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O público e a compreensão da informação nos rótulos de alimentos: o caso dos transgênicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07) Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; Pinheiro, Sonia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
A rotulagem constitui uma importante interface da informação técno-científica com o público em geral. Apresentam-se resultados de um estudo cujo objetivo foi o exame dos hábitos de leitura dos rótulos dos alimentos por parte dos consumidores, e a sua compreensão das informações neles contidas. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de grupos focais e a aplicação de um questionário. A pouca leitura de rótulos constatada aponta implicações relevantes no contexto da importância atribuída à rotulagem dos alimentos transgênicos.
O padrão de dispersão é sexo-assimétrico nos Euglossíneos (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)? Um estudo de caso: Euglossa cordata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-01) Cerântola, Natália de Campos Muradas; Del Lama, Marco Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5020640711648642
The Tribe Euglossini consists of relatively large bees, with metallic skin and bright color. Their extremely long tong enables them to use nectar resources that are inaccessible to other bees. Equipped with high capacity of dispersal, they are able to survive in disturbed environments, and compose even 25% of bees diversity in some forests. As important pollinators of many Angiosperms, especially Orchidaceae, they are fundamental to maintaining the stability of plant communities. Some species of the tribe are abundant in cities, in particular, Euglossa cordata. The genetic variability of five urban populations of this species was estimated by López-Uribe (2006) in adults caught while they were collecting nectar in flowers of Thevetia peruviana. The lack of structure found from nuclear loci (allozymes) and significant population structure for the 16S mitochondrial region are evidences that males and females showed different patterns of dispersion, where females are philopatrics while males are dispersers. To corroborate this hypothesis, this study aimed to determine the genetic structure of populations of E. cordata collected in flowers of T. peruviana in cities along a north/south transect of the State of São Paulo using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data. The genetic differentiation found in the examined 12 populations was significant for the data sequence of mitochondrial cytb region (Fst=0.15; P<0.05), unlike observed for nine microsatellite loci (Fst=0.008; P>0.05). Allozymes loci were analyzed with the primary purpose of checking the individuals species; most polymorphisms showed that the populations are homogeneous, similar to the microsatellite data. Thus, our data from nuclear genes strongly suggest that there is no evidence of population structure in E. cordata, whereas mitochondrial data suggest structured population and that geographical proximity influence the events of colonization. Our results indicate that dispersal and colonization in E. cordata are characteristic attributes of males and females, respectively.
Caracterização da logística de distribuição de hortaliças orgânicas na cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-02) Terrazzan, Priscila; Valarini, Pedro José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9101386053957180; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0072562165481454
Organic production plays a key role in agro-social development, and in commercialization, distributors are of essential importance for the supply to the sale points of organic products. In that way, this dissertation investigates the key factors of the logistics of distribution of organic horticultural products in the city of São Paulo. The research was developed between April and October 2008, when were interviewed the representatives of supermarkets and of the distribution companies of organic products. Qualitatively, the work was done through the theoretical review, construction of forms and inferences on the information given by interviewees. The quantitative stage was the application form and the analysis and relations of data, to identify particularly: main actors representative of the distribution chain and their characteristics, how the management of logistics activity is done, the level of performance of distribution system. The result showed that these distribution systems, satisfy, in part, to technological and operational requirements for the supply to the supermarket. Three major groups represent the supermarket sector and their supply is basically made by eleven distribution companies, eight of which participated in the survey and provide an average of 1,187,000 units of fruit and vegetables per month. Supermarkets absorb 89% of the total sold by distributors. The performance of the distribution system is a little short of satisfying the supermarket, requiring better techniques for handling and transport. The distributors are going professional on the corporate planning and to work with the integration of the sectors of the company, which will require an optimization of its processes of operation and management. In this sense, they search for work with the development of the supply chain. Logistics activities are little measured and there is a low efficiency in carrying capacity of vehicles (the overall average is 77.5%). The availability of load return is less than 50%, and the cost of transport represents an average of 11.88% of sales of these distributors. The logistical successful arrangements may serve as a reference to the benchmarking of agents of the organic sector to the improvement of its logistics distribution.
