were: a) to characterize these images, discriminating those that compose Chemical Equilibrium Chapters, according to the chemical knowledge dimensions (macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic); and b) to evaluate the contributions brought by these images to the significance trial of that content. The methodology for data collection was the double-blind one, in which each researcher, independently, proposes a classification, that is later validated by means of statistical instruments. It was elaborated a taxonomy for data collection, wherein the categories of analysis were discriminated. To analysis of the images, is necessary consider the interrelations between them, therefore, in a same visual representation, is possible have the knowledge represented in two more dimensions. The theoretical referential substantiates itself in the meaning learning, proposed by Ausubel and collaborators, and also in the signs conceptions developed by Pierce. The analysis results showed that, in the total, the best part of the images represents the chemical knowledge considering only the macroscopic aspect or not classified. For the chemical equilibrium chapter, in general, proposed representations for helping the understanding of that content are also of macroscopic nature or not classified. Regarding to the trial of significance of chemical equilibrium content, contributions of others contents such as chemical reaction, kinetic chemical and stoichiometry were also considered for images analysis. Thus, it was possible to conclude that representations found in textbooks are of macroscopic nature and typify chemical systems properties. Moreover, an expressive amount of images merely presents illustrative character and other few correlates dimensional aspects. Therefore, images contained in general textbooks poorly collaborate to the significance trial of chemical equilibrium content.
Mecanismos de controle da hidratação da magnésia visando sua utilização em concretos refratários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-30) Amaral, Léa Fantin; Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4269397952023027
The increasing demand in the last years enhanced significantly the steel industry production As a consequence, most of the aspects regarding its production had to be reviewed aiming an optimum output. Concerning this goal, the reducing in equipments idle time on refractory lining maintenance or replacement can be seen as an interesting technological advantages. Achieve better refractory is an accord named gain-gain for both: steel and refractory industry. For steel industry because the more refractory last, the more steel is produced and in the refractory industry because they can increase the aggregate value of their products. In this context, the development of MgO based monolithic refractory has widespread aiming to achieve a matching of advantages, such as absence of joins, facility of installation and repair, high basic slag corrosion resistance and high refractoriness. However, due to the hydration reaction of magnesia forming Mg(OH)2, its application in refractory area is limited. If this problem would be solved, superior properties for the refractories can be achieved. This work aimed to:1) Analyze the aspects that could affect the MgO hydration reaction and 2) Highlight additives that could minimize its drawbacks and,, at the same time, being viable concerning the real applications.
Análise das topografias de controle de estímulos envolvidas em escolhas de acordo com o modelo em indivíduos com Síndrome de Down
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-30) Vasconcellos, Mariliz; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2628411501148247
The formation of equivalent stimuli classes is a psychological phenomenon that has important characteristics for the experimentation of processes involving symbolic behavior acquisition. This kind of behavior has been the target of a wide variety of contemporary studies which have also demonstrated the possibility of such approach to generate symbolic behavioral repertoires based only on the teaching of some relations between stimuli. It is vital to investigate the parameters that optimize the establishment of equivalent stimuli classes desired by the researcher when defining the behavior to be installed through the procedure of matching-to-sample (MTS). Studies in the area have widely shown that after training A1B1 and B1C1, there is an emergency of some relations, such as B1A1, C1B1, A1C1 and C1A1, which demonstrate, respectively, the properties of reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity and equivalence. One of the parameters that determine the effectiveness of a procedure on class formation is the type of control relation exercised by the comparison stimuli in MTS attempts. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the role of specific types of training of conditional discriminations in the establishment of relations of control for selection and rejection. Study participants were two teenagers with Down syndrome. The training consisted on MTS sessions with and without mask in two training types: non-nodular and nodular. The former occurred by presenting stimuli which function was either model or comparison only, and the latter was characterized by presenting stimuli with dual function, i.e. model and comparison simultaneously. Verification testing of the control relations established at baseline was made after non-nodular training and after nodular training, and only then verification testing of behavioral emergency was made. Two stimuli sets involved attempts with mask, while other two consisted of attempts without a mask. The experiment was specifically designed in a way that the training of a stimuli set with mask has occurred almost simultaneously with the training of a stimuli set without mask. Thus, the influence of historical undesirable variables was avoided on deductions made from performance comparison of the two different attempts (with or without mask). Results demonstrated, generally, that the training procedure used was very effective in teaching and formation of classes, what made difficult even to compare the greater effectiveness of the procedures with or without use of mask in the training of conditional relations. It is suggested the replication of this study, with a larger number of participants of this same population, so that it is possible to evaluate the data generality.
