Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-08-04"

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Modelo matemático do processo de purificação do ácido clavulânico por troca iônica em coluna de leito fixo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-04)
Cuel, Maressa Fabiano
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Kwong, Wu Hong
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5750513580197013
Clavulanic acid (CA) is a β-lactam antibiotic produced industrially by submerged cultures of the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. Due to its importance, several studies on the purification of clavulanic acid have been conducted at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Federal University of São Carlos DEQ-UFSCar. As a natural sequence of these works, a need has been identified for greater knowledge about the CA adsorption process by mathematically modeling the incorporation of the phenomenon of CA degradation in the sites of resin through a first order reaction. Because amino acids stand out among the principal molecules that are found in fermented broth, it has become imperative for the development of the process to evaluate purification in terms of the amino acids present during the purification process. Some of these amino acids, e.g., tyrosines, present physicochemical properties similar to those of clavulanic acid. The process of batch absorption can be simulated by a mathematical model, providing kinetic and transport parameters involved in absorption. A mathematical model of the clavulanic acid purification process in a fixed-bed absorption column was developed to determine the rupture curve. The modeling allowed for the determination of several important process parameters, such as transport parameters and the intrinsic kinetic constants of absorption. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the mass transfer coefficient strongly influences the results of the model. The simulation of the process led to the conclusion that the process is limited both by the degradation stage during absorption and by the mass transfer, indicating that both factors must be taken into account in the analysis of this type of process in a fixed-bed column. It was also found that the degradation of CA in the resin sites is a factor that does not allow the rupture curve to reach the value of C/Co equal to 1, which explains the low yield of the CA process during absorption. This work also aimed to apply the sequencing method to solve the partial differential equations that represent the mathematical model which describes the adsorption of CA in Amberlite IRA-400 resin and to compare it with the finite difference method which is more commonly employed. The application of the proposed methodology in the clavulanic acid purification process in a packed column showed a good performance, with a rupture curve very similar to that obtained by the finite difference method, thus demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method.
Estrutura genética das populações de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) e suas relações com as raças parentais determinadas por meio da análise de microssatélites
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-04)
Collet, Thaís
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3345994967493962
The Africanization process through the Americas started in 1956 with the introduction in Rio Claro (SP) of Apis mellifera scutellata queens from South Africa. The resultant alterations of this process in the characteristics of the preexisting honeybee populations have been measured through several methods, including morphometry, allozymes, mitochondrial DNA patterns and in a lower degree the microsatellite loci. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic structure of the A. mellifera Africanized populations from seven countries of South and Central Americas, employing 12 microsatellite loci. Parental populations from Europe and Africa were used as control. The results obtained from 2034 colonies analyzed indicated that the American Africanized populations presented a high variability and have essentially an African genetic constitution. The South region of Argentina is an exception since those samples keep the variation patterns of the European populations, with a lower degree of polymorphism. However, the presence of Africanized honeybees in high altitudes and low temperatures observed in Colombia indicate that the restrictions for the colonization of temperate regions by the Africanized swarms are not only due to the temperature. Concerning to the low frequencies of the European patterns in the Africanized populations, the contribution of genes characteristics of subspecies from the M lineage (A. m. iberiensis) is higher, with a very low proportion of C lineage genes (A. m. ligustica). Results of population structure indicate that the Africanized populations are genetically low differentiated. Even though a low fraction of European genes exists in the Africanized populations, we can affirm that the genetic constitution of the honeybees of Americas is a straight result of the introduction of A. m. scutellata in Brazil.
Situação atual e perspectivas de utilização de materiais no interior de aeronaves executivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-04)
Costa, Fábio Rodrigues
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Gregolin, José Angelo Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842651773105125
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9160734660960766
This study focuses on analyzing the current situation and perspectives of materials selection and utilization, like composites, decorative laminates and films, and others, in business aircraft, particularly in furnishings and its finishes, of great importance in this sector and systematically few studied. It was used technological prospective and competitive intelligence techniques like interviews with specialists, search in data and patents bases, analysis of existing studies and other sources. A case study was done on finishing materials, which are critical in the business aircraft class. Technological drivers for this sector, like air pollution reduction, personalization and simplicity of utilization, beyond others, were pointed out. It was verified that the materials selection is affected by several factors, namely: market segment involved, flight time and purpose and customer cultural differences, specially in relation to aesthetic, sensitive and comfort requirements; obligation to meet safety requirements from airworthiness agencies, specially in relation to inflammability and structural resistance and cabin safety; need of meeting design requirements, like low weight, high resistance/weight relation, fatigue resistance, degradation resistance, etc. In terms of patenting of cabin, interior and furnishings related technologies, Boeing, Airbus and Bombardier have been in highlighted position, while other business aircraft or interior manufacturers have appeared as owners of a relatively small number of patents. Important companies in key finishes (and their technologies) were identified by patents ownership. It was recommended that the materials selection and procurement process emphasizes the development and capability improvement of potential national suppliers, aiming at meeting business aviation requirements, as well as partnership with the relevant companies in patents ownership. A materials selection methodology was proposed, considering the researched context, which allows the maximization of aggregated value to the customer.
