Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-08-31"

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Identificação de barreiras para a escolarização inclusiva de alunos com deficiências físicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-31)
Teixeira, Emanuele
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8003993108324709
In recent years, studies on the efficiency and practices based on policies of school inclusion have presented results often controversial. The lack of concrete data has been considered the main difficulty encountered in the accurate assessment of how this process has been occurred. The few systematic studies related to this topic have been restricted to individual testimonies and experiences, unable to assess the impact of policy on practice in schools. As a result, studies to improve the quality of education and, thus, promote access to these students, have been necessary. In this way, the actual work aimed to conduct a study using a descriptive method to promote inclusive education of students with disabilities in common schools, through the identification and description of barriers encountered by these students. To identify such barriers, data were collected from interviews with students from three different cities, using a specific instrument for this purpose ( The School-Setting Interview 3.0 SSI ), which was translated and adapted to Brazilian reality. The participants were 24 students with disabilities, between 7 to 16 years old, actually educated in regular education classes of regular teaching from three different cities (A, B and C). The results were analyzed to identify possible variation in the number and types of barriers depending on the city, gender, education level and motor impairment, in addition to access of assistance. Qualitative analysis was performed to identify and exemplify personalized barriers encountered by students in specific situation. Results showed that these cities, which were subject to the same general laws, have very different initiatives regarded to school inclusion. As the barriers faced by students, data showed that adjustments are being made in schools, although the number and variety of barriers faced by these students is still concern, and that policies of school inclusion need to be more effective. Moreover, it is concluded that, in students perception, the social barriers overcome the physical ones, since there is a greater investment in adapting the physical environment, which involves costless attitudes that could be implemented in short period of time, while the engagement against social and educational barriers, which would require more expensive and more structural alternatives, is still considerably being ignored.
A participação social na perspectiva dos(as) jovens protagonistas da ONG SOS adolescente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-31)
Reis, Denise Maria
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Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1224343794340576
This study has investigated, in the years 2007 to 2009, how eighteen young of social project Núcleo de Jovens Protagonistas of Non-Governmental Organization SOS adolescente from Campinas/SP city understand the social participation and the protagonists actions in the multiple spaces where they live, focusing on the educational processes that they experience, using a participatory methodology of qualitative research, through a critical-dialectical approach. The mode of educational action called Juvenile Protagonism, has emerged in a systematic way in the late 90's in the country, seeking to subvert the youth thematization as a social problem. Given the comments about the educational practice of that project and social studies that demonstrate a political action of youths supporting the consensus and more specific interventions, became important to investigate the problem from the perspective of young people named protagonist. The analysis was anchored in theoretical and methodological referencial which, far beyond criticism, qualifies knowledge and means of resistance of popular individuals or groups, researching and understanding the reality with them, taking the coexistence and dialogue as fundamental research procedures. Considering the dialectics of social reality, full of contradictions, as well as the institutional context in which they participate, the results presented by two thematic axles: to pass what you learn and make part and take part point to ambiguities or inconsistencies between words and actions of young, bypassing their ways of understanding the object of study. These modes are related to learning and teaching, with educational roles and commitments they assume to themselves and with other young ones who live in multiple spaces of social inclusion where the critical consciousness and transformative action are highly relevant because they establish as reasonable utopia the change of the world guided by values of solidarity and justice. Was still verified the occurrence of various educational processes with humanizing character that transcend the boundaries of the Juvenile Protagonism proposal, as well as a perspective of more egalitarian gender relations.