APQP: caracterização da aplicação da metodologia de gestão de desenvolvimento de produtos em fornecedores dos setores de linha branca e automotivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-02) Pimenta, Laura Cunha Neto; Pereira, Neocles Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
The exchange of knowledge and optimization of resources optimism are increasingly needed necessaries for companies´ Product Delevopment Process (PDP). The Product Quality Advanced Planning (APQP) is a structured method, contained in Norm ISO/TS 16:949:2002, which aims to define and execute the actions required for a PDP in order to ensure that the product satisfies the customer. It´s greatest contribution is to facilitate communication among all people and activities. Although the APQP has been used primarily by the automotive industry, the possibility to apply this method for the white goods industry is considered, mainly due to this industry has been precursor of many methods, such as lean production. Furthermore, the search for a developing standardized products method could facilitate the work of automotive and white goods suppliers. The lean production has also contributed to the optimization of resources and administrative proceedings in these industries. Thus, this standardized method could include the use of some lean production tools. The aim of this work is to characterize the use of APQP in white goods and automotive industries suppliers and more specifically, to evaluate the possible failures in these suppliers product development process, and to discuss the importance of tools in each step of APQP and the application of these to white goods industry. The hypotheses were made concerning the possible simplification of this standard method, the integration of areas, the knowledge obtained in the implementation of APQP and facilities of lean production and six sigma for the implementation of APQP. The chosen method for this work was the description of five case studies made in companies of the electro electronic and chemical fields, which are suppliers of both industries cited. In these companies a representative of the automotive and one of white goods industry were interviewed. The research finds that it´s possible to use the APQP method in the white goods as well as it shows white goods companies which have already requested it to suppliers. It also describes the PDPs of each company, highlights the major failures in the methods used and describes an overview of the automotive and white goods industries PDPs. A proposal to APQP application with some lean production tools is presented in the final chapters.
UbiComSPL: desenvolvimento baseado em MDA, de linha de produto de software no domínio de aplicações ubíquas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-03) Oliveira, Raphael Pereira de; Prado, Antonio Francisco do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1900481113982922
This thesis presents an approach to Development based on Model-Driven Architecture, of Ubiquitous Applications Domain Software Product Lines. The approach uses Model-Driven Architecture to facilitate the modeling reuse of the same application in different architectures of the Ubiquitous Computing. With focus in the problem domain, the Software Product Lines core is developed and it is reused in the products construction. One of the assets that composed the Software Product Lines is the Ubiquitous Computing Framework, developed to attend the non functional requirements of Ubiquitous Computing. The CASE tool, called MVCASE, makes automatic part of the activities in the proposed approach.
Análise do processo de apropriação dos gêneros discursivos em práticas letradas socialmente valorizadas: redações de alunos do cursinho pré-vestibular da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-03) Modro, Marcos Vinícius; Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7433211898884174
This work investigates the process of appropriation of secondary discourse genres (Bakhtin, 1992) in institutional contexts as a part of processes of social participation. Our main objective was to describe and to understand how students of the Vestibular preparatory Course (Cidade Aracy II neighborhood, in São Carlos) appropriate themselves of discursive and textual mechanisms that imply the meaning manners in the argumentative discourse genres, and as these mechanisms interconnect with the social and discursive structures, as ways of participation in the institutional literacy practices. We consider three theoretical assumptions: discourse genres studies into process of teaching/ learning of Portuguese language; the three-dimensional concept of the language of the English linguist Norman Fairclough (2001); and, the Literacy Studies. The work focuses on the access and students participation in different literacy practices and on the textual elements that they integrate into the textual production of those social contexts. The data collected through semi-structured questionnaire and the textual production of the subject of research demonstrate that the students are involved in an initial process of appropriation of the genres of the institutional sphere. We are referring to the knowledge of certain social rules and specific linguistic and discursive of the social sphere (i.e. the Vestibular exam, the University). The results of this research point to the fact that the teacher, as literacy agent, needs to focus on social activities to provide an enlargement of the students previous knowledge, besides creating opportunities so the students to participate in social reading and writing practices of the different social spheres. Thus, through the qualitative research, we intend to offer subsidies for: a) a responsive reflection concerning the school practices and the processes that involve the production of argumentative texts for the Vestibular exam; b) the understanding in the dialectic relationship among social and linguistic elements in the teaching and learning process of Portuguese language; c) the understanding of the inherent subject to the social mobility, to the social identity construction and to the practices of sense production in the speech and in the writing concerning specific social contexts.