Estudo fluidodinâmico e térmico no transportador pneumático com alimentador tipo jorro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-05)
Sousa, Robson Costa de
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7320586055142013
The pneumatic conveyor using a spouted bed as a particle feeding method has been studied in the past years in the Centro de Secagem/DEQ/UFSCar. In the literature there are some studies related to the fluid dynamics behavior of this type of conveyor, which can be found in the following works: Ferreira (1991); Ferreira e Freire (1992); Ferreira (1996), Silva (1997) e Costa, (2001). The aim of this work is: (i) to analyze the fluid dynamics behavior through experimental data obtained for the gas-solid flow in the dense and dilute phase and also, to evaluate the influence of the distance between the inlet of the contactor and the entrance of the conveyor pipe (z0); (ii) to apply the model developed by Zorana et al. (2004) for predicting the pressure, voidage, gas and solids velocity profiles, and compare the simulated and experimental results; (iii) to analyze the influence of the inlet temperature in the fluid dynamics, heat transfer and water evaporation behaviors. In this work glass beads with dp = 2.7 mm and rp = 2500 kg/m3 were used as a particulate phase. In the drying experiments water was used as an ideal suspension. The average and the standard deviation of the experimental variables were acquired using a LYNX data acquisition system and a routine made in the LabView software. It was possible to verify that the different z0 (5.0, 5.5, 6.0 e 6.5 cm) studied here influenced significantly the fluid dynamic behavior. Also, the dense and dilute regimes were identified by analyzing the experimental pressure gradients. The model used in this work was able to predict the experimental data satisfactorily. Although a significant influence of the air inlet temperature in the fluid dynamics and heat transfer behaviors was not observed in the range (80 and 100 ºC) studied here, it does affect the water evaporation rate, which was higher for the highest temperature.
Simulação da perda de carga e da eficiência de coleta em ciclones através da fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-05)
Valverde Ramirez, Maribel
;
Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9371597807489520
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue simular la descarga de un flujo compuesto por fases gaseosa y solida dentro de un equipo denominado ciclón mediante la técnica numérica denominada Fluido dinámica computacional (CFD). Fueron examinados nueve ciclones con diferentes geometrías. Todos tenían el mismo diámetro principal (0,245 m) y a misma altura (0,875 m), pero la altura de la sección cónica vario de 0,235 m hasta 0,725 m así como también vario la altura del vortex finder de 0,122 m hasta 0,612 m. El paquete comercial utilizado en las simulaciones fue el Fluent 6.3.26. Los resultados de la simulación son analizados teniendo como referencia los datos experimentales obtenidos por Scarpa (2000) donde está disponible datos de la caída de presión y la eficiencia de colecta para los nueve ciclones estudiados. Fueron elaborados mallas de tipo hibrido. La función adapt del Fluent fue utilizado con la finalidad de refinar las mallas tanto en las proximidades de la pared así como en el interior del ciclón. El flujo gas partícula en el interior del ciclón fue modelado considerando como un flujo bifásico Euleriano Lagrangeano, turbulento, tridimensional. La solución numérica fue obtenida utilizando el algoritmo SIMPLEC. El modelo de turbulencia usado fue ��. La interacción entre las partículas fue modelada de dos maneras: utilizando la condición patron de Fluent y la otra fue mediante condiciones basadas en la comparación de las energías envolvías en la interacción. Esta última condición fue implantada mediante el uso de una función definida por el usuario UDF (user defined function). Los , masL oesl uresosu dltea dloass ofubntecnioidnoess daedmapute syt rUanD Fq ueen eel l mpoadqeuleot ed ec otumrbeurcleianl cFialu ��en��t pueden ayudar a aproximar los datos numéricos a los datos experimentales.
Proposta de um algoritmo para o problema de roteirização do transporte escolar rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-06)
Prata, Priscila de Almeida
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4481793155075519
Rural School Transportation is a very important topic but which is scarcely discussed in academic papers, mainly the routing of vehicles for this transport. Its importance is due to the fact that is a constitutional right and results in huge expenses to the municipalities that are responsible for the biggest part of them. Treating this problem manually, like in many Brazilian cities, and considering every one of the system s particularities is a complex task. In this context, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) constitute a convenient Decision Support Tool, but the algorithms that are incorporated in them are not adequate for treating the problem which results in solutions unviable in practice. On the other hand, some GIS permit the inclusion of new functionalities, by means of programming languages, so that the routines may be adapted to the user s needs. Thus, this research proposes an algorithm for the definition of routes that generates more practical solutions. The algorithm is used by a tool where the users inform the necessary data for the definition of the routes and the outcome is a report and a map with the routes. It is also possible to consult each of the routes individually. The algorithm and the tool were developed in TransCAD using a programming language called GIDDK (Geographic Information System Developer s Kit). In order to analyze the performance of the algorithm, two case studies were developed for Brazilian cities with different characteristics. The results showed that the algorithm and the tool may be used as a Decision Support Tool for the definition of rural school transportation routes.