A pesquisa sobre formação de professores e multiculturalismo no Brasil : tendências e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-31)
Mariano, André Luiz Sena
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
The present study advocates the thesis that the prevalence of conservative multicultural perspective and found in the studies selected, enable the construction of essentialized identities and the suffocation of the differences. This perspective is a major obstacle to the design - advanced here - training of teachers as intellectuals, with a mandate of heir, artist and critic, who understand the identities and differences as products and producers of history, culture, ideology, and also power relations. Therefore, structured the work around the question: what the studies produced and published in Brazil, when addressing the integration of multiculturalism in teacher education, reveal? This central issue unfolds in others: How does this integration occurs in the curriculum of teacher training? What (is) design (s) of multiculturalism is (are) present (s) in this work? How multicultural categories (social class, race / ethnicity, gender, etc.) have been included in the work selected? And to answer the questions above, have set the universe for the construction and analysis of data, journal articles - The International and The National - and the papers presented at major events in the area of education, namely: the Annual Meetings of the Association National Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Education (ANPEd) and the National Meetings of Curriculum and Teaching Practice (ENDIPE) between the years 2000 and 2006. Among the main trends in the 57 selected texts, stands within a multicultural conservative and a liberal left in the reality of teacher training. Through them, the teacher takes the difference of treatment as having a psychological or biological imprint, and thus one aspect of establishing hierarchies, inferiority those that differ from the ideal standard. The difference is always something missing to the individual or a diversion. The identity is treated essentialized and binary: the male as opposed to female, white as opposed to black. There are few studies that assume a hybrid identity. Moreover, the relationship between majority and minority is taken on a Manichean perspective, polarizing the oppressed group and the group oppressor. Finally, the teacher is still under the aegis of the technicality, allowing for a break between theory and practice and the preparation of teachers - both in the initial and ongoing - that works in favor of maintaining the status quo. Conclude that there is much to build toward a multicultural education, that gives rise to teacher training with a term of intellectual heir, interpreter and critic. Moreover, the teacher rights, multiculturalism needs to be taken as a discourse of hope and possibility.
Ensino e aprendizagem de gramática em aulas de inglês no ensino médio : foco na forma e desenvolvimento da acuidade linguística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-31)
Marcheti, Luciana Impocetto
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Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5399333403214832
This research was motivated by debates against and in support of grammar instruction in English as Foreign Language (EFL)/ English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching. Some studies, opposed to explicit grammatical instruction, do not believe that formal grammar lessons can develop the ability of using the target-language into spontaneous communication. They also advocate that grammar instruction can only develop short term declarative knowledge of grammar. On the other hand, this investigation aimed to observe the results of a one semester EFL course focused on form, whose purpose was to evaluate participants ability to use target language in communicative activities. The study is based on Batstone s (1994) noticing activities, which means attention to and manipulation of form. We also proposed meaning-focused communicative tasks. It is a qualitative study based on observing the process of accuracy development through multiple tests: before, during and after the grammar-focused intervention. According to Ortega & Iberri-Shea (2005), a 6 month period is enough to classify it as a longitudinal research. The study was developed into a high school first grade classroom of a semi-private school. The 20 participants, aged between 14 and 16, were exposed to grammar as Batstone suggests. The target-language item was the simple present, defined after a diagnostic test.
Escola profissionalizante: solução ou problema?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-31)
Felipe, Rodrigo José Oliveira
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3281839978702715
Formação continuada de professores em serviço : em busca de um currículo em ação intermulticultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-31)
Silva, Regina Helena da
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6740093207165361
The research had as a focus the investigation of the group work: the teachers and the coordinator teacher of a primary school cycle I (1st to 4th grade) of the state net of teaching and a university professor, having the formative/collaborative work as an interpretative tool to direct intervene actions with the aim to sensitize/raise awareness of the teachers to issues such as equality, differences and inequality. The theoretical references used are based on post critical theories, which have as their source the Marxist theory, but such theories surpass the class concept, by adding other concepts such as culture, religion, gender, race/ethnicity among others. The data was analyzed through the following theoretical categories: alterity, difference and equality, expectation and identity. The sensitivity process about the issues aimed to contribute with the teachers practices either in the methodology or with the content selection towards an inter/multicultural action. The research proved that is not enough for the school curriculum to change in relation to the inter/multiculturalism only happen in the bureaucratic field, in the paper, but also in the sensitivity/conscience awareness processes for the implementation of new contents aiming this issue. The sensitivity process should happen in all the stages if the formation and this process should be ongoing and permanent.