Análises filogeográficas de Exaerete smaragdina (Guérin-Méneville, 1845) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) e sua hospedeira Eulaema nigrita (Lepeletier, 1841) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) e o status de Exaerete lepeletieri (Oliveira & Nemésio, 2003)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-07) Silva, Otávio Lino e; Del Lama, Marco Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399955564656749
Rede overlay de suporte a ambientes virtuais colaborativos em redes veiculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-13) Meneguette, Rodolfo Ipolito; Araujo, Regina Borges de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4981889689994770
Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) are synthetic 3D environments shared by multiple remotely located users with a common goal: the access to the environment through avatars (graphical representations of the user). CVEs are becoming popular on mobile devices such as handheld devices and cell phones, through games and simulations for users entertainment and comfort. These virtual environments require low latency and high scalability so that a large number of participants can interact in a consistent way without losing the immersion feeling. Therefore it entails a major concern on participants s connection strategies, especially when these environments are implemented on moving vehicles, because the unique characteristics of a vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs) like high mobility of nodes, high speed transmission and a highly dynamic topology demand a complex structure to overcome these limitations. These characteristics lead us to communication challenges among participants and to the dissemination of actions results of their avatars in the CVE and / or the state change of an object for all participants. The communication support network should be able to cope with the entrance of an increasing number of participants in the CVE without affecting these users feeling of presence. In order to overcoming the challenges of scalability and ensuring a uniform view of the virtual world for all users in VANETs networks, this paper presents a design and evaluation of an overlay network, specifically a peer-to-peer (p2p) network, which aims at providing connectivity between users of a CVE, in addition to updating the status of avatars and objects in the CVE for all participants, ensuring that information is delivered in the shortest time possible.
Mapeamento de QTL nos cromossomos 24 e 29 para medidas de peso, resistência a carrapato e estresse térmico em uma população F2 (Gir X Holandês)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-13) Cervini, Marcelo; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6385352144935008
In the latest years, Brazil became one of the most important countries regarding the production and exportation of animal-based food. Improvements on the sanitary conditions and animal research applied to animal production were some of the elements which have placed Brazil in this highlight position. However, difficulties on controlling the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and herd management limitations concerning heat stress situations hamper a greater development on the national production. A significant part of the variation on these traits is controlled by many genes (Quantitative Trait Loci - QTL). The identification of loci influencing these traits is important for genetic improvement programs. The objective of this study was to identify and map QTL for tick resistance and heat stress tolerance in the chromosomes 24 and 29, as well as QTL related to growth traits in a F2 population (Gir x Holstein) by using the microsatellites scan methodology. No QTL was identified for the tick number found. However, on chromosome 24, an indicative QTL (P<0.10) for birth weight was identified. On chromosome 29, significant QTL for sweating rate (P<0.01) and respiration frequency (P<0.05) were also recognized. In addition, a suggestive QTL (P<0.05) for standardized weaning weight was found in chromosome 29 in one of the families. These results could help to improve the knowledge about the general factors affecting the evaluated traits, making possible the development of more efficient selection strategies for the environment conditions in the Brazilian production systems.
Ordenamento ferromagnético em poli(3-hexiltiofeno) à temperatura ambiente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-14) Paula, Fernando Rogério de; Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3477304897380535
In this work we present, for the first time, a systematic study of magnetic properties of an alkyl derivative of thiophene: the poly(3-hexylthiophene) prepared in acetonitrile. This polymer was investigated in different preparation conditions, i.e., water concentration of the electrolyte solution, applied pressure in the pellets, growth and reduced potentials. The goal was the comprehension of magnetic phases in poly(3-hexylthiophene) and the development of a protocol for sample preparation. This procedure aims the control the magnetic properties. Magnetic measurements as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field performed in SQUID magnetometer show that the poly(3-hexylthiophene) exhibits a ferromagnetic phase at room temperature. Our results show that the ferromagnetic phase appears due to the exchange interaction between polaron in interchains. Experiments performed with samples stored in air and exposed at high temperature (400 K), show that the nice ferromagnetic behavior is reduced. These results discard the possibility of contamination by magnetic particles.