Interação da matéria de vórtices com estruturas de defeitos : detecção das primeiras penetrações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-07)
Zadorosny, Rafael
;
Ortiz, Wilson Aires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6913351251148957
This thesis results from a systematic study of the interactions between penetrated vortices and pinning centers carried out on structured superconductors films of YBCO, Nb and Pb. A regular array of pinning centers (antidots, ADs) was inserted in those samples by mechanical indentations (in YBCO and Nb films), and by a lithographic processes (Pb). The structure of the YBCO film counts with 1680 ADs, each with an effective diameter of 2 μm, distributed in a square array of 50 μm size. The Nb film has 900 ADs, with an effective diameter of 1 μm, forming a square array of 10 μm size. The Pb film has more than 3.7 millions of square ADs, with 0.8 μm of lateral dimensions, and the formed array has size of 1.5 μm. Those systems were studied by DC and AC magnetometry. As the Commensurability Field (Matching Field, MF) associated with their structures, is very small, it was not possible to study the commensurability effects in YBCO and Nb films. However, the Pb film has a structure which MF is 9.1 Oe, so that, jumps in its magnetic response could be observed each time that the applied field reached an integer multiple of that field. The YBCO film was studied in very small DC fields, i.e., only in the presence of the Earth magnetic field. We verified that, as the vortices penetrate the sample, they arrange themselves into the ADs in such a way that the sample behave as a collection of small superconductors arranged side by side. This study was not carried out on the other samples because the preparation of this experiment is very difficult and needs special experimental conditions which are rarely available in our laboratory. Particularly, for the Pb film, we could not have enough time to prepare the experiment due to its rapid degradation. We have studied the temperature dependence of the remnant magnetization (thermoremanence) of the Pb film for several cooling fields. That study revealed that the remnant response of the system increases with the cooling field, however, a saturation value is reached for fields greater than the first MF of its array. This behavior is due to the proximity of the ADs which hinders the pinning of vortices in interstitial regions. The remanence rises sharply up to the first MF, when the remnant flux counts one quantum per AD. For greater fields, the remnant rising rate has a sudden change and approaches to zero. In measurements of χAC as a function of the excitation field amplitude, all of the studied samples revealed that, in the beginning of the penetration, the vortices are impeded to move by the first front of ADs. Upon reaching a certain number, vortices eventually cross this first barrier and move deeper into the sample, up to the second front. In other words, at low temperatures and vortex densities (or, equivalently, at low AC fields), the penetration takes place layer by layer, i.e., the AD fronts act as contention barriers for the entrance of vortices, and they have to be suppressed one by one. We have studied the temperature dependence of the remnant magnetization (thermoremanence) of the Pb film for several cooling fields. That study revealed that the remnant response of the system increases with the cooling field, however, a saturation value is reached for fields greater than the first MF of its array. This behavior is due to the proximity of the ADs which hinders the pinning of vortices in interstitial regions. The remanence rises sharply up to the first MF, when the remnant flux counts one quantum per AD. For greater fields, the remnant rising rate has a sudden change and approaches to zero. In measurements of χAC as a function of the excitation field amplitude, all of the studied samples revealed that, in the beginning of the penetration, the vortices are impeded to move by the first front of ADs. Upon reaching a certain number, vortices eventually cross this first barrier and move deeper into the sample, up to the second front. In other words, at low temperatures and vortex densities (or, equivalently, at low AC fields), the penetration takes place layer by layer, i.e., the AD fronts act as contention barriers for the entrance of vortices, and they have to be suppressed one by one.