Separação de compostos com atividade antibacteriana obtidos a partir de cultivos de Streptomyces clavuligerus em meio complexo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-01)
Bustamante, Maritza Catalina Condori
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Pasotto, Marlei Barboza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7269967957109739
The cephamycin C is a natural cephalosporin produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus, of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry; it is a β-lactam antibiotic that acts as an inhibitor of the cellular wall synthesis. Besides some activity against Gram-negative bacteria, the cephamycin C is resistant to the action of β-lactamase enzymes responsible for the resistance to penicillin. The information available in the literature, on the stages of the industrial production process of cephamycin C is scarcely found, studying the production process and the antibiotic separation is essential to provide technology to the production section. The present study aimed to develop alternative protocols to isolate and purify composites produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus DSM 738, such as the cephamycin C and penicillin, which present antibacterial activity. The sequence of purification stages proposed in this work consisted of: 1) Microfiltration of the broth for the separating cells and insoluble solids; 2) Ultrafiltration for the separation of high molecular weight sub products, such as proteins and enzymes; 3) Use of adsorption process with non ionic resin for the broth clarification; and 4) Finally, the hipotese this work, the adsorption process by ionic exchange, for the separation of composites with antibacterial activity, such as cephamycin C and Penicillin N. On the other hand, cephamycin C is not available in the market, being restricted to the industries that possess the production technology. The biological method of choice for the bacteriological activity test was the Escherichia coli ESS bacteria against all β-lactams. RMN-1H analysis showed that the use of the microfiltration and ultrafiltration are essential as first purification stages. The second purification stage with non ionic resin (Amberlite XAD-4) showed to be efficient on retaining pigments, finally, with this clarified broth, it was possible to separate two major and well defined fractions with antibacterial activity, by the use of an anion exchange resin (QXL of Amershan), utilizing NaCl and CH3COONa as mobile phase. Analysis by RMN-1H showed that the first fraction can represent a cephalosporin molecule, such as cephamycin C, among others compounds.
Estudo da influência do formato das partículas na operação de filtração de gases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-01)
Azevedo, Sandra Garcia Rodrigues
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2263453149577949
Particle morphology is a parameter which deserves great attention in industrial processes. This parameter affect some processes and products like medicines production and cosmetics which are developed by the compaction process, toner cartridges, behavior of aerosol flow of and also the filter cakes formation, among others. Although, the influence of the particle morphology on gas filtration is not well known yet. Because of that, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of particles shape on filter cake formation in gas filtration. Three types of particulate materials were used, all organic, with size distributions very close, similar densities and with different shapes. The materials used were: cassava starch of Yoki brand (volumetric average diameter equal to 14.79 μm), corn starch of the brand Maizena (volumetric average diameter equal to 15.70 μm) and wheat flour of the brand Rosa Branca (volumetric diameter average equal to 27.32 μm). The particle morphology study was done by the analysis of microscopy images on the software Image Pro Plus from Media Cybernetics. The particles shape of cassava starch are very close to the spherical shape with average value for the circularity equal to 0.97, the particles of corn starch have polyhedral shape and circularity equal to 0.85 and the particles of wheat flour have circular flake shape with circularity equal to 0.95. Two types of filter fabric were used as a filter medium, the polypropylene and treated polyester. The filtrations were performed with superficial velocity of 10 cm/s and the cleaning process of the filter medium was done with superficial velocity of 15 cm/s. The time of the filtration experiments was 885 seconds for each one and the cleaning process time was 60 seconds. The results have shown that the filter cake formed by the wheat flour in polyester fabric got the higher specific resistance (k2) of all experiments, with average value of 3.41 x105 s-1 and the lowest porosity. The results using corn starch in polypropylene tissue pointed out the lowest value of specific resistance, with average value equal to 1.21x105 s-1, and also presented a higher porosity of the filter cake. The results have shown that the particle morphology is a very important parameter for the right choosing of the fabric filter, because, for both filter medium tested large differences in pressure drop and also in the efficiency of the cleaning process were observed on the results of the experiments.