Mecanismos adrenérgicos do núcleo parabraquial lateral e da área Kölliker Fuse/A7 no controle da ingestão de água e sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-30) Gasparini, Silvia; Menani, José Vanderlei; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1284209984441589
The blockade of serotonergic receptors with methysergide or the activation of α2-adrenoceptors with moxonidine into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) increases water and 0.3 M NaCl intake in rats treated with furosemide (FURO) combined with captopril (CAP). Besides LPBN, also the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus/A7 area (KF/A7 area) located at the rostral and lateral end of the LPBN is important for water intake. In the present study we investigated the effects of bilateral injections of noradrenaline (the endogenous neurotransmitter for α-adrenoceptors) alone or combined with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist RX 821002 into the KF/A7 area or into LPBN. The effects of moxonidine, methysergide or proglumide on FURO + CAPinduced water and 0.3 M NaCl intake were also investigated. In addition, we tested simultaneously water and sodium intake and renal excretion in rats treated with FURO + CAP that received noradrenaline into the KF/A7 area to investigate the effects of this treatment on water and sodium balance. The effects of noradrenaline into KF/A7 area in rats treated with FURO + CAP on cardiovascular responses were also investigated. Male Holtzman rats with bilateral stainless steel guide-cannulas implanted into KF/A7 area or LPBN were used. FURO + CAP-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake strongly increased after bilateral injections of noradrenaline (80 or 160 nmol) into LPBN (26.5 ± 5.9 and 20.7 ± 2.0 ml/2 h, vs. salina: 4.4 ± 0.9 ml/2 h) or into the KF/A7 area (31.5 ± 6.1 and 25.9 ± 4.7 ml/2 h, vs. salina: 7.2 ± 1.6 ml/2 h). However, increases in water intake caused by noradrenaline injected in KFA7 area are not consistent. Bilateral injections of RX 821002 into LPBN or KF/A7 area abolished the effects of noradrenaline in the same areas on 0.3 M NaCl intake (7.5 ± 2.5 and 9.8 ± 4.4 ml/2 h, respectively). Moxonidine (0.5 nmol) injected bilaterally into the KF/A7 area increased 0.3 M NaCl intake (39.5 ± 6.3 ml/3 h v.s. vehicle: 5.7 ± 1.5 ml/3 h) and water intake (26.8 ± 4.2 ml/3 h v.s. vehicle: 11.6 ± 1.3 ml/3 h), while methysergide (4 μg) or proglumide (50 μg) into the KF/A7 area did not alter 0.3 M NaCl or water intake. Injections of noradrenaline (80 or 160 nmol/0.2 μl) into the KF/A7 did not alter urinary volume, potassium excretion or sodium excretion. However, noradrenaline into the KF/A7 induced a positive cumulative sodium balance (5179 ± 1045 μEq/3 h v.s saline: 2 ± 545 μEq/3 h) and a cumulative water balance (25.2 ± 4.5 ml/3 h v.s. saline: 2.5 ± 4.1 ml/3 h). In rats with a polyethylene tubing (PE-10 connected to a PE-50) inserted into abdominal aorta through femoral artery, injections of noradrenaline (80 or 160 nmol/0.2 μl) into KF/A7 area promoted a powerful increased in blood pressure (69 ± 12 and 61 ± 10 mmHg, respectively). The results of the present study suggest that α2-adrenoceptor activation is a common mechanism in the KF/A7 area and LPBN to facilitate sodium intake. In addition, injections of noradrenaline into the KF/A7 area induce renal responses to reduce sodium excretion. However, the serotonergic or cholecystokinergic mechanisms that control sodium intake are present in LPBN, not in the KF/A7 area.
PAIGC : A face do monopartidarismo na Guiné-Bissau (1974 a 1990)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-30) Semedo, Rui Jorge da Conceição Gomes; Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7911343393159655
This research investigates the political dynamics of PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape-Verde), that during and after the process of getting the independence from the portuguese, wich was done through a long liberation war, has a tremendous help from the mass. PAIGC officially conquered the political power in 1974 and ruled for a period or 16 year, as a sole political party. During this period, it showed a lot of dificulties to realize its program of governance. This fact leads to a fundamental question: how come that a party that counted with a strong base of help from the mass and acted as a sole political force that controlled the machinery oh the state was not able to implement its proposals of governance?
Variações no gene yolk em moscas das frutas do grupo fraterculus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-30) Oliveira, Gustavo Castro de; Brito, Reinaldo Alves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0816557348697162
Species of the fraterculus group are associated to the biggest damages to fruit crops due to the fact that they attack indiscriminately green and ripe fruits, making them pests of great economic importance. These species are hard to tell apart, even showing some potential criptic species. The understanding of the populational structure and biology of this species group is of paramount importance to strategies of management and control of these pests. Here, we investigate variation on the gene yolk em 37 individuals sampled throughout the species distribution in Brazil seeking to better understand the populational structure of this species group in Brazil. Our data indicated existence of recombination, which lead us to analyze three different regions in the gene, 5 , mid, and 3 . These regions show high levels of nucleotide diversity intra and interspecifically for all three gene regions investigated. The use of Nested Clade Phylogenetic Analysis independently used on these regions indicate two main results that occurred more than one throughout our analyses. The first is a range expansion from north-NE populations towards the south, mostly related to specimens of Anastrepha fraterculus. The second common event, detected eight times, is restricted gene flow with isolation by distance (IBD). Dating of such events indicated that they are temporarily congruent which might indicate that the lack of IBD in other levels of the analysis might be caused either by sampling limitations or an excess of local gene flow that tampers out as we move farther in space. Our results of the gene yolk have provided us with a better understanding of the levels of local variation of this marker of for the species that may help us determine the evolutionary processes that shaped the species group current distribution.
Subjetividade, o si-mesmo e o narcisismo: uma leitura freudiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-06-30) Silva, Américo Soares da; Monzani, Luiz Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1157214452728090
This work has like finality carries out an inquiry boarding that problem of self from the Freudian theory. To carry out this proposal, we use principally that concept of narcissism; we establish an articulation so much with different aspects of that Freudian psychoanalysis, as also we did use of some literary works that allowed to us to build a parallel between that psychoanalytic approach and the philosophical one. In this form we believe to be possible a relevant discussion to outline the questions wrapping, in a more general way, the subjectivity and, in individual, the problem around the formation of self.