Uma solução baseada em agentes para redes sensores sem fios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-14) Spadoni, Igor Marçal Botamede; Araujo, Regina Borges de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2474232792086091
Typically the current monitoring systems for physical environments subject to situations of emergency, such as industrial plants, petroliferous platforms, nuclear plants, etc., do not have the accuracy required to observe emergency events due to lack of information and/or accuracy about what is occurring in the physical environment during the event. Therefore, there is no way to know exactly where, how, and why some situations of emergency have occurred. On the other hand wireless sensor networks (WSN) are being used more and more to monitor systems of critical safety. In these systems the level of data reliability is critical, mainly when situations of emergency (events) that involve risks to life and assets occur. Therefore, it is essential to monitor incidents in an accurate way all through the event. Clearly in these environments the sensors flow of information must feed a system of continuous monitoring during the event. Besides, following up all phases of the incident may be used for future investigation and prevention by revealing the source of the problem. It may also help the rescue team, regarding managing and making decisions. The WSN present limited resources, such as communication, processing, and memory, which generate great challenges for designers of solutions for networks, such as protocols of routing and applications. In this Dissertation a routing protocol, which uses the mobile agents paradigm to perform data collecting and forwarding was designed, implemented, and evaluated. With the mobile agents there is no need for sensors to send its reading to a centralized node (sink) every time an abnormality is detected in the environment being monitored. The mobile agent designed as part of this work is personalized according to the needs of the application (for example, lower latency, higher delivery rate, etc). The agent is responsible for visiting the nodes of the WSN that have identified problems, collecting the data read and performing the fusion of the data of that region. The highlight of this work relies on the flexibility of the agent for changes of behavior that grant the service quality during the collecting and delivery of data even in diverse conditions.
Impactos da estratégia de produto no canal de distribuição : estudo multicaso sobre o relacionamento entre a indústria avícola e o varejo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-15) Pêgo, Luíza Santos; Silva, Andrea Lago da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2053931131632647
The strategy of the marketing channel can not be formulated as there was no other itens to be explored in the marketing strategy of the companies. The variable product was chosen among the other three from the marketing mix, as it is considered the activity essence of any industry. Three large areas can be highlighted as the ones more related to the marketing channel management: new product planning and development, product life-cycle and strategies related to the product management. The proposal of this work was to analyze how the interrelation between the product questions, previously quoted, and the domestic marketing channels management of the poultry industry affect their relationship with the retail link of the channel. This industry was chosen due to its importance to the national agribusiness, as a currency generator as well as to the internal market supplying. This research restricted to study the direct relationship between large companies and large retail trade operative in Brazil, not considering the wholesalers. As a research method, it was adopted the multiple case study in the poultry industry and the retail. In loco interviews were conducted with the directors of the product and marketing areas of the poultry industry and the commercial managers of the retailers. The interviews were conducted with the use of a semistructured questionnaire, validated by researchers of different areas. This research has identified that the relationship level between the poultry industry and the retail, in the three areas studied, is unsatisfactory for the involved parts. It was veriried that the new products planning an developing areas are the ones more affected by the lack of communication between the industry and the retail. In this way, the enterprises claim to more collaborative actions of their partners, in different areas, in order to begin a cooperation process between the parts. Although they pointed out this wish, both industry and retail have not shown being motivated to take any initiative in this way. This can be explained by, mainly, the market power of both actors exhibited during the final product negotiation.