A difusão da responsabilidade social : enfoque no certificado de responsabilidade social de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-02)
Baggenstoss, Salli
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099162790712340
In the organizational world, the developments of the actions demonstrate to be increasingly planned, because the reflections can pass both in the internal environment, in society and the environment. It is also evident the spread of social responsibility in organizations, regardless of scope involved. The institutionalization of the social responsibility movement is arising out of entities that provide tools to demonstrate socially responsible actions and their practitioners. However, several studies indicate that the concept of this theme shows divergence in several respects, indicating a process still in elaboration. In these perspectives, this research aims to study the diffusion of social responsibility through the Certificate of Social Responsibility of Mato Grosso. To identify the main components comprised by the speech shown in the certificate, this research is bolstered in the study of Law 7687, in the Committee set up by it, the diagnosis of the participants, in the analysis of social reports required, in presentations at seminars and in interviews and documentary research. The main results show that the Certificate of Social Responsibility of Mato Grosso has a strategic approach and that is supported by the social report tool. As the stakeholders are prioritized employees, the community and the environment. There is no concept laid out by the Joint Commission, to issue involving just limitations. Therefore, it uses the discourse of the participating organizations for the dissemination of the theme. Finally, to receive the certificate, the organization needs to deliver the social report and the declaration. Thus, the institution is considered socially responsible
Isolamento, identificação fenogenotípica e potencial bioativo de microrganismos endofíticos intrinsecamente associados à Miconia albicans no Cerrado de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-03)
Piza, Ana Candida Martins Toledo
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1085967558061540
Endophytic microorganisms lives in symbiotic association with plants and in one unique biological niche, and they are potential producers of natural bioactive substances with different chemical structure and biological activity. This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic microorganisms from Miconia albicans from Cerrado of São Carlos - SP. Samples were characterized phenotypically from typical features of colony morphology and macroscopic measurements, physiological, biochemical and morphodyeing and genotypically by 16S rRNA analysis. We evaluated the antagonistic potential of the isolates against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Serratia marcensis IAL 1475, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Shigella sonnei ATCC 10231 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Two samples (1 and 3) showed bioactivity against E. faecalis, with inhibition halos of 1.30 and 1.90 cm in diameter, respectively. A single sample (2) showed activity against S. marcensis (3.60 cm) with no significant bioactivity against the other microorganisms tested. In one sample (4) showed activity against four of the six microorganisms tested: E. faecalis (3,15 cm) , S. aureus (3,50 cm), C. albicans (3,35 cm) e S. sonnei (3,20 cm). In another sample (6) was detected bioactivity against E. faecalis and S. aureus, with inhibition zones of 1.80 and 1.50 cm, respectively. One of the samples (8) showed bioactivity against the greatest number of indicator microorganisms with inhibitory halos of 2.60 cm against E. faecalis, 1.50 cm against S. aureus, 2.40 cm against C. albicans, 2.10 cm against E. coli and 2.50 cm against S. sonnei. In two samples (5 and 7) there was no evidence the bioactive ability against indicator microorganisms tested. Phenotypic analysis of 8 endophytic microorganisms isolated allowed us to classify 50% of these (samples 4, 6, 7 and 8) in the Actinomyces group and the others were classified in the genus Streptomyces (samples 1, 2, 3 and 5). In the genotypic analysis of two isolates with bioactivity were identified as Nocardiopsis Dassonville (sample 3) and Amycolatopsis orientalis (sample 8), reporting for the first time his association with endophytic aerial parts of Miconia albicans from Cerrado of São Carlos, SP.