Efeitos de antagonistas histaminérgicos H1 e H2 sobre a ansiedade e a memória emocional de camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-07)
Kishi, Marcos Seizo
;
Mattioli, Rosana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2333440373816942
The aim of present work was to evaluate the effect of chlorpheniramine and zolantidine, histamine H1 and H2 antagonist respectively, on anxiety and on emotional memory in mice, through of two experiments. In the first experiment, forty-one male mice were divided into three groups, according to the pharmacological treatment consisting of intraperitoneal injections of 16 mg/kg of chlorpheniramine (CPA n=13), 20 mg/kg of zolantidine (ZOL n=14) or saline (SAL n=14). In the first day (T1), each mouse was tested for 5 minutes in an elevated plus-maze (EPM). The mice received the pharmacological treatment immediately after test, and 24 h later the animals were resubmitted to EPM (T2). Measures of learning and memory (open arm entries, open arm time, % open arm entries, and % open arm time) were analyzed. Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences within groups in % open arm entries and % open arm time. The student-Newmann-Keuls test for multiple comparisons revealed that both variables were reduced during Trial 2 for the animals treated with SAL, ZOL or CPA, thus indicating decreased open arm activity. In the conditions of the first experiment, chlorpheniramine and zolantidine were shown to have no effect on the consolidation of emotional memory in mice. In the second experiment we used 123 mice which were initially divided into 6 groups and which received i.p. injections of zolantidine (20 mg/kg) or chlorpheniramine at doses of 8.0 mg/kg or 16 mg/kg, each with its respective control (saline). Forty minutes after the injection the mice were for the first time exposed to EPM (T1). After 24 hours (T2), each group was subdivided into two new groups which were re-injected with one of the drugs or saline before re-exposure to the maze. In the two days it were evaluated behaviors related to anxiety (percentage of entries and length of stay in the open arms in T1), rates of learning and memory (reduction of percentage of entries and of length of stay in the open arms in T2), locomotor activity (entries in the closed arms). Zolantidine at a dose of 20 mg/kg, and chlorpheniramine at a dose of 8.0 mg/kg, showed no differences concerning the control, both in T1 and as in the comparison of data from T1 and T2. Furthermore, chlorpheniramine at a dose of 16 mg/kg, reduced activity in the open arms already in T1 and SAL-CPA and CPA-CPA showed no reduction of activity in the open arms in T2. The results suggest that zolantidine has no effect on anxiety or emotional memory, while chlorpheniramine presents an anxiogenic effect at a dose of 16 mg/kg.
A formação do psicólogo para o atendimento a pessoas em situação de deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-07)
Caetano, Nadja Carolina de Sousa Pinheiro
;
Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2830278033241388
Disability condition was the theme of the current study which seeks a connection between Special Education and Psychology. The issue of this study came from the problem of how to evaluate, with frugality, complex courses on higher education, in order to verify how well they prepare future professionals to act with people on disability condition, based on what is recommended from the scientific knowledge body existent on this area and also inside the ethical behavior standards established to this profession. The objective of this study consisted in evaluating the impact of a psychology formation course in order to enable future professionals to provide assistance to people on disability condition. To substantiate the study, the concept of disability was initially used, so as to contextualize the acting of a psychologist with a certain public; considering the history, academic formation and acting of this professional with this specific population. Concluding the theoretical part, a synthesis of what literature brings as necessary abilities and competences to a psychologist is presented in order to provide an adequate treatment to the person on situation of disability at its multiple contexts. The methodological outline involved a correlacional study with two groups of students, one with 34 senior students (GEF) and another with 16 beginner students (GEI) from a psychology course at a Piauí higher education public institute. It also involved three instruments: ELASI (Likert Scale on Social Attitudes towards Inclusion), QPPD ( Disability Personal Perception Questionnaire ) and the QEAPPD ( Ethical Questionnaire on Psychological Treating to People on Disability Condition ). The study wishes to compare similarities and differences between the groups, concerning social attitudes towards inclusion, personal perceptions about deficiencies and expected and restricted ethical behaviour so as to identify the impact related to psychologists formation in order for them to act with people on disability condition. The results evinced that the senior students group showed more satisfactory answers than the beginners one, according to the instruments propound analysis, which were still unsatisfying, considering what is suggested by the literature and the profession s ethical code. The GEF group obtained better results than the GEI group at the QPPD , both groups obtained similar results at the ELASI and, at the QUEAPPD , the results varied according to the subjects from the ten evaluated dilemma-situations. The senior students showed better results than the beginners when the situation demanded technical knowledge, however the beginners showed better results when the situation was related to professional acting, because of their choice on not answering or not demonstrating a lack of knowledge, while the seniors chose to inform acting procedures, even though inadequate ones. The instruments used revealed themselves useful and inexpensive. It is important to emphasize that the present evaluation refers, exclusively, to the evaluation of one aspect of the investigated course, and that it is not extended to the course as a whole. The question of how to organize on a curriculum space and time enough to supply a better formation to the psychologist on acting with people on disability condition is, therefore, opened. It is suggested, for future studies, the reproduction of studies of this kind, as well as the creation and improvement of instruments which allow a cheap evaluation of the formation given from higher education courses to professionals who act with people on disability condition.