Projeto e implementação de um serviço de interpretação de contexto em apoio à preparação e resposta a emergências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-16) Campos, Marcio Roberto de; Araujo, Regina Borges de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1164805585837669
In this MSc project an interpretation service was designed and implemented containing a knowledge base built from the integration of ontologies and a fuzzy inference system. Besides interpreting what is occurring in the environment, the main feature of this service is to provide additional information on the phenomenon being observed, such as neighboring risks. The knowledge base was generated with the help of experts in the field of emergency preparedness and response. For the real-time monitoring to be effective it is necessary that the data captured by sensors from the physical environment be interpreted in a fast and accurate way. Context interpretation can be either simple when handling information ambiguities and replication or highly complex when different contexts and events correlation are involved. Wireless sensors networks are increasingly being used as powerful tools for the monitoring of environments subject to life and assets risk situations, such as fires, toxic gas leaks and explosions. Emergency management systems that incorporate wireless sensor networks are being used to support emergency first responders in the decision making process where response time is crucial for the success of rescue operations. To validate the proposed interpretation service, implemented as a tool to aid in emergency situations, a use case was built using a local company plant. The context interpretation service built from the integration of ontologies and fuzzy techniques has shown to be a potential aid tool for the monitoring of physical environments subject to emergency situations
Administração de cloreto de mercúrio a ratas em desenvolvimento : efeitos sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas adultas de diferentes idades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-16) Bezerra, Juciléia Barbosa; Nonaka, Keico Okino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2275161611270650
The bone tissue is influenced by internal and external factors and heavy metals, as mercury, are examples of external or environmental factors. The mercury chloride (HgCl2) when absorbed by human body, deposits in the bone and fat tissue and dislocates bones and muscles minerals to circulation, being able to provoke illnesses. In this study, Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: 3m, 6m, 9m and 12 months (12m) days of life. The animals were treated with HgCl2 or saline through gavage. The treatment began at 30 days of age, 5 times per week, during 60 days. The daily dose was of 0,3mg/Kg of body weight (BW) of HgCl2 and 0,1ml of saline/100g BW. After this period, the group 3m was sacrificed immediately afterwards by decapitation whereas the other groups had remained without treatment until they completed the desired age. The right femurs and vertebrae (L5) were removed for biometrics, physical and biomechanics analysis. The treatment with mercury chloride induced higher values of physical and biometric parameters in the 6m group and lower values in the 12m group and no odifications in the 3 and 9 m groups, when compared with saline treatment. Moreover, the treatment with CM promoted rats vaginal opening with 51 days of life in treated group whereas in the controls this opening occurred in 44,4 days of life.We concluded that the treatment with HgCl2, in the dose of 0,3mg/Kg BW retarded the age at the speed change of the growth of the animals, especially in 6m and 12m groups. Moreover, the HgCl2 promoted bone fragility in animals from 12m group, as can be observed by the analysis of the biometrics, physicals and biomechanics properties, in both femur and vertebrae. The treatment with CM still delayed the sexual maturity of rats.
Química de Acosmium dasycarpum: identificação de alcalóides quinolizidínicos por CG-EM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-17) Figueiredo, Uir Santana de; Vieira, Paulo Cezar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7605529873093547
This work reports the identification of quinolizidíne alkaloids (QA) and other non-alkaloidal secondary metabolites found in plants, and a discussion on the likely biosynthetic pathway of quinolizidine alkaloids. Phytochemical study of A. dasycarpum resulted in the isolation of 26 substances, 9 of them quinolizidine alkaloids: homo-6-epipodopetaline, acosmine, acosminine, dasycarpumine, bowdechine, panascomine, a mixture of lupanine and lupanocosmine and 24-methyl-homo-6-epipodopetaline, the later reported for the first time in the literature; two styryl α-pyrones: 12-O-desmethylyangonine and 12-O-βDglucopyranosyldesmethylyangonine; two triterpenes: lupenone and lupeol, the later in large amounts; a mixture of steroids: sistosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, and a chlorogenic acid: 5-O-cafeoilquinic acid. It was also isolated 2,3-dihidrobenzofuran derivatives: bowdenol and a mixture containing eight fatty acid esters of bowdenol, bowdenyl myristate, pentadecanoate, palmitoleate, palmitate, margarate, linoleate, oleate and stearate esters . The investigation of the methanol extract from the of roots of Acosmium dasycarpum using GC-MS, led to detect 30 quinolizidine alkaloids: α-isosparteine, β-sparteine, 5,6 dehydrosparteine, sparteine, ammodendrine, 4-hydroxysparteine, N- methyl angustifoline, lupanine, aphylline, multiflorine, homo-6-epipodopetaline, 18-epipiptanthine, piptanthine, podopetaline, ormosanine, homosweetinine, homoormosanine, homo-18-epiamazonine, homopiptanthine, homo-18-epipiptanthine, homopodopetaline, lupanocosmine, dasycarpumine, dasycosmine, acosmine, panascosmine and acosminine, santanine, isodasinine, dasinine and dasycosmine, the last four are compounds are reported here for the first time. It has been suggested a possible biogenesis for the quinolizidine alkaloids with lupine, acosmine and diazo-adamantane skeleta.