Eletrólitos mono e multicamadas de céria e zircônia preparados por colagem de fita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-03)
Dias, Thiago
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7694579973622141
In this work it was investigated bi-layer electrolytes prepared by the tape casting technique. These electrolytes were composed of one layer of 10 mol% gadolinia doped ceria (CDG) and another one of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZEI -8). CDG tapes were prepared with powder from Fuel Cell Materials (FCM) and powder obtained by oxide mixing. ZEI-8 tapes were prepared with powder from Tosoh Corporation. In the first step, CDG and ZEI-8 tapes were prepared and dense plates were obtained after sintering. Sintered plates were characterized by impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At 350°C, the highest electrical conductivity of CDG samples prepared with powder obtained by oxide mixing and sintered at 1600 °C was 3.37 x10-4 S.cm-1 and with FCM powder sintered at 1500 °C was 4.33 x10-4 S.cm-1. At the same temperature, ZEI-8 samples sintered at 1600 °C showed 9.6 x10-5 S.cm-1, which agrees with literature results. CDG/ZEI-8 bilayers plates were prepared either by lamination or by double tape casting, followed by sintering at 1600 °C/2 h. Sintered bi-layers prepared by double tape casting were characterized by impedance spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity at 350 °C was 8.82 x10-5 S.cm-1, three times lower than CDG mono layer (3.37 x10-4 S.cm-1) due to high resistivity of CGD/ZEI-8 interface. The bi-layers SEM analysis showed that layers thickness of CDG and ZEI-8, were 140 μm and 24 μm respectively. The adherence between CDG and ZEI-8 layers was attributed to secondary phase in the interface which was responsible for high resistivity of the CGD/ZEI-8 interface.
Estudo de nanopartículas para preparação de compósitos com acoplamento magnetoelétrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-03)
Clabel Huamán, José Luis
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Cardoso, Claudio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0332061570052918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9597258423214892
In recent years the necessity of new devices, in the electroelectronic industry, has lead to an increasing interest in materials called magnetoelectric (ME) or multiferroic (MF). Multiferroic is the term used to classify the materials that exhibit magnetic and electric orders simultaneously. In this sense, the idea of producing materials and smart devices have attracted the attention of many researchers from different fields of knowledge. From the technological point of view, the simultaneous mutual control of electrical and magnetic properties generates new possibilities of applications. However the number of candidate for these applications materials is limited and the effects are typically very small and in some cases observed in the low temperature. Therefore, the search for room temperature multiferroic materials is very import for technological application of these materials as well as from the academic stand point. This work aimed the preparation of new multiferroic materials suitable for technological application. We performed a systematic study on the preparation of composites. Both compounds were synthesized using Pechini method, further, they were characterized by dilatometry, densification, X-ray diffraction, electronic microscopy, magnetization and resistivity measurements. We found the best results for the manganite prepared from solution with pH=0 and then calcinated at 900 for 6 hours. After that, the powder were sinterized at 1000 for 2 hours. For bfor 2 hours.
Estudo das interações fitoplâncton-protozooplâncton no reservatório de Barra Bonita, SP, com ênfase na toxicidade de microcistinas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-03)
Araujo, Laryssa Melo Rosa
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0049999109915867
The increasing eutrophication of aquatic environments, resulting from the human activities, is related to cyanobacterial blooms that are described, all over the world, as the agents causing toxicity and death in humans, domestic and wild animals. Recently, studies are being conducted aiming to prove the possibility of the biotransference of the cyanobacterial toxins to the trophic web and their associated effects. Protozoans are very important organisms to the aquatic food web and can be useful as indicators in water quality assessment. The present study evaluated, during cyanobacteria bloom events in Barra Bonita reservoir (SP), the intra and extracellular cyanotoxin levels (microcystin LR) and also phyto and protozooplanktonic populations. Besides, it was also evaluated, in laboratory experiments, the effects of the cyanotoxins obtained from cultures of Microcystis and from material collected in Barra Bonita reservoir on the protozoan Paramecium caudatum. Due to the eutrophication degree of the studied reservoir, the cianobacteria, specially Microcystis (M. aeruginosa, M. protocystis and M. panniformes) and Pseudanabaena mucicola, were the dominant phytoplanktonic organisms. In this work it was registered only the concentrations of microcystin LR. The concentrations of this toxin were median among those found for other Brazilian aquatic environments where it was detected more than one cyanotoxin variant. Halteria grandinella and Vorticela aquadulcis were the dominant protozoans in the environment during the cyanobanterial bloom events. The protozooplanktonic densities and species composition were lower than those found in the literature for environments with the same trophic status, indicating that the protozoan seem to be negatively affected by the cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins (microcystins) detected in the samples. Samples from Microcystis cultures and from the reservoir demonstrated to be toxic to P. caudatum, although they were more tolerant to the semi purified extracts from cultures than to the environmental samples.