Os efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade e do Biosilicato®, utilizados independentemente ou associados, sobre o reparo ósseo em ratas osteopênicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-07)
Fangel, Renan
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Oishi, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1973857855614173
Osteoporosis is generally a systematic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. Osteopenia is characterised by a lower bone density than normal bone tissue but higher than osteoporotic bone tissue. Osteoporosis and osteopenia represent a severe health threat to elderly people and they have recently been recognised as a major public health problem. They are related with some clinic manifestations, mainly the increase of the fractures risk. In this context, there is a critical need to develop technologies able of treating osteoporotic and osteopenic fractures. Promising treatments are the use of biomaterials and the Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), which seem to induce osteogenesis and stimulate fracture healing. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the Biosilicate® and the LLLT on bone consolidation of osteopenic rat. Seventy female Wistar rats (12 weeks-old, ± 250g) ovariectomy (OVX) was carried on. The animals were randomly divided into 7 groups, with 10 animals each: standard control (CP); defect bone control (CD), bone defect treated with Biosilicate® (B), bone defect treated with laser 60J/cm2 (L60), bone defect treated with laser 120J/cm2 (L120), bone defect treated with both treatments Biosilicate® and laser 60J/cm2 (B+L60), bone defect treated with both treatments Biosilicate® and laser 120J/cm2 (B+L120). Sixty days post-OVX the osteotomies were surgically performed on the left tibia. In the Biosilicate® treated animals, the cavities were carefully filled with the biomaterial. An 830nm laser was performed for seven sessions. On day 14 post-osteotomy, rats were sacrificed and the tibias were defleshed. Biomechanical properties of the tibia were determined by two tests: the Indentation Test to a depth of 0-0.5mm, 0-1.0mm and 0-1.5mm and the Three-Point Bending Test. From de load-deformation curve, the maximal load (KN) and energy absorption (J) were obtained. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U Test, with the level of significance of 5% (p≤0.05). In relation to biomechanical properties of the Indentation Test, the groups CP, B, B+L60 and B+L120 presented higher statistically values (p<0.05) in relation to group CD. The better biomechanical answer among the groups was present by the group with Biosilicate® utilization in association of 120J/cm². In relation to maximal load of the Three-Point Bending Test, the group L60 presented higher statistically values (p< 0.05) in relation to group CP, B, L120, B+L60, B+L120 and the groups had similar values of absorption energy. The Biosilicate® application raised the biomechanical properties of the callus bone, but didn t raise the biomechanical properties of the tibia determined by Three-Point Bending Test. In the two biomechanical tests, the groups with treatment based only on laser irradiation haven t presented significant results in relation to group control fracture. The bones defects treated with both treatments Biosilicate® and laser 120J/cm2 presented higher biomechanical properties of the callus bone in relation to the group based only Biosilicate® application.
Ordem-desordem: uma avaliação estrutural do Ba(ZrxTi1-x)O3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-07)
Cavalcante, Laécio Santos
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7690248628577122
This work have as aim, the synthesis of ceramic powders of Ba(ZrxTi1¡x)O3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) by the polymeric precursor method and investigate the degree of structural order-disorder of these systems by different characterization techniques, such as: thermogravimetric analysis (TA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, infrared vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The techniques of TA and DTA indicated a large mass loss of the precursors and that the increase in concentration of Zr in the lattice of the systems raises the crystallization temperature. The XRD patterns and Raman spectra showed that the powders of BaTiO3 have tetragonal structure and other systems have cubic structure. The infrared spectra showed a shift toward regions of higher wave number, with the substitution of Ti by Zr in the lattice. XANES spectra evidenced the presence of local clusters [TiO5]/[TiO6] and [ZrO5]/[ZrO6]. Moreover, there is a reduction in the displacement of Ti atom is outside of the center of the octahedron due to the increasing concentration of Zr in BaTiO3 lattice. With the EXAFS spectrum of BaZrO3 was possible to determine the approximate coordination number for the Zr clusters. The results obtained by EPR technique indicate that in the BaZrO3 with structural defects are possible the presence of species with electrons of unpaired spins. The absorption spectra in the UV-vis showed the presence of intermediate electronic levels between the valence band and conduction band in the powders with structural order-disorder, while the crystalline powders do not have the presence of these levels. Through the analysis of PL emission spectra was possible to verify the presence of order-disorder structural at medium range is fundamental for these systems have this property. Also, it was noted that the replacement of Ti by Zr in BaTiO3 lattice promotes a considerable increase in the PL intensity and different maximum emission in the visible (red, orange, yellow, green and blue). Moreover, models based on symmetry breaking among the Ti and/or Zr clusters are presented to explain the PL wide band and dual wide band for the ceramic powders. All the wide band models are proposed based on the presence of defects or symmetry breaking into lattice of these materials that promotes favorable conditions for the PL emission at room temperature before the excitation process.