Mapeamento genético no camarão marinho Litopenaeus Vannamei (Crustacea, Decapoda)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-23) Gonçalves, Michelle Mantovani; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652836078371785
Two genetic linkage maps were constructed referent to two full-sib families (G1 and G2) of the marine shrimp species Litopenaeus vannamei, and the integration of these maps was accomplished. The mapping was based on polymorphic markers derived from nine AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) primers. A total of 103 and 59 segregating polymorphic markers were used in the construction of the maps for families G1 and G2, respectively. The G1 family map consisted of 14 linkage groups, with estimated genome coverage of approximately 350 cM. The G2 map presented 4 linkage groups, with genome coverage of around 300 cM. The integration of the maps evidenced eight AFLP anchor markers in a same linkage group (LG1) in both families, to which 66 markers were allocated, leading to a well saturated linkage group, with estimated genome coverage of 874.16 cM.
Combinação de múltiplos classificadores para reconhecimento de face humana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-24) Salvadeo, Denis Henrique Pinheiro; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475921082905793
Lately, the human face object has been exploited by the advent of systems involving biometrics, especially for applications in security. One of the most challenging applications is the problem of human face recognition, which consists of determining the correspondence between an input face and an individual from a database of known persons. The process of face recognition consists of two steps: feature extraction and classification. In the literature of face recognition, different techniques have been used, and they can be divided into holistic techniques (implicit feature extraction), feature-based techniques (explicit feature extraction) and hybrid techniques (involving the two previous). In many articles, holistic techniques have proved to be most efficient and generally they involve methods of statistical pattern recognition as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Neural Networks. For problems such as human face recognition in digital images, a crucial point is the ability to generalize. The solution for this problem is complex due to the high dimensionality of data and the small number of samples per person. Using a single classifier would reduce the ability of recognition, since it is difficult to design a single classifier in these conditions that capture all variability that span the human faces spaces. Thus, this work proposes to investigate the combination of multiple classifiers applied to the problem of face recognition, defining a new scheme to resolve this problem, varying the feature extraction with PCA and some its variants and LDA, K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Maximum Likelihood (MaxLike) classifiers and several trainable or not trainable methods for combining classifiers. Still, to mitigate the problem of small sample size (SSS), a technique for regularizing the covariance matrix was used. Finally, to assess the classification performance, Holdout and Resubstitution methods were used to partition the data set and the Kappa coefficient and Z and T statistics were used to measure the performance of the proposed scheme. From the experiments it was concluded that the best sub-schemes were the RBPCA/MaxLike-PCA/NN-KL5/NN classifiers combined by the Majorite Vote Rule for the ORL database and the RLDA+RPCA/MaxLike-KL4/NNKL5/ NN classifiers combined by the Sum Rule for the AR database, obtaining Kappa coefficients of 0.956 (mean) and 0.839, respectively. Besides that, it has been determined that these sub-schemes are robust to pose (ORL database), illumination and small change of the facial expression, but they were affected by occlusions (AR database).