O problema da fundamentação moral: uma investigação das teorias de Jürgen Habermas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-04)
Persch, Danilo
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Maar, Wolfgang Leo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8746615407370574
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7603399225528544
The goal of this thesis is to study the Jürgen Habermas theories, focussing on the communicative action and the ethics of discourse. The thematic of the communicative action deals with a linguistic tour , in other words, Habermas starts to analyze the society not from a productive paradigm, known as a philosophical-historical inheritance which comes from Marx, but from an intersubjective communication paradigm. This new conception of society also requests a re-orientation under the perspective of how should be grounded the values and moral standard rules. In this sense, Habermas build together with Karl-Otto Apel the ethics of discourse, which transcribes the assumptions of the pragmatic language needed to a rational justification of standard rules from agreements or consensus. The procedure in the search for consensus is made through speeches (dialogues), which depend on a number of conditions, such as: equal rights of participation, absence of internal and external coercion, mutual recognition of all those affected by the effects of a rule, etc. With such a point of view, Habermas intends to seek to ensure the universality of the moral principle, as well as solve the problem of ethnocentrism, which caracterize the major part of the contemporary culture. In a globalized society in the technical levels, economic and social as the actual, but marked by a serious problems which affects the environment and stimulate the exploitation of labor and corruption, etc. the ethics of discourse presents itself as an attempt at moral reasoning very promising.
Desenvolvimento de um pipeline para análise genômica e transcriptômica com base em Web services
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-04)
Melo, Henrique Velloso Ferreira
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Silva, Flávio Henrique da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8672694921739001
Pipeline systems for genomic and transcriptomic analysis aim to create communication bridges among the existing analysis tools, therefore reducing researchers efforts. Most of the pipelines found in the literature lack important features which would be useful to the development of genome or transcriptome sequencing projects. Among them, the capacity of tracking the project results along its development, including the generation of partial reports; the presence of a collaborative environment where the involved laboratories can contribute with new data and chromatograms; the possibility to configure analysis parameters; multiple pipeline support and the possibility to include new tools and modules. In this work, a pipeline prototype was developed to overcome these shortcomings. Sequencing projects progresses are tracked along all over their developments. Chromatograms are progressively received along the development of the project and partial reports over newly received data are generated. The communication with the processing server is done via Web service, which offers a universal language interface, allowing client applications in heterogeneous platforms to submit data and execute operations and queries. Pipelines are configured in XML documents written in a predefined format, through which the researchers choose the tools and parameters to be used. The prototype offers support to multiple pipelines executed simultaneously in the same project. Pipelines are executed in parallel by the means of thread pools, what increases efficiency by distributing the workload in multiprocessed systems. Another feature of the prototype is the extensibility as each pipeline step is wrapped in a module. New modules can be easily inserted in the system through the implementation of a programming interface, therefore without the needing of recompilation. Module insertions are done in a declarative way through XML documents. A client application was also developed in the collaborative platform Sakai, allowing different research groups involved in a sequencing project to create pipelines, view results and exchange information on the project current status. To evaluate the efficiency of the prototype, a case study was carried out. Sequences generated from sequencing of Sphenophorus levis transcriptome were submitted and a pipeline was configured to analyze the data. The case study has pointed out that the prototype is efficient and produces good results.