Caracterização e qualidade ambiental em dois fragmentos florestais na perspectiva da conservação de Alouatta guariba (HUMBOLDT, 1812) no interior do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-07)
Oliveira, Edson Montilha de
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8232595762015490
This study was accomplished in two forest s fragments with different environmental characteristics; the Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo (PEMD), a Conservation Unit located at Pontal of Paranapanema, and the Água-Branca Farm Reserve (RPFAB), a fragment forest near to the of Araçatuba munipality. The objective was to research the environmental characterization and diagnosis of the two areas and to relate with the habitat quality for Alouatta guariba (Brown Howler Monkey). Tools of GIS (Geographical Information System) were used, letters IBGE s climbs 1:50.000, aerial pictures and images Google s to elaborate the thematic cartography of use and occupation of the land. The parameters used to evaluate the habitat quality were canopy covering, phytosociological analysis (vegetacional density and seed dispersion), diversity of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae), home-range area and populational density of A. guariba. The quantitative results among the studied areas were analyzed through the statistical programs EstimateS version 8.0, Systat version 11 and Instat version 3.05. To quantify the covering/opening of the hemispherical canopy pictures it was used a digital machine and the pixels in white were calculated through the program computational GLA (Gap Light analyzer) version 2.0. The home-range values were obtained on computational program Track Maker version 3.8 and also the Biotas 1.03 Alpha was used. The results of environmental characterization of studied areas revealed a fragile situation of the population of howler monkeys in function of the negative impacts of the urban growth in RPFAB. The values of canopy covering and vegetational density resulted insignificantly inferior to RPFAB when compared with PEMD, excepting the diversity of dung beetles that was larger in RPFAB. This fact is discussed through the argument of the entrance of dung beetles that are not characteristic of the forest environment and that came from existent pasture in the proximities. The home range and population density found of the two groups of monkeys are according to reviewed literature. For RPFAB the size of the home range (10,3 - 7,1 ha) it seems to be more influenced by the habitat quality, while for PEMD the size of the home range (11,7 - 8,0 ha) it seems to be influenced by the populational density of howler monkeys. The conservation of A. guariba in PEMD is guaranteed long term due to the size of the area and for treating of a Unit of Conservation. The presence of the species in RPFAB, however, is committed due to the surrounding soil use and occupation and for current intrinsic factors of the environmental quality of the habitat.
Escolarização da pessoa com deficiência intelectual : terminalidade específica e expectativas familiares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-11)
Lima, Solange Rodovalho
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2283989124715050
This research had as a general objective to analyze the coherence between the legal purpose of schooling of the mentally impaired and the meanings given by the family to this schooling in the ordinary classroom of the regular school. The specific objects were: a) to contextualize the national policies regarding education of the mentally impaired and to identify the bases on which they lie; b) to identify the perceptions and expectations of the families regarding the schooling of their intellectually impaired offspring who attend municipal schools in Uberlândia; c) to identify the specific terminality of schooling in the fundamental school of the mentally impaired student in the Special Education policies in Brazil, in the State of Minas Gerais and in the city of Uberlândia; d) to verify what the opinion of the families of mentally impaired students is regarding the specific terminality in the fundamental school. The research can be described as field research, analytical, based on documental reference. The population consisted of 149 members of families of the mentally impaired enrolled in sixteen municipal schools in the city of Uberlândia. 24 members of such families made up the sample, answering questions in a semi-structured interview. The answers were analyzed by means of content analysis. The main results show that: a) the area of special education, since the seventies, has been receiving more attention from the public authorities and has expanded, mainly since the nineties, trying to guarantee the access and permanence of the mentally impaired student in regular and special classes in public schools. Public policies for this area, following the example of the educational field, are oriented by neoliberal policies; b) the specific terminality policy in the national guidelines for education law and ratified by the Resolution number 02 of 2001 is one of the main concerns of the municipal education in Uberlândia, which has been trying to fully implement it, also in tandem with the State law for the same purpose, without, however, involving the families and/or the mentally impaired students; c) regarding the meaning and expectancies of the parents as to the schooling of their mentally impaired children, aspects such as learning and development, literacy and socialization are among the priority reasons for their children to attend classes, among the main contributions from the school in the life of the child and among the future expectancies regarding school; d) in relation to the opinion about the specific terminality we find three groups of family members: the ones who do not wished this certificate for their children, because they believed that it can be a way which will contribute to discrimination and want their children obtain the same certificate that ordinary students do; the ones who are for this policy and see, in the obtaining of the specific terminality the possibility to abbreviate the schooling time of the child in the fundamental school and thus find paid work; and the undecided who sometimes said they wanted the same certificate as regular students and sometimes found themselves unsure of the limits and possibilities of their child s learning. We conclude that, in spite of the advances, the schooling of the mentally impaired has to be rethought and that, in this process, the specific terminality ought to be deeply rediscussed, for as a legal instrument, it is not being suitable for the expectancy of the families, besides showing unfavorable risks to the schooling of students who are mentally impaired in Brazil.