Desenvolvimento de estratégias para a determinação espectrofotométrica sequencial em fluxo de Co (II) e Mn (II)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-24) Ferreira, Juliana Aparecida; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9417279435389816
In this study a kinetic-spectrophotometric method was developed for sequential determination of Co and Mn in pharmaceutical samples. The method was based on the catalytic effect of the analytes in the oxidation reaction of Tiron by H2O2 in basic medium. In the case of Mn it was employed the activator reagent 2,2-bipyridine to effective catalysis. The FIA system was projected taking into account the catalytic properties of each analyte in the indicator reaction. Two factorial designs were applied, initially, a fractionary factorial design 29-5 followed by a complete factorial design 23 to select the important variables, and then a factorial design 22 + central point + star for optimizing of FIA system. Fractionary factorial designs 27-2 were applied in the study of possible interferents for Co and Mn. The main interferents were mathematically described using factorial + central point + star designs. The pharmaceutical samples were digested by concentrated HNO3 in digestor block. To evaluate the accuracy of the developed method, samples (n=3) were analyzed by FS-FAAS and based on the determination concentrations, these were diluted to posterior analysis aplyingby the developed method. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for FS-FAAS were 3.9 and 13.2 μg L-1 for Co; 110.0 and 366.0 μg L-1 for Mn, respectively. To developed method the LOD and LOQ were 0.055 and 0.18 μg L-1 for Co, 9.76 and 32.5 μg L-1 for Mn, respectively. Comparison between the two methods was evaluated by paired t-test. At 99% confidence level, the values did not differ statistically for Co. However, for Mn, the concentration values agreed but this data cannot be statistically confirmed due to differences of standard deviations of the two methods. The repeatability was 3.2% for Co and 8.0% for Mn. The sampling frequency was 25 samples h-1.
Análise comparativa da variação genética entre os estoques cultivado e natural de Prochilodus argenteus: implicações para o repovoamento de rios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-24) Campos, Wagner Narciso de; Hatanaka, Terumi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666878061867996; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3793013870234455
Introduction of hatchery fish in river has been the major using strategy for river fishery rehabilitation, working to attenuate river damage in short time. But there are effective risks about their efficiency and results, concerning the pool gene preservation and illness proliferation, beyond others ecologies and economics aspects. At São Francisco river, during two decades it was used this kind of procedure with some species of fish, but there are no quantitative data about their efficiency. Prochilodus argenteus, popular known as Curimatápacu, is pointed as the most important economic specie at São Francisco basin, responsible for 50% of all fishery production. Therefore, this project goals to trace the genetic profile of a Prochilodus argenteus hatchery population, looking for identify stock genetic variability through 13 SSR loci previous described, and to compare theses data with others described in literature from wild stocks. Tests made with Microchecker, Genepop, and Fsat softwares detected low homozygosis; reduced allelic variability when compared with wild population; increase in heterozygosis when compared with expected; and negative inbreed coefficient, these data got a trace for bottleneck phenomena in a cultured population, and Bottleneck software tests confirm this hypothesis. When the same test was ruled with wild population data results very far from those found in hatchery populations, give a high reliability. To conclude, at cultured and/or management programs are necessary the knowledge of genetic profile population (hatchery or wild) to prevent damaging introgression in wild population and consequently extinction. These data can be used to made fishery river rehabilitation program more efficient, and so, adding with information to fish procreation, industrial fishery and biologic fish conservation studies.
Caracterização ambiental e condição do uso da terra da paisagem do município de São Félix do Araguaia - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-29) Alves, Marilene de Moura; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1879840591735269
There is an increase need for remote sensing data and associated analysis techniques in detecting and monitoring landscape change, particularly for resource management and planning. Information derived from remote sensing spatial data landscape has often been used to assist in the formulation of policies and provide insight into land-use patterns. To understanding human disturbance regimes for developing conservation and ecosystem management plan and for targeting ecological areas that define scarce ecosystems services this study has provided a landscape structure digital database at scales of observations that meet various mapping criteria (geology, geomorphology, pedology, hydrography, hypsometry, road net, settlements, legally protected areas and land-use of the São Félix Araguaia municipality. The monitoring current land-use for characterizing anthropogenic and natural surfaces was based on the use of the Systems of Geographical Information and image LandSat 5 TM. The pattern of land-use reflects the outcomes of more than one human process; for instance, cropland, pastureland and settlements expansion. Natural vegetation was the most abundant land use type, occupying 63.20% of the municipal district total area. Following forest, crop was the next most abundant land use type with 34.75% of the total area. The urban area value is incipient (0.76% of the total area), evidencing that the landscape changes are not influenced by the urban growth. In spite of the amount of forested areas in the municipality is important to point out that many of them are fragmented, isolated, or very close to areas in that the agriculture is the predominant activity. Regional and municipal planners require up-to-date information related to a digital database to effectively manage land development and plan for change.