Estratégias para a determinação de minoxidil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-04)
Sousa, Rogério Adelino de
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Cavalheiro, Éder Tadeu Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4745280891704797
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0037305904937204
In this work methods for determining minoxidil (MX) in commercial samples and electrolytes of synthetic plasma and urine are presented. The minoxidil is a pharmaceutical whose blood vessel dilation property is used in the treatment of the Arterial Hypertension and in the treatment of the Alopécia Areata. Three commercial samples were analyzed, the Regaine® (Pharmacia, USA) and the magistral formulation (Porto Bianco, Brazil) both are topical use solutions, in a mixture of ethanol and propilenoglicol as vehicle, containing 2 % (20 mg mL-1) and 5 % of minoxidil (50 mg mL-1) respectively, and Loniten® (Rhodia, Brasil) containing 10 mg of MX per tablet. Three proposals for the determination of minoxidil in commercial samples and electrolytes of synthetic plasma and urine were considered. The first procedure was the determination of MX in the samples using flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection in two setups. For the setup procedure using single line with a wavelength of 400 nm, which can quantify the MX present in samples, showing recovery values of 99.7 and 104.8 % for Loniten® and the Regaine® respectively, and 102.5 % for the magistral sample. In merging-zones setup, the detection was in 345 nm, the MX was determined in the samples with recovery 101.3 % for Loniten® and 99.8 % to Regaine® and 103.7 % for the magistral. For both configurations, all the results from flow agree with the labeled values and the results from the chromatographic method (comparative method) in 95 % confidence (t-Student test). In the second procedure, an electroanalytical determination of MX is described using two composite electrodes, the graphite-polyurethane (GPUE) and graphite-silicone rubber (GSRE). Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electroactive area of electrodes (GPUE = 0.093 cm2; GSRE = 0.089 cm2), the diffusion coefficient of MX (in order of 8.0 x10-6 cm2 s-1) and to study the mechanism of electro-oxidation of MX of which involves one electron per proton. With the support of analytical curves were determined the levels of MX in the samples by different voltammetric techniques; cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The recovery values are in the range between 96.0 and 110 %, depending on the sample and the voltammetric technique. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the mass transport is controlled by diffusion and also there is a weak and reversible adsorption that for both the electrodes. The third method describes the determination of MX and furosemide (FR) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with spectrophotometric detection. The wavelengths of 275 and 285 nm were for the detection of FR and MX respectively. The mobile phase used was methanol/triethylamine (99:1, V/V) in the flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1. The column used was a C18 Supelco®. The recoveries were 97.7 and 102.4 % for Loniten® and Lasix® respectively. Finally is presented the characterization of the product of oxidation of MX. The informations obtained from infrared spectroscopy technique, were compared with results obtained by nuclear proton magnetic resonance. Two structures were proposed as product of redox reaction between the MX and KMnO4, the desoximinoxidil and another new structure.
Estudo microgravimétrico da formação de filmes de prata eletrodepositados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-04)
Matos, Roberto de
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7731828737626124
In this thesis, a voltammetric coupled to microgravimetry investigation about the electrodeposition of silver over polycrystalline platinum in acid medium was performed. Microgravimetry is helpful to understand the effect of different preparation variables, such as, pH, temperature, ion concentration and applied potential. This, in its turn, is a consequence of the fact that the composition in not the only important characteristic of electrodeposited metal which depends on the preparation process. We choose to study silver deposition once it is, in principle, a simple one electron process. The obtained data reveal a much more complex with several cathodic and anodic processes. First, the UPD silver deposition occurs, then the bulk and also the hydrogen evolution during the cathodic sweep. During the anodic voltammetric sweep, two current density peak were observed with molar mass equal to Ag dissolution, and then we conclude that a hydrogen rich phase or an alloy Pt-Ag were formed during the process. For one of solution investigated, a third anodic process was observed which could be associated to silver oxide formation and dissolution.