Catalisadores de Co/Al2O3 para reforma a vapor do etanol: estudo do efeito do método de preparação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-11)
Garcia, Silmara Rodrigues
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Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8510190431071866
Alumina supported cobalt catalysts were prepared, characterized and applied in ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production. The support and the supported catalysts were prepared, respectively, by the solvothermal and precipitation, impregnation and deposition-precipitation methods. Contents of 8 and 15% wt of cobalt were used in the preparation of the catalysts. The cobalt was added by impregnation and deposition-precipitation in the Al2O3 supports using a Co(NO3)2.6H2O solution. The solids were characterized by X-Ray Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), Temperature-Programmed Reduction with H2 (TPR-H2), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), BET Nitrogen Adsorption and Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO). The results indicated that the preparation method and the treatment conditions of samples were appropriate for obtaining the wanted compounds. Co3O4 phase was verified for all catalysts through analyses of XRD and TPR-H2 results. Catalytic tests were performed by varying the temperature from 450 to 600°C, with water:ethanol molar ratio of 3:1. The ethanol conversion was superior of 99%, with greater hydrogen yield at 600°C. The lower carbon deposition was observed in catalysts prepared with solvothermal/impregnation methods at 450°C.
Gestão de pessoas em sistemas de tratamento de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-11)
Papani, Patricia Cristina
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451513414190972
The production of drinking water according to hygiene standards is an essential activity within the municipality. Thus, it must be properly managed in order to ensure the quality of the final product. The Water Treatment Systems (SiTAs) face many problems concerning production activities, such as inadequate dosage of chemical products, water and energy loss, high percent of waste generated and inadequate disposal, among others, which can be associated to the lack of qualification of the involved personnel. Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing personnel management in seven water treatment systems of mid-sized cities of the state of São Paulo. The data and information were obtained by means of technical visits, interviews and questionnaires aimed at system managers, water treatment operators and other employees. During these technical visits it was possible to observe problems such as improper effluent disposal in the sources, non-use of individual protection equipment by the involved personnel (EPIs), no treatment to remove mud particles from water purifiers and also no treatment of filter washing water. The information provided by the different sources of the SiTA was found to be discrepant during data collection. It was found that system management is concerned with the implementation of technological improvements and, particularly, with personnel development, by means of courses, trainings and events. The information obtained here made it possible to establish a diagnosis of the current status of the analyzed systems concerning personnel management, and showed that, of the seven systems assessed, three counted on an optimized personnel management, three SiTAs had transition management and one system had conventional management. The referred diagnosis also made it possible to obtain parameters to support the proposal of improvements to the SiTAs that are the object of the present study. Consequently, the implementation of an optimized management of water treatment systems is directly related to a systemic view and to the preparation and perception of managers so as to make them aware of the importance of employees as the main factor that determines system efficiency. However, the type of personnel management found in the SiTAs stresses the need for implementation of a more efficient program of personnel development based on preparation, qualification, recognition and motivation of the employees, aimed at the continuous improvement of these people and their systems. This research can be a valuable tool to increase the awareness of managers of public and private water treatment systems about the importance of proper personnel management, with the purpose of improving the water quality and the services rendered by these systems.
Graduações de grupo na álgebra das matrizes triangulares superiores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-11)
Menis, Alexandra Cristina
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Fidelis, Marcello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6158793473577176
In this work we study group gradings on the upper triangular matrices algebra UTn(F), which have several applications in the PI-algebra theory. Our main purpose is to exhibit a description of all _nite gradings of UTn(F) by a group G up to isomorphism. To begin with, we restrict to the case where the base _eld F is algebraically closed of characteristic zero and the group G is _nite abelian. Using the method of group representation we present an explicit description of the duality between G-actions and G-gradings on an associative algebra, and such duality plays an important role in the proof of the main result presented for this case. Finally, the proof of the general result, for an arbitrary base _eld F and an arbitrary group G, accomplished by an alternative approach deeply based on semi-simplicity properties of rings is presented.
Efeito do extrato bruto e da fração alcaloídica de Erythrina velutina em camundongos submetidos ao labirinto em cruz elevado e ao modelo de esquiva inibitória do tipo descida da plataforma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-11)
Silva, Polianna Braga
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350070962388356
In the popular therapy Erythrina velutina (EV), plant family Fabaceae, is used as an analgesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic or sedative and combating insomnia. Previous studies performed in rodents suggest that extracts of EV have anxiolytic and amnesic effect. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gross extract and alkaloid fraction of EV in mice submitted to elevated plus-maze (EPM) and inhibitory avoidance test. For this we conducted two experiments: for Experiment 1, Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned in 10 groups according to the treatment midazolam (MDZ- 0, 2.0 mg/Kg, i.p.); gross extract (50, 100, 200, 400 e 800 mg/Kg, p.o.) and alkaloid extract (3.0, 10 e 30 mg/Kg, p.o.). Thirty minutes after drug administration they were exposed to the EPM. For Experiment 2, animals were assigned in 2 groups: no footshock (NFS) and with footshock (WFS). The first exposure, thirty min. after saline administration (p.o) mice were exposed to the footshock (0.3mA, 15 s) or not. Twenty-four hours after the first exposure, animals received MDZ, gross extract or alkaloid extract. Thirty min. after the drugs being administrated, they were reexposed over the platform (no shock) to evaluate the latency (L2). In Experiment 1, one-way independent analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that EV (50 mg/kg), enhanced the percentage open arm entries and percentage open time, but the doses (100 and 800 mg/kg) only resulted on significant increase of percentage open arm entries in EPM. In experiment 2, the two-way independent ANOVA (Factor 1: shock x Factor 2: treatment) shows significant effect to aversive stimuli exposure (P < 0.05), treatment (P < 0.05) and interaction between factors (P < 0.05). The post hoc shows that the treatment with gross extract of EV (400 mg/Kg) and alkaloid fraction (30 mg/Kg) resulted on significant decrease of latency on animals previously exposed to aversive stimuli. In this sense, we demonstrated that gross extract and alkaloid extract of EV had anxiolitic-like effect on the anxiety of mice submitted to EPM and inhibitory avoidance test.