Estudo da corrosão do aço ao carbono em meio de sulfeto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-08)
Zimer, Alexsandro Mendes
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0191836345044086
This work presents a study of the 1020 and 1040 carbon steel corrosion in aqueous solution containing dissolved H2S in order to investigate the effect of H2Saq and HSaq species. Some different electrolytes were used: acetic acid buffer and phosphate buffer in presence or absence of 3.5 wt% NaCl solution containing 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm of Na2S. The corrosion steel was described by means electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potential polarization curves (PC), open circuit potential (Eoc) and in situ optical microscopy. Other experiments were carried out seeking to understand the steel corrosion process in sulfide solution. Thus, the influence of the 4 factors together (sulfide species, concentration, presence of chloride and steel type) was assessed by the interpretation of interactions and main effects in an experiments using factorial design. The characterization of the films was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in situ and ex situ techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The EIS measurements showed two distinct regions, high and low frequencies and the data analysis as a combination of diffusion and charge transference resistance, capacitances and constant phase elements (CPE). This parameters allow studying the corrosion of iron in presence of different sulfide species. The influence of total H2S concentration as well as the effect of immersion time on the corrosion was investigated too. In presence of the H2S the Rct values increase initially with immersion time but then decrease gradually. We concluded that there is formation of a protective film that reaches its maximum thickness after 3 h, and this layer is later dissolved to grow back again until reaching an equilibrium value at immersion time over 10 h. If the sulfide films has many porous, the capacitance presents high values to the corrosion process. In this case the number of defects of the sulfide films is proportional to increasing of corrosion. For the factorial design it was concluded that the species of sulfide is the most relevant factor for the corrosion process, followed by concentration and the presence of chloride in the solution. In the presence of H2S happens to active dissolution of iron and in the presence of HS- can occur the formation of a protective film. By images of in situ optical microscopy, carried out during the electrochemical measurements, one can observe the dissolution of ferrite in the pearlitic region and a formation of iron sulfide films with different colors. Morphological analysis and classification of surface corrosion damage, carried out by digital processing of images, show that happens grain-boundaries corrosion, pitting corrosion and formation of sulfide film initially over pearlitic grains.
Condutividade elétrica da solução sólida céria-zircônia dopada com ítrio e gadolínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-10)
Antunes, Fábio Coutinho
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9066668470271550
Rare earth doped ceria has a great potential to be used as electrolyte in temperatures around 800 °C in fuel cells due to its higher electrical conductivity than YSZ. However, the reduction of Ce+4 to Ce+3 in low oxygen partial pressure has introduced limitations for using doped ceria electrolyte due to electronic conduction. Among the several ceria solid solutions, CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3 attracts attention because its stability at temperatures around 800 °C and oxygen partial pressures up 10-18 atm. On the other hand, ceria solid solutions are very sensitive to the purity of the raw material. For these reason, it is common to find secondary phase along the grain boundary blocking the electrical conduction. For these electrolytes, impurities control the grain boundary conductivity. In this work, powders (Ce0,9-xYx)Zr0,1 and (Ce0,9-xGdx)Zr0,1 with 0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.24 were prepared by oxides mixing. The effect of successive calcinations and the addition La2O3 was evaluated. Samples obtained by isostatic pressing, were sintered between 1450 and 1600 ° C with two hours of soaking time. Sintered samples were characterized by density measurements, X rays diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. Among all samples, those doped with 12 mol% of co-dopant aliovalente (Y2O3 ou Gd2O3) showed similar electrical behavior. For these samples it was observed a large increase of grain boundary electrical conductivity for calcined compositions and doped with La2O3 resulting a total electrical conductivity of 4,4x10-4 S.cm-1 at 450 °C in the same order of magnitude of electrolytes Z8Y prepared for this work. Compositions containing Y+3 and La2O3 showed higher electrolytic domain compared to the other investigated compositions.
Avaliação do grau de gelificação de formulações de PVC rígido utilizando o método de ultrassom
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-10)
Finocchio, Henrique
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Hage Júnior, Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4221003986826298
The determination of the gelation degree is an important tool for predicting the properties of final products made of rigid PVC compounds. Thus, it is evident the need of a quick and effective test method that can be applied during the manufacturing process of products for quality control. In order to attend this need the ultrasound method has been applied in this work. Four rigid PVC compounds have been prepared and tested in a torque rheometer with different temperatures and times. The samples obtained, presenting different gelation degrees, have been then compression molded to obtain cubic specimens. To quantify their gelation degree the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique has been applied. These specimens have been also submitted to an ultrasound testing to get their elastic constants, including the elastic modulus (E). The values of elastic modulus obtained by ultrasound have been correlated with the gelation degree obtained by DSC. In conclusion, specimens with higher gelation degrees, in general, showed higher modulus of elasticity. Therefore, it is believed that the ultrasound method may be a promising technique for evaluating PVC compounds degree of gelation and to determine their stiffness properties.