Colisões atômicas controladas em eletrodinâmica quântica de cavidades : emaranhamento como medida da classicalidade do campo de radiação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-12)
Gama, Otávio Fabris
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9914995130055228
In this dissertation we presente a study on the entanglement between two identical and noninteracting two-level atoms, generated by their interaction with only a singl cavity filed mode. We also show how to calculate the intensity of correlation between thes atoms by Concurrence. Besides, was show the entanglement evolution for different field states and parameters for these states in two intaraction regimes: ressonant and dispersive, showing numerically how the maximum entanglement evolves form one regime to other for each cavity filed state. We are also abble to identify wich parameters influence the intensity and shape of entanglement, allowing us to define a non-classicality criterion for the radiation field.
Determinação voltamétrica de analitos de interesse farmacêutico utilizando um eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-12)
Sartori, Elen Julciléia Romão
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4436300782833384
The development of electroanalytical procedures for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), propranolol (PROP), atenolol and sildenafil (Viagra®) in pharmaceutical formulations using a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode, square wave and differential pulse voltammetric techniques are described. ASA was directly determined in a 0.01 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution without the need of a previous alkaline hydrolysis step with the BDD electrode and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The analytical curve was linear in the ASA concentration range 2.5 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10-6 mol L-1. Then, the analytical determination of PROP was carried out in a 0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution using a cathodically pre-treated BDD electrode employing SWV. The analytical curve was linear in the PROP concentration range 2.0 × 10-7 to 9.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 1.8 × 10-7 mol L-1. The determination of atenolol was accomplished in 0.5 mol L-1 NaNO3 (pHcond 1.1 adjusted with concentrated HNO3) on a cathodically pre-treated BDD electrode employing SWV. The analytical curve was linear in the atenolol concentration range from 2.0 × 10-6 to 4.1 × 10-5 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 9.3 × 10-7 mol L-1. Finally, a procedure for the determination of sildenafil in 0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4 on a cathodically pre-treated BDD electrode employing differential pulse voltammetry was developed. The analytical curve was linear in the sildenafil concentration range 7.3 × 10-7 to 7.3 × 10-6 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 4.8 × 10-7 mol L-1.
Efeito dos materiais do backing bar na geometria e dureza de juntas soldadas por FSW em ligas de alumínio 6013 e 2024
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-12)
Rosales, Marcio José Cuccolo
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Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4022439112683922
Solid-state joining techniques such as Friction Stir Welding (FSW) are a natural choice to produce weld low heat input, limited slight distortion and low microstructural and mechanical degradation. Great effort has currently been devoted to the joining of Al-Cu-Mg and the Al-Mg-Si alloys because of their high strength, improved formability, and application in airframe structures. FSW is a continuous, hot shear, autogenous process involving a non-consumable and rotating tool plunged between two abutting workpieces. Classical or single sided friction stir welds utilize a steel backing bar, to support the workpieces but also to prevent material loss from the join. The backing bar plays an important role in heat transfer from the joint or stir zone, which can influence the weld microstructure as well as the consolidation of material in the root of the join. The influence of backing bar material on stir zone formation has been poorly investigated in the literature. This study aims at investigating issues concerning heat transfer and plastic deformation within the stir zone of friction stir welded aircraft aluminum alloys. This study has provided clear evidence that heat transfer conditions differ in accordance to alloy type (composition), process parameters during FSW and backing bar material. The influence of heat flow on mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the friction stir welded joints is primarily in response to the alloys resistance to plastic deformation. Thus this is the main cause why slip or stick occurs during contact of the tool with material in viscoplastic flow. For the FSW of the 2024-T351 alloy a slip condition dominates, while in the case of friction stir welds produced in the 6013-T6 alloy stick occurs in the interface of